CN105142387A - Ultrasonically enhanced seed germination system - Google Patents
Ultrasonically enhanced seed germination system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105142387A CN105142387A CN201380041389.8A CN201380041389A CN105142387A CN 105142387 A CN105142387 A CN 105142387A CN 201380041389 A CN201380041389 A CN 201380041389A CN 105142387 A CN105142387 A CN 105142387A
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Abstract
The invention consists of a sonication and imbedding process for the uptake of water and/or other beneficial substances into a seed. The seed to be treated is immersed in water or other liquids. The seed is exposed to sound energy at frequencies between 15 kHz and 30 kHz for periods between about 1 and 20 minutes. The ultrasonic energy utilizes an alternating ultrasonic transmission where the first patt of the transmission is a saw tooth wave form lasting 50 milliseconds, followed by a square wave form lasting 50 milliseconds, in the preferred embodiment but other variations of the alternating sonic wave form can be employed. Alternatively a sinusoidal ultrasonic transmission may be employed to generate cavitation forces by the adiabatic collapse of micro bubbles in the liquid medium, particularly those bubbles that collapse at the surface of the seed. The ultrasonic cavitation forces impart micro-punctures within the seed that enable to faster absorption of water and other liquid nutrients. The ultrasonically treated seeds are then dried and stored or may be used soon after ultrasonic treatment. Ultrasonic treatment tends to speed the germination of the seed and the growth rate of the resultant plant, while maintaining the plant characteristics. Faster growing plants are more suitable for those environments where crop rotation and the growth of certain plant species are inhibited due to shorter growing seasons.
Description
quoting of provisional application
Hereby quote BruceK.Redding, U.S. Provisional Patent Application sequence number 61/689,298 applying date of Jr.: 06/04/2012, and applicant requires that this date is as the useful priority date.
Invention field
The present invention relates in general to a kind of for water or other materials being absorbed together with dissolved substance ultrasonic process in seed and deposition process, more specifically to the method strengthening the object sonicated seed of the memory absorbing following material for imparting seed, this material strengthens the growth characteristics of seed or gained plant, or is worth for seed increases in commercial processes process in other respects.
the background of the prior art relevant to rudiment science
Seed dormancy is most plants for temporarily stopping rudiment and optimizing the arrest of development of the unique forms of offspring's survival.During seed dormancy, moisture and respiratory rate reduce all greatly.Breaking seed dormant initial step is the mobilization of breathing the absorption (deposition) of necessary water and the deposit of the starch needed for rudiment.Deposition is two benches process a: I) water is by the Physical Absorption of seed coat and the hydration of embryo; And II) as caused plumule and radicle to expose determined rudiment by the growth of plumular axis and elongation.Two stages separate in time, and the seed having completed stage I is considered to " seed started ", that is, start for stage II: rudiment.The stage I of deposition is also for the commercial processes of seed, and namely the wet-milling of corn is separated and for the malting process of fermented distilled alcohol.
Make seed start for plant vigor by strengthening the absorption of water, what such as strengthen sprouts, to grow and Yield Characters is favourable.Seed starts also to make seed germination synchronous, ripe to obtain maximum production when gathering in the crops the while of making planting field homogeneous.Except water, seed starts to be provided as the approach that seed loads nutriment, microorganism or pest inhibitor, to promote that seedling is based oneself upon.By adding molecule to seed in depositional phase I process, this molecule or organism can be stored in this and start in seed, therefore, exist when planting.With similar molecule is added into compared with whole plantation, " loading large molecule " is very effective in seed.An example adds fertilizer to stimulate root growth and to accelerate to emerge.Before planting fertilizer is loaded in seed for seedling be more effective and for peasant be have cost-benefit.Other the useful molecules be loaded in seed promote that the hormone of rudiment is as gibberellin/gibberellic acid, for the basic element of cell division and the seed dormant abscisic acid inhibitor of promotion releasing of cell elongation.Seed variety can customize for particular growth district, method is added triazole (reducing the plant growth regulator of the impact of arid and high temperature) or suppresses the fungicide of the seed in cool place, slowly drained soil and the conk on seedling or the insect of control invasion and attack seedling, as the insecticide of corn rootworm.Except large molecule, period can be started to be mounted with beneficial microorganism if azospirillum or rhizobium are as crop Inoculant at seed.
The business of corn is separated and is started from wet-milling.Corn is the complex mixture of starch, protein, oil, water, fiber, mineral matter, vitamin and pigment.Wet-milling is process corn fractions being separated into independent homogeneous part.In Iowa, 1,000,000,000 bushel of corn of annual results about 20% through wet-milling.Wet-milling industry and the huge industry effort of attached manufacturing representative.Along with wet-milling process is updated by new technology, novel accessory substance can be separated with commercial quantities, such as ethanol, corn sweetener, protein peptide, and vitamin C and E.The initial step of wet-milling is soaked and is not changed by technological innovation.Soak to relate to and the clean and corn of drying (<16% moisture) is soaked, until it expand into 45% hydration in warm water.This this process needs 30-50 hour at the temperature of 120-130 degrees Fahrenheit.In immersion process, a large amount of water moves through huge corn bucket with adverse current.In addition, during this period, the beneficial microbe grown in immersion water such as lactic acid bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa contribute to the proteolytic cleavage of zein.But, a large amount of immersion water and the time restriction required for the hydration validity of bacterial digestion.Digestion accessory substance is purified from immersion water mainly through evaporation and concentration.
Malting process produces the first step in the fermented grain of alcohol.The quality of Fructus Hordei Germinatus (and the fermentation produced) depends on the synchronous of cereal and effective rudiment.Be stored in the starch in seed and be converted saccharogenesis at the commitment of rudiment.When sprouting, rudiment stop and transform sugar during the fermentation for the production of ethanol.In history, malting process is labour-intensive task.Cereal is spread on " malting floor ", ooze with the water logging from overhead sprinkler, and every daily handspring moves to discharge the heat and gas that retain in the process in one to two weeks.When plumule exposes, starch is converted into sugar, by the grain-drying of rudiment and grinding to form Fructus Hordei Germinatus.Microbrewer and winery still use the modification of this old malting technology to carry out the Fructus Hordei Germinatus of production high-quality.Some winerys induce even rudiment to produce the Fructus Hordei Germinatus for the first water of fermenting by adding gibberellic acid (GA), as in single malt whiskey distillation.GA is plant hormone, and it regulates rudiment.It is consuming time and costliness that the Fructus Hordei Germinatus of this quality is produced.
