CN105145095B - Capsicum is evaluated in different planting soils to the method for Cd resistances - Google Patents
Capsicum is evaluated in different planting soils to the method for Cd resistances Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses capsicum in a kind of different planting soils of evaluation to the method for Cd resistances, this method is included under acquisition natural conditions not by Cd contaminated soil samples；It prepares different pollution levels, different type Cd contaminated soils and fills basin；Pepper seedling is transplanted to respectively in the different pollution levels prepared, different type Cd contaminated soils, and Cultivate administration capsicum according to a conventional method；Test transplanting is planted in capsicum physical signs and morphological index in different soils；The anti-Cd coefficients of capsicum indices are calculated, and principal component analysis is carried out to it；Using capsicum in Subordinate Function overall merit difference Cd pollution levels and different planting soils to Cd resistances.The present invention can accurately, scientifically evaluate the difference of capsicum in different Cd pollution levels and different planting soil to Cd resistances, so as to provide theoretical foundation for pepper planting and soil improvement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural sciences, and in particular to be used to evaluate the different anti-Cd of planting soil chilli seedling to one kind
The method of property.
Background technology
Soil is the valuable source of agricultural production, but announced according to national environmental protection portion in 2014 with Ministry of Land and Resources
《National Soil Pollution Investigation bulletin》Know, China's soil environment situation totally allows of no optimist, wherein heavy metal contaminants
Using 82.8% point position exceeding standard rate as main soil environment problem.Relative to heavy metals such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium (Cadmium,
Cd) existence time is very long in the soil, and half-life period is up to 15-1000, and, activity and mobility higher to organismal toxicity
Also it is relatively strong.
Capsicum (Capsicum annum L. it is) the important industrial crops in China, about 30,000,000 mu of national cultivated area, kind
It plants area to occupy first of countries in the world, the output value occupies first in vegetables, rises in China's vegetables anniversary stable market supply is ensured important
Effect.Liu et al.（Liu HY,et al,2005）Report capsicum is Cd high enriched vegetable classes, not only can be tight after capsicum is polluted by Cd
Ghost image rings its mouthfeel, reduces its nutritive value and quality, and further can migrate and accumulate into human body by food chain, into
And it is detrimental to health.
Under Cd stress conditions, plant to the patience that Cd is poisoned because floristics, Cd concentration, soil types etc. exist kind in and
The difference of inter-species.China's soil types is various, is poisoned to reduce capsicum by Cd, need to consider Cd pollution concentrations when planting capsicum
And soil types.How accurately to evaluate capsicum in different pollution levels, different planting soil becomes the resistance of Cd that there is an urgent need for solutions
Key technology certainly.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：Accurately, one kind is scientifically provided for comparing different Cd pollution levels
With capsicum in different planting soils to the evaluation method of Cd resistances, murders by poisoning of the Cd to capsicum can be effectively reduced.
The invention is realized in this way：
1. basic ideas
It is different degrees of, plant the consistent pepper seedling of growing way in different type Cd contaminated soils, capsicum coerces 30 days, i.e.,
Occur starting to measure physical signs and morphological index, and calculate the anti-Cd coefficients of indices to first flower after capsicum transplanting,
Then to indices, anti-Cd coefficients carry out principal component analysis, finally by Subordinate Function it is accurate, synthetically evaluate different items
Capsicum is to the resistance of Cd under part.
2. the method for the present invention includes the following steps：
Step 1：It acquires under natural conditions not by Cd contaminated soil samples；
Step 2：It prepares different pollution levels, different type Cd contaminated soils and fills basin；
Step 3：Pepper seedling is transplanted to the different pollution levels prepared in step 2, different type Cd pollutions respectively
Soil in, and Cultivate administration capsicum according to a conventional method；
Step 4：Testing procedure 3 transplants capsicum physical signs and the morphological index being planted in different soils；
Step 5：The anti-Cd coefficients of capsicum indices are calculated, and principal component analysis is carried out to it；
Step 6：Cd is resisted using capsicum in Subordinate Function overall merit difference Cd pollution levels and different planting soils
Property.
Wherein, it is described to prepare different pollution levels, different type Cd contaminated soils and fill basin and include the following steps：
The preparation of Cd contaminated soils：By soil types packet layout pot experiment, every group of experiment is by default addition Cd2+Concentration
Setting is handled, and each processing is repeated 3 times；Then by CdCl2•2.5H2O analysis it is pure is dissolved in ultra-pure water, then with Sprayable by its
Uniformly it is sprayed in soil sample and is sufficiently stirred；
Cd contaminated soils fill basin:The Cd contaminated soils loading of preparation through diluted acid is impregnated and is rinsed well, with pallet
In plastic tub alms bowl, basin alms bowl size is 20cm × 25cm, the dress soil 3.5kg per basin.
