CN105142898B - Antifriction composite with aluminium bearing metal layer - Google Patents
Antifriction composite with aluminium bearing metal layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN105142898B CN105142898B CN201480021360.8A CN201480021360A CN105142898B CN 105142898 B CN105142898 B CN 105142898B CN 201480021360 A CN201480021360 A CN 201480021360A CN 105142898 B CN105142898 B CN 105142898B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/122—Multilayer structures of sleeves, washers or liners
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/20—Alloys based on aluminium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to antifriction composite, the antifriction composite has steel substrate layer, the aluminum being arranged on substrate layer or the lead-free aluminium alloy intermediate layer in addition to impurity, with the lead-free aluminium alloy bearing metal layer in addition to impurity of setting on the intermediate layer, the aluminium alloy includes the tin of 6.0 10.0 weight %, the silicon of 2.0 4.0 weight %, the copper of 0.7 1.2 weight %, the chromium of 0.15 0.25 weight %, the titanium of 0.02 0.20 weight %, the vanadium of 0.1 0.3 weight %, optionally less than other elements of 0.5 weight %, surplus is aluminium.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antifriction composite, the antifriction composite has steel substrate layer, is arranged on
Aluminum on substrate layer, the lead-free aluminium alloy intermediate layer preferably in addition to impurity, and set on the intermediate layer except
Lead-free aluminium alloy bearing metal layer outside impurity.
Background technology
This antifriction composite is developed the bearing case being used in particular for used in the internal combustion engine of motor vehicles
Or bearing holder (housing, cover) or thrust plate.It is the theme of more documents.Such as 1 334 285 A1, DE 10 2,011 003 of document EP
797 B3, DE 102 46 848 B4 or 2 105 518 A2 of EP have studied the improvement of bearing metal composition.Pass through last
Alumin(i)um bearing alloy known to piece document includes the Si of 1.5 to 8 weight %, and the Sn of 3 to 40 weight %, total amount is 0.1 to 6 weight %
One or more be selected from Cu, Zn and Mg element, total amount be 0.01 to 3 weight % choose any one kind of them or it is a variety of selected from Mn, V,
The element of Mo, Cr, Ni, Co and B and other aluminium.Research Challenges in the document wrap in the alumin(i)um bearing alloy product in completion
The particle diameter distribution of the Si- particles contained, the particle diameter that the Si- particles should include certain content with certain and extremely wide distribution form are small
In the larger Si- particles that 4 μm of smaller Si- particles and particle diameter are 4 to 20 μm.By given distribution can reduce material with
Slide the trend (seizure trend) that couple is clung and improve the combination of particle in the material.In order to reach required particle diameter point
Cloth, the order taken according to the teaching of the document are moving back within the time at a temperature of 350 DEG C to 450 DEG C when 8 to 24 is small
Fiery step and subsequent milling step.
By antifriction composite known to 10 2,011 003 797 B3 of DE, the antifriction composite tool
There is steel substrate layer, the intermediate layer being arranged on the substrate layer and be arranged on being free of in addition to impurity on the intermediate layer
The aluminium alloy bearing metal layer of lead.The aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer includes the tin of 10.5-14 weight %, 2-3.5 weight %
Silicon, the copper of 0.4-0.6 weight %, the chromium of 0.15-0.25 weight %, the strontium of 0.01-0.08 weight % and 0.05-0.25 weight %
Titanium.Silicon is present in bearing metal layer with such contoured profile in granular form so that in terms of the area of bearing metal layer,
The area ratio of a diameter of 4 μm to 8 μm of visible silicon grain in the area is at least 2.5%.Herein on high wear-resisting
Property improves chemical composition and hard particles.
For being accounted in being applied in start and stop for leading mixed film friction condition, wearability is always key factor, therefore is begun
There is optimization eventually needs.In addition, inventor also has the purpose for the fatigue strength for raising simultaneously bearing material.
The content of the invention
The purpose is realized by the antifriction composite of the feature with claim 1 according to the present invention.