Normal plants rudiment
Water is the key factor that can help seed germination.Seed can by soaking as rudiment is prepared.Be careful, seed be not completely excessively immersed in water.When water infiltrates seed, seed expands, as shown in Figure 1.When seed coat softens, seed breaks and seedling exposes.Seed has a certain amount of storage food inside usually.When using water treatment, this food is provided to seedling, helps rudiment.Fig. 2 illustrates that plant is from rudiment to the growth reached full growth.
You can see various trees in your surrounding environment.Trees maintenance the ecosystem and keep environment improve, pollution-free in play an important role.Whenever you look at little tree or large tree, plant or shrub time, you necessarily feel curious to their growth and life cycle.The life cycle of any plant is divided into different phase and seed germination is the root phase starting plant growth.You may think seed be do not have lived, but true really not so.It forms by being in plant that is static, embryo state.When it obtains favourable environmental condition, it starts rudiment.This process is occurred by different steps in seed germination.Place's nonactive seed demand is in the ground warm, oxygen and water, developing into plant.
Kernel texture
Seed coat is the shell of seed, and its protection embryo enters from any injury, parasite, and prevents it dry.Seed coat may be thick and hard, or thin and softness.Endosperm is interim provand, and it is packed in around embryo with the form of cotyledon or kind leaf.Plant classification is monocotyledon and dicotyledon, and this depends on cotyledon number.
The requirement of seed germination
The oxygen of all seed demand sufficient amounts, water and temperature are so that rudiment.Some seeds also need suitable light.Some seed may the rudiment preferably when there is sufficient light, and other seeds may need dark in start rudiment.Water is required for vigorous metabolism.Soil temperature is important for suitable rudiment equally.The suitableeest soil temperature of each seed is different between different plant species.
Factor
Existence may affect the some questions of rudiment process.Excessively water the oxygen that plant may be stoped to obtain sufficient amount.If seed is planted in soil deeply, so it may use all stored energys before arrival soil surface.Dry condition can stop rudiment, because seed does not obtain enough moisture.Some seed has so hard seed coat so that oxygen and shipwreck are to pass it.If soil temperature is too high or too low, so it may affect or stop rudiment process.
Step involved by rudiment:
1. neutron absorption moisture and seed coat break.This is the first sign of rudiment.There is the activation of enzyme, the increase of breathing and plant cell copied.Start a series of chemical change, cause plant embryos to be grown.
2. with starch form store chemical energy for sugar, it uses in rudiment process.Soon, embryo increases, and seed coat breaks and opens.
3. growing plants exposes.First the tip of root exposes, and contributes to seed to be fixed to appropriate location.It also allows embryo from soil, absorb mineral matter and water.
4. the specially treated of some seed demand temperature, illumination or moisture, to start rudiment.
5. the step of seed germination may be different in dicotyledon and monocotyledon.
The rudiment of dicotyledon
In the rudiment process of dicotyledon, when seed is embedded in soil, primary root exposes through seed coat.Hypocotyl exposes through soil from seed coat.Along with it is grown up, it is hairpin form, is called as hypocotyl arch.Epicotyl structure plumule is protected from any type of mechanical damage by two cotyledons.When hypocotyl arch exposes from soil, it straightens, and this is triggered by illumination.Separately, expose epicotyl, it comprises two primary leafs and apical meristem to cotyledon.In many dicotyledons, cotyledon provides provand for the plant grown, and becomes green to produce more food by photosynthesis.
Monocotyledonous rudiment
In the rudiment process of grass-seed as oat or corn, primary root exposes from seed and fruit, and grows downwards.Then, the primary leaf of nascent plant upwards grows.It is by being called that the cylindrical hollow configuration of coleoptile is protected.Once more than growth of seedling to soil surface, then coleoptile growth stops, and it is pierced through by primary leaf.
Certainly, not place's all seeds in the ground all fortunately obtain suitable environment and carry out rudiment.Many seeds often become dry, can not develop into plant.Some seeds obtain the water of q.s, oxygen and warm, and seed germination starts.
the minimizing of climatic variation and plant growth time
Because Global climate change can affect the plant growth available time, usually make growth conditions severeer and vegetative period shortens, therefore for reduce within the shorter time cycle and strengthen seed growth and final plant production and results to need be apparent.
Therefore, need (1) to strengthen the method for the ability of neutron absorption water and other materials, and (2) reduce the time needed for plant growth.
Ultrasonic seed irradiation
The invention describes a kind of ultrasonic process of novelty and the deposition process that are intended to process seed, object is the speed of plant growth strengthening seed germination and caused by ultrasonic process.In addition, present invention employs unique ultrasonic process and produce micropore in seed hull, thus make seed can increase its moisture and nutraceutical absorption ratio.The seed rudiment at faster speed that micropore enables process is produced in seed hulls structure.In testing, compared with the seed of planting with conventional method, sprouting time is saved up to 55%.
The present invention also give subsequently by material absorbing to the stable memory of the enhancing in seed, particularly be applicable to the growth characteristics strengthening seed, wherein this characteristic changes into the advantage of produced plant, and is applicable to absorb water to the material in seed for processing intent.Growth characteristics are by using ultrasonic enhancing, and this is ultrasonic utilizes sinusoidal ultrasound wave to transmit to transmit or adopts and be transformed into another ultrasonic waveform from a ultrasonic waveform, and desirable embodiment replaces the ultrasonic of ultrasonic transmission from sawtooth to square wave type.
As the further illustrative examples of application of the present invention, it is expected to method of the present invention be applicable to use the outer shell carrying out visible seed hulls in softening Fig. 1 based on ultrasonic treatment system, to make seed hulls itself ftracture better, and remove or penetrate seed hull layer.This has acceleration seed germination, i.e. the effect of germination capacity of seeds.As shown here, ultrasonic process of the present invention and deposition process absorb by accelerating the aqueous solution in seed itself time greatly reduced required for rudiment.
The biochemistry of this process starts from water and deposits through seed coat and enter the inside of seed.Utilize corn seed for example: water is to discharge a Plant Hormone, and the mode and the blast that are called as the chemical substance of gibberellic acid (GA) react.GA is transported in whole seed, until it arrives the aleurone layer around endosperm.In aleurone layer 1, some gene in core DNA is opened in the effect of GA.Gene transcribed causing produces mRNA, and itself and ribosome interact, to start protein synthesis, or the process of translation.Consequently produce and be called as diastatic protein.Amylase transports from gluten cell, and enters in endosperm.Amylase is the enzyme of the catalyzer serving as Starch Hydrolysis saccharogenesis.
Fig. 2 illustrates the normal growth scope from germinating seed to maturation plant.The object of the invention is by using the ultrasonic transmission being applied to seed to reduce time required for plant maturation, and reduce the time of results required for specific crop thus.
