CN105148324B - Bone biomimetic material that a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Bone biomimetic material that a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105148324B
CN105148324B CN201510545412.8A CN201510545412A CN105148324B CN 105148324 B CN105148324 B CN 105148324B CN 201510545412 A CN201510545412 A CN 201510545412A CN 105148324 B CN105148324 B CN 105148324B
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cellulose whisker
hydroxyapatite
bone
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CN105148324A (en
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邵伟力
刘凡
梅硕
何建新
王利丹
丁彬
崔世忠
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Zhongyuan University of Technology
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Abstract

Bone biomimetic material built the present invention relates to a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising and preparation method thereof.It is to act on the substantial amounts of carboxyl of nano-cellulose whisker surface grafting by sodium hydroxide and sodium chloroacetate, and Ca (OH) is added dropwise simultaneously according to calcium phosphorus mol ratio 1. 67 under strong stirring2Suspension and H3PO 4Solution is into nano-cellulose suspension solution, it is 7.0 11.0 to control solution ph, obtain nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle, inserted after the silk fibroin protein solution of nano-complex particle addition various concentrations is fully reconciled uniformly in homemade mould, obtained nano bone biomimetic material is successively freeze-dried according to the order of mass concentration from high to low.The bone biomimetic material that nano-cellulose whisker produced by the present invention by mineralising is built being capable of bionical nature bone on composition and structure, with good mechanical property, rational porosity and good biocompatibility and bioactivity, reparation that can be as bone tissue or alternative materials, have broad application prospects.

Description

The bone biomimetic material and its preparation that a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built Method
Technical field
Bone biomimetic material built the present invention relates to a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising and preparation method thereof, application In Bone Defect Repari or bone alternate material, and in particular to biology medical material technical field.
Background technology
In field of orthopaedics, Cranial defect is very common as caused by wound, infection, osteopathy, bone tumour resection etc..Autologous bone or Allograph bone is all there is increase postoperative complication, material source is limited, spreads disease or the problems such as immunological rejection, and it is clinical Using receiving certain limitation.With the development of biomaterials art, artificial bone alternate material is increasingly being applied to It is clinical.Bone alternate material grows mainly as framework in human body bone, osteocyte and collagenous fibres are inserted thereon, eventually becomes work A part for body bone.Therefore, it is always the target that people make great efforts to find a kind of preferably bone transplantation substitute material.
Mainly there are metal, ceramics and several major classes of polymer currently used for bone tissue reparation.But metal material lack with The bioactivity that tissue combines, ceramic-like materials are primarily present that matter is crisp, is easy to be broken and occur fatigue rupture etc. in vivo Deficiency, polymer can have modulus similar in people's bone, but not possess the activity that biological key is formed with bone tissue.Therefore, find It is still a difficult point clinically that more satisfactory material, which is used for bone tissue reparation,.Nature bone is that a kind of had by about 30% The organic/inorganic Biocomposite material that machine matrix and 70% hydroxyapatite are formed, organic substrate mainly include non-collagen egg In vain, mucopolysaccharide etc..Hydroxide radical phosphorite nanocrystalline body is embedded in collagen fiber matrix in an orderly manner, close between organic and inorganic constituent element The unique assemblies of synergy and molecular level, impart the multilevel hierarchy of nature bone and excellent mechanical property.Therefore, Prepare biocompatibility and mechanical compatibility are good, have bioactivity Bone Defect Repari or bone alternate material, it is necessary to be set from molecular level Meter carries out Bionic Design, imitates the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of nature bone.Nano whisker is a kind of nanometer extracted from natural fiber The cellulose of level, it not only has the feature of nano particle, also with some unique intensity and optical property, has wide Application prospect.Be modified by carboxylated make Cellulose nanocrystal must surface grafting it is a large amount of-COOH group, purposefully strengthen nanometer The feature of whisker, while the advantages of intrinsic is not broken again, its application is extended,.
The content of the invention
A kind of preparation side of the bone biomimetic material built it is an object of the invention to provide nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising Method.It is modified by the carboxylated of nano-cellulose whisker and electrostatic self-assembled biomimetic mineralization obtains nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyl Apatite nano-complex particle, makes that the fibroin of it and various concentrations is blended to obtain density and porosity is in using Freeze Drying Technique The porous bone biomimetic material of gradient distribution.This bone biomimetic material not only simulates nature bone on composition, and in structure It is bionical to nature bone, there is good biocompatibility, biological degradability and osteoinductive energy, and excellent mechanical property.