In the antifriction composite of the above-mentioned type, the aluminium alloy that the present invention is designed as bearing metal layer includes 6.0-
The tin of 10.0 weight %, the silicon of 2.0-4.0 weight %, the copper of 0.7-1.2 weight %, the chromium of 0.15-0.25 weight %, 0.02-
The titanium of 0.20 weight %, the vanadium of 0.1-0.3 weight %, and optionally less than other elements of 0.5 weight %, surplus are aluminium.
In this context, " not leaded in addition to impurity " is understood to optionally because the impurity of each alloying element
And existing lead proportion can be less than 0.1 weight % under any circumstance.
The inventors discovered that particularly when using ductility intermediate layer, compared with the prior art in common situation, lead to
Cross the microalloy element that specific selection Theil indices combine adaptation clearly can design axis on the direction of elevated fatigue strength
Hold metal layer.Therefore bearing be applicable not only to base bearing field and be suitable for connecting-rod bearing material, in base bearing field
Occur more and more mixed film friction conditions in start stop operation, (waterpower) machine of bearing is not provided under the conditions of the mixed film friction
Oil lubrication.
No matter antifriction composite preparation when suitable temperature control and suitable shaping degree, add Ti and change
Into the crystal grain refinement of the host material in casting method.By accurately maintaining 0.02-0.2 weight %, preferably 0.04-0.1 weight
The Ti- contents of % are measured, can be in view of adjusting Al- matrix under the low cooling velocity for the casting method that Si- particle diameter distributions are endeavoured
The particle diameter refined enough of material, it ensures the high intensity of host material and good extension property.On the other hand, host material
Distribution of the particle diameter distribution not only to Si- particles have an impact (because Si is dissolved in Al- matrix), also to soft phase (i.e. along crystalline substance
The not molten Sn on boundary) storage have an impact.Therefore Ti- contents need the content with Si and Sn to coordinate as accurately as possible.
The content of Sn is in 6.0 weight % to 10.0 weight % according to the present invention, and preferably 8.0 weight % are to 10.0 weight %'s
In the range of.Exactly within the range, the alloy system of bearing metal layer has outstanding sliding capability and due to as soft
The rather low Theil indices of phase and with for more high load necessary intensity, enabling for mixed film friction condition.
According to the present invention, by 4 weight %, the upper limit of preferably 3 weight % sets low Si- contents, so as to provide in view of rolling
The ductility of bearing metal layer needed for the high shaping degree of step processed.On the other hand, the minimum of 2.0 weight % of Si- particles
Content is necessary, and use is so as to enough wearabilities of adjustment bearing metal material.By provide Si or Si- particles and its by
The size of Heat Treatment Control, can substantially reduce seizure trend, this is favourable again under the conditions of mixed film friction.Here, not
The situation in pure Al intermediate layers is same as, Si- contents are not crucial with crisp mutually formed for diffusion process.
Cr- contents must be taken into consideration with Cu- contents.In view of the elevated temperature strength of material, both elements are in aluminum matrix
It is proved to be especially important.Them are needed all the time in high load capacity application.The Cr- contents of 0.15 to 0.25 weight % are closed at the same time
The Cu of the weight % contents of aurification 0.7 to 1.2 is proved to be favourable, so as to form the precipitation of enough rise intensity in matrix
Thing.On the other hand the Cr contents of 0.25 weight % and the Cu contents of 1.2 weight % is not to be exceeded, so that no longer negative effect can be into
Shape.Finally, the combination of Cr and Cu also produces following positive effect, and the upper limit of the 1.2 weight % of used Cu reduces cost
And that improves material recycles ability.
Finally, the aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer has the vanadium of 0.1 to 0.3 weight %.Vanadium suppresses the recrystallization of host material,
Because it raises the recrystallization temperature of host material.Therefore vanadium is used to improve elevated temperature strength, it allows to adjust without problems together with Ti
Section adapts to soft phase and the particle diameter of Si.
Preferably, the aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer has the 0.2% yield limit R more than 90MPap,0.2With more than 145MPa
Tensile strength Rm, wherein material parameter at room temperature in the tension test according to DIN EN ISO 6892-1 determine.
