CN105147377A - 锁定加压接骨装置 - Google Patents

锁定加压接骨装置 Download PDF

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CN105147377A
CN105147377A CN201510659781.XA CN201510659781A CN105147377A CN 105147377 A CN105147377 A CN 105147377A CN 201510659781 A CN201510659781 A CN 201510659781A CN 105147377 A CN105147377 A CN 105147377A
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谢文平
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/683Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin comprising bone transfixation elements, e.g. bolt with a distal cooperating element such as a nut
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8004Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with means for distracting or compressing the bone or bones
    • A61B17/8014Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates with means for distracting or compressing the bone or bones the extension or compression force being caused by interaction of the plate hole and the screws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8052Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
    • A61B17/8057Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded the interlocking form comprising a thread
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B2017/681Alignment, compression, or distraction mechanisms

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可消除应力集中和应力遮挡的锁定加压接骨装置,它包括主锁定加压接骨板、锁定螺钉、套筒,主锁定加压接骨板上设有与锁定螺钉对应的主锁定螺孔,其特征是它还包括副锁定接骨板和与套筒对应的2个定位杆,所述副锁定接骨板与主锁定加压接骨板同时应用,副锁定接骨板上至少设有1个副锁定螺孔和1个副螺钉孔,所述副锁定螺孔、副螺钉孔与主锁定螺孔的位置、大小对应,应用时,所述副锁定螺孔、副螺钉孔分别分布在骨折线两侧;所述定位杆的外径与套筒内径相同;本发明结构简单,操作方便,改变了应力传导模式,消除了剪切应力,避免接骨板断裂,可使接骨板更薄、更窄,减少对病人的伤害;同时,由于内固定更牢靠,使患者能早期功能锻炼,尽早恢复肢体功能。