Ultrasonic process of the present invention and deposition process are particularly by these seeds at liquid medium, and the ultrasonic process in preferred water comes for important agricultural seed as corn, barley and soybean, wheat, tomato and other crops.In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art will be understood that the present invention is applicable to the seed of other types, and does not depart from desired extent.Ultrasonic process applies between about 15 kilo hertzs and 1750 kilo hertzs, and preferably between about 20 kilo hertzs and 175 kilo hertzs, the best is close to the sound wave of the supersonic frequency of 23 kilo hertzs.Be possible in the higher supersonic frequency of megahertz range, but have the chance of damage seed.Intensity or power stage can change the speed increasing rudiment in different seeds.In the following experiments, only use 0.5 watt energy but scope can be to as high as 10 watts/sq.cm from 0.125mW/sq.cm.
Ultrasonic energy is applied to liquid and seed mix by the sonic transducer be immersed in liquid medium.Although about the mechanism of theme of the present invention, do not wish the constraint by any particular theory, it is believed that acoustic energy at present by fluid molecule vibration in the propagation direction through liquid.This will produce corresponding increase and the minimizing of adiabatic compression alternately and decompression and density and temperature.If in the negative pressure stage, it is sufficiently high that the periodicity of the pressure in liquid declines, then may exceed the cohesive force of liquid, point, forms areola by cavitation processes at this moment.Then, these areolas are collapsed rapidly, when local temperature up to hundreds of degree Celsius or higher produce the shock wave with very large amplitude.The also known electric discharge when they are collapsed of collapsing of cavity, thus produce the effect being called as sonoluminescence.
What play a crucial role in the process is the rotation of seed in liquid-carrier or slurries, makes ultrasonic during ultrasonic process can arrive all surface of seed like this.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 describes cavitation processes.The effect of cavitation strengthens greatly by multiple gases being introduced in liquid.In early 1930s, Frenzel (Frenzel) and Shu Ersite (Schultes) observe, and photographic negative becomes exposure or hazes when being immersed in the water being exposed to high frequency sounds.First this observed result is able to record due to sonoluminescence or sonoluminescence.The physics of this phenomenon is not well understood.
About the present invention, before cavitation occurs, degassed distilled water needs the fluence level of about 1 to 10 watt/cm.sup.2.Rare gas is full of by making water, such as, in inert gas helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or radon one or more, cavitation effect is observed under much lower fluence level, and the effect under the fluence level of about 1 to 10 watt/cm.sup.2 strengthens greatly.This effect be considered to due to produce microvesicle, its easier apply acoustic energy time formed areola.In addition, compared with situation about being achieved with de aerated water, the cavity under saturated gas exists is considered to after cavity is collapsed, produce the shock wave compared with large amplitude.Specifically, it is believed that when running water is full of argon gas, helium or argon gas and helium, generally will observe more violent absorption and this effect each experiment between be repeatably.Saturated gas is that the effect of enhancing is also shown in other experiments of nitrogen, but does not almost have argon gas obvious like that.But, with running water with boil some experiments that distilled water carries out and also create gratifying result.
Because cavitation causes mechanical stress, therefore ultrasonic process can produce or expand the crack in seed coat pericarp, and this is similar to cut, i.e. some seed, and the seed especially with thick seed coat can so as to the processes known of rudiment.Cut is considered to accelerate the deposition of water through pericarp.Simple cut can not explain the novel effect disclosed by this, because the number in crack that scanning electron micrograph shows in treated seed does not increase, but really shows the change of pericarp quality.Find, ultrasonication accelerates the deposition of water.Cavitation also may cause physiology or the biochemical change of seed, and these changes make rudiment process start, and make like this after seed is exposed to planting conditions, the seed demand short period starts rudiment, as be advanced through pericarp by radicle time measured by.The one mechanism of physiology or biochemical change of causing proposed is cavitation produces free radicals.
Hereby quote United States Patent (USP) 5,950,362,6,195,936,6,250,011 and 6,452,609, it discusses the rudiment using gas to realize the increase in some seed reservation in conjunction with cavitation force.These bibliography rely on cavitation force to realize the cut of seed hulls.But neither one mentions the following fact in these works, namely can be given surperficial greatly heat by the conventional ultrasound of sine ultrasonic process exploitation and be made seed hulls melt thus, as shown in figure 14, wherein wheat seed is subject to sinusoidal ultrasound wave 5 minutes.This process can produce cavitation force, and described by figures 3 and 4, it produces implosion and very hot cavitation force for the surface of the seed, causes seed hulls to melt, thus makes increase or rudiment faster not exist or lack continuity at most.Above-mentioned reference works does not describe seed demand yet and rotates in ultrasonic transmission field, thus makes all shells be exposed to ultrasonic process.Find that the ultrasonic process of seed is not good if do not have such complete ultrasound process, thus can not suitably rudiment.In addition, the present invention discloses sinusoidal for the object use accelerating the budding period or replace ultrasonic waveform to process seed.Prior art is not considered and is utilized alternately that ultrasonic waveform is to process seed, and its cavitation can be minimized, but in fact the physical force of ultrasonic process causes the seed germination that processed faster.Equally, prior art does not disclose the sinusoidal ultrasound wave being applicable to rolling target seed and still can reduce the mode that cavitation or seed hulls burn and use, and still causes the seed germination that processed faster.
Summary of the invention
The present invention includes a kind of for water and/or other benefit materials being absorbed ultrasonic process in seed and deposition process.Pending seed is immersed in water or other liquid.Seed is exposed to the time between the acoustic energy of frequency between 15 kilo hertzs and 30 kilo hertzs about 1 and 15 minute.The present invention is following discovery, cavitation ultrasonic and alternately the hyperacoustic use of waveform can be used for processing various seed, to increase the speed of the rudiment of seed, and therefore reduce the time of mature plant growth.
ultrasonic cavitation
Sinusoidal ultrasound wave energy is by microbubble, and the thermal insulation of those bubbles in liquid medium of particularly collapsing on the surface of the seed is collapsed and produced cavitation force.Ultrasonic cavitation power gives the stable memory of neutron absorption water and/or the enhancing for seed and/or useful other materials of plant.The seed of ultrasonic process can dry, store and the material of the growth characteristics of influx and translocation seed or gained plant later.Once rudiment, then plant keeps the growth characteristics of enhancing.
alternately ultrasonic transmission
In the preferred embodiment, make ultrasonic transmission alternately, the Part I wherein transmitted is the zig-zag of lasting 50 milliseconds, is the square waveform of lasting 50 milliseconds subsequently, but also can use other modification of alternately acoustic wave form.Compared with producing seed germination with the sinusoidal cavitation ultrasonic energy of use, alternately ultrasonic transmission more effectively applies the effect of ultrasonic energy and faster seed germination.Fig. 5 is the diagram of alternately ultrasonic waveform display method, and wherein onset wave is at many millisecond backed off after randoms, and is transformed into completely new waveform, thus avoids cavitation.
object of the present invention
The object of the invention is the memory of being given the enhancing absorption that seed has the material of beneficial growth characteristic by ultrasonic process and deposition process.