Unexpectedly prove, the addition of vanadium cooperates with the relatively low Theil indices of 6 to 10 weight % to cause significantly first
Intensity raises, particularly 0.2% yield limit Rp,0.2More than 60% rise and tensile strength RmBe more than 15% rise.
, it is surprising that 0.2% low content of vanadium and Theil indices from the slightly reduction of 12% to 8 weight % (from passing through DE 10
Material known to 201 1 003 797B3 sets out) in the case of, i.e., the significant change is had occurred and that in small activity space.
Preferably, the aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer have at least one strontium for being selected from 0.01-0.08 weight %, 0.1-
The metal of 0.2% zirconium and 0.1-0.2 scandium.
For wearability, the particle diameter distribution of the Si in addition to Si- contents in bearing metal layer be also it is conclusive, Si's
Particle diameter distribution is influenced by chemical composition again.The inventors discovered that under above-mentioned Si- contents, purposefully add 0.03 to
A small amount of Sr in the range of 0.08 weight % is conducive to the adjustability of particle diameter distribution.In view of abrasion minimizes, Sr and casting method
Afterwards<75K/ seconds, preferably<The particle diameter distribution of the low cooling velocity common guarantee optimization of 50K/ seconds.Sr influences Si- particles at the same time
Form, due to Sr- contents, Si- particles have after the casting at middle part compared to the refinement not added observed by Sr and
The appearance being rounded.In this way, in view of the heat treatment of follow-up work step and rolling, the formability of host material is substantially
Do not deteriorated because adding Si.Sr- contents and Si- content precise coordinations.
Preferably, there are 25 μm to 70 μm with the intermediate layer of the sliding bearing element of final size rolling, preferably 25 μm extremely
50 μm of thickness d2。
Intermediate layer preferably has the microhardness of 40HV 0.01 to 90HV 0.01.
Vickers hardness test is enterprising in (unfashioned) sliding bearing element of completion according to European standard EN 6507-1
OK.Test probe (pressure head) herein on the in-plane in intermediate layer sliding bearing element preparation cut edge scope
Interior press-in.It is preferred that prepare cut edge by grinding.
Preferably, the silicon in bearing metal layer is distributed in granular form is present in bearing metal layer so that in 0.04mm2
Area on there are 30-70>5 μm of particle.The particle diameter distribution is proved to be particularly advantageous, because>5 μm of Si- is hard
Plasmid is sufficiently large, so as to carry the brilliant wearability for ensureing material as hard.
In order to determine particle diameter distribution, the bearing metal layer of the micro- Microscopic observation certain size of the amplification at preferably 500 times
Surface sections.Here, bearing metal layer can be observed in any plane, because it was assumed that substantially uniform point of the Si- particles in layer
Cloth at least assumes that being distributed in for intentionally or accidentally uneven (for example gradually increasing or decreasing in one direction) is any
In the case of all without departing from required boundary.For this reason, the bearing metal layer of preferably fabricated so profile so that plane is made first
Grinding.The profile of visible Si- particles in measurement surface section, determines its most long visible dimension and is equal to diameter.Then
Make diameter in surface sections>5 μm of all Si- particles are added, its number in the whole measurement area studied is with standard
Area meter.Can also determine to fall into the grade (>5 μm) all Si- particles diameter and be added and thus calculate flat
Average.
It is particularly preferred that>The average Si- particle diameters of the Si- particles of 5 μm of all measurements are 6-8 μm.6 to 8 μm of diameter is protected
Having demonstrate,proved particle will not be excessive so that cause the intensity of matrix particularly reduces under dynamic stress.
As described above, the Size Distribution of silicon grain preferably after casting method by less than 75K/s, particularly preferably less than
The cooling velocity of 50K/s is adjusted.
In addition unexpectedly it is proved to advantageously, folder of the tin in the form of granules or in matrix in bearing metal layer
The formal distribution of debris exists so that in 1.42mm2Measurement area on be no more than 50 areas more than 100 μm2
Grain.