Realizing the technical scheme of the object of the invention is, the bionical material of bone that a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built Material, it is made up of inorganic carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker and hydroxyapatite with organic fibroin, described inorganic constituents The mass ratio of carboxy methylation nano whisker and hydroxyapatite is 1:Its quality of 0-1, described inorganic constituents and organic principle Than for 1:0.5-2.
The bone biomimetic material is made up of carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin, carboxylated The mass ratio of nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin is 1:1-10:0.5-5, its density gradient is from outside to inside Respectively 75.3%-82.3%, 57.4%-67.2%, 11.6%-30.6%.
The draw ratio of described nano whisker is about 20:1-2, described fibroin albumen are Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin and tussah silk peptide, The inherent viscosity of its protein molecular is more than or equal to 0.50, and needle-like distribution is presented in described hydroxyapatite, and its particle length exists 50-300nm, particle width is in 10-50nm.
The method for preparing the bone biomimetic material that this nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built, using following steps:
(1)By in the ethanol solution of nano-cellulose whisker ultrasonic disperse to 0.1-2mol/L sodium hydroxides, bath raio 1: 500, alkalize 10-120 min at 20-80 DEG C.0.125-2.5 mol/L sodium chloroacetate solution is added, at 30-75 DEG C Lower ultrasonic agitation 15-100min, and adjust solution ph to dialyse three to neutrality and in distilled water with 0.1-0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid My god, obtain the nano-cellulose crystalline substance suspension solution of carboxylated modification;
(2)The ratio between amount according to calcium phosphorus substance is 1.67, by 0.01-0.1mol/L Ca (OH)2With the H of dilution3PO4It is molten Liquid buret instills step simultaneously(1)1-6h is stirred in obtained solution and in ultrasound, ammoniacal liquor control reaction is added dropwise PH value is 8.0~10.0, and controlling reaction temperature is 20-80 DEG C, obtains nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite ratio as 1:1- 10 compound particle suspension;
(3)By step(2)Nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle suspension of gained is stored at room temperature Supernatant liquor is removed after 48 hours, centrifuges out sediment, after distilling water washing three times, is freeze-dried and nano-cellulose is made Whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle;
(4)By step(3)In resulting nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle ultrasonic disperse to concentration point Not Wei 5%-15%, 35%-45%, 55%-65% silk fibroin solution, obtain nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatites of various concentrations/ The mass ratio of fibroin blend solution, wherein nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle and fibroin is 65:35;
(5)By step(4)In the blending of obtained mass concentration highest nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite/fibroin Solution is poured into homemade mould, after the quenching of liquid nitrogen condition, is pressed in -50--80 DEG C of freeze-dryings, then by other blend solutions Successively be freeze-dried according to the order of mass concentration from high to low, be made density and porosity distribution gradient containing graphene, The nano bone biomimetic material of hydroxyapatite and fibroin.
Compared with existing bone alternate material and preparation method thereof, the present invention has advantages below:
(1)The compound grain that the nano-cellulose whisker and hydroxyapatite self assembly being modified in the present invention by carboxylated form In son, due to electrostatic interaction, bar-shaped hydroxyapatite is distributed in nano-cellulose whisker surface, by bar-shaped nano-cellulose Whisker links together, and carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker and hydroxyapatite layer are alternately arranged to form steel-concrete structures. Thus, the resistance to compression mechanical strength and toughness of hydroxyapatite can be improved;
(2)The porous bone biomimetic material prepared in the present invention has the pore structure that gradient is distributed, so as to macroscopically right Nature bone carries out bionical.Compound support frame material prepared by the present invention can readily obtain required shapes and sizes;Can be with shape Into the hole of certain structure and content, the requirement to bone biomimetic material type during bone collection disclosure satisfy that;
(3)The bone biomimetic material prepared in the present invention has non-toxic, nonirritant, good biocompatibility, cell affine The mechanical property that property is good, biodegradability is good and excellent.
The bone biomimetic material that nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising prepared by the present invention is built, is mainly based upon carboxy methylation Modified nano-cellulose whisker, it is compound that nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite is obtained by electrostatic self-assembled biomimetic mineralization Particle, and zygomite usually prepares the porous bone biomimetic material of density and porosity gradient distribution.