The object of the invention is another means of being given seed minimizing seed germination required time by ultrasonic process and deposition process, and therefore accelerate the maturation of gained plant.
These and other object of the present invention is read those of ordinary skill in the art and becomes clear after understanding this specification, relevant drawings and appended claims.
detailed Description Of The Invention
invention describes
technological invention mechanism
There are two kinds of distinct methods for generation of ultrasonic transmission; (1) ultrasonic by the routine sine of cavitation processes imparting subject heat as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and (2) carry as shown in Figure 5 seldom or do not have the alternately ultrasonic waveform system of cavitation heat energy.
In figure 3, typical sinusoidal ultrasonic transmission is shown, it gives subject implosion shock wave, and the surface of subject produces strong transient hot spot.Fig. 4 illustrates that the transmission of typical sinusoidal ultrasound wave forms bubble, this bubble implosion in liquid of being everlasting, and again produces strong heat in cavitation.In the process of seed, use typical sinusoidal ultrasonic transmission that seed hulls may be caused to damage, as described in fig. 14, the damage that this figure produces for wheat seed after showing exposure in 5 minutes.Figure 14 illustrate the surface of seed hulls quite a few on, seed in fact melts.The seed of such cavitation impact at all can not rudiment.
If seed is rotated under ultrasonic is launched, then a typical sinusoidal ultrasound wave transmission may successfully be adopted, and the damaging influence of sinusoidal ultrasound wave to the seed of process is minimized.
Figure 12 is the microphoto of the wheat seed under original untreated state.Notice that the shell of seed keeps complete and smoother.But in fig. 14, same sample is melting and be fused into non-functional seed material after 5 minutes typical sinusoidal ultrasonic transmission.
Under Figure 13, use alternately wavy manner (Fig. 5) to cause the micropore in seed hulls, it is clearly visible in photo.Applicant proposes following theory: these micropores enable seed with than primordial seed speed absorption water and nutrients faster, cause seed germination faster, and cause plant to complete the time decreased of growth thus.Applicant proposes following theory further: the alternately waveform ultrasonic transmission shown in Fig. 5 performs two major functions when being delivered to target seed:
1) zig-zag is considered to be in the horizontal physical force of seed hulls surface applying, thus in seed, produce the tension force expanding its hole.
2) once hole expands, then reaming power is applied to the hole of expansion by square waveform.Substantially, nutrients advances in the hole of opening by square wave.These nutrients can be the fertiliser compounds in water or water carrier or slurries.
Variable the element of time that alternately the ultrasonic dutycycle that uses of waveform used for any moment of specific waveforms action.For example:
Table 1: change in duty cycle
| Option | Zig-zag | Square waveform |
| A | 50 milliseconds | 50 milliseconds |
| B | 20 milliseconds | 80 milliseconds |
| C | 80 milliseconds | 20 milliseconds |
Table 2: by changing dutycycle
| Seed category | Change in duty cycle |
| Shell seed | A |
| Thick shell seed | B |
| For duricrust | B |
| Except decapsidate external protection | C |
the description of laboratory system
Fig. 6 illustrates the laboratory system used in the experiment listed below.In figure 6, a ultrasonic horn 35 is placed in a beaker 30 of the solution containing seed and water 40.The tip 34 of ultrasonic transducer loudspeaker 35 is placed in slurries 40, to make most advanced and sophisticated 34 complete submergences in a liquid.Are magnetic stirring bars 32 in the bottom of beaker 30, it forces to rotate by the electromagnetic force sent from magnetic stirrer 1, and beaker and device are placed on its top.A cable 36 is passed through to ultrasonic horn 35 delivered power from supersonic generator 37.The controller 33 of setting supersonic generator is to deliver to the seed 40 in slurries by the ultrasonic delivery of certain limit:
Supersonic frequency 20 kilo hertzs
The intensity 0.5 watt/square centimeter that loudspeaker export
The dynamic 50 milliseconds of sawtooth/50 millisecond square waves of waveform
After ultrasonic process, by seed drying, be then placed on water saturated filter pad, or in some cases, be placed in wetland, to induce rudiment.Variations in temperature in rudiment process is to analyze the effect processed at different temperatures rudiment.The measured value of having monitored in different experiments comprises the time of occurrence of primary root, the time of occurrence of secondary root, the time of occurrence of coleoptile, root length and weight, root area, the estimation volume of root, coleoptile length and weight, and the absorption of water.The seed of test is the first generation (F.sub.1) hybrid corn seed.
continuous apparatus
ultrasonic flowing pool equipment
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrates the method that can adopt commercial scale process.In the figure 7, seed is dispersed in liquid medium 40.A ultrasonic horn transducer 64 is arranged in a housing 60, and ultrasound tip 63 is placed directly in the fluid stream of seed slurry 40.Seed slurry 40 enters shell by a funnel 61, and this funnel makes the stream around most advanced and sophisticated 63 narrow.When seed slurry 40 before tip through out-of-date, be directed into this seed slurry from ultrasonic 62 of tip.Finally, the seed slurry 40 of ultrasonic process passes through and flows out from flow export 65 around most advanced and sophisticated 63.By this way, ultrasonic process can be carried out by the ultrasonic emission tip 63 guiding the stream of seed slurry 40 to cross ultrasonic horn 64 to the Continuous Flow of seed slurry 40.
Most advanced and sophisticated 63 must be immersed in liquid medium.Transducer is connected to supersonic frequency generator.In the preferred embodiment of this flow cell system, sonic transducer loudspeaker 64 are the piezoelectric ceramic transducer model VCX600 be purchased from SonicsandMaterials, Inc..Alternative transducer can be used.Magnetostrictive transducer can send the acoustic energy of higher level to liquid medium, and if need higher sound density, such as, if a large amount of seeds will carry out ultrasonic process, it may be preferred.Frequency generator 9E is the model 33120Q that is purchased from HewlettPackard and mates transducer horn.It has the frequency range between 15 kilo hertzs and 30 kilo hertzs and can be used for answers between 0 and 500 watt to sonic transducer loudspeaker.In experiment described here, power density is between 30 Watts per square centimeter and 80 Watts per square centimeter, although the rated efficiency of given sonic transducer 64, can realize higher power density in shell 60.Usually this device will present the sinusoidal ultrasound wave shape can giving cavitation, as shown in Fig. 3 and 4.Think that cavitation can produce or open holes in seed, make moisture penetration in treated seed.