Description

锁定加压接骨装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种骨折病人用内固定接骨板,具体地说是一种锁定加压接骨装置,特别是涉及一种可消除应力集中和应力遮挡的锁定加压接骨装置。
背景技术
在骨科手术用内固定物中,直到目前为止,接骨板骨折内固定术仍然被认为是治疗大多数关节和干骺端骨折以及某些骨干骨折的首选方案。目前,最先进的微创锁定接骨板技术,具有角稳定性,增强了传载负荷的能力(中文版《创伤骨科手术学》第四章主译裴国庆、李旭、夏志敏第61页),而应用相当广泛。但是,目前的接骨板内固定物只是强调接骨板的刚度和强度,均存在应力集中和应力遮挡问题,在骨折固定后,由于患者不当功能锻炼或者骨折延迟愈合期金属疲劳使接骨板变形,甚至折断,给患者造成不可逆转的伤害。为此有人通过加大接骨板局部厚度和宽度来增强接骨板的抗剪切应力作用。如:
文献1:专利号为201320181884.6,发明名称为医用接骨板的专利公开了一种医用接骨板,其板体长度方向的两端厚度小于中间部位的厚度,其板体的上表面为弧形结构;在板体的长度方向上交错分布若干个钉孔。该医用接骨板上表面采用弧形设计,增强抗弯能力,并且上表面的弧形设计也分散了钢板易折断区应力分布,可有效保护患者的管状骨恢复。
文献2:专利号为201020223842.0,发明名称为一种应力分散接骨板公开了一种接骨板,其技术方案是:在板面纵轴或纵轴中段钉孔处的板面宽度大于两钉孔之间的板面的宽度,沿与板面纵轴垂直的方向,钉孔圆周边缘分别到两侧板面边缘的距离之和大于或等于两钉孔之间的板面宽度。这种应力分散接骨板的优点是,板面钉孔到板面边缘的宽度得到增加,其强度得到加强,钉孔处的应力得到分散,因此,接骨板不易在长期的应力作用下于钉孔处发生疲劳断裂,使临床接骨板断裂事故大为减少。
文献1、文献2并没有完全解决接骨板应力集中和应力遮挡等问题,仍然存在剪切应力。同时,也增加了接骨板的重量及体积,增加了对病人的伤害。
也有人通过改变接骨板本身的结构来分散接骨板的应力,如:
文献3:专利号为201210507696.8,发明名称为具有应力分散结构的金属接骨板公开了一种接骨板的板面上设有沿其周边分布的多个顶丝螺孔,顶丝螺孔内均分别设有顶丝,顶丝头部设有内六角凹槽,顶丝通过顶丝螺孔与骨骼表面接触,在顶丝的外回转表面上设有环形槽,自环形槽的一侧面至顶丝的尾部设有多个径向开口槽,开口槽与顶丝头部的内六角凹槽的底部相贯通。本发明能有效的分散应力,防止金属接骨板因受力不均而发生断裂,文献3虽然增加了金属接骨板的受力点,但是,仍然不能消除剪切应力,它也降低了金属接骨板本身的强度,同时,文献1、文献2和文献3也都没有解决应力遮挡问题。
对此,也有人在实际操作中,在锁定加压接骨板对侧再增加一块锁定加压接骨板,以达到消除剪切应力的目的。但此方法使用螺钉太多,对病人的软组织和骨组织损伤太大,更加加大了病人骨不愈合的可能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可消除应力集中和应力遮挡的锁定加压接骨装置。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现其发明目的的,一种锁定加压接骨装置,它包括主锁定加压接骨板、锁定螺钉、套筒,主锁定加压接骨板上设有与锁定螺钉对应的主锁定螺孔,它还包括副锁定接骨板和与套筒对应的2个定位杆,所述副锁定接骨板与主锁定加压接骨板同时应用,副锁定接骨板上至少设有1个副锁定螺孔和1个副螺钉孔,所述副锁定螺孔、副螺钉孔与主锁定螺孔的位置、大小对应,应用时,所述副锁定螺孔、副螺钉孔分别分布在骨折线两侧;所述定位杆的外径与套筒内径相同。
本发明所述副螺钉孔优选为3~5个。
本发明所述主锁定加压接骨板上设有加压孔。
为方便操作,本发明所述定位杆一端为尖端,另一端为L形。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明较好的实现了发明目的,其结构简单,操作方便,通过增加副锁定接骨板,完全改变了应力传导模式,消除了剪切应力,不存在应力集中和应力遮挡等问题,避免接骨板断裂,可使接骨板更薄、更窄,减小接骨板的体积,减少对病人的伤害;同时,由于内固定更牢靠,使患者能早期功能锻炼,尽早恢复肢体功能。
附图说明
图1是现有锁定加压接骨装置的应力传导示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1主锁定加压接骨板的结构示意图;
图3是本发明实施例1副锁定接骨板的结构示意图;
图4是本发明实施例1锁定螺钉的结构示意图;
图5是本发明实施例1套筒与定位杆的结构示意图;
图6是本发明实施例1的操作示意图;
图7是本发明实施例1应用时的状态示意图;
图8是本发明实施例1锁定加压接骨装置的应力传导示意图;
图9是本发明实施例2主锁定加压接骨板的结构示意图;
