CN105143500B

CN105143500B - Optics painting method, equipment and product

Info

Publication number: CN105143500B
Application number: CN201380060386.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: C·M·李; 卢小锋; M·X·欧阳; 张军红
Original assignee: Corning Inc
Current assignee: Corning Inc
Priority date: 2012-10-04
Filing date: 2013-05-30
Publication date: 2017-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 2033-05-30
Also published as: TW201811708A; CN105143500A; TWI646063B; TWI680111B; TW201920041A; TWI706921B; TW201414688A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing glassware of improvement, the glassware has optical coating and the coating easy to clean on the optical coating, is related to a kind of device for implementing said method and the product prepared using methods described.In particular it relates to a kind of method, wherein single equipment can be used sequentially to apply the optical coating and coating easy to clean.Using the combination of coating equipment as described herein and substrate carrier, there is the glassware of optical coating and coating easy to clean simultaneously, the glassware has improved scratch-resistant durability and optical property, resulting product is " being free of shade " in addition.

Description

Optics painting method, equipment and product

The cross reference of related application

The application is U.S. Non-provisional Patent application number 13/690829, the entitled " optics submitted on November 30th, 2012 Continue the part of painting method, equipment and product (Optical Coating Method, Apparatus and Product) " Application, it requires its entitled " the optics coating side of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/709423 submitted on October 4th, 2012 Method, equipment and product (Optical Coating Method, Apparatus and Product) " and November 30 in 2012 The U.S. Non-provisional Patent application number 13/690,904 of submission and entitled " it is used to prepare the glass with optics and coating easy to clean Method (the Process for Making of Glass Articles with Optical and Easy-To- of glass product Clean Coatings) " priority, the application based on these documents and by more than each literary full content pass through quote Include herein.

Field

The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing glassware, the glassware has optical coating and described (ETC) coating easy to clean on optical coating, is related to a kind of device for implementing said method and is prepared using methods described Product.In particular it relates to a kind of method, wherein identical equipment can be used sequentially to apply the optical coating With ETC coatings.

Background

Glass is particularly the display that chemical enhanced glass has become many (if not majority) consumers The material selection of screen.For example, chemical enhanced glass is particularly subject to " touch " showing appreciation for somebody for screen products, miscellaneous goods whether they are from such as Mobile phone, music player, E-book reader and electronic memo, still bigger product such as computer, automatic vending machine, machine The field kiosks electronic product similar with other.Many requirements in these products apply antireflective (" AR ") on glass Coating, to reduce the visible ray from glass-reflected, thus improves contrast and readability, for example when under direct sunlight using should During device.But, some shortcomings of AR coatings are its sensitiveness, scratch-resistant durability that it is bad to surface contamination, that is, are existed AR coatings are easily scraped in use, for example, wiped off by the dust and dirt in cleaning wiping cloth or user's finger.The table coated in AR Fingerprint and stain on face are readily apparent, and are always not easy to remove.As a result, it would be highly desirable to any touch device Glass surface is easy to clean, and this can be realized by the way that (ETC) coating easy to clean is applied to glass surface.It is applied to glass table Face is realized.

For preparing while the existing method requirement with antireflection coatings and ETC coatings is applied using different equipment The coating, it is therefore desirable to use separated manufacturing process.Basic step is that antireflective (" AR ") coating is applied to glassware, For example using chemical vapor deposition (" CVD ") or physical vapour deposition (PVD) (" PVD ") method.In conventional method, optics is applied The product (such as the product with AR coatings) covered, is transferred to another equipment, to be applied in AR coating tops from optics coating equipment Apply ETC coatings.Although these methods can be prepared while having the product of AR coatings and ETC coatings, they need independent technique And there is higher loss of yield because needing extra processing.Because extra between AR coatings and ETC coating steps plus Work pollutes, and this can cause the inferior reliability of final products.For example, being applied using conventional ETC coatings being coated to optics The product that 2- step painting methods on layer are obtained easily is scratched in touch-screen applications.In addition, although ETC coatings can applied The surface of cleaning AR coatings, but this is related to additional step in a manufacturing method before.All extra steps increase products into This.Accordingly, it would be desirable to which alternative method and apparatus, by methods described and equipment, can be used identical basic step and equipment To apply two kinds of coatings, manufacturing cost is thus reduced.Advantage as described herein and products obtained therefrom are by following paragraph and right It is required that in be described in detail.

General introduction

In one or more embodiments, the present invention is provided to the substrate carrier of substrate is fixed in coating procedure. The substrate carrier may include substrate carrier pedestal, and its substrate for including arrest surface, bottom surface and being arranged on arrest surface stops Stay region.The region in substrate dwell region is smaller than the region of arrest surface.Substrate carrier, which may also include, is attached to substrate carrier Multiple magnets of the bottom surface of pedestal, and be arranged on beyond substrate dwell zone perimeters., can be by one or more embodiments Adhesive material is arranged on above the arrest surface in substrate dwell region, for releasedly by least one substrate to be coated Fixed to arrest surface.Adhesive material may include contact adhesive.In a kind of variant, adhesive material may include acrylic acid Class adhesive, rubber adhesive and/or silicone adhesive agent.Optionally, it can set poly- between arrest surface and adhesive material Compound film.

The substrate carrier may include multiple pins, for supporting the substrate being arranged on arrest surface.Optionally, substrate Carrier may include spring system, and it includes the retractable pin by spring fix in position, when substrate is arranged on arrest surface When the spring offset retractable pin to contact substrate, and stop from multiple sides that substrate carrier pedestal extends certain distance Shotpin, so that multiple sides stop the top of pin below the top surface of substrate when substrate is arranged on multiple pins. In a kind of variant, substrate carrier may include housing and retractable pin be arranged within housing, wherein retractable pin By spring fix in position, when substrate is arranged on arrest surface retractable pin outwards offset from housing and contact substrate with And when substrate is arranged on arrest surface for fixing multiple moveable pins of edges of substrate.In another variant In, the position of multiple pins is adjustable, to accommodate the substrate of different shape and size.

Also in another embodiment, the present invention is provided to the coating equipment of coated substrate.The coating equipment can Including vacuum chamber and rotatable dome, it is arranged in vacuum chamber, and including magnetic material.Plasma source may be provided at very Within empty room, and substantially vertical orientation, so that plasma is directed on the bottom surface of rotatable dome, its plasma Source be arranged on below rotatable dome and from the rotation axis of rotatable dome radially outward, so as to launch from plasma The plasma in body source incides rotatable from the outward flange of at least rotatable dome to the center of at least rotatable dome Dome bottom surface on.In one or more embodiments, between rotatable dome rotation axis and plasma source Distance is more than (projected) the distance between circumference and plasma source of the projection of rotatable dome.Coating equipment can The thermal evaporation sources in vacuum chamber are arranged on including at least one.

Coating equipment optionally includes at least one electron beam source, and it is arranged in vacuum chamber and is orientated electron beam to draw Lead on the coating source material being arranged in vacuum chamber.Coating equipment may include the second electron beam source in vacuum chamber.Second Electron beam source can be orientated, so that the second electron beam is directed on the coating source material being arranged in vacuum chamber.

In another selection, coating equipment may include that at least one adjustable shade being arranged within vacuum chamber is covered Mould.Shadow mask at least one of which shadow mask can be located between at least one electron beam source and rotatable dome Extended position and wherein at least one shadow mask are not located at returning between at least one electron beam source and rotatable dome Condense and adjusted between putting.In one or more embodiments, it may include the second shadow mask.In this embodiment, Two shadow masks can be located between the second electron beam source and rotatable dome.

The coating equipment may include rotatable dome, and it includes the opening of rotatable dome center of top, covering The transparent glass plate of the opening of rotatable dome, and monitor, the monitor, which is located in the opening of transparent glass plate, to be used The sedimentation rate of the coating material deposited in monitoring vacuum chamber.Can in the transparency glass plate arrangement above optical fiber, wherein when When coating the transparency glass plate, the optical fiber collects the light from transparency glass plate reflection to determine the transparency glass plate Reflectivity changes, and thus determine and be applied to the coating layer thickness of the transparency glass plate.

Also in another embodiment, the present invention is provided to the coating equipment of coated substrate.The coating equipment can Including vacuum chamber and the rotatable dome being arranged in vacuum chamber.Rotatable dome can be built by magnetic material.It is described to set It is standby to may also include at least one substrate carrier, for being connected to rotatable dome.At least one described substrate carrier may include Substrate carrier pedestal, its substrate dwell region for including arrest surface, bottom surface and being arranged on arrest surface.Can be multiple magnets The bottom surface of substrate carrier pedestal is attached to, and is arranged on beyond substrate dwell zone perimeters.Adhesive material may be provided at substrate Above the arrest surface of dwell regions, for being releasably secured to a few substrate to be coated.The coating equipment can be wrapped Plasma source is included, the plasma source is arranged within vacuum chamber, and substantially vertical orientation, so that plasma is directed to On the bottom surface of rotatable dome, wherein, plasma source is arranged on below rotatable dome and from rotatable dome Rotation axis radially outward so that launch from the plasma of plasma source from the outward flange of at least rotatable dome to Incide on the bottom surface of rotatable dome in the center of at least rotatable dome.In a kind of variant, rotatable dome rotation The distance between shaft axis and plasma source be more than rotatable dome projection circumference and plasma source between away from From.The coating equipment may include to be arranged in vacuum chamber and be orientated to guide to being arranged in vacuum chamber the first electron beam The first electron beam source on first coating source material and it is arranged in vacuum chamber and is orientated the second electron beam to guide to setting The second electron beam source on second coating source material in vacuum chamber.High index of refraction, second can be presented in first coating source material Low-refraction or medium refractive index can be presented in coating source material.The coating equipment may include that at least one adjustable is arranged on Shadow mask within vacuum chamber.Shadow mask at least one of which shadow mask can be located at the first electron beam source and second The extended position and wherein at least one shadow mask of at least one in electron beam source between rotatable dome not position Adjusted between advanced position between the first electron beam source or the second electron beam source and rotatable dome.