Usually add the water (by weight) up to 30% to seed, to produce seed slurry, then added to flow cell.The aqueous solution can be running water, or the water being used as the nutrient solution through ultrasonic process of seed reinforcing agent to strengthen.Solution based on nitrogen or fertilizer is possible liquid vehicle.Can use agitator that the seed in slurries is rotated under ultrasonic transmission in inflow place of flow cell.Seed mix 40 by ultrasonic processor process once or by making it stand repeatedly to circulate via processor recycle is once above.Once process, then seed slurry is transported to filter/dryer to remove liquid, and produces dry seed product.
continuous ultrasonic flow duct-Fig. 8
In order to provide continuous ultrasound treatment system, the equipment comprising a ultrasonic flow duct 71 as shown in Figure 8 can be used.In this system, seed slurry 40 is directed across in be lined with the pipe of transducer.When seed is through the length of pipe, on pipe lengths from the ultrasonic process seed that transducer sends.Seed is continually by flow duct.
Fig. 8, is lined with ultrasonic transducer 70 in flow duct 71.In pipe 71, be mounted with a series of baffle plate 75, these baffle plates cause turbulent flow in pipe 70.Seed slurry 40 at one end enters pipe, and rolls on baffle plate 75 when seed 40 and when finally exiting, stand ultrasonic process 72.The effect of the tumbling action of turbulent flow is that the seed 73 in slurries is rotated for 72 times at ultrasonic signal.The seed 74 processed leaves pipe in outflow position.Seed 40 is expected and to be sent in inflow place and outflow place in continuous process, when seed crosses pipe 71, advances for 72 times and roll 73 by pipe 71 in ultrasonic process.This system is also referred to as ultrasonic flow cell.
Fig. 9 shows original untreated seed 40 and is delivered in ultrasonic flow cell 71 via a hopper.Original untreated seed 40 mixes with a kind of water or nutrient solution 41 in hopper tank 42.When exiting flow cell 71, the seed slurry 74 processed is delivered to a filter 80, and water or slurries filter out by this filter, leaves the wet ultrasonic seed 74 processed.Therefrom, wet seed 74 is delivered to a conveyer heater 81, and the residual moisture on the seed 74 processed is displaced by this conveyer heater, produces final dry product ultrasonic seed irradiation 76, packs.
transducer designs
Figure 10 and Figure 11 shows the design of the transducer apparatus (70 of Fig. 8) being suitable for using in ultrasonic flow duct of the length installation along pipe (71 of Fig. 8).
In Fig. 10, the array of transducer disc 93 is connected to a stainless steel faceplate 95 by using conductive epoxy resin 94.Transducer disc 93 can be 1 to 4 element of transducer arranged in transducer 96 array as shown in Figure 11.Ultrasonic energy is concentrated forward by the effect of a reflex block 91, and is formed from a waveform alternately to the alternately ultrasonic effect of another waveform.The transducer of Figure 10 comprises the transducer assemblies 93 with back sheet or the block 91 be made up of nylon or parts of plastics.Wire 92 passes block 91 to arrive on metal decking 95, this metal decking normally stainless steel disc, and the piezoelectricity arrived in array 93 or magnetostrictive transducer dish top.In the diagram of Figure 10, two such dishes being shown, bonding to panel 6G by using conductive epoxy resin 94.One block of thin foam rubber or packing ring are placed on the internal edge of block 91 and the whole epoxy sealing that combinationally uses becomes as completed the final form as shown in assembling.
Figure 11 illustrates transducer disc array 06, and it is configured to have four transducer disc 93-1,2,3 and 4, and it reuses conductive epoxy resin and bonds to panel 95.
Transducer array in figures 10 and 11 will present alternately ultrasonic transmission as shown in Figure 5.The ultrasonic transmission of preferred combined waveform be then sawtooth be square wave.The time of any specific waveforms can change, to produce random waveform effect.Alternately ultrasonic signal be any cavitation effect in order to reduce to greatest extent on seed coat and avoid damaging seed hulls but still the absorption accelerating moisture.
Experiment
Carry out a series of experiment, to prove the validity of method of the present invention.Experiment uses the laboratory installation shown in Fig. 6 to carry out.Checked four kinds of different crop seeds, wheat, carrot, corn and tomato.Each uses device as shown in Figure 6 ultrasonicly to arrange lower ultrasonic process identical.Each experiment uses alternately ultrasonic system as shown in Figure 5.
The ultrasonic of each experiment is set to:
Table 3:
Form the seed slurry of 30% seed comprised in 70% running water at ambient temperature.Before facing experiment seed to be added in the beaker of water and ultrasonic process different open-assembly time.
By minute in units of open-assembly time
0
5
10
15
20
The sampling when each exposure, uses filtered on buchner funnel, then makes its dried overnight in atmosphere.Seed is put into independent tank respectively, wherein under the degree of depth that this seed is recommended, fills potting soil.Such as the degree of depth of wheat in soil is recommended as 1.5 inches, and carrot is 7.5 inches.Then tank is placed on windowsill, allows solar radiation screw clamp, but tank does not touch external elements in the nurturing period.
Seed in tank checks every morning, until they start to germinate, and exposes from soil.Sprouting time compares with the control group of not ultrasonic process.Its result is as shown in following experiment table.
Experiment-1
Wheat seed under ultrasonic process is compared to undressed control sample
BruceK.Redding,Jr.
1KathrynLane
Broomall,PA19008
P)484-716-2165F)610-356-1866
Email: bkreddaol.com
Date: on May 20th, 2009
DELTA seed-test result
Wheat
Figure 12 is the scanning electron micrograph of the set of undressed or original wheat seed.
Figure 13 is the scanning electron micrograph of the set of the ultrasonic process wheat seed of experimentally 1 process.There are some holes in the careful inspection display seed hull layer of ultrasonic seed irradiation, produced by ultrasonic exposure in theory.This some holes makes moisture absorption be strengthened to the inside of seed, thus moisturize absorb and cause faster rudiment curve.
Experiment-2
Carrot Seed under ultrasonic process is compared to undressed control sample
BruceK.Redding,Jr.
1KathrynLane
Broomall,PA19008
P)484-716-2165F)610-356-1866
Email: bkreddaol.com
Date: on May 20th, 2009
DELTA seed-test result
Corn seed under ultrasonic process is compared to undressed control sample
BruceK.Redding,Jr.
1KathrynLane
Broomall,PA19008
P)484-716-2165F)610-356-1866
Email: bkreddaol.com
Date: on May 20th, 2009
DELTA seed-test result
Experiment-4
Tomato seeds under ultrasonic process is compared to undressed control sample
BruceK.Redding,Jr.