Brief description of the drawings
The pattern of nano-cellulose whisker after Fig. 1 carboxy methylations;
Fig. 2 Cellulose nanocrystals must be 1 with hydroxyapatite ratio:The pattern of 1 compound particle;
Fig. 3 Cellulose nanocrystals must be 1 with hydroxyapatite ratio:The pattern of 2 compound particle;
Fig. 4 Cellulose nanocrystals must be 1 with hydroxyapatite ratio:The pattern of 4 compound particle.
Embodiment
By example, the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The bone biomimetic material that a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built, it is by inorganic carboxylated nano-cellulose Whisker and hydroxyapatite and organic fibroin composition, described inorganic constituents carboxy methylation nano whisker and hydroxyapatite Mass ratio is 1:Its mass ratio of 0-1, described inorganic constituents and organic principle is 1:0.5-2, the bone biomimetic material is by carboxylic Base nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin composition, carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and The mass ratio of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin is 1:1-10:0.5-5, its density gradient are respectively 75.3%-82.3%, 57.4%- from outside to inside 67.2%, 11.6%-30.6%.The draw ratio of described nano whisker is about 20:1-2, described fibroin albumen be Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin and Tussah silk peptide, the inherent viscosity of its protein molecular are more than or equal to 0.50, and needle-like distribution, its grain is presented in described hydroxyapatite Sub- length is in 50-300nm, and particle width is in 10-50nm.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method for the bone biomimetic material that nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built, is carried out according to the following steps:
(1)Ethanol by nano-cellulose whisker ultrasonic disperse to 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxides(85%)In solution, bath raio For 1:500, alkalize 60 min at 30 DEG C, adds 0.725mol/L sodium chloroacetate solution, is stirred by ultrasonic at 60 DEG C 50min, and adjust solution ph to be dialysed three days to neutrality and in distilled water with 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid, obtain carboxylated modification Nano-cellulose whisker suspension solution;
(2)The ratio between amount according to calcium phosphorus substance is 1.67, by 0.05mol/L Ca (OH)2With the H of dilution3PO4Solution is used Buret instills step simultaneously(1)4h is stirred in obtained solution and in ultrasound, ammoniacal liquor is added dropwise and controls the pH value in reaction to be 8.0~9.0, controlling reaction temperature is 60 DEG C, obtains nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite ratio as 1:1 compound particle Suspension;
(3)By step(2)Nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle suspension of gained is stored at room temperature Supernatant liquor is removed after 48 hours, centrifuges out sediment, after distilling water washing three times, is freeze-dried and nano-cellulose is made Whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle;
(4)By step(3)In resulting nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle ultrasonic disperse to concentration point Not Wei 5%, 35,55% silk fibroin solution, obtain nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite/fibroin blend solution of various concentrations, Wherein the mass ratio of nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle and fibroin is 65:35;
(5)By step(4)In the blending of obtained mass concentration highest nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite/fibroin Solution is poured into homemade mould, after the quenching of liquid nitrogen condition, in -54 DEG C of freeze-dryings, then by other blend solutions according to matter The order of amount concentration from high to low is successively freeze-dried, and the porous bone biomimetic material of density and porosity distribution gradient is made, The bone biomimetic material is made up of carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin, and its mass ratio is 1:2:2, Its density gradient is respectively 78.4%, 57.4%, 11.6% from outside to inside, and its porosity gradient is respectively 17.2% from outside to inside, 37.4%, 80.2%.