Carry out the preparation of the bearing metal layer for measuring tin distribution as described above herein.Existed by means of EDX- analysis identifications
The visible Sn- particles of electronic scanner microscope are used in planar cross-sectional, wherein basis belongs to the intensity value ranges of tin in planar cross-sectional
In found.It is then determined that the area ratio of single tin particles.Falling into for electron scanning micrograph is counted for this to belong to
The continuous picture point of the intensity value ranges of tin.In the case of the known dimensions of planar cross-sectional and the known resolution of photo, make
With electronic scanner microscope it is also known that the size of single picture point.Tin can be determined by the number and image spot size of continuous picture point
The area of particle.Finally the tin particles determined in planar cross-sectional are divided into for example<100μm2With>100μm2Size grades
Or the size grades of other levels.
In the case according to the invention, if the planar cross-sectional studied is not consistent with measurement area, then make plane
Area in section>100μm2All Sn- particles be added and in 1.42mm2Canonical measure area on to its number carry out
Standardization.
Preferably, polymerization is particularly set on bearing metal layer in the bearing application of the especially high stress of internal combustion engine
Thing base coating.
Particularly under high loads, polymeric layer causes the uniform power load distributing on whole bearing width.Pass through polymerization
The elasticity and plasticity adaptability of nitride layer, thus can further raise the processing safety of whole bearing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows the Primary layer construction of one embodiment of antifriction composite according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows the Primary layer construction of second embodiment of antifriction composite according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows the figure of definite Si- particle diameter distributions；
Fig. 4 shows the intensity level for depending on content of vanadium and Theil indices and extension at break of contrast bearing metal alloy
Figure, and
Fig. 5 shows the figure of the particle diameter distribution of the tin phase in contrast bearing metal alloy.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically shows the cross section of antifriction composite according to first embodiment of the invention.
It has 3 layers altogether.As the layer of the top, bearing metal layer 10 is depicted in Fig. 1, it has according to claim
Al- bases form.Bearing metal layer 10 is applied on steel pedestal layer or substrate layer 14 by intermediate layer 12.Serve as bearing in intermediate layer
Tackifier between metal layer 10 and steel layer.It is made of pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Surface sections 20 are also symbolically shown in Fig. 1, it has the internal structure shown in Fig. 3 after amplifying.In order to
The image of this surface sections is obtained, plane grinding is manufactured preferably at the suitable position of bearing metal layer.Different from Fig. 1
Diagram, for example can also observe surface sections parallel to slidingsurface.
In antifriction composite according to the present invention, the layer thickness in intermediate layer is preferably 25 μm to 70 μm, especially
Preferably no greater than 50 μm.
According to the second of Fig. 2 embodiment there is following different layer to construct, polymer is applied on bearing metal layer 10'
Coating 16, the polymer coating 16 are particularly advantageous in the bearing application of especially high stress.
The invention is not restricted to the embodiment shown in the two.It is likely to provide the multilayer row with other functional layers
Row.Also it is not excluded for gradient layer.Therefore the number quantity and form of layer do not limit substantially.However, mainly due to section described above
About cost the reason for, preferably have as the permitted small number of layers of safety operation antifriction composite.
The method for being used for determining the Si particle diameter distributions in bearing metal layer is explained below with respect to Fig. 3.Bearing is being manufactured first
Metal layer plane surface grinding (such as extending to slidingsurface) after, such as 500 times amplification microscope under selection and
The surface sections 20 of bearing metal layer of the mark with certain length of side and width.It is, for example, the square of 500 μm and 800 μm of the length of side
Shape, that is, it is 400000 μm to measure area2A large amount of Si- particles 22 are found in the surface sections, it is rule of thumb due to certain
Ash is worth scope or colour scope and is optically different from other field trashes (particularly soft phase) and impurity particle, other are mingled with
Thing (particularly soft phase) and impurity particle are not shown here.It is preferred that the automatic identification Si- particles in electronic image identifying system.
The profile of Si- particles 22 is measured, regardless of its shape, determines its most long visible dimension.The dimension is referred to as diameter.According to it
Diameter divides Si- particle grades, such as>5 μm and/or<2 μm, 2-4 μm, 4-6 μm, 6-8 μm etc..