Other feature and advantage of the method for the invention, Partial Feature therein are proposed in the following detailed description With advantage to those skilled in the art, it is easy for finding out according to being described, or by implementing to include in detailed below Invention as described herein including description, claims and accompanying drawing and be realized.

It should be understood that foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments, for providing reason The claimed property of theme of solution and the overview of characteristic or framework.Including accompanying drawing provide to various embodiments It is further understood from, accompanying drawing is incorporated in the present specification and constitutes a part for specification.Accompanying drawing is illustrated with graphic form Various embodiments described herein, and be used for together with specification explaining principle and the operation of claimed theme.

Brief Description Of Drawings

Figure 1A is the schematic diagram of the coating equipment 100 according to one or more embodiments as described herein；

Figure 1B schematically shows the zoomed-in view of glass plate 116, and shows for accommodating opening for quartz monitor Mouth 116a；

Fig. 1 C schematically show the zoomed-in view of glass plate, and the glass plate, which has, to be received within the opening Quartz monitor and optical fiber, quartz monitor and optical fiber all are used for measuring and control to deposit to optical coating material being connected to lining In the glass substrate of bottom carrier；

Fig. 2 is picture, it is shown that through the top view of the dome of a part for the coating equipment shown in Figure 1A, it is shown that magnetic Property it is connected to multiple substrate carriers of the dome；

Fig. 3 A schematically show the inclined side cross-sectional view of the dome fragment of the coating equipment shown in Figure 1A, there is many Individual substrate carrier is magnetically connected to the dome；

Fig. 3 B schematically show support dome fragment 110a framework；Framework 160 includes external lip/wheel rim 161 (also As shown in Figure 3A), the inside wheel rim (unnumbered) and live spindle 117 at opening 164 may be connected to the opening 164 and (do not show Show), and multiple spokes 162, the width of the spoke 162 is enough to accommodate the lateral edge for the dome fragment for being shown as 168；

Fig. 4 A schematically show non-magnetic substrate carrier 130, and it, which has, is used to the carrier magnetically be connected to vault Top 110 and the multiple element 134 that glass substrate/product 140 is fixed in coating procedure；

Fig. 4 B are Fig. 4 A side views, it is shown that be placed on from the substrate carrier surface 130a and extend at a certain distance Enter glass substrate 140 on the pin 136 of substrate carrier pedestal 130, from the surface 130a extensions of substrate carrier 130 and with more than Pedestal 130b distance extends to the top apart from glassware 140 through the magnet 134 of pedestal extension, from the pedestal of carrier 130 The side that portion surface 140a has certain distance stops pin 150；

Fig. 4 C show the bottom view of substrate carrier pedestal 131, it is shown that the circumference positioned at substrate dwell region 141 Magnet 134 beyond 142；

Fig. 5 schematically shows one kind in the pin 138a and 138b of fixed glass substrate 140, by being loaded in pin The power that adjustable spring on nail 138a heads on the application of glass substrate 140 fixes the glass substrate 140 to head on the pin, with And the edge 141 (being chamfered edge in this case) with the shaping of dowel contact；

Fig. 6 shows the substrate carrier 130 for being connected to dome 110, so that contractile pin 138A is arranged to vertically In direction of rotation, i.e., the top T of dome 110 more closer than pin 138b (also as shown in Figure 6) opening；

Fig. 7 a-c schematically show the graft reaction of fluorinated silane and glass or oxide AR coatings；

Fig. 8 shows the AR optical coatings below ETC coatings, and it is used for providing insulating glass surface chemistry and pollution Barrier, and be also used for providing the site with more low-activation energy, fluorinated silane is connected chemically with maximum coating density It is crosslinked to AR optical coatings and on the coated surface, so as to maximize wear reliability (durability)；

Fig. 9 is shown for optical fiber 206 and some other application, AR-ETC coatings GRIN eyeglasses 208；

Figure 10 is compared with 6 layers of ARC (Nb₂O₅/SiO₂) PVD 8-10nmETC on coating glassware and only There is the wear test data of the glassware of the ETC coatings of spraying；

Figure 11 is compared with 6 layers of PVD IAD-EB AR coatings and the 8-10nm heat depositions for being deposited on the AR coating tops ETC coatings glassware, relative to the PVD AR coatings deposited in the first conventional coating machine and conventional second The wear reliability of the ETC deposited in coating machine glassware；

Figure 12 is the glassware that is coated with AR coatings and ETC coatings in 6,000 (K), 7K, and the % after 8K and 9K wiping is anti- Penetrate picture of the rate relative to wavelength；

Figure 13 is the glassware with AR coatings and ETC coatings in 6K, 7K, 8K and the % transmissivity phases after wiping for 9K times For the picture of wavelength；

Figure 14 is images of the reflectivity % relative to wavelength, it is shown that relative to the glass without AR coatings, AR coatings/cycle Influence of the number to reflectivity；

Figure 15 shows the adjustable magnetic carrier 130a for being substantially similar to the carrier 130 shown in Fig. 4 A so that energy Single carrier is used for various sizes of substrate；

Figure 16 A show prior art, with for the dome carrier for the multiple openings 302 for placing eyeglass to be coated 300；

Figure 16 B show the eyeglass 304 that the shoulder 306 of a carrier 30 as one kind 0 from the inner side of opening 302 slides, and eyeglass 304, which is in, works as The position that carrier 30 as one kind 0 can be crushed when cooling down；

Figure 17 A show a kind of embodiment of coating equipment, and it has the shadow mask of covering dome selection area, from And improve the uniformity of optical coating；

Figure 17 B are to show picture of the water contact angle relative to abrasion cycles, it is shown that use the mask institute shown in Figure 17 A The improvement of acquisition；

Figure 18 is with 6 layers of AR coatings (Nb₂O₅/SiO₂) and ETC coatings coating and AR coatings thickness change be 2% glass The reflectivity (y-axis) of glass substrate with the change of wavelength (x-axis) simulation；

Figure 19 is graphically shown with 6 layers of AR coatings (Nb₂O₅/SiO₂) and the coating of ETC coatings multiple actual samples Reflectivity (y-axis) with wavelength change；

Figure 20 A schematically show the arrest surface 131a of substrate carrier, are being provided with a layer of adhesive material 143；

Figure 20 B schematically show the cross section of substrate carrier, and it has the polymer being arranged on substrate carrier pedestal Film 144 and adhesive phase 143；

Figure 21 A schematically show a kind of vertical cross-section of embodiment of coating equipment；

Figure 21 B schematically show the horizontal cross-section of coating equipment shown in Figure 21 A；With

The change of Figure 22 graphic software platforms coating layer thickness is with coating source and the change of the relative position of coated substrate.

It is described in detail

The glassware coated as shown in drawings, with optical coating and coating easy to clean with detailed reference to example now with And for the embodiment for the method and apparatus for forming the glassware.Whenever possible, in all of the figs using identical Reference represent same or similar part.Figure 1A schematically shows a kind of embodiment of coating equipment.Apply Coating equipment generally includes vacuum chamber, and interior is provided with magnetic dome.Coating equipment also include electron beam source, thermal evaporation sources and wait from Daughter source.Glass substrate to be coated can be by being magnetically connected to the bottom surface of dome, and electron beam source and thermal evaporation can be used Source coats the glass substrate with optical coating and ETC coatings respectively.In some embodiments, plasma source can be used to densification Change the optical coating material of deposition.Hereinafter with reference to specific accompanying drawing, it is described more fully for optical coating and ETC to be applied Layer is applied to the various embodiments of the apparatus and method of glass substrate successively.

" method (process) and " method (method) " are used interchangeably the terms.In addition, this paper term " nothing Shade " and " without shade " refer to optical coating and be uniformly deposited on the integral surface of glass substrate so that when observation tool When having the glassware of the coating deposited using methods and apparatuses described herein, it is not observed with using normal optical Shade is observed on the glassware of optical coating prepared by coating process and equipment.When coated substrate area shields the lining Basal surface, when preventing it from depositing optical layers material, the shade observed on the glassware for appearing in conventional coating.In neighbour It is near to be used in coating procedure at the element of coated substrate fix in position or for coated carrier and element These shades are frequently observed on the substrate carrier of transmission discrepancy coating machine.

This paper used interchangeablies term " glassware " and " glass substrate ", and be often referred to use methods and apparatuses described herein Any glass article of coating.

The present invention relates to a kind of method, wherein can the step of sequentially in (that is, first apply optical coating and then in institute State and ETC coatings applied on optical coating) use substantially the same process optical coating (as included high index of refraction and low refraction The AR coatings of the alternating layer of rate material) and ETC coatings (such as perfluoroalkyl silanes coating) be applied to glass substrate, and applying Random time when applying the optical coating and ETC coatings is exposed to air or ambiance all without product.Reliable ETC Coating provides lubrication for one or more surfaces of glass, transparent conducting coating (TCC) and optical coating.In addition, such as Figure 10,11 It is graphically shown with 17B, by using the glass and optical coating of situ study (wherein sequentially applying coating) formation Upper 10 times good than conventional application method of wear resistance, or it is well upper 100-1000 times than the AR coatings without ETC coatings.Use this The technology of kind, can be thought of as ETC coatings a part for optical coating during design, such ETC coatings will not change required optics Performance.Glassware as described herein is all free of shade in the glass surface that all optics are coated.

One specific example of in-situ method is box coating machine as schematically shown in figure 1a.Box coating machine, which is equipped with, to be used for Electron beam (e- beams) source of optical coating material, thermal evaporation sources and ion beam or plasma for ETC coating materials Source, the ion beam or plasma are used for cleaning surface before coating and compress optical coating to increase painting in coating The smoothness of layer density and coating surface.

Optical coating includes high, medium or low-index material.It is more than or equal to 1.7 with refractive index and is less than or equal to 3.0 example high-index material includes：ZrO₂,HfO₂,Ta₂O₅,Nb₂O₅,TiO₂,Y₂O₃,Si₃N₄,SrTiO₃And WO₃；Have Refractive index n is more than or equal to 1.5 and the example medium-index materials less than 1.7 are Al₂O₃；It is more than or equal to refractive index n 1.3 and include less than or equal to 1.6 example low-index material：SiO₂,MgF₂,YF₃And YbF₃.It is deposited on the light on substrate Learning coating stacks includes at least one material/layer, to provide special optical function.In most cases, high and low folding The rate material of penetrating can be used to design the filter (including AR coatings) of complexity, such as using HfO₂As high-index material and SiO₂It is used as low-index material.Include ITO (tin indium oxide), AZO suitable for TCC (two component coatings) material of the coating (zinc oxide of Al doping), IZO (indium oxide stable Zn), In₂O₃With similar two-spot and ternary compound.