1KathrynLane
Broomall,PA19008
P)484-716-2165F)610-356-1866
Email: bkreddaol.com
Date: on May 20th, 2009
DELTA seed-test is tied
Really
Table 4:
Ultrasonic process tomato actual measurement rudiment pattern
| Crop | Tomato |
| Normal rudiment number of days | 7 |
| U/S rudiment number of days | 3.90 |
| U/S saves number of days | 3.10 |
| U/S saves % | 44％ |
This program is provided to the sprouting time of test comparison seed compared to ultrasonic seed irradiation.
Result shows, the rudiment in 3.10 days of U/S pattern, contrasts with within 7-10 days, being formed, minimum save-44% time.
Table 5:
Ultrasonic process tomato
Survey ripe growth pattern
| Crop | Tomato |
| Normal rudiment number of days | 7 |
| U/S rudiment number of days | 3.90 |
| U/S saves number of days | 3.10 |
| U/S saves % | 44％ |
| The normal number of days of results | 80 |
| U/S gathers in the crops minimizing | 35 |
| U/S saves number of days | 45 |
General description of experiments
General description of experiments is as follows.In each situation of ultrasonic acoustic process, the seed rudiment at faster speed of ultrasonic process.The rudiment in 7-14 days of contrast seed, and the rudiment in 4 to 6 days of the seed of ultrasonic process.The rudiment of rudiment in number of days save from-41% of ultrasonic process wheat seed to carrot-56% not etc.
After rudiment, then ultrasonic process and contrast seed are sent to external testing farm from cultivation Petri tank, wherein seed is planted under the recommendation normal depth of this plant in conventional soil, and makes it grow into ripe plant.
In general, check plant is ripe in 75-89 days, close to the listed plant growth time.
The plant of ultrasonic process expend 35-42 days ripe and similar to undressed control group in the size of tomato crop, integrality even fruit size and characteristic.
Ultrasonic process saves 33 to 52 days in harvest time.
Grow to full maturity and the planting experiment result of the ultrasonic process tomato seeds of results.
Figure 15 is when after planting seed, plant growth is to full maturity, and the fruit that contrast seed, not ultrasonic process tomato seeds produce is compared to the photo of 20 minutes ultrasonic seed irradiation fruits.
Figure 16 is the photo of general planting tomato (growing into maturation in 80 days) compared to the tomato seeds (growing into maturation in 35 days) of ultrasonic process, in top view with end view.
Figure 17 is the photo of general planting tomato (growing into maturation in 80 days) compared to the tomato seeds (growing into maturation in 35 days) of ultrasonic process, all shows pulp in cutaway view.
Figure 18 is the closeup photograph of general planting tomato (growing into maturation in 80 days) compared to the tomato seeds (growing into maturation in 35 days) of ultrasonic process, all shows pulp in cutaway view.
Figure 19 is the summary shifted to an earlier date using the present invention to find when the rudiment accelerating the trial crops of the harvest time of selected crop shifts to an earlier date and completes plantation.
Table 6:
General description of experiments
BruceK.Redding,Jr.
Email: bkreddaol.com
TransdermalSpecialties
1KathrynLane
Broomall,PA19008USA
Phone 484-716-2165
Fax: 610-356-1866
www.transdermalspecialties.com
Secret
Table 7:
The seed test result of ultrasonic process
Although above-mentioned experiment uses the device described in Fig. 6 to carry out, but the present inventor thinks that the transducer configurations that Figure 10 and 11 describes transmits identical ultrasonic treatment effect by reaching with sinusoidal ultrasound wave, and do not produce be applied to as in Fig. 7,8 or 9 the continuous ultrasound treatment system described the cavitation that produces.
Cavitation produces heat energy and mechanical force, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.For some seed, cavitation may burn out seed and cause destroying, as shown in figure 14.As shown in Figure 5 alternately ultrasonic waveform system prove ultrasonic with cavitation compared be less destruction for seed, but still open passage in seed hulls, thus moisture and nutritious compound absorption can be accelerated in seed.With reference to Figure 13, wherein alternately waveform ultrasonic system produces very slight hole and and does not burn wheat seed shell in seed hulls.
Show structural deterioration after exposure only 5 minutes with many seeds of the ultrasonic process of sine, see Figure 14.With replacing ultrasonic energy, 50 milliseconds of zig-zags, being the infiltration widely of the seed displaying seed hull layer of 50 milliseconds of zig-zag process subsequently, and not burning effect, as shown in Figure 13.In fig. 14, shell fusing (Fig. 1) in seed hulls is shown with the seed of the ultrasonic process of common sine.
Therefore, preferred embodiment is the embodiment using alternately ultrasonic process, but traditional sine is ultrasonic may remain preferred under some sub cases, as long as seed rotates under ultrasonic transmission.
General introduction
Experiment listed above shows, ultrasonic induction water absorb representative can with the unique event of normal water absorption and separation.The difference that the absorption rate of seed is soaked in ultrasonic process and contrast shows, compared with non-ultrasonic seed irradiation, the seed of ultrasonic process demonstrates faster rudiment speed.
These results show, compared with the ratio absorbed with the water only soaking seed, the seed of ultrasound stimulation may have the absorption rate of water faster of very fast realization.Therefore, ultrasonic processing method fundamentally enhances material absorbing to the speed in seed, accelerates the growth of seed germination and maturation plant and crop.Therefore, this process can be used for reducing the harvest time of many crops by first ultrasonic seed irradiation.
In addition, result of study shows, ultrasonic process changes seed and do not have a negative impact to the seed fraction of rudiment.Ultrasonic process causes seed hydration to accelerate to increase.Hyperacoustic effect not forces water to enter seed, but changes seed, and it can, with the speed strengthened to absorb water, also be even like this when not having ultrasonic like this.This enhanced deposition effect is stable.When seed is dry after ultrasound exposure and when storing, this effect is kept.Ultrasonic can not negative effect rudiment.Ultrasonic process to be separated with deposition step and the ability not weakening enhanced deposition effect causes remarkable real advantage.Seed can accept ultrasonic cavitation process at very first time point, and after waiting for predetermined time section, seed will present the ability of the enhancing of absorbing material.This permission carries out ultrasonic process to seed, and stores seed until plantation or process start.On the date after which, which material absorbing can adjust for the plantation existed at that time, growth or treatment conditions to the decision in seed.This allows more effectively and prepares seed in time.In addition, imbibing step does not need complicated equipment or technological know-how, and therefore can carry out at the scene.