It is possible thereby to it is preferable to determine two sizes.Simple count belongs to the number of the Si- particles of these grades, then in order to
Comparativity is in such as 0.04mm2Standard area on convert.Alternatively or extraly, can also determine to belong to all grades
Particle particle area and be added and thus calculate average value.
Fig. 4 shows three kinds of different compositions of the aluminium alloy of contrast bearing metal layer under two kinds of different test temperatures
Intensity level " yield limit Rp,0.2" and " tensile strength Rm" and elongation at break " A " block diagram.Alloy includes as seen from Table 1
Formed with what weight % was counted：
Table 1
Selection bearing metal alloy as known to by 10 201 1 003 797 B3 of document DE is used as the prior art
(1. comparative example).Add vanadium in the alloy from its and test the new alloy as the second comparative example.Two
Embodiment with having the embodiment of the composition of elevated Cu- contents and the Sn- contents reduced to contrast according to the present invention.Respectively
Ground, the first comparative example represent by left side histogram graph representation, the second comparative example by middle column figure, according to the present invention
Embodiment is by right side histogram graph representation.Contrasted at room temperature in left one side of something of Fig. 4, in the right half of survey at 175 DEG C of Fig. 4
Contrasted at a temperature of examination.
It was found that compared to known composition, the composition of alloying element within the scope of the invention is especially in 175 DEG C of liter
Cause tensile strength R under high test temperaturemThe notable rise more than 40%, wherein about 30% elongation is still enough
It is high.It has also been found that the addition that the behavior is derived from vanadium combines while the appropriateness rise and the reduction of Sn- contents of Cu- contents.
Unexpectedly it has also been found that producing finer tin in the compositing range of bearing metal alloy according to the present invention
Distribution.This is confirmed that Fig. 5 shows the soft phase in the aluminum matrix in above three embodiment by the two width figures of Fig. 5
The Size Distribution of measurement.Soft distributed mutually is determined on electronic scanner microscope (REM) by EDX- measurements.Herein first
Sn- phases in identification grinding, this is carried out according to the characteristic gray value of its restriction on certain surface.Analyzed and examined by means of EDX-
Test the chemical composition of the Sn- phases determined by its gray value.Then on its size (area) consider it is all with gray value and
The EDX- particles that are consistent of analysis and be categorized into can unrestricted choice size grades.The result is that on Sn- phase sizes and its waiting
The structural characterization of distribution in level.
Each left side column description in Fig. 5 is according to each grade provided below that falls into of the comparative example 1 of table 1
The number of the soft phase particle of size, intermediolateral column describe the comparative example 2 according to table 1, and right side column describes the basis according to table 1
The embodiment of the present invention.Number is also provided in a tabular form respectively below the information of size grades.Shown in the top figure of Fig. 5
Show<1μm2To 20 μm2Grade, 20 μm are shown in the figure of lower section2Extremely>150μm2Grade, wherein note that lower section figure have
There is different ordinate scales.It is 1.42mm that the counting and measurement of Sn- phases, which are based respectively on size,2Area.
It was found that there are significantly more grade in alloy according to the present invention<10μm2Particle, and grade>100μm2's
Particle significantly reduces.This is especially responsible for improved intensity.The reason is that the more larger continuous Sn- models of Al- Medium Cultures
Enclose or particle cause it is structural weakening because its in the form of separated soft phase exist (Sn- phases or soft phase), this machinery should
Detrimental effect is played under power, particularly elevated temperature.Therefore the tin in bearing metal layer is preferably so distributed so that
1.42mm2Area on can see that no more than 50 areas be more than 100 μm2Sn- particles.