Table 1 shows the mechanics of the porous nano bone biomimetic material containing nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite/fibroin Performance and porosity, nano whisker, nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite composite particle structures after its carboxy methylation SEM photograph such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2(Multiplication factor is 50,000 times in Fig. 1, and multiplication factor is 20,000 times in Fig. 2)It is shown, it can be seen by Fig. 1 Go out, the average aspect ratio of carboxy methylation nano whisker prepared by the present invention is about 10:1, it is only least a portion of as seen from Figure 2 Nano whisker is covered by hydroxyapatite.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method for the bone biomimetic material that nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built, is carried out according to the following steps:
(1)Ethanol by nano-cellulose whisker ultrasonic disperse to 1mol/L sodium hydroxides(85%)In solution, bath raio is 1:500, alkalize 20min at 50 DEG C, adds 1.25 mol/L sodium chloroacetate solution, is stirred by ultrasonic at 50 DEG C 100min, and adjust solution ph to be dialysed three days to neutrality and in distilled water with 0.3mol/L hydrochloric acid, obtain carboxylated modification Nano-cellulose whisker suspension solution;
(2)The ratio between amount according to calcium phosphorus substance is 1.67, by 0.1mol/L Ca (OH)2With the chitosan of the dilution of dilution And H3PO4Solution buret instills step simultaneously(1)2h is stirred in obtained solution and in ultrasound, ammoniacal liquor control is added dropwise PH value in reaction processed is 8.0~10.0, and controlling reaction temperature is 75 DEG C, and obtaining nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite ratio is 1:2 compound particle suspension;
(3)By step(2)Nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle suspension of gained is stored at room temperature Supernatant liquor is removed after 48 hours, centrifuges out sediment, after distilling water washing three times, is freeze-dried and nano-cellulose is made Whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle;
(4)By step(3)In resulting nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle ultrasonic disperse to concentration point Not Wei 10%, 40%, 60% silk fibroin solution, it is molten to obtain nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatites of various concentrations/fibroin blending The mass ratio of liquid, wherein nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle and fibroin is 65:35;
(5)By step(4)In the blending of obtained mass concentration highest nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite/fibroin Solution is poured into homemade mould, after the quenching of liquid nitrogen condition, in -60 DEG C of freeze-dryings, then by other blend solutions according to matter The order of amount concentration from high to low is successively freeze-dried, and the porous bone biomimetic material of density and porosity distribution gradient is made, The bone biomimetic material is made up of carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin, and its mass ratio is 1:4:3, Its density gradient is respectively 79%, 61%, 120% from outside to inside, and its porosity gradient is respectively 18.1%, 26.4% from outside to inside, 77.2%, the mechanical property and porosity of the bone biomimetic material of preparation are as shown in table 1, its nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite The SEM photograph of the structure of compound particle such as Fig. 3(Multiplication factor is 20,000 times in figure)It is shown, as seen from Figure 3, carboxy methylation Nano whisker almost covered by hydroxyapatite.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method for the bone biomimetic material that nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built, is carried out according to the following steps:
(1)Ethanol by nano-cellulose whisker ultrasonic disperse to 0.08mol/L sodium hydroxides(85%)In solution, bath raio For 1:500, alkalize 30 min at 40 DEG C, adds 0.1 mol/L sodium chloroacetate solution, is stirred by ultrasonic at 55 DEG C 60min, and adjust solution ph to be dialysed three days to neutrality and in distilled water with 0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid, obtain carboxylated modification Nano-cellulose whisker suspension solution;
(2)The ratio between amount according to calcium phosphorus substance is 1.67, by 0.03mol/L Ca (OH)2With the H of dilution3PO4Solution is used Buret instills step simultaneously(1)3h is stirred in obtained solution and in ultrasound, ammoniacal liquor is added dropwise and controls the pH value in reaction to be 8.0~10.0, controlling reaction temperature is 80 DEG C, obtains nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite ratio as 1:4 compound particle Suspension;
(3)By step(2)After the graphene/hydroxyapatite nano compound particle suspension of gained is stored at room temperature 48 hours Supernatant liquor is removed, centrifuges out sediment, after distilling water washing three times, is freeze-dried and nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyl is made Base apatite compound particle;
(4)By step(3)In resulting nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle ultrasonic disperse to concentration point Not Wei 15%, 45%, 65% silk fibroin solution, it is molten to obtain nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatites of various concentrations/fibroin blending The mass ratio of liquid, wherein nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle and fibroin is 65:35;
(5)By step(4)In the blending of obtained mass concentration highest nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite/fibroin Solution is poured into homemade mould, after the quenching of liquid nitrogen condition, in -75 DEG C of freeze-dryings, then by other blend solutions according to matter The order of amount concentration from high to low is successively freeze-dried, and the porous bone biomimetic material of density and porosity distribution gradient is made, The bone biomimetic material is made up of carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin, and its mass ratio is 1:8:6, Its density gradient is respectively 81.6%, 63.2%, 24.9% from outside to inside, and its porosity gradient is respectively 19.4% from outside to inside, 37.5%, 75.3%, the mechanical property and porosity of the bone biomimetic material of preparation are as shown in table 1, its nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyl The SEM photograph of the structure of apatite compound particle such as Fig. 4(Multiplication factor is 20,000 times in figure)It is shown, as seen from Figure 4, Nano-cellulose whisker is not observed in the visual field, the yardstick of hydroxyapatite its length 50-300 nanometers, width is in 10-50 Nanometer.