Fig. 8 illustrates the preferred embodiment being combined with ultrasonic flow duct, this ultrasonic flowing pipe has the component allowing seed to roll under ultrasonic process, thus the ultrasonic process Fig. 9 making it possible to process on a large scale on a continuous basis seed produces the seed of ultrasonic process on a continuous basis, result is similar to the laboratory installation shown in Fig. 6.
general introduction
It will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the basic fundamental of the deposition by showing the material strengthened as water, the material of any other type can absorb in seed in an identical manner.As mentioned above, these materials can comprise water, agricultural chemicals, pesticides, weed killer herbicide, fungicide and somatotropin; But the scope of application of the present invention is not limited to these materials.The deposition process strengthened can with any growth characteristics of plant strengthening seed and obtain, or the material increasing value for seed in other respects in commercial processes process uses together.Such as, method of the present invention can be used for the material absorbing of certain for sprouting inhibitor scheduled time in seed.It is useful for postponing rudiment by this way by allowing grower to plant seed to prove in commercial agriculture is produced before the best plantation or germination conditions occur.This once plants the burden of whole crop when soil and weather conditions reach best plantation state by alleviating grower.Therefore, expect the material used together with the present invention not necessarily make in some way plant growth sooner, the material of stronger or opposing pest.
The crop grown from the ultrasonic seed processed in the above described manner often has abundant growing plants and the harvest time of much less compared with untreated crop.
Although the present invention is described about its preferred embodiment, it will also be appreciated that it should be not restricted uniquely, because the changes and improvements be in of the present invention whole desired extent that appended claims defines can be produced.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Fig. 1 is the photo of germinating seed.
Fig. 2 is the description that seed germination becomes to have grown the process of plant
Fig. 3 shows by the process causing the ultrasonic generation of the sine of cavitation.
Fig. 4 is further illustrating by the process causing the ultrasonic generation of the sine of cavitation.
Fig. 5 is the preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein uses ultrasonic alternately waveform to reduce growing sooner of time needed for seed germination and gained plant or crop.
Fig. 6 is batch process schematic diagram of the present invention, wherein adopts the ultrasonic laboratory system being applied to seed, uses ultrasonicly to accelerate seed germination.
Fig. 7 is the continuous process schematic diagram of the present invention adopting ultrasonic flow cell, and the seed wherein in use slurries is directly transported to the method in the patch of the ultrasonic horn in shell, uses ultrasonic to accelerate seed germination.
Fig. 8 is the continuous process schematic diagram of the present invention adopting ultrasonic flow duct, wherein applying to seed to adopt ultrasound transducer array in ultrasonic flow duct, uses and ultrasonicly accelerates seed germination.
Fig. 9 is the continuous process schematic diagram of the present invention adopting ultrasonic flow duct, wherein, use and ultrasonicly process the seed crossing pipe, adopt filtration system to filter out seed from water or solution, then wet seed is delivered to conveyer heater, to drive away residual moisture from seed, then pack handled seed immediately.
Figure 10 is the design of the ultrasound transducer system that can produce alternately ultrasonic waveform transfer.
The transducer array that Figure 11 is made up of multiple element of transducer.
Figure 12 is the scanning electron micrograph of the set of undressed or original wheat seed.
Figure 13 is the scanning electron micrograph of the set of the wheat seed of experimentally 1 process, ultrasonic process.
Figure 14 is the scanning electron micrograph of the set of the wheat seed of ultrasonic process, and wherein seed has been exposed to conventional sinusoidal ultrasonic, and the skin fusing of seed hulls is shown.
Figure 15 is general planting tomato (growing into maturation in 80 days) compared to the photo of tomato seeds growing into ripe ultrasonic process in 35 days.
Figure 16 is the photo of general planting tomato (growing into maturation in 80 days) compared to the tomato seeds (growing into maturation in 35 days) of ultrasonic process, in top view with end view.
Figure 17 is the photo of general planting tomato (growing into maturation in 80 days) compared to the tomato seeds (growing into maturation in 35 days) of ultrasonic process, all shows pulp in cutaway view.
Figure 18 is the closeup photograph of general planting tomato (growing into maturation in 80 days) compared to the tomato seeds (growing into maturation in 35 days) of ultrasonic process, all shows pulp in cutaway view.
Figure 19 is the summary shifted to an earlier date using the present invention to find when the rudiment accelerating the trial crops of the harvest time of selected crop shifts to an earlier date and completes plantation.
Claims (27)
1.
for by material absorbing to the ultrasonic process in seed and a deposition process, the method comprise with lower step: a) described seed is immersed in the nutraceutical solution of water or water and other; B) by acoustic energy introduce in described water under the frequency being enough to produce cavitation in described liquid and energy density; C) ultrasonic process described seed and last a period of time being enough to cause changing described seed, make described ultrasonic like this material is taken in described seed by process seed under the absorption rate improved, and wherein said material can strengthen the growth characteristics of described seed and any produced plant or crop thereafter, wherein said side method can in the seed treatment in batches or continuously adopting ultrasonic flow cell or continuous ultrasonic flow duct the form of system.
2. invention according to claim 1, wherein said seed can be any plant, comprises decorative plant or for human or animal's consumption, or for the production of the plant of plant origin fuel.
3. invention according to claim 1, the frequency of wherein said acoustic energy is between about 15 kilo hertzs and about 100 kilo hertzs.
4. invention according to claim 1, the energy density of wherein said acoustic energy is between about 0.125 watt/square centimeter and about 10 watts/square centimeter.
5. invention according to claim 1, wherein said acoustic energy is sinusoidal wave and the cavitation energy that may or may not produce for handled seed.
6. invention according to claim 6, wherein applies the time that described acoustic energy continues to be greater than 1 minute.
7.
for by material absorbing to the ultrasonic process in seed and a deposition process, the method comprise with lower step: a) described seed is immersed in the nutraceutical solution of water or water and other; B) will have with the acoustic energy of the alternately ultrasonic waveform of periodical intervals from a waveform transformation to another waveform described in introducing under the frequency being enough to the cavitation reduced to greatest extent in described liquid and energy density in water; C) the described seed of ultrasonic process lasts a period of time being enough to cause changing described seed, like this described ultrasonic seed irradiation is made to take in described seed by material under the absorption rate improved, wherein the growth that described material can strengthen described seed and any produced plant or crop is thereafter special property, wherein said method can in adopt ultrasonic flow cell or continuous ultrasonic flow duct in batches or the form of continuous seed treatment system.
8. invention according to claim 7, wherein said seed can be any plant, comprises decorative plant or for human or animal's consumption, or for the production of the plant of plant origin fuel.
9. invention according to claim 7, the frequency of wherein said acoustic energy is between about 15 kilo hertzs and about 100 kilo hertzs.
10. invention according to claim 7, the energy density of wherein said acoustic energy is between about 0.125 watt/square centimeter and about 10 watts/square centimeter.