The specific selection of the alloying element of bearing metal alloy is unexpectedly also to the Si- sediments in bearing metal layer
Have an impact.Si- Size Distributions again have a direct impact intensity and wearability as determined by being explained according to Fig. 3.Excessively
Coarse Si- particles serve as interior notches and reduce intensity.But need at the same time in the size range between 2 and 8 μm
Enough Si- particles so as to ensure the known excellent abrasive resistance of AlSnSi- alloys because>5 μm of Si- hard particles are enough
Greatly, it carries crystalline substance as hard contributes to the wearability of material.The requirement can parameterize in a suitable manner as follows：Bearing metal layer
In silicon grain be distributed presence in this way on its diameter so that in 0.04mm2Area on there are 30-70>5μm
Particle, preferred diameter>The average Si- particle diameters of the Si- particles of 5 μm of all measurements are 6.0-8.0 μm.Due to alloying element
Specific selection, is distributed (it is further ensured that good wearability) with reference to finer Sn- distributions and Si-, therefore these alloys
Outstanding compromise is formed for the bearing metal alloy with rise intensity.
Since bearing metal surface is contacted with counter-rotating object, seizure behavior and fatigue strength are in a manner of first approximation
It is controlled by bearing metal.The inventors discovered that intermediate layer also contributes to the load-bearing capacity of bearing.The axis in plain fatigue
Hold in the case of breaking down, crack advances to the most weak position of composite material from surface.Fitted due to good in intermediate layer
Should be able to power ensure that roller welding bearing metal (spraying plating) on the intermediate layer and on steel roller welding be made of bearing metal and intermediate layer
It will not be produced with reference to problem during coating systems (pressure welding).Particularly in the case of the start and stop motor of more high load capacity, intermediate layer also changes
Into the performance of sliding bearing because it will not undergo aging phenomenon, will not particularly undergo due to caused by temperature in base material
The formation of the crisp phases of AlFe- between the metal at boundary between the steel of layer and intermediate layer, therefore it can be persistently kept on strong
The mechanical performance coordinated with ideal style and bearing metal layer of degree and ductility.
Claims (12)
1. antifriction composite, the antifriction composite has steel substrate layer, the aluminium being arranged on substrate layer
System or the lead-free aluminium alloy intermediate layer in addition to impurity, and on the intermediate layer lead-free in addition to impurity is set
Aluminium alloy bearing metal layer, the aluminium alloy include
The tin of 6.0-10.0 weight %,
2.0-4.0 the silicon of weight %,
The copper of 0.7-1.2 weight %,
The chromium of 0.15-0.25 weight %,
The titanium of 0.02-0.20 weight %,
The vanadium of 0.1-0.3 weight %,
Optionally less than other elements of 0.5 weight %, remaining as aluminium, the wherein tin in bearing metal layer is distributed in granular form
In the presence of so that in 1.42mm2Area on no more than 50 areas be more than 100 μm2Sn particles,
Silicon in bearing metal layer is distributed presence in granular form so that in 0.04mm2Area on there are 30-70>5 μm
Si- particles.
2. antifriction composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer has big
In the 0.2% yield limit R of 90MPap,0.2With the tensile strength more than 145MPa.
3. antifriction composite according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the aluminium alloy tool of bearing metal layer
There is the element of at least one strontium for being selected from 0.01-0.08 weight %, 0.1-0.2% zirconium and 0.1-0.2 scandium.
4. antifriction composite according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in the aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer
The ratio of tin be 8.0-10.0 weight %.
5. antifriction composite according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in the aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer
The ratio of silicon be 2.0-3.0 weight %.
6. antifriction composite according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that in the aluminium alloy of bearing metal layer
The ratio of titanium be 0.04-0.10 weight %.
7. antifriction composite according to claim 1, it is characterised in that measured in bearing metal layer>5 μm
The average Si- particle diameters of all Si- particles are 6.0-8.0 μm.
8. antifriction composite according to claim 7, it is characterised in that after casting method by less than
The cooling velocity of 75K/s adjusts the Size Distribution of the silicon grain in bearing metal layer.
9. antifriction composite according to claim 8, it is characterised in that after casting method by less than
The cooling velocity of 50K/s adjusts the Size Distribution of the silicon grain in bearing metal layer.
10. antifriction composite according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that intermediate layer is with 25-70 μm
Thickness d2。
11. antifriction composite according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that intermediate layer has 40HV 0.01-
The microhardness of 90HV 0.01.