In some embodiments, using PVD coatings (sputtering or IAD-EB coatings optical coating and ETC coatings Thermal evaporation) apply optical coating.PVD is a kind of " cold " process, and wherein substrate temperature is less than 100 DEG C.Therefore, this will not Reduce the intensity of chemical enhanced or tempering the glass substrate of coating to be applied.

In embodiment as described herein, for preparing the glass as described herein without shade, optics and ETC coatings The glass of product can be the glass of ion exchange or the glass of nonionic exchange.Exemplary glass include silica glass, Alumina silicate glass, borosilicate glass, aluminium borosilicate glass and soda-lime glass.The thickness range of glassware is 0.2 milli - 1.5 millimeters of rice, and length and width is suitable to expected purpose.The length and width of glassware, can be from the length and width of mobile phone Degree changes to the length and width of notebook, or bigger.

Optical coating as referred to herein includes the neutral minute surface in antireflection coatings (AR coatings), bandpass optical filter coating, edge Coating and beam separator, multilayer highly reflective coating and edge filter, as described below：H. Angus Macleod (H.Angus Macleod's)《Thin film filter》(Thin Film Optical Filters), the 3rd edition, Institute of Physics Publishing (Institute of Physics Publishing) Bristols (Bristol) and Philadelphia (Philadelphia), 2001.Include display, camera lens, communication part, instrument, Medical Devices, light-induced variable using the application of this optical coating Color equipment, electrochromic device, optoelectronic device and other elements and equipment.

The alternating layer of high and low-index material can be used to form optical coating, such as ultraviolet (" UV "), visible The antireflective of (" VIS ") and infrared (" IR ") application or anti-dazzle.Various methods can be used to carry out depositing optical layers.Use herein PVD methods (that is, the electron beam deposition of ion auxiliary) carry out depositing optical layers as exemplary method.The optical coating is included extremely A few floor height refraction materials H and at least one layer of low-index material L.Laminated coating is by multiple alternate high and low-index layers Such as HL, HL, HL ... are waited or LH, LH, LH ... wait composition.A pair of HL layers (or LH layers) are referred to as " cycle " or " applied The layer cycle ".Medium-index materials M may be substituted for the low-index material in all or some low-index layers.As herein Used, term " refractive index (index) " refers to the refractive index of material.In laminated coating, the number in cycle may depend on expection The function of product and it is widely varied.For example, for AR coatings, the number range in cycle can be more than or equal to 2 and be less than or equal to 20.Can also be optional SiO₂Final capping layer deposits to AR coating tops as end layer.Various technologies can be used to come ETC Material is deposited at the top of optical coating, and without optical coating is exposed in ambiance, the technology includes, but are not limited to： Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or ald (ALD).

The optical coating as described herein being deposited in the glass substrate can be multilayer optical coating, and it is included at least The high-index material and low-index material in one cycle.High-index material may be selected from：ZrO₂,HfO₂,Ta₂O₅,Nb₂O₅, TiO₂,Y₂O₃,Si₃N₄,SrTiO₃And WO₃；It however, it should be understood that and other suitable high-index materials can be used.Low-refraction material Material may be selected from the following group SiO₂,MgF₂,YF₃And YbF₃；It however, it should be understood that and other suitable low-index materials can be used.At some In embodiment, medium-index materials such as Al can be used₂O₃Or other suitable medium-index materials replace low-refraction Material.

In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a kind of method, wherein in the first step, multilayer optical coating is sunk Product on a glass substrate, then in the second step, with thermal evaporation in the optical coating identical chamber and deposit ETC apply Layer.In another embodiment, multilayer optical coating is deposited on a glass substrate, then in second chamber in a chamber Middle thermal evaporation ETC coatings are simultaneously deposited on it at the top of the laminated coating, on condition that the substrate of the multiple coating from institute It is on-line implement in the following manner to state first chamber and be transferred to the second chamber：The substrate is without exposure to more in application Air between layer coating and ETC coatings.Paint-on technique used may include, but be not limited to：PVD, CVD/PECVD and ALD are applied Coating technique.Depending on the size and the size of substrate to be coated of one or more chambers, can simultaneously it be applied in single chamber Cover one or more substrates.

The multilayer optical coating is typically oxide coating, and wherein high refractive index coating is lanthanide oxide, for example La, Nb, Y, Gd or other lanthanide series metal, and low refractive index coating is SiO₂.ETC materials can be such as fluorinated silane, be typically With formula (R_F)_xSiX_4-xAlkyl perfluorocarbon silane, wherein R_fIt is straight chain C₆-C₃₀Alkyl perfluorocarbon, X=Cl or-OCH₃- and X=2 or 3.The carbon backbone chain length range of fluorocarbons is greater than or equal to 3 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 nanometers.Fluorine is carbonized Compound can be bought at available commercial business, be included but is not limited to：DOW CORNING (Dow-Corning) (such as fluorocarbons 2604 With 2634), 3M companies (such as ECC-1000 and 4000), big King Company (Daikin Corporation), card agriculture (Canon) is eastern (Don) (South Korea), Se Ke (Ceko) (South Korea), company of cut section (Cotec-GmbH) (such as DURALON UltraTec) (Evonik) is created with winning.

Figure 1A is schematically showed according to the coating equipment 100 of one or more of embodiments as described herein and this The various operating elements of equipment.Reference axis is provided and is used as reference.In front view, x be from side-to-side (that is, from a left side to It is right), y is in the past-to-rear (that is, entering page-out) and z be from bottom-to-top.Coating equipment 100 generally includes vacuum chamber 102, there is the rotatable magnetic dome 110 containing antelabium 161 (as shown in Figure 3A) in the vacuum chamber 102, the antelabium 161 is Support a part for the framework 160 (as Fig. 3 B are further shown) of dome 110.The dome includes multiple substrate carriers 130, It is magnetically connected to the bottom surface bottom surface of dome as shown in Figure 2.Plasma source 118 is located in vacuum chamber 102, and on top Below housing 110, and it is generally oriented to launch ion or plasma upwards, reaches the bottom surface of dome 110.In deposit optical When coating material and/or after depositing optical layers material, it is densified using plasma source, thus increases final light Learn the hardness of coating.Specifically, when deposition and/or after coating has been applied, from plasma source launch ion or Plasma compresses coating, causes the densification of the material of deposition.The optical coating of densification deposition improves the optical coating Wear resistance.For example, in some embodiments, the wear reliability or wear resistance of the optical coating of the deposition are not At least twice of the optical coating deposited using plasma source.Below with reference to described in more detail, the plasmas of Figure 21 A Body source 118 is combined with averager 121.

Coating equipment also includes being located at electron beam source 120 of the dome below 110, and reflecting electron beam device 122, the electronics Beam reflector 122 is used to the electron beam from electron beam source guide to the optical coating material for being applied to glass substrate, thus Evaporate optical material.Shadow mask 125 is located at dome below 110, and it is used to realize uniformly coats on whole dome. The shape of shadow mask 125 and position are adjustable, so that the shadow mask is " adjustable ", to obtain required coating Uniformity.Shadow mask 125 is located on support member 125a, so that the position of shadow mask 125 can be vertically along the support member 125a is adjusted, as shown in the dotted line double-headed arrow.If it is desired, when applying optical coating, can adjust shadow mask 125 in branch Position on support body 125a, to avoid shadow mask shielding positioned at the glass substrate of the bottom surface of dome 110, makes from plasma The ion or plasma that source 118 is launched can not reach the glass substrate.Although Figure 1A shows single electron beam source 120, It should be understood that multiple electron beam sources can be used to be preferably minimized the time for changing to another coating material from a kind of coating material, For example from Nb₂O₅Change to SiO₂Or become to return again, needed for as deposited the individual course for optical coating of requirement. For example, in some embodiments, the coating equipment may include to be more than or equal to 2 electron beam sources and less than or equal to 6 electronics Electron gun.When using multiple electron beam sources, each electron beam source can be oriented to separated container (that is, the boat of fixed material to be coated 126, be described further herein).

Coating equipment 100 also includes optical coating carrier 12 4, and it has multiple boats 126 containing optical coating material.Boat 126 be independent source container, for accommodating the different materials for depositing optical layers.Optical coating carrier 12 4 is located at vacuum In room 102, so as to by reflecting electron beam device 122 the reflecting electron beam launched from electron beam source 120 to being contained in boat 126 In optical coating material on, thus evaporate the optical coating material.Boat 126 includes different optical coating materials, so that often The coating material (for example, high-index material, low-index material or medium-index materials) of secondary one class of application.One Kind coating material is reached after suitable thickness, closes the lid (not shown) of corresponding boat, and open containing difference to be applied The lid of another boat of coating material.In this way, high-index material, low-refraction material can be applied in an alternate fashion Material or medium-index materials, so as to form the optical coating material with required optical property.

Coating equipment 100 also includes being used to evaporate at least one thermal evaporation sources 128 of ETC coating materials, to promote coating Material, which is deposited to, to be fixed in the glass substrate of the bottom surface of dome 110.At least one thermal evaporation sources 128 are located at vacuum chamber 102 In, and positioned at dome below 110.In one or more embodiments, steel wool-filling can be passed through in vacuum chamber 102 Copper crucible (not shown) or the copper crucible (not shown) of porous ceramics-filling improve ETC coatings.There is provided equal using steel wool Even heating ETC materials and increase evaporative surface area.ETC coatings are also provided using steel wool more controlled heavy on substrate Product speed.