11. inventions according to claim 7, wherein said acoustic energy is not independent sine wave, but for reduce to greatest extent for handled seed destruction or reduce the object of cavitation energy, the alternately acoustic wave form periodically replaced between sawtooth and square waveform, or replace between sine, sawtooth, triangle or square waveform certain other combine.
12. inventions according to claim 7, wherein apply the time that described acoustic energy continues to be greater than 1 minute.
13.
a kind of ultrasonic process for making the rudiment of the plant that can be used for crop or fuel be accelerated and heavy long-pending method, the method relates to by this seed submergence in a reservoir and ultrasonic to apply with batch process ripple, no matter whether this ultrasonic is induced cavitation or is used alternately ultrasonic transmission, to induce and to add speed water or nutrient solution enter in this ultrasonic seed irradiation, and what wherein germinate from this ultrasonic seed irradiation plants the gained harvest time of thing is reduced compared with common untreated seed, and wherein said method can be adopt the shape of the system of seed treatment in batches or continuously of ultrasonic flow cell or continuous ultrasonic flow duct formula.
14.
a kind of ultrasonic process for making the rudiment of the plant that can be used for crop or fuel be accelerated and heavy long-pending method, the method relates to this seed submergence in a reservoir and with the company relating to ultrasonic flow cell continuous process applies ultrasonic, no matter whether this ultrasonic induces cavitation or use alternately ultrasonic to pass defeated, so that induction and accelerate water or nutrient solution enters in this ultrasonic seed irradiation, wherein ultrasonic from this the gained harvest time of the plant germinateed in process seed is reduced compared with common untreated seed, wherein said method can in adopt ultrasonic flow cell or continuous ultrasonic flow duct in batches or connect the form of continuous seed treatment system.
15.
a kind of for making the rudiment of the plant or other crops that can be used for fuel or fuel additive be added the ultrasonic process of speed and deposition process, the method relates to this seed submergence in a reservoir and to relate to ultrasonic flow cell or in be lined with baffled pipe of ultrasonic transducer process in batches or continuously come apply ultrasonic, no matter whether this ultrasonic is induced cavitation or used alternately ultrasonic transmission, to lure lead and accelerate water or nutrient solution enters in this ultrasonic seed irradiation, wherein from this ultrasonic seed irradiation the gained harvest time of the plant germinateed is reduced compared with common untreated seed, wherein said side method can in the seed treatment in batches or continuously adopting ultrasonic flow cell or continuous ultrasonic flow duct the form of system.
16. plants for fuel applications according to claim 15, its sulfite water is contained in iblet, comprise the following steps: a) be immersed in by iblet in the liquid solution comprising sulfurous acid, water and dissolved gas, wherein said liquid solution can soften this iblet; B) acoustic energy is introduced in described liquid solution under the frequency being enough to produce cavitation in described liquid solution and energy density; C) the described iblet of ultrasonic process lasts a period of time being enough to cause described iblet to change, and makes described corn kernel have the memory of the raising speed in material absorbing to described iblet like this; D) predetermined time amount is waited for; And e) after described predetermined time amount, make described iblet absorb described material.
17. inventions according to claim 16, wherein said liquid solution comprises gibberellic acid further.
The seed with the memory of the raising speed of absorbing material of 18. 1 kinds of method process according to claim 16.
19. inventions according to claim 16, wherein said material is the material of the rudiment suppressing described seed.
20. methods as claimed in claim 16, wherein said ultrasonic applies continuously.
21. methods as claimed in claim 16, wherein said ultrasonic is pulse.
22.
for equipment or the assembly of the ultrasonic process of seed, wherein said equipment contains a circuit device, this circuit arrangement comprises the waveform generator device for generation of ultrasonic signal, this ultrasonic signal is by the sawtooth waveforms in the frequency range between 20 kilo hertzs and 100 kilo hertzs and is superimposed upon it on the frequency range between 20 kilo hertzs and 100 kilo hertzs in square wave formed, but preferably adopt with a kind of ultrasonic waveform of form, succeeded by any combined waveform of another multi-form waveform.
23. 1 kinds of equipment for the ultrasonic process of seed or assembly, wherein said equipment contains a circuit arrangement, this circuit arrangement comprises the waveform generator device for generation of ultrasonic signal, this ultrasonic signal is formed by the sawtooth waveforms in the frequency range between 20 kilo hertzs with 100 kilo hertzs and the square wave in superposing thereon the frequency range between 20 kilo hertzs and 100 kilo hertzs, but preferably adopt a kind of ultrasonic waveform of form, succeeded by any combined waveform of another multi-form waveform, wherein via the flow cell of around the element of transducer of this equipment, seed is transported in described equipment.
24.
for equipment or the assembly of the ultrasonic process of seed, wherein said equipment contains a circuit device, this circuit arrangement comprises the waveform generator device for generation of ultrasonic signal, this ultrasonic signal is by the sawtooth waveforms in the frequency range between 20 kilo hertzs and 100 kilo hertzs and is superimposed upon it on the frequency range between 20 kilo hertzs and 100 kilo hertzs in square wave formed, but preferably adopt with a kind of ultrasonic waveform of form, succeeded by any combined waveform of another multi-form waveform, its in via the interior baffled pipe being lined with multiple transducer, seed is transported to described equipment in, when these seeds are advanced along the length of this pipe, described transducer works to these seeds.
Transducer
25.
a kind of transducer assemblies, this transducer assemblies uses: fit via conductive epoxy or other when means be for fixing to transducer disc on a metallic plate or dish or the array of element, wherein these transducer is in its top surface being parallel wiring, and a negative pole or earth terminal are wired to this metallic plate or dish, and whole plate adjoins with the hollow ring be made up as neoprene of foam rubber, and then seals in the collets be made up of as polyurethane plastic material, these collets are by isolation and protect this a little transducer in order to avoid contact with moisture or any external environment condition, the transducer of the described sealing in collets dish or element are powered by an oscillating circuit, to produce ultrasonic launching this plate of arrival, this plate is humorous under wave response, on larger than the surface area of each transducer disc from this assembly surface area ultrasonic transmission is provided.
26.
be suitable for the ultrasound transducer assembly used in the application of ultrasonic seed treatment, this is ultrasonic transducer assemblies adopts according to the US Patent No. 4,999,819 people such as Niu Namu (Newnham); the US5 of the people such as Niu Namu, the US5 of the people such as 276,657 and Niu Namu, type disclosed in 729,077 one single cymbals type ultrasonic transducer design.
27. 1 kinds are suitable for the ultrasound transducer assembly used in the application of ultrasonic seed treatment, this ultrasound transducer assembly adopts according to the