图10是本发明实施例2副锁定接骨板的结构示意图;
图11是本发明实施例2应用时的状态示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
由图1可知,现有锁定加压接骨装置应用时,其应力只一束沿锁定加压接骨板纵轴传导,而大部分形成了剪切应力和应力遮挡,使应力集中在锁定加压接骨板某一处,在骨折内固定后,由于患者不当功能锻炼或再次受伤或者骨折延迟愈合期金属疲劳使接骨板变形,甚至折断,给患者造成不可逆转的伤害。
实施例1:
由图2、图3、图4、图5可知,一种锁定加压接骨装置,它包括主锁定加压接骨板1、锁定螺钉2、套筒9,主锁定加压接骨板1上设有与锁定螺钉2对应的主锁定螺孔4,它还包括副锁定接骨板5和与套筒9对应的2个定位杆8,所述副锁定接骨板5与主锁定加压接骨板1同时应用,副锁定接骨板5上至少设有1个副锁定螺孔7和1个副螺钉孔6,所述副锁定螺孔7、副螺钉孔6与主锁定螺孔4的位置、大小对应,应用时,所述副锁定螺孔7、副螺钉孔6分别分布在骨折线3两侧;所述定位杆8的外径与套筒9内径相同。
本发明所述副螺钉孔6优选为3~5个。
本发明所述主锁定加压接骨板1上设有加压孔10。
为方便操作,本发明所述定位杆8一端为尖端,另一端为L形。
主锁定加压接骨板1、副锁定接骨板5的设计:其形状及螺钉孔数依据骨折部位骨的解剖形状设计。本实施例主锁定加压接骨板1上设有6个主锁定螺孔4,为实现骨折端的加压,其中1个为加压孔10,副锁定接骨板5上设有3个副螺钉孔6和1个副锁定螺孔7,其位置与大小与主锁定螺孔4对应,用于骨折的内固定。
由图6、图7可知,本发明使用时,主锁定加压接骨板1的微创植入方法与目前普通锁定加压接骨板植入方法相同。首先复位骨折,安装主锁定加压接骨板1,在上下两端上锁定螺钉2并通过加压孔10加压。在骨折线3的一端,拧入套筒9,分别钻孔后,向套筒9内插入两个定位杆8达对侧皮肤,相应皮肤处做约1㎝~2㎝切口,自切口用骨膜剥离器建立肌下隧道,插入副锁定接骨板5,并将2个定位杆8套入相应副锁定接骨板5的副螺钉孔6内定位副锁定接骨板5,为便于操作,定位杆8一端可设计成L形;再在骨折线3另一侧的主锁定螺孔4上套筒钻孔后,分别拧入2个锁定螺钉2,其中一个锁定螺钉2拧入副锁定接骨板5的副锁定螺孔7内;然后,拔出套筒9与定位杆8,再分别拧入另2个锁定螺钉2至副锁定接骨板5上的副螺钉孔6内;且4个锁定螺钉2钉尖必须分别超过副锁定接骨板5上的副螺钉孔6和副锁定螺孔7;操作完毕;同时,也可通过加压孔10实现骨折端加压。相较普通锁定接骨板的微创植入,只增加了1个1㎝~2㎝的小切口。拆除锁定加压接骨板也很简单,先拆除主锁定加压接骨板1和锁定螺钉2后,只需做一个2㎝长切口,剥离后,就能拆除副锁定接骨板5。
由图8可知,本发明的主锁定加压接骨板1除通过加压孔10实现骨折端加压外,主要是通过副锁定接骨板5将应力均匀的沿主锁定加压接骨板1、副锁定接骨板5纵轴传导,完全消除了应力集中和遮挡,同时通过加压孔10可实现骨折端的加压。适用于上下肢骨干各型骨折,可取代目前各种接骨板。
实施例2:
由图9、图10、图11可知,本实施例主锁定加压接骨板1上设有8个主锁定螺孔4,其中1个为加压孔10,副锁定接骨板5上设有3个副螺钉孔6和1个副锁定螺孔7,其位置与大小与主锁定螺孔4对应,用于近关节各型骨折的内固定。
其操作方法余同实施例1。

Claims (4)

1.一种锁定加压接骨装置,它包括主锁定加压接骨板、锁定螺钉、套筒,主锁定加压接骨板上设有与锁定螺钉对应的主锁定螺孔,其特征是它还包括副锁定接骨板和与套筒对应的2个定位杆,所述副锁定接骨板与主锁定加压接骨板同时应用,副锁定接骨板上至少设有1个副锁定螺孔和1个副螺钉孔,所述副锁定螺孔、副螺钉孔与主锁定螺孔的位置、大小对应,应用时,所述副锁定螺孔、副螺钉孔分别分布在骨折线两侧;所述定位杆的外径与套筒内径相同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锁定加压接骨装置,其特征是所述副螺钉孔优选为3~5个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锁定加压接骨装置,其特征是所述主锁定加压接骨板上设有加压孔。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的锁定加压接骨装置,其特征是所述定位杆一端为尖端,另一端为L形。
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WO2023161863A1 (en) * 2022-02-25 2023-08-31 Yahalom Orit Bone setting device

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