Wherein, capsicum cultivates seedling before transplanting by floating seedlings method in step 3, when it grows 6 true leaves, carries out
Hardening is simultaneously selected pepper plant healthy and strong, that growing way is consistent and is transplanted in different pollution levels, different type Cd contaminated soils.
Wherein, capsicum physical signs includes SOD, POD, MDA and root activity in step 4, and capsicum morphological index includes strain
High, biomass and root/shoot ratio.
Wherein, it is as follows that the anti-Cd coefficient methods of capsicum indices are calculated in step 5：According to formula A%=（Cd Stress treatments are surveyed
Definite value/blank determination value）× 100% calculates the anti-Cd coefficients of each single index of capsicum；Principal component analytical method is as follows：It is soft using DPS
The anti-Cd coefficients of part or SPSS softwares each single index to capsicum carry out principal component analysis, are more than 1 principle according to minimal features value,
It chooses the new anti-Cd that is used for and evaluates overall target.
Wherein, Subordinate Function described in step 6 includes the following steps：
First according to formula U（x）=(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin),（i=1,2,......n）Calculate new overall target
Membership function value, further according to formula W i=Pi/ ∑s Pi（i=1,2,......n）The weight of each overall target is calculated, then basis
Formula D=∑ [U（x）× Wi], (i=1,2 ... it is comprehensive n) to calculate capsicum in different Cd pollution levels, different planting soil types
The size of anti-Cd abilities is closed, finally Cd is resisted according to capsicum in D value accurate judgement difference Cd pollution levels and different planting soils
Property；
U in formula（x）Represent the membership function value of i-th of overall target；Xi represents i-th of overall target score value；Xmax、
Xmin represents i-th factor score maximum value, minimum value respectively；Wi represents i-th of overall target in all overall targets
Significance level；Pi is the contribution rate of i-th of overall target；D values anti-Cd synthesis under the conditions of certain soil Cd murders by poisoning for capsicum
Evaluation of estimate.
It, being capable of the different Cd pollution levels of scientific and effective judgement and different planting soils as a result of technical scheme of the present invention
Capsicum so as to purposefully select the planting soil of capsicum, and provides and soil is improved to the difference of Cd resistances in earth
Theoretical foundation, so as to effectively reduce murders by poisoning of the Cd to capsicum in actual production, improve pepper planting benefit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment：
Technical scheme of the present invention includes the following steps：
(1) acquisition of pedotheque：The Different Soil sample not polluted under random mixing acquisition natural conditions by Cd,
It air-dries, be sieved, saved backup after removal of impurities.
(2) preparation of Cd contaminated soils：N group pot experiments are arranged by soil types, and every group of experiment is by default addition Cd2+It is dense
Setting processing is spent, each processing is repeated 3 times.Then according to actual demand, by CdCl2•2.5H2O analyses are pure to be dissolved in ultra-pure water, so
It is uniformly sprayed in soil sample and is sufficiently stirred with Sprayable afterwards.
(3) Cd contaminated soils dress basin:Soil loading prepared by (2) is impregnated through diluted acid and is rinsed well, with pallet
（The Cd solution leaked out is received, to refund the accuracy that basin alms bowl prevents Cd liquid leaching loss from influencing result of the test）Plastic tub
In alms bowl, basin alms bowl size is 20cm × 25cm, the dress soil 3.5kg per basin.
(4) pepper seedling raising, transplanting and management：Pepper seedling is cultivated by floating seedlings method, when it grows 6 true leaves,
Hardening is carried out and selects pepper plant healthy and strong, that growing way is consistent to be transplanted in different Cd concentration potting soils, per 2 plants of basin.Capsicum
Growth period is poured with tap water, and Cd contents do not detect in water, and routinely way to manage fertilising, prevention pest and disease damage.
(5) capsicum physical signs and plant height, biomass, root/shoot ratio etc. are tested：It is write with reference to Hao Jianjun etc.《Plant physiology
Experimental technique》Method measures every physical signs such as capsicum SOD, POD, MDA, root activity.Capsicum basal part of stem is measured with ruler
To the height of growing point, it is denoted as capsicum plant height.Pepper root, stem, leaf dry weight are measured with weighting method after dried, as pepper root, stem, leaf
Biomass.Root/shoot ratio=capsicum root dry weight/cauline leaf dry weight × 100%.
(6) the anti-Cd coefficients of single index are calculated：According to formula A%=（Cd Stress treatments measured value/blank determination value）×
100% calculates the anti-Cd coefficients of each single index of capsicum.
(7) principal component analysis：Using the anti-Cd coefficients of DPS softwares or SPSS softwares each single index to capsicum carry out it is main into
Analysis is more than 1 principle according to minimal features value, chooses the new anti-Cd that is used for and evaluates overall target.