12. antifriction composite according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that be provided with bearing metal layer
Coating based on polymer.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013210662.9A DE102013210662B4 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2013-06-07 | Sliding bearing composite material with aluminum bearing metal layer |
| DE102013210662.9 | 2013-06-07 | ||
| PCT/EP2014/061821 WO2014195458A2 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2014-06-06 | Sliding bearing composite comprising an aluminium bearing metal layer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105142898A CN105142898A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| CN105142898B true CN105142898B (en) | 2018-04-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201480021360.8A Active CN105142898B (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2014-06-06 | Antifriction composite with aluminium bearing metal layer |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10167898B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3003714A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6426720B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101930991B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105142898B (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112015030167A2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013210662B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014195458A2 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017205338A1 (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Roll-clad aluminum triaxial bearing |
| AT522440B1 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-15 | Miba Gleitlager Austria Gmbh | Multi-layer plain bearing element |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4471029A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1984-09-11 | Taiho Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Al-Si-Sn Bearing Alloy and bearing composite |
| BR9403710A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1997-02-25 | Metal Leve Sa | Bimetallic strip for bearing and process for production of bimetallic strip for bearing |
| JP3356673B2 (en) * | 1998-01-21 | 2002-12-16 | エヌデーシー株式会社 | Multi-layer plain bearing |
| US6419769B1 (en) * | 1998-09-08 | 2002-07-16 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Aluminum-silicon alloy having improved properties at elevated temperatures and process for producing cast articles therefrom |
| JP3857503B2 (en) | 2000-07-26 | 2006-12-13 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Aluminum bearing alloy |
| GB2366531B (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2004-08-11 | Daido Metal Co | Method and apparatus for continuous casting of aluminum bearing alloy |
| WO2002040883A1 (en) * | 2000-11-15 | 2002-05-23 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Non-plated aluminum based bearing alloy with performance-enhanced interlayer |
| JP3472284B2 (en) | 2001-10-10 | 2003-12-02 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Aluminum bearing alloy |
| AT414128B (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-09-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | ALUMINUM ALLOY FOR TRIBOLOGY CLASSIFIED SURFACES |
| AT502546B1 (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-10-15 | Miba Gleitlager Gmbh | BEARING ELEMENT |
| JP5399645B2 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2014-01-29 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Aluminum base bearing alloy |
| JP5021536B2 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2012-09-12 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | Plain bearing |
| DE102009002700B3 (en) * | 2009-04-28 | 2010-09-30 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Slide bearing element with lead-free aluminum bearing metal layer |
| JP2011027241A (en) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-10 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | Sliding bearing |
| JP5683574B2 (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2015-03-11 | 大豊工業株式会社 | Bearing device |
| JP2011236470A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-24 | Daido Metal Co Ltd | Aluminum-based bearing alloy and production method of the same |
| DE102011003797B3 (en) * | 2011-02-08 | 2012-05-03 | Federal-Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh | Plain bearing composite material |
-
2013
- 2013-06-07 DE DE102013210662.9A patent/DE102013210662B4/en active Active
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2014
- 2014-06-06 JP JP2016517620A patent/JP6426720B2/en active Active
- 2014-06-06 BR BR112015030167A patent/BR112015030167A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2014-06-06 EP EP14728959.9A patent/EP3003714A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2014-06-06 WO PCT/EP2014/061821 patent/WO2014195458A2/en active Application Filing
- 2014-06-06 CN CN201480021360.8A patent/CN105142898B/en active Active
- 2014-06-06 KR KR1020157034645A patent/KR101930991B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2014-06-06 US US14/896,502 patent/US10167898B2/en active Active
Also Published As
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|---|---|
| US20160131186A1 (en) | 2016-05-12 |
| US10167898B2 (en) | 2019-01-01 |
| DE102013210662B4 (en) | 2017-11-09 |
| EP3003714A2 (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| BR112015030167A2 (en) | 2017-07-25 |
| KR101930991B1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
| DE102013210662A1 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
| WO2014195458A3 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| KR20160015243A (en) | 2016-02-12 |
| CN105142898A (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| JP6426720B2 (en) | 2018-11-21 |
| WO2014195458A2 (en) | 2014-12-11 |
| JP2016526104A (en) | 2016-09-01 |
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