According further to Figure 1A, dome 110 is by magnetic or the light material containing magnetic material is made, such as, but not limited to iron content Aluminium or other suitable magnetic materials.Can dome 110 clockwise or counterclockwise.Center at the top of dome is opening 164 (as shown in Figure 3 B), and transparency glass plate 116 is arranged on the bottom surface of the dome to cover the opening.Transparency glass plate 116 may include the 116a that is open, shown in the zoomed-in view of transparency glass plate 116 as shown in Figure 1 b.In transparency glass plate 116 Quartz monitor 114 is received, and the quartz monitor 114 passes through the transparency glass plate 116.As illustrated, optical fiber 112 is set In transparency glass plate more than 116.Quartz monitor 114 controls the deposition speed of optical material by feeding back to electron beam power supply Rate, so that the sedimentation rate of coating material keeps substantially constant.Optical fiber 112 is located at transparency glass plate more than 116, protects it remote Deposition materials within vacuum chamber 102.Optical fiber measurement reflectivity determines that deposition of layers coating material when should be stopped, because It has reached the thickness of target design.

Fig. 1 C are the amplifications of the encircled of Figure 1A transparency glass plate 116, it is shown that optical fiber 112, quartz monitor 114 With the relative orientation of transparency glass plate 116.Quartz monitor 114 is located at the center of transparency glass plate 116, and passes through opening 116a.Optical fiber 112 is located at the side of quartz monitor 114.The light transmitted from optical fiber 112 passes through transparency glass plate 116, and when painting When covering the surface of the transparency glass plate, light is reflected back.Neighbouring %R arrow is schematically showed when coating clear glass During plate, the reflectivity of the light of the surface 116b from transparency glass plate.Reflectivity is with the surface 116b for being applied to transparency glass plate Coating layer thickness increase.It is vectored back to from the surface 116b of the transparency glass plate light reflected and is attached to electron beam source controller (not Display) optical sensor (not shown).Controller using optical sensor output (it be apply optical coating and/or The instruction of the thickness of ETC coatings) determine the deposit thickness of coating.So, the light of reflection can be used to control single layer The deposit thickness of deposit thickness, coating cycle and overall optical coating and ETC coatings.

The top of dome 110 is connected to the vacuum shielding live spindle 117 indicated by parallel dotted lines.The rotation of vacuum shielding Turning main shaft 117 has the vacuum sealing bearing for the live spindle for being connected to the vacuum shielding, the rotation shielded for rotatory vacuum Main shaft 117 and dome 110.Thus, it will be appreciated that the live spindle 117 of vacuum shielding is at the top of vacuum sealing to dome 110. By the external motor (not shown) outside vacuum chamber 102, to drive the live spindle 117 of vacuum shielding.A kind of real Apply in mode, dome 110 can about 20rpm (rev/min)-about 120rpm scopes speed rotation.In another reality Apply in mode, speed scope is about 40rpm- about 83rpm.

Fig. 2 schematically shows the fragment 110a of dome 110.As shown in Fig. 2 multiple substrate carriers 130 magnetically connect It is connected to dome 110.The glass substrate for coating is fixed in coating equipment 100 using substrate carrier 130.

Fig. 3 A are pictures, it is shown that the fragment 110a of dome 110 inclined side upward view, it is shown that antelabium 161, and Magnetically it is connected to multiple substrate carriers 130 of dome 110.Fig. 3 B show the framework 160 for supporting multiple fragment 110a. Framework 160 includes the inside wheel rim (unnumbered) and live spindle at external lip 161 (as shown in Figure 3A), adjacent openings 164 117 may be connected to the (not shown) of opening 164, and multiple spokes 162, and the spoke 162 is extended radially outwards inside wheel rim. The width of the spoke 162 is enough to accommodate the lateral edge for the dome fragment for being shown as 168.

Figure 17 A are the alternative embodiments of the coating equipment for the depositing optical layers on substrate and ETC coatings Simplified diagram.In the present embodiment, coating equipment includes the shadow mask 127 of covering dome selection area to improve The uniformity for the optical coating being deposited on substrate.For adjustably supporting the supporter of shadow mask 127 not in Figure 17 A Middle display.In Figure 17 A coating equipment, plasma source is ion gun 118a.Because for evaporating optical coating material Ion gun 118a and electron beam source 120 are located at the not homonymy of vacuum chamber, and shadow mask will not shield ion gun, thus improve ion Efficiency of the source 118a in the optical coating material of hardening deposition.It is close optical coating material is densified to using ion gun Bulk density, thus increases the density of optical coating, improves wear reliability/wear resistance of optical coating.

Figure 21 A are another alternative implementation of the coating equipment for the depositing optical layers on substrate and ETC coatings The simplified diagram of mode.Figure 21 B schematically show the section of coating equipment 500.In the present embodiment, coating equipment 500 include vacuum chamber 102, and it, which has, includes the rotatable dome 110 of magnetic material, as described in relative to Fig. 1.Rotate dome The live spindle 117 of vacuum shielding is attached to, it is arranged in vacuum sealing bearing 119 to promote the rotation of dome in a vacuum chamber Turn.Dome also includes the transparent glass plate 116 with quartz monitor 114 and optical fiber 112, and one, which rises, to be used to be monitored and controlled The sedimentation rate of the coating for the substrate for being connected to dome is applied to, as described above for described in Figure 1A -1C.

Coating equipment 500 also includes optical coating carrier 12 4, and it has multiple boats 126 containing optical coating material.Boat 126 be independent source container, for accommodating the different materials for the depositing optical layers on the substrate fixed to the bottom surface of dome 110 Material.Boat 126 includes different optical coating materials, so as to only apply the coating material of a class every time (for example, high index of refraction material Material, low-index material or medium-index materials).In the present embodiment, coating equipment 500 includes the first electron beam source 120a, the second electron beam source 120b and reflecting electron beam device 122.First electron beam source 120a, the second electron beam source 120b and electricity Beamlet reflector 122 is so arranged, so that the electron beam from each source is guided to reflecting electron beam device 122, and from electricity Beamlet reflector 122 is re-introduced to the single optical coating material for the boat 126 being received within optical coating carrier 12 4 On, to co-evaporate optical coating material.Have found, single optical coating material enhancing is co-evaporated using multiple electron beam sources and is existed The thickness evenness of the gained coating deposited on substrate.Additional or optional, the first electron beam source 120a launches the first electronics The first optical coating material that beam is contained in boat 126 to reflecting electron beam device 122 so as to which the first electron beam is re-introduced to, the Two electron beam source 120b launch the second electron beam and are contained in reflecting electron beam device 122 so as to which the second electron beam is re-introduced to The second optical coating material in different boats 126.In one or more embodiments, the first optical coating material is different from Second optical coating material.In some embodiments, the first optical coating material includes high-index material, and the second optics is applied Layer material includes low or medium-index materials.In some embodiments, more than one reflector can be used so as to a reflection Device (not shown) reboots the first electron beam and the second reflector (not shown) reboots the second electron beam.

In the present embodiment, the first shade that coating equipment 500 also includes being adjustably disposed in vacuum chamber 102 is covered Mould 125 and second shadow mask 129 in vacuum chamber 102 with fixed position.First shadow mask can wherein first Shadow mask 125 is positioned at the extended position (see Figure 21 A) between at least one electron beam source and rotatable dome and wherein First shadow mask, which is not located between the advanced position (not shown) between rotatable dome and any electron beam source, to be adjusted.Tool For body, in some embodiments, the first shadow mask 125 may include to be attached to first of actuator 175 such as motor First shadow mask 125 is rotated to advanced position by part 180, the actuator 175 from extended position.In some embodiments In, the first shadow mask 125 may include Part II 181, and it is pivotally connected to Part I 180.When the first shadow mask When rotating to advanced position (that is, when the first shadow mask is rotated down (clockwise direction in Figure 21 A)), Part II 181 is foldable towards Part I 180.

In the section of coating equipment 500 that Figure 21 B are schematically shown, when the first shadow mask 125 is in extended position When, the first shadow mask 125 is located between electron beam source 120a and the (not shown) of bottom surface dome 110.Second shadow mask 129 is consolidated Surely it is located between electron beam source 120b and the bottom surface (not shown) of dome 110.Depending on the kind of the optical coating material deposited Class, the first shadow mask 125 is extensible or bounces back.For example, as deposition Nb₂O₅When, the first shadow mask 125 can be at the position that bounces back Put.But, as deposition SiO₂When, the first shadow mask 125 can be at extended position.Protected using shadow mask in deposition Thickness evenness in optical coating, and the position with substrate on dome is unrelated.With specific reference to Figure 22, steamed from a source 400 The deposit thickness of the coating material of hair is generally according to relation Cosⁿ(θ)/R²Change, wherein n is to rely on material and machined parameters, R It is the distance between evaporation source and coated substrate 140, and θ is a vertical normal 402 in source and coated substrate 140 Angle between normal to a surface 404, such as Figure 22 are schematically shown.Therefore, the position of plasma source, the position of electron beam source Put and influence respectively is deposited on the thickness of coating on substrate by the shape and diameter of dome.The contour curve that Figure 22 is shown 410 schematically show 400 thickness to the material of set a distance R deposition of range points source.Each discrete bits in specific curves Putting substantially has identical deposition materials thickness.In view of the potential thickness change of depositing coating, suitably shape and position is set In the homogeneous mask of internal vacuum chamber, by when substrate on dome in vacuum chamber having a rest property of rotational time substrate and coating Material is separated, to provide uniform coating layer thickness to be arranged on the substrate in dome region.

In addition, coating equipment 500 also includes at least one thermal evaporation sources 128 for being used to evaporate ETC coating materials, to promote Coating material deposition to being fixed on the substrate of the bottom surface of dome 110.At least one thermal evaporation sources 128 are located at vacuum chamber In 102, and positioned at dome below 110.In some embodiments, liquid ETC coating materials are placed in steel wool or many In the copper crucible of hole ceramic material filling.Crucible is heated to evaporate ETC coating materials with thermal evaporation sources 128, and it is sequentially deposited at On the substrate of the rotatable bottom surface of dome 110.