The performance for the bone biomimetic material that table 1 is built by the nano-cellulose whisker of mineralising
Therefore, the present invention obtains, by the bone biomimetic material of the nano-cellulose whisker structure of mineralising, in structure having big The micropore that the nanometer that interconnects arrives micro-meter scale, and the porosity with graded are measured, in abundant bionical nature bone The distributed architecture of compact bone and cancellous bone.Fibroin albumen with good biocompatibility is have selected on composition and function is excellent The carboxy methylation nano-cellulose whisker of change, enhance the compression strength and toughness of hydroxyapatite.The method according to the invention The bone biomimetic material of preparation has good mechanical property, good formability and rational porosity, can be used as embedded type Degradable bone renovating material.

Claims (5)

  1. A kind of 1. bone biomimetic material that nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built, it is characterised in that:The bone biomimetic material by Carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite and Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin composition, carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker, hydroxyapatite Mass ratio with Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin is 1:1-10:0.5-5, the bone biomimetic material that the nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built Preparation method, carry out according to the following steps:
    (1)By in the ethanol solution of nano-cellulose whisker ultrasonic disperse to 0.1-2mol/L sodium hydroxides, bath raio 1:500, Alkalize 10-120 min at 20-80 DEG C, adds 0.125-2.5 mol/L sodium chloroacetate solution, surpasses at 30-75 DEG C Sound stirs 15-100min, and adjusts solution ph to be dialysed three days to neutrality and in distilled water with 0.1-0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid, obtains The nano-cellulose whisker suspension solution being modified to carboxylated;
    (2)The ratio between amount according to calcium phosphorus substance is 1.67, by 0.01-0.1mol/L Ca (OH)2With diluting H3PO4Solution drips Fixed tube instills step simultaneously(1)1-6h is stirred in obtained solution and in ultrasound, ammoniacal liquor is added dropwise and controls the pH value in reaction to be 8.0~10.0, controlling reaction temperature is 20-80 DEG C, obtains nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite ratio as 1:1-10's answers Close particle suspension;
    (3)By step(2)The nano-cellulose whisker of gained/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle suspension is stored at room temperature 48 is small When after remove supernatant liquor, centrifuge out sediment, distillation water washing three times after, be freeze-dried that nano-cellulose is made is brilliant Palpus/hydroxyapatite compound particle;
    (4)By step(3)In resulting nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite compound particle ultrasonic disperse be respectively to concentration 5%-15%, 35%-45%, 55%-65% Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin solution, obtain nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatites of various concentrations/ The mass ratio of fibroin blend solution, wherein nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite nano-complex particle and fibroin is 65:35;
    (5)By step(4)In obtained mass concentration highest nano-cellulose whisker/hydroxyapatite/fibroin blend solution Pour into homemade mould, after the quenching of liquid nitrogen condition, in -50--80 DEG C of freeze-dryings, then by other blend solutions according to matter The order of amount concentration from high to low is successively freeze-dried, and the porous bone biomimetic material of density and porosity distribution gradient is made.
  2. 2. the bone biomimetic material that the nano-cellulose whisker according to claim 1 by mineralising is built, it is characterised in that:Institute The interconnected nanometer micropore containing gradient distribution in bone biomimetic material is stated, the porosity gradient of nanometer micropore divides from outside to inside Wei not 17.7%-24.7%, 32.8%-42.6%, 69.4-88.4%.
  3. 3. the bone biomimetic material that the nano-cellulose whisker according to claim 1 by mineralising is built, it is characterised in that:Institute The draw ratio for stating carboxylated nano-cellulose whisker is 20:1-10:1, the inherent viscosity of the Bombyx mori silk fibroin molecule is more than Or equal to 0.50, needle-like distribution is presented in described hydroxyapatite, and its particle length is in 50-300nm, and particle width is in 10- 50nm。
  4. 4. the bone biomimetic material that the nano-cellulose whisker according to claim 1 by mineralising is built, it is characterised in that:Institute State hydroxyapatite and nano-cellulose whisker is self-assembly of compound particle.
  5. 5. the bone biomimetic material that the nano-cellulose whisker according to claim 1 by mineralising is built, it is characterised in that:Institute The volumetric concentration for stating ethanol solution is 85%.
CN201510545412.8A 2015-08-31 2015-08-31 Bone biomimetic material that a kind of nano-cellulose whisker by mineralising is built and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN105148324B (en)

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纤维素纳米晶须/柞蚕丝素纳米纤维是制备与表征;何建新等;《东华大学学报(自然科学版)》;20140615;第40卷(第3期);第259页左栏第1-6段、第261页右栏第1段 *

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