(8) overall merit：First according to formula U（x）=(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin),（i=1,2,......n）It calculates
The membership function value of new overall target, further according to formula W i=Pi/ ∑s Pi（i=1,2,......n）Calculate each overall target
Weight, then according to formula D=∑ [U（x）× Wi], (i=1,2 ... n) calculate different Cd pollution levels, different planting soils
Capsicum integrates the size of anti-Cd abilities in earth type, finally according to D value accurate judgement difference Cd pollution levels and different planting soils
Capsicum is to Cd resistances in earth.
U in formula（x）Represent the membership function value of i-th of overall target；Xi represents i-th of overall target score value；Xmax、
Xmin represents i-th factor score maximum value, minimum value respectively.Wi represents i-th of overall target in all overall targets
Significance level；Pi is the contribution rate of i-th of overall target.D values anti-Cd synthesis under the conditions of certain soil Cd murders by poisoning for capsicum
Evaluation of estimate.
Embodiment 1：The anti-Cd of Guizhou typical case's yellow earth and rendzinas pepper seedling is evaluated
1. material to be tested
It is capsicum annum fasciculatum 8024 for examination capsicum, is provided by Guizhou Pepper Research Institute.
The farming yellow earth in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Qingzhen City Shiguan village of Green Dragon subdistrict office is picked up from for examination soil（N:26º34
', E:106 º30´）And rendzinas（N:26o34 ', E:106 º31´）.The mixed soil sample of 0~20cm of random acquisition surface layer,
To avoid causing soil secondary pollution, with stainless steel shovel during sampling, and pedotheque is contained with clean woven bag.Sample is adopted back
5mm stainless steels are crossed after natural air drying afterwards to sieve and remove root system of plant, are saved backup.1 is shown in Table for examination soil physico-chemical property.
2. test method
（1）The preparation of Cd contaminated soils and dress basin：
In April, 2014 arranges 2 groups of pot experiments, every group of experiment in solarium of Guizhou Pepper Research Institute by soil types
By addition Cd2+Concentration is divided into 5 processing（T0=0mg/kg, T1=0.5mg/kg,T2=1.0mg/kg,T3=2.5mg/kg,T4=
5.0mg/kg）.Each 3 repetitions of processing, completely randomized design.According to the preset concentration of experiment, by CdCl2·2.5H2O is analyzed
It is pure to be dissolved in ultra-pure water, then it is uniformly sprayed in soil sample with Sprayable.Soil sample is packed into after being sufficiently stirred and is soaked through diluted acid
It steeps and rinses well, with pallet（The soil liquid leaked out is received, prevents Cd liquid leaching loss from influencing examination to refund basin alms bowl
Test the accuracy of result）Plastic tub alms bowl in, basin alms bowl size is 20cm × 25cm, the dress soil 3.5kg per basin.Then, basin alms bowl is moved
Enter indoor standing two weeks, keep soil moisture content 70% or so of field capacity.
（2）Nursery：According to disclosed in Chinese patent literature《The production method of float seedling matrix for hot pepper》（Patent discloses
Number：CN 101779591 B）Prepare seedling medium, nursery is carried out using capsicum floating seedlings technology.
（3）Capsicum transplants and management：When seedling grows 6 true leaves, carry out hardening and select consistent peppery of healthy and strong, growing way
Pepper plant is transplanted in different Cd concentration potting soils, per 2 plants of basin.It is poured during chili growth with tap water, Cd contents in water
It does not detect, and routinely way to manage fertilising, prevention pest and disease damage.
（4）Sample test：Soil pH flooding-pH meter, organic matter potassium dichromate oxidation Outside Heating Method, Cd are total
Amount HNO3- HF digestion methods；Capsicum plant height is measured with ruler, biomass weighting method after dried, root activity chlorinated triphenyl base
Tetrazole method, MDA thiobarbituric acid reaction methods, SOD are with nitroblue tetrazolium photochemical reduction method, POD guaiacol methods.
4. evaluation of resistance
(1) according to capsicum indices（Plant height, root biomass, stem biomass, Leaf biomass, root/shoot ratio, MDA, SOD,
POD）Measured value, with formula A%=（Cd Stress treatments measured value/blank determination value）× 100% calculates each anti-Cd systems of single index
Number.
(2) principal component analysis is carried out to the anti-Cd coefficients of 8 single indexs of capsicum using DPS softwares, according to minimal features
Value is more than 1 principle, and 3 overall targets before selection, their contribution rate is respectively 53.36%, 24.27%, 12.89%, accumulation contribution
Rate is up to 90.52%.By the coefficient of each overall target it is found that the 1st overall target includes the anti-Cd of plant height, root biomass, POD activity
Coefficient, the 2nd overall target include the anti-Cd coefficients of Leaf biomass, the 3rd overall target include stem biomass, root/shoot ratio, MDA and
The anti-Cd coefficients of SOD activity.Thus 8 single indexs are converted to 3 new mutually independent overall targets, and represented
The information of originally 8 indexs 90.52%.