Coating equipment 500 also includes plasma source such as ion beam source.As described above for described in Figure 1A, plasma source 118 are located in vacuum chamber 102 in dome below 110, and are generally oriented to launch ion or plasma upwards, towards dome 110 bottom surface, is thus densified and/or hardens the optical coating being applied on the substrate for being connected to vault soffit.In this paper institutes In some embodiments stated, plasma source is vertical orientated and in vacuum chamber 102, so that plasma source 118 is located at From the rotation axis 171 of rotatable dome 110 radially outward, thus launch from the plasma of plasma source 118 from The center of at least rotatable dome is to the outward flange 172 of at least rotatable dome on the bottom surface of rotatable dome 110 It is incident.For example, in some embodiments, plasma source 118 is in this way, make the rotation axis of rotatable dome 110 The distance between 171 and plasma source 118 S are more than the distance between plasma source 118 and the circumference 173 of projection S ' (i.e., By the circumference of the circumscribed cylinder of the rotation of rotatable dome 110).In addition, plasma source 118 and bottom surface dome 110 it Between path do not cover (such as with shadow mask), which increase the amount of incident plasma on the bottom surface of dome 110. Plasma source 118 is set to reduce the average distance between plasma source and vault soffit by this way, this changes successively It has been apt to be applied to the amount of the densification obtained on the substrate for be connected to vault soffit in coating.The increase of optical coating material density, Improve the wear resistance of coating.In some embodiments, coating equipment 500 may also include averager 121, and it is arranged to handle Electron cloud projection (project) enters transmitting from the path of the plasma of plasma source 118.Specifically, oneself etc. is launched The plasma of plasma source 118 may include charged ion (such as Ar⁺¹Ion, O⁺¹Ion, and/or O⁺²Ion), it passes through sun Pole is accelerated towards substrate.Once these charged ions reach substrate, they can repel similar charged ion, thus weaken etc. from The effect of daughter assistant depositing.In order to overcome this, electron cloud is led into transmitting from plasma source using averager 121 In the path of 118 plasma.Averager 121 includes electronic emitter, such as hot fibril and/or high flux/high-speed electricity Son transmitting equipment.In some embodiments, electronic emitter may include hollow cathode.Launch self-neutralization device electron cloud with etc. For example, the charged ion interaction of gas ions, thus neutralizes electric charge (Ar⁺¹Ion → Ar⁰,O⁺¹Ion → O₂Deng).

With reference now to Fig. 4 A and 4B, the substrate carrier 130 for carrying single size substrate is schematically showed.As schemed Shown in 4A, substrate carrier 130 has non-magnetic substrate carrier base 131, the stop with releasedly fixed substrate to be coated Surface 131a, the bottom surface 131b and multiple magnets 134 being oppositely arranged with arrest surface 131a, the magnet 134 are used to this carry Body is magnetically connected to dome 110 and substrate carrier is deviateed (off-setting) dome certain distance.In one or more realities Apply in mode, substrate can be the arrest surface 131a for being releasably secured to substrate carrier.Using various mechanical devices lining Bottom carrier is releasably secured to arrest surface.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 A and 4B, substrate carrier 130 also includes being used for Support multiple pins 136 and spring system 132 on the surface (as shown in Figure 4 B) of glass substrate 140.Spring system 132 is generally wrapped The contractile pin 138a by spring 133 (such as arrow is schematically shown) fix in position is included, the spring 133 makes collapsible Pin 138a shown in arrow direction skew, and multiple fixations fixing pin 138b.Pin 138a and 138b are used for In coating glass substrate, glass substrate 140 (is indicated) on fix in position to substrate carrier 130 by a dotted line.Specifically, When substrate 140 is arranged on the arrest surface 131a of substrate carrier 130, around pin 138b section substrate edge and spring System 132 is arranged into the opposite edges for making pin 138a contact substrate, thus releasedly fixing pin 138a, between 138b Substrate.In one embodiment, pin 138a, 138b are arranged on substrate carrier pedestal 131, so that the part of pin is not Extend to more than substrate surface, thus promote the layer thickness uniformity through glass substrate coating surface.Implement another In mode (discussed further below for Fig. 5), pin is constructed and is arranged on substrate carrier pedestal 131, to minimize application To the change of the coating layer thickness of substrate.Fig. 4 B are Fig. 4 A side views, it is shown that be supported on from the substrate carrier base-plates surface Glass substrate 140 that 131a is extended on the pin 136 of non-magnetic substrate carrier base 131 at a certain distance, carry from substrate The surface 131a extensions of body 130 and extended with the distance more than pedestal 131b through the pedestal magnet 134, from non-magnetic substrate Carrier base 131 extends to the top surface 140a for the glass substrate 140 that distance is releasably fixed on arrest surface 131a The side for having certain distance stops pin 150.Side, which stops pin 150, takes the glass substrate in non-magnetic substrate carrier base 131 To thus the application without influenceing coating prevents from being formed over the surface of the glass substrate " shade ".Specifically, glass substrate Top surface 140a will be the surface that is coated with optical coating and coating easy to clean.Side stops the formation of pin 150 to required chi It is very little, so that side stops the top surface that pin does not extend to the glass substrate 140 being releasably fixed on arrest surface 131a More than 140a.For with the glass substrate that thickness is 5 millimeters, side stops the top of pin 150 by the top apart from substrate 140 2-3 millimeters of below portion surface 140a scope.The opening (unnumbered) in substrate carrier center reduces the weight of carrier.

Although Fig. 4 A and 4B show the specific arrangement of the one kind of magnet 134 in substrate carrier pedestal 131, it should be understood that setting Other arrangements are thought.For example, in some embodiments, magnet 134 can be arranged in substrate carrier pedestal 131, so that minimum Change influence of the magnetic field of magnet to coating procedure, for example, repel the ion and/or particulate being deposited on substrate.With reference to Fig. 4 C, lining There is bottom carrier base 131 the substrate dwell region 141 on the substrate dwell surface relative with bottom surface 131b (to be illustrated with dotted line Show to property).The area in substrate dwell region 141 is less than the area on substrate dwell surface, and magnet 134 is arranged on substrate carrier On the bottom surface 131b of pedestal 131 and beyond the circumference 142 in substrate dwell region 141.Magnet 134 is arranged on substrate dwell region Beyond 141 circumference 142, influence of the magnetic field of each magnet 134 to coating procedure is reduced.In some embodiment party as described herein In formula, magnet can be properly formed required size, to accommodate the size and weight of the substrate rested on substrate dwell surface. For example, larger magnet can be combined with size formation to the substrate carrier pedestal of fixed larger substrate, and less magnet can be with Substrate carrier pedestal combination of the size formation to fixed smaller substrate.

Referring now to Figure 15, showing adjustable substrate carrier 130a, it is similar to fixation substrate as shown in Figure 4 A Carrier 130.Adjustable substrate carrier 130a includes non-magnetic substrate carrier base 131, and it includes multiple be used for adjustable Substrate carrier be connected to coating equipment as described above dome multiple magnets 134.Adjustable substrate carrier 130a Also include one or more mechanical devices or bonding agent aid, for releasedly one or more substrates to be carried fixed to substrate Body 130a, or more particularly, to the arrest surface 131a of substrate carrier.In the embodiment shown in Figure 15, machinery dress Putting or bond agent aid includes multiple pins 136, and it extends from the arrest surface 131a of substrate carrier and is used to support releasable Ground is fixed on the surface of the glass substrate on adjustable substrate carrier 130a.Mechanical device or bonding agent aid may include shell 138aa, it is disposed proximate to adjustable substrate carrier 130a edges, and it covers contractile pin 138a and (is shown as portion Divide ground from shell extension).Shell 138aa includes the spring (not shown) being located in shell 138aa.Spring makes contractile Pin 138a is outwards offset from shell 138aa.Adjustable substrate carrier 130a is optional to stop the (figure of pin 150 including side Do not shown in 15), be orientated the glass substrate on adjustable substrate carrier 130a.In the embodiment shown in Figure 15 In, adjustable substrate carrier 130a also includes the multiple moveable pins 139 for being used to fix glass substrate edge.It is removable Pin 139 be located in groove 137, adjust moveable pin 139 for adjustable substrate carrier 130a for auxiliary phase Position.Moveable pin 139 is combined with contractile pin 138a so that can be carried for various sizes of substrate using single Body.Fig. 4 A and 4B identical mode as described above can be directed to, stops pin 150 to consolidate by pin and any optional side Fixed one or more substrate, so as to form the coating without shade over the substrate.In addition, magnet 134 may be provided at substrate Beyond the circumference of dwell regions, as described above for described in Fig. 4 C.

With reference now to Figure 20 A, substrate carrier 130b another embodiment is schematically showed.In present embodiment In, substrate carrier 130 is using a layer of adhesive material 143 on the arrest surface 131a being arranged in substrate dwell region come can Release ground receives substrate to be coated.The need for being eliminated using adhesive to machanical fastener, it may cause to apply coating Thickness change.Adhesive material 143 generally includes pressure sensitive contact adhesive.Suitable material may include, but be not limited to： Acryloid cement, rubber adhesive, silicone adhesive agent, and/or similar contact adhesive.Or, electrostatic can be used lining Bottom be fixed to arrest surface 131a, for example when the film of static electrification be arranged on arrest surface 131a on and be used as adhesive material When.These materials allow to make substrate be strongly attached to substrate carrier 130b in coating, and are specifically connected to stop table Face 131a, while allowing to make substrate easily dismantle from substrate carrier 130b after coating terminates.Magnet 134 may be provided at lining Beyond the circumference of bottom dwell regions, as described above for described in Fig. 4 C.In addition, a layer of adhesive material 143 is used on arrest surface, Make it possible to a kind of substrate carrier of size is used for the substrate of different size and/or shapes, also allow multiple substrates being connected to Single substrate carrier.

With reference now to the section of the substrate carrier 130b shown in Figure 20 B, adhesive material 143 is set in some embodiments Put on polymer film 144, it is adhered to the arrest surface 131a of substrate carrier pedestal 131 successively.In some embodiments, Polymer film can be thermoplastic polymer film such as polyethylene film or polyester polymers film.

In some embodiments, polymer film can be the polymer film of energy static electrification.In these embodiments, without Independent adhesive material, because the film of static electrification is used as adhesive, for substrate to be releasedly fixed on arrest surface On 131a.Suitable electrostatic film includes, but are not limited to：Wei Sikui (Visqueen) film, is purchased from the limited public affairs of Britain's polyester industrial Take charge of (British Polyethylene Industries Limited).

Substrate carrier 130,130a, 130b has non-magnetic substrate carrier base 131 and multiple magnets 134, for load Body is fixed to dome 110 and for making carrier offset dome certain distance.Relative to coating optical element as used in eyeglass Dome carrier, the use of these magnetic carriers is a kind of progress.For example, Figure 16 A are shown with for placing mirror to be coated The conventional dome carrier 30 as one kind 0 of multiple openings 302 of piece.When coated lens, in the opening eyeglass insertion vector.But, In conventional design, it is difficult to while being evenly coated with the inner side and outer side of dome.Also it is difficult to keep coating material is remote to be not required to apply The lens surface covered.In addition, when heating dome, coated part can be moved relative to the opening in the dome, cause to work as Ruptured when dome is cooled down after application.For example, Figure 16 B show a brace shoulder from the inner side of opening 302 of dome carrier 306 eyeglasses 304 slid.Easily found by figure, if carrier is cooled more quickly than eyeglass 304, the contraction of carrier can cause mirror Piece ruptures.In the present invention, because making substrate carrier deviate the spacing of dome one by carrier being fixed to the magnet of dome From so minimizing heat transfer, and will not being ruptured when dome is cooled down.In addition, because carrier/substrate is combined close to dome Inner surface, so coated glassware only has side to be exposed to coating material.Therefore, it can avoid above-mentioned in conventional vault Push up the difficulty in carrier.

Referring now to Figure 5, the section of pin 138a and 138b a kind of embodiment is schematically showed, by that can receive The pin 138a of contracting heads on application and fixes the glass substrate to the power of glass substrate to head on the pin.These pins can be used for scheming The substrate carrier that 4A and 15 is schematically shown.Specifically, glass substrate have shaping edge, its be stuck in pin 138a and Between 138b head 138h and the remainder of the pin main body.The edge of glass substrate can be chamfered edge (such as 141 institutes Show), circle, (bullnosed) of bull nose or other profiles are presented.When substrate 140 is engaged with pin 138a, 138b, The top 140a of glass substrate is following 2-3 millimeters at the top of pin 138a or 138b.In detail in this figure, reference 140b is indicated The lower surface of substrate 140.

With reference now to Fig. 4 A and Fig. 6, glass substrate 140 is loaded on substrate carrier 130, and the He of glass substrate 140 It is connected to the bottom surface of dome 110 composite magnetic of substrate carrier 130.When the substrate carrier 130 with substrate 140 (dotted line) It is loaded on dome 110 for when coating, contractile pin 138a being arranged perpendicular to the rotation side of dome 110 To as shown by arrows；That is, compared with fixing pin 138b, opening of the pin closer to the top T of dome 110.Put when so When putting substrate carrier, optical coating can be equably deposited in the whole surface of glass substrate 140, come formed " shadow-free " or The substrate 140 of the coating of " being free of shade ".These terms, " shadow-free " and " being free of shade " refers to following facts, if：

(1) contractile pin 138a is without as described and as shown in Figure 6 when being located on dome 110, and

(2) the top surface 140a of glass substrate 140 in pin 138a below top 138h less than 1 millimeter, and

(3) top of side stopping pin 150 is not less than top surface 140a；

Region so where these elements and other elements of the substrate are fixed, the deposition of optical coating is non-homogeneous 's.Therefore, it is thinner closer to the optical coating at these elements, and the optical coating away from these elements is thicker.As a result right and wrong Uniform optics deposition or " shade " that can be found by the user of product.It can be avoided using apparatus and method as described herein This shade.It is also possible to use does not include the substrate carrier that any protrusion exceeds the element for its top surface being arranged on carrier To avoid this shade, for example, substrate is releasably secured to the substrate on substrate dwell surface using a layer of adhesive material Carrier (as shown in FIG. 20 A).

Referring again to Figure 1A, once adjustable substrate carrier 130a is magnetically connected to dome 110, for optics The material that coating is applied to glass substrate is just loaded into independent (that is, the independent source of boat 126 of optical coating carrier 12 4 Container) in.As described above, optical coating includes the alternating layer of high and low-index material, or high and medium-index materials Alternating layer.It is more than or equal to 1.7 with refractive index n and is less than or equal to 3.0 example high-index material：ZrO₂, HfO₂,Ta₂O₅,Nb₂O₅,TiO₂,Y₂O₃,Si₃N₄,SrTiO₃And WO₃；It is more than or equal to 1.5 and less than 1.7 with refractive index n Example medium-index materials are Al₂O₃；The low refraction of example with refractive index n more than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.6 Rate material is：SiO₂,MgF₂,YF₃And YbF₃.In some embodiments, medium-index materials can be used to form low refraction Rate layer L.Therefore, in some embodiments, low-index material may be selected from SiO₂,MgF₂,YF₃,YbF₃And Al₂O₃.In one kind In example embodiment, the optical coating material is typically oxide coating, and wherein high refractive index coating is lanthanide oxide Such as La, Nb, Y, Gd or other lanthanide series metal, and low refractive index coating is SiO₂.In addition, easy to clean being used to apply (ETC) material of coating is loaded at least one thermal evaporation sources 128.As described above, ETC materials can be such as silicon fluoride, Typically there is formula (R_F)_xSiX_4-xAlkyl perfluorocarbon silane, wherein R_fIt is straight chain C₆-C₃₀Alkyl perfluorocarbon, X=Cl or- OCH₃- and x=2 or 3.The carbon backbone chain length range of fluorocarbons is greater than or equal to 3 nanometers and less than or equal to 50 nanometers.

Once being loaded with coating material, vacuum chamber 102 is sealed, and empty to pressure less than or equal to 10^-4Hold in the palm (Torr).So Afterwards, by the live spindle 117 selected from vacuum shielding, to be selected from dome 110 in a vacuum chamber.It then activates plasma Source 118, guides ion and/or plasma to the glass substrate positioned at the bottom surface of dome 110, so that optical coating material Material is densified the optical coating material when being applied to glass substrate.Then, optical coating and ETC coatings are sequentially applied to glass Glass substrate.First by evaporating the optical material in the boat 126 of optical coating carrier 12 4, to apply optical coating.Specifically For, electron beam source 120 is powered, flow of emitted electrons is guided the electron stream to optical coating by reflecting electron beam device 122 On the boat 126 of carrier 12 4.When glass substrate rotates with dome 110, the material of evaporation is deposited on the glass substrate On surface.The rotation of dome 110, adds the orientation of shadow mask 125 and glass substrate on substrate carrier 130, it is allowed to light Learn coating material to be evenly coated with to glass substrate carrier, thus avoid forming " cloudy on the coating surface of glass substrate Shadow ".As described above, being sequentially deposited high-index material and bottom refraction materials or medium refractive using electron beam source 120 The layer of rate material, obtains the optical coating with required optical property.It is heavy to be monitored using quartz monitor 114 and optical fiber 112 The thickness of long-pending material, thus controls the deposition of optical coating, as described herein.

Once optical coating is applied to glass substrate using required one or more of coating materials and reaches required Thickness, stop optics coating, and when glass substrate rotates with dome 110, applied by thermal evaporation on optical coating Apply ETC coatings.Specifically, heating is located at the ETC materials at least one thermal evaporation sources 128, is thus steamed in vacuum chamber 102 Send out ETC materials.By condensation, the ETC materials of evaporation are deposited on a glass substrate.The rotation of dome 110, adds glass lined Bottom is orientated on substrate carrier 130, is promoted an ETC material and is evenly coated with to glass substrate.Use quartz monitor 114 The thickness of the material of deposition is monitored with optical fiber 112, the deposition of ETC coatings is thus controlled, it is as described herein.

Fig. 7 (a)-(c) be fluorinated silane with the graft reaction of glass or oxide optical coating (that is, ETC coating materials and Reaction between glass, or ETC coating materials and oxide optical coating) schematic diagram.Fig. 7 c are shown, when fluorine carbon trichlorine When Silane Grafted is to glass, the silicon atom of silane can：(1) multilevel oxide coating with glass substrate or coating over the substrate Surface form three keys (3 Si-O keys), or (2) and glass substrate formation double bond and with neighbouring R_FSi parts form Si- O-Si singly-bounds.The process time of ETC coatings is very short, can be used to the offer thickness range on the optical coating just applied and is More than or equal to 3 nanometers to the ETC coatings for being less than or equal to 50 nanometers, do not destroy vacuum but and (that is, optical coating is not exposed to Ambiance).In coating procedure as described herein, ETC materials are evaporated from single source.However, it should be understood that can also simultaneously from Multiple source evaporation ETC materials.For instance, it has been found that the ETC material sources with 2-5 kind independences are preferably.Specifically, use The source of multiple materials containing ETC obtains more uniform ETC coatings, and can strengthen Coating Durability.It is as used herein, term " source " refers to container or crucible, from the container or crucible thermal evaporation ETC materials.

In embodiment as described herein, SiO is generally applied₂Layer is used as the capping layer for optical coating.Generally exist Deposit before ETC coatings, deposit SiO₂Layer as optical coating a part.This SiO₂Layer is provided for being grafted and being crosslinked ETC The compact surfaces of the silicon atom of coating, because these layers are in high vacuum (10^-4-10^-6Support) under deposit, in the absence of free OH.Free OH (such as the water of the thin layer on glass or AR surfaces) is harmful when depositing ETC materials, because OH is prevented Silicon atom in ETC materials and metal oxide return the oxide surface i.e. oxygen atom of optical coating surface to be connected.Work as deposition When vacuum in equipment is broken, i.e., when equipment is to atmosphere opening, the air comprising water vapour is allowed to enter the equipment, ETC The silicon atom of coating reacts with optical coating surface, to build at least oneization between ETC silicon atoms and surface oxygen atoms Key is learned, alcohol or acid are discharged once exposed to air.Because ETC coating materials generally comprise 1-2 kinds fluoro-containing group and 2-3 kinds are anti- Answering property group such as CH₃O- groups, ETC coatings can be connected with the 2-3 oxygen atoms of optical coating surface, or with such as Fig. 7 (c) institutes Another coating molecule crosslinking shown, to build the ETC coatings of strength connection.The SiO of PVD deposition₂Surface is original and had Reactive surfaces.For example, as shown in figure 8, for the SiO of PVD deposition₂For capping layer, the activation energy ratio of association reaction has Have the glass surface of environmental contaminants or water layer much lower on the chemical glass of complex surface, glass surface.