(3) overall merit：First according to formula U（x）=(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin),（i=1,2,3）Calculate newly comprehensive
The membership function value of index is closed, further according to formula W i=Pi/ ∑s Pi（i=1,2,3）The weight of each overall target is calculated, then basis
Formula D=∑ [U（x）× Wi], (i=1,2,3) calculates capsicum in different Cd pollution levels, different planting soil types and integrates anti-Cd
The size of ability.Each result of calculation is shown in Table 2.
According to capsicum in D values accurate judgement difference Cd pollution levels in table 2 and different planting soils to Cd resistances.By table 2
Find out, under the conditions of different Cd pollution levels, plant in yellow earth capsicum significantly than the resistance in rendzinas.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of evaluate in different planting soils capsicum to the method for Cd resistances, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
Step 1：It acquires under natural conditions not by Cd contaminated soil samples；
Step 2：It prepares different pollution levels, different type Cd contaminated soils and fills basin；
Step 3：Pepper seedling is transplanted to the different pollution levels prepared in step 2, the soil of different type Cd pollutions respectively
In earth, and Cultivate administration capsicum according to a conventional method；
Step 4：Testing procedure 3 transplants capsicum physical signs and the morphological index being planted in different soils；
Step 5：The anti-Cd coefficients of capsicum indices are calculated, and principal component analysis is carried out to it；
Step 6：Using capsicum in Subordinate Function overall merit difference Cd pollution levels and Different Soil to Cd resistances；
It is described to prepare different pollution levels, different type Cd contaminated soils and fill basin and include the following steps：
The preparation of Cd contaminated soils：By soil types packet layout pot experiment, every group of experiment is by default addition Cd2+Concentration is set
Processing, each processing are repeated 3 times；Then by CdCl2·2.5H2O analyses are pure to be dissolved in ultra-pure water, then with Sprayable that it is equal
It is even to be sprayed in soil sample and be sufficiently stirred；
Cd contaminated soils fill basin:The Cd contaminated soils loading of preparation is impregnated through diluted acid and rinsed well, the plastics with pallet
In basin alms bowl, basin alms bowl size is 20cm × 25cm, the dress soil 3.5kg per basin；Capsicum is trained before transplanting by floating seedlings method in step 3
It raises an infant seedling, when it grows 6 true leaves, carries out hardening and select pepper plant healthy and strong, that growing way is consistent to be transplanted to different pollutions
In degree, different type Cd contaminated soils；
It is as follows that the anti-Cd coefficient methods of capsicum indices are calculated in step 5：According to formula A%=(Cd Stress treatments measured values/right
According to measured value) × 100% calculate the anti-Cd coefficients of each single index of capsicum；Principal component analytical method is as follows：Using DPS softwares or
The anti-Cd coefficients of SPSS softwares each single index to capsicum carry out principal component analysis, are more than 1 principle according to minimal features value, choose
New evaluates overall target for anti-Cd；
Subordinate Function described in step 6 includes the following steps：
First according to formula U (x)=(Xi-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin), (i=1,2 ... it n) calculates and new is commented for anti-Cd
The membership function value of valency overall target, further according to formula W i=Pi/ ∑s Pi (i=1,2 ... n) calculate each overall target
Weight, then according to formula D=∑s [U (x) × Wi], (i=1,2 ... n) calculate different Cd pollution levels, different plantations
Capsicum integrates the size of anti-Cd abilities in soil types, finally according to D value accurate judgement difference Cd pollution levels and different type
Capsicum is to Cd resistances in soil；
Wherein, U (x) represents the membership function value of i-th of overall target；Xi represents i-th of overall target score value；Xmax、
Xmin represents i-th factor score maximum value, minimum value respectively；Wi represents i-th of overall target in all overall targets
Significance level；Pi is the contribution rate of i-th of overall target；D values anti-Cd synthesis under the conditions of certain soil Cd murders by poisoning for capsicum
Evaluation of estimate.
2. capsicum is to the method for Cd resistances in the different planting soils of evaluation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step
Capsicum physical signs includes SOD, POD, MDA and root activity in 4, and capsicum morphological index includes plant height, biomass and root/shoot ratio.
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| CN107439179A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-12-08 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | The screening technique of nutritional factors needed for cultivation of container seedling and the container seedling obtained using it |
| CN109490185B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-06-29 | 宁夏大学 | Coal base tree species dust resistance evaluation method and dust resistance tree species selection method |
| CN113419052A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏大学 | Method for evaluating micro-plastic pollution level based on plant physiological indexes |
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