Therefore, once ETC coatings are applied on optical coating, just the glass with optical coating and ETC coatings Substrate takes out from room, and allows to solidify in atmosphere.If only by room temperature (about 18-25 DEG C, relative humidity (RH) 40%) stand to solidify under, solidification will be carried out 1-3 days.Solidification can be quickly completed using elevated temperature.For example, in one kind In embodiment, the product that ETC can be coated be heated to 80-100 DEG C of temperature and keep about 10 minutes-about 30 minutes when Section, RH scopes are more than 50% and less than 100%.Generally, RH range is 50-85%.

Once ETC is coating cured, coating surface is wiped with soft brush or isopropyl alcohol pad, light is not connected to remove Learn any ETC materials of coating.

Methods and apparatuses described herein can be used to prepare the glassware of coating, the glass substrate of such as coating, and its is same When there is optical coating (such as AR coatings or similar optical function coating) and the ETC coatings being arranged on optical coating.Make With methods and apparatuses described herein, on the whole optics coating surface of the glassware, the glassware of coating is generally not Containing shade.In some embodiments, multiple cycles can be had by being applied to the optical coating of glassware, and the cycle is by one layer High-index material H with refractive index n more than or equal to 1.7 and less than or equal to 3.0, and it is one layer big with refractive index n In or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.6 low-index material L constitute.The high refractive index material layer can be each cycle First layer and the low refractive index material layer L can be the second layer in each cycle.Or, the low refractive index material layer can be each The first layer in cycle, and the high refractive index material layer H can be the second layer in each cycle.In some embodiments, in light 2 can be more than or equal to and less than or equal to 1000 by learning the number in the coating cycle in coating.Optical coating can also further comprise SiO₂Capping layer.Capping layer can be applied on one or more cycles, and thickness range is greater than or equal to 20 nanometers and is less than Or equal to 200 nanometers.In a kind of embodiment as described herein, the thickness range of optical coating is greater than or equal to 100 Nanometer is to less than or equal to 2000 nanometers.But, depending on the intended application of the product of coating, bigger thickness is also possible 's.For example, in some embodiments, the thickness range of optical coating can be 100 nanometers -2000 nanometers.At some other In embodiment, the thickness range of optical coating can be 400 nanometers -1200 nanometers or even 400 nanometers -1500 nanometers.

The thickness range of each floor height refraction materials and low-index material is greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and is less than or waits In 200 nanometers.The thickness range of each floor height refraction materials and low-index material be greater than or equal to 5 nanometers and be less than or Equal to 100 nanometers.As described further below, the coating formed using special painting method as described herein and technology Improved wear resistance is presented in glassware.Can be by the water contact angle after glass coating progress wear testing, to assess It is applied to the degraded of the coating of glassware.Can be under 10kg normal direction loads, by using rank 0000# steel wool friction glass lined The whole coating surface at bottom, to implement wear testing.The area 10mmx 10mm of friction.Friction frequency is 60Hz, and steel wool Displacement be 50 millimeters.In relative humidity RH<Under 40%, implement wear testing.In embodiment as described herein, After 6000 abrasion cycles, the water contact angle of glassware is at least 75 °.In some embodiments, followed in 6000 abrasions After ring, the water contact angle of glassware is at least 105 °.Also in other embodiments, after 10600 rub cycles, glass The water contact angle of product, which is at least, is more than 90 °.

Can also be assessed by the scratch length after wear testing, being present on glassware glassware to abrasion With the tolerance of degraded.In embodiment as described herein, after 8000 rub cycles, the surface scratches of glassware are long Spend for less than 2 millimeters.

, can also by the reflectivity of glassware after wear testing and/or thoroughly in addition, following article is described in further detail Rate change is penetrated, to assess the tolerance to abrasion and degraded of glassware.In some embodiments, rubbed at least 8000 times After wiping/wipe cycle, the % reflectivity of glassware substantially with the % reflectivity phases for the glassware for not rubbing/not wiping Together.In some embodiments, after at least 8000 times friction/wipe cycles, the % transmissivities of glassware substantially with not The % transmissivities for the glassware rub/not wiped are identical.

Deposition process as described herein can be used to prepare the optical coating without shade.This means optical coating is uniform Ground is deposited on the whole coating surface of glass substrate.In the embodiment of the glass substrate of coating as described herein, from glass The first edge of the optical coating of glass substrate is less than 4% to the difference in thickness of the optical coating of the second edge of optical coating.Example Such as, in some embodiments, from the first edge of the optical coating of glass substrate to the optics of the second edge of optical coating The difference in thickness of coating is less than or equal to 3%.For example, in some other embodiment, from the optical coating of glass substrate First edge is less than or equal to 2% to the difference in thickness of the optical coating of the second edge of optical coating.For example, also other one In a little embodiments, from the first edge of the optical coating of glass substrate to the thickness of the optical coating of the second edge of optical coating Spend difference and be less than or equal to 1%.

Coating equipment 500 as described herein, substrate carrier 130 and/or method can be used to come in glass substrate or other linings Other coatings are formed on bottom (for example, plastic substrate).This other coatings may include optics decorative coating or protective coating, It may include, but be not limited to：Non-absorbing and absorbing material.Exemplary decorative coating can by transparent electrolyte or absorbing material Lai Formed.This material include for example, metal (Cr, Ag, Au, W, Ti etc.), semiconductor (for example, Si, AlN, TCO material, for example ITO and SnO_x, Ge etc.) and absorbing material (SiN_x,SiO_xN_y,TiN,AlSiO_x,CrO_xDeng).

For coating the glass substrate of small-medium size, such as face size scope is about 40mm x 60mm to about 180mm x 320mm those (depending on chamber size), the electron beam deposition of ion auxiliary provides unique advantage.Ion is aided in Coating procedure the optical coating of fresh deposition on the glass surface is provided, it is contemplated that the application of the follow-up ETC coatings optics Coating has low apparent activation energy, because (water is other in the absence of the surface contamination that may damage ETC coating performances and reliability Environmental pollution).ETC coatings are directly applied after the completion of optical coating, the crosslinking between two kinds of fluorine carbon functional groups is improved, improved Wear resistance, and improve contact angle performance (the higher oleophobic being in application to after the rub cycles of thousands of times of coating Property and hydrophobic contact angle).In addition, the electron beam coating of ion auxiliary greatly reduces coating circulation time, coating is enhanced Machine utilization rate and flux.In addition, because the lower activation energy of optical coating surface, it is solid without the heat treatment after deposition or UV Change ETC coatings, this causes the process compatible with not allowing the rear ETC processes of heating.Electricity is aided in using ion as described herein Beamlet PVD processes, ETC materials can be coated on selection area, it is to avoid the other positions of pollution substrate.

Embodiment 1:

4- layers of SiO₂/Nb₂O₅/SiO₂/Nb₂O₅/ substrate AR optical coatings are deposited on 60 (60) piece gorilla glass (Gorilla^TMGlass on (being bought on) from Corning Corp. (Corning Incorporated)), the size of glass (length and width, thickness) is about 115mm L x 60mm W x 0.7mm T.The coating is deposited using method described herein.AR is applied The thickness of layer is about 600 nanometers.It it is 5 nanometers -20 nanometers by using with carbon length range after deposition AR coatings Perfluoroalkyl trichlorosilane (uses the Optool of Daikin Industries company (Daikin Industries)^TMFluorine coating is used as example thing Matter) thermal evaporation, ETC coatings are applied to AR coating tops,

Implement the deposition of AR and ETC coatings in single chamber coating equipment as shown in Figure 1A.Deposition AR coatings it Afterwards, AR coating source materials, thermal evaporation ETC materials are closed, and ETC materials are deposited on the glass of AR coatings.Including part dress Load/unloading, coating procedure is 73 minutes.Subsequently, solidification ETC coatings after and followed with various frictions as shown in table 1 After ring friction surface, water contact angle is determined.Implement wear testing with #0 steel wool and 1kg mass loadings.Data shown in table 1 Show that sample has extraordinary abrasive nature and hydrophobic property.For 6- layers Nb on a glass substrate₂O₅/SiO₂Coating Order and thickness degree are shown in Table 2.

Table -1：Water contact angle abrasion test results

Table 2

Number of layers	Material	Thickness range, nanometer
			6	SiO₂	80-120
5	Nb₂O₅	75-90
			4	SiO₂	5-20
3	Nb₂O₅	40-80
			2	SiO₂	24-40
1	Nb₂O₅	10-20
			Substrate	Glass	It is inapplicable

Embodiment 2:

In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 9, handle is coated in identical fluorine coating used in embodiment 1 is connected as optics On the GRIN- eyeglasses of device, for being used in the optical fiber 206 for notebook.Mark 200 and arrow point to GRIN The selection area of eyeglass, for being arranged on the ETC coatings of 850 nanometers of AR coating tops, there is provided particle and abrasion patience.Mark 202 show optical fiber are connected to notebook or flat device, and mark 204 shows to come using the fibre optic of coating Notebook is connected to docking station (media dock).

Figure 10 is (by substrate/(Nb with 8-10 nanometers of heat deposition in 6 layers of AR coatings₂O₅/SiO₂)₃Composition) on ETC coatings are the glassware of ETC/6L-AR coatings, relative to the wear testing of the only glass sample of the ETC coatings of spraying Data.Glass is the glass of Corning Corp. (Corning) code 2319 of 0.7 commercially available millimeters thick, it be chemical tempering (from What son was exchanged) glass.Implement wear testing under the following conditions：Rank 0000# steel wool, on 10mm x 10mm areas 10kg is loaded, 60Hz, 50mm displacements, RH<40%.It is the standard for judging coating failure that water contact angle, which is more than 75 °,.It was found that tool There are AR coatings and without the glass of ETC coatings, after only 10-20 wipe cycles, be just scratched damage.Figure 10 shows two kinds of glass The starting water contact angle of sample is 120 °, and after 6000 abrasion cycles, the only water contact of the glass sample of ETC coatings Angle is 80 °, and the water contact angle that glass sample that is as described herein and preparing is ETC/6 layers of-AR coatings is at least 105 °. After 10000 rub cycles, the water contact angle of the product of ETC/6 layers of-AR coatings coating is more than 90 °.The test is clearly illustrated Glassware with the ETC coatings for being deposited on AR coating tops, with than the glass system containing only the ETC coatings for being applied to glass The much higher scratch resistance degree of product.

Figure 11 compares the 8-10nm that (1) has 6 layers of PVD IAD-EB AR coatings and heat deposition in the AR coating tops The glassware (being represented by mark 220 and diamond data mark) of ETC coatings, relative to with first it is commercially available painting cover The PVD-AR coatings of standby deposition and in second chamber with commercial methods such as dip-coating or the city of spray deposited ETC coatings Sell the wear durability of glassware (being represented by mark 222 and square Data Labels).Two kinds of coatings are all deposited on phase On the same glass sample of chemical tempering (ion exchange) 0.7 millimeters thick Corning Corp. (Corning) code 2319.According to this The described method coated glass article 220 of invention.Commercially available glassware is coated by commercially available coating supplier.It is in relative humidity 40% time implementation friction durability.At by the point indicated by arrow 224, after 8000 times circulate, only occur being less than 2 millimeters Long narrow and shallow scraping.On the contrary, by the point indicated by arrow 226, occurring as soon as long more than 5 millimeters after being wiped at only 200 times It is deep often to scrape.Test result shows the friction durability of the AR coating-ETC glass of coating as described herein, at least than commercially available production The friction durability of product is big 10 times.

Figure 17 B graphically show change of the water contact angle with abrasion cycles, show using construction as shown in Figure 17 A Coating equipment improved.Water contact angle result can be compared with those of Figure 10 and 11.As shown by data in Figure 17 B, After 10000 rub cycles, it is more than 110 °, and essentially all substrate in the water contact angle of all substrates shown in Figure 17 B Water contact angle is more than or equal to 112 °.On the contrary, Figure 10 and 11 as shown by data, after 10000 rub cycles, water contact angle is small In 100 °.In addition, Figure 17 B data are also shown that the substrate for having carried out 12000 rub cycles, the water contact angle of substrate is big In 106 °.

Figure 12 is picture of the % reflectivity relative to wavelength, and wherein reflectivity refers to from use AR coatings as described herein and ETC The percentage of the light of the glass article surface reflection of the coating of coating coating.For each rubbing test using it is new (do not rub or Do not wipe) product.Implement abrasion/rubbing test under the following conditions：Rank 0000# steel wool, in 10mm x 10mm areas On 10kg load, 60Hz, 50mm displacements, RH<40%.Measure the reflectivity after 6K, 7K, 8K and 9K.Figure table Bright, the product of new for up to 8K times wiping of product and wiping has substantially the same reflectivity.After 8K times wipes, reflection Rate increase.It is believed that this reflectivity increase is because because substantial amounts of wiping causes the mild wear of glass surface.In figure, Alphabetical " A " refers to " after wiping ", and alphabetical " B " refers to " before wiping " (zero wipes).Alphabetical " K " refers to " thousand " or " 1,000 ".

Figure 13 is picture of the % transmissivities relative to wavelength.The institute coated in use AR coatings as described herein and ETC coatings State and implement test on the glassware of coating.For product of each rubbing test using new (do not rub or do not wipe).Transmissivity is surveyed Examination product used is identical with reflectance test.Picture shows that the product of new for up to 8K times wiping of product and wiping has base Similar transmissivity in sheet, transmission ranges are 95-96%.After 8K times wipes, the transmissivity in whole wave-length coverage Drop to about 92%.It is believed that it is because because substantial amounts of wiping causes the mild wear of glass surface that this transmissivity, which declines,. In figure, alphabetical " A " refers to " after wiping ", and alphabetical " B " refers to " before wiping " (zero wipes).Alphabetical " K " refers to " thousand " or " 1,000 ".

Optical coating of Figure 12 and 13 as shown by data on glassware is highly durable, in addition with excellent water Contact angle retains, as shown in FIG. 10 and 11.

Figure 14 is pictures of the reflectivity % relative to wavelength, it is shown that relative to the glass without AR coatings, AR coatings/cycle Influence of the number to reflectivity.Curve 240 represents uncoated chemcor glass, Corning Incorporated's code 2319.Curve 244 It is by SiO₂/Nb₂O₃The 2- layers or 1- cycle coatings of composition.Curve 246 and 248 is by SiO₂/Nb₂O₃4- layer (2 of the layer to composition Cycle) and 6- layers of (3 cycle) coating.Curve 242 is 1- layers of Nb₂O₃Coating.As shown by data, increase AR coating stacks number (layer/ Cycle), the utilization of AR coating spectral regions will be widened, and will reduction reflectivity %.

Embodiment 3:

Figure 18 is with 6 layers of AR coatings (Nb₂O₅/SiO₂) and ETC coatings coating glass substrate reflectivity (y-axis) with ripple The computer simulation of the change of long (x-axis).The thickness change of the AR coatings of simulation is 2%.Therefore, gained reflectance curve is simulated With 6 layers of AR coatings (Nb₂O₅/SiO₂) and an ETC apply reflectivity, wherein the thickness change of the ETC coatings is 2%.Figure 19 figures Show to shape with 6 layers of AR coatings (Nb₂O₅/SiO₂) and ETC coatings coating multiple actual samples reflectivity (y-axis) with The change of wavelength, uses methods and apparatuses described herein.As shown in figure 19, the reflectance curve and analog sample of actual sample Reflectance curve it is similar, therefore show that the sample coated using method described herein has optical coating, wherein the optics Thickness change (that is, from the first edge of the optical coating to second edge) of the coating on the substrate entirely coated is less than 3%.

AR/ETC coatings as described herein, available for many commercial articles.For example, gained coating can be used to prepare TV, Mobile phone, electronic tablet and book reader and other devices that can be read in the sun.The AR/ETC coatings can be additionally used in Antireflective beam splitter, prism, mirror and laser product；Optical fiber and component for communication；Optics for biomedical applications Coating；With for antimicrobial surface.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that can be in the spirit and scope without departing from the theme for requiring patent right In the case of, various modifications and changes are carried out to embodiment as described herein.Therefore, this specification is intended to described herein Various embodiments modifications and variations form, as long as these modifications and variations forms fall in appended claims and its equivalent Within the scope of content.

Claims

1. a kind of substrate carrier for being used to fix substrate in coating procedure, the substrate carrier includes：

Substrate carrier pedestal, its substrate dwell region for including arrest surface, bottom surface and being arranged on arrest surface, substrate stops The area in region is stayed to be less than the area of arrest surface；

Multiple magnets, it is attached to the bottom surface of the substrate carrier pedestal and is arranged on beyond the substrate dwell zone perimeters；

Multiple pins for supporting the substrate being arranged on arrest surface；

Spring system, it includes the retractable pin and the bullet when substrate is arranged on arrest surface by spring fix in position Spring offsets retractable pin to contact substrate；With

The multiple sides extended from substrate carrier pedestal stop pin, and the distance of extension causes when substrate is arranged on multiple pins Multiple sides stop the top of pin below the top surface of substrate.

2. substrate carrier as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that also including adhesive material, the adhesive material is set Above the arrest surface in substrate dwell region, table is stopped for being releasedly fixed at least one substrate to be coated Face.

3. the substrate carrier as described in claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that also include：

Housing, it, which has, is arranged on retractable pin within housing, wherein retractable pin is by spring fix in position, when Retractable pin outwards offsets from housing and contacts substrate when substrate is arranged on arrest surface；With

When substrate is arranged on arrest surface for fixing multiple moveable pins of edges of substrate, wherein, it is described to use In the position of multiple moveable pins of fixed edges of substrate be adjustable, to accommodate the substrate of different shape and size.

4. a kind of substrate carrier for being used to fix substrate in coating procedure, the substrate carrier includes：

Substrate carrier pedestal, its substrate dwell region for including arrest surface, bottom surface and being arranged on arrest surface；

Adhesive material, it is arranged on above the arrest surface in substrate dwell region and treated for being releasably secured to few one The substrate of coating；

Multiple pins for supporting the substrate being arranged on arrest surface；

5. substrate carrier as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that the substrate carrier is additionally included in arrest surface and bonding The polymer film set between agent material, the polymer film includes thermoplastic polymer film or electrostatic film, and wherein described Adhesive material includes one kind in contact adhesive, acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesive and silicone adhesive agent.

6. a kind of coating equipment for coated substrate, the coating equipment includes：

Vacuum chamber；

Rotatable dome, it is arranged in vacuum chamber, and including magnetic material；

Substrate carrier as any one of claim 1-5；With

Plasma source, the plasma source is arranged within vacuum chamber, and substantially vertical orientation, so that plasma is guided Onto the bottom surface of rotatable dome, wherein, plasma source is arranged on below rotatable dome and from rotatable dome Rotation axis radially outward, so as to launch from the plasma of plasma source from the outward flange of at least rotatable dome Incide on the bottom surface of rotatable dome in center at least rotatable dome.

7. coating equipment as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that rotatable the dome rotation axis and plasma The distance between source is more than the distance between circumference and plasma source of the projection of rotatable dome.

8. the coating equipment as described in claim 6 or claim 7, it is characterised in that also including at least one electron beam source, It is arranged in vacuum chamber, and is orientated on the coating source material being arranged on so that electron beam is directed in vacuum chamber, and at least One adjustable shadow mask being arranged within vacuum chamber.

9. coating equipment as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that the rotatable dome includes：

The opening of rotatable dome center of top；

Cover the transparency glass plate of the opening of rotatable dome；With

Monitor, the monitor is located in the opening of transparency glass plate, the coating material deposited for monitoring in vacuum chamber it is heavy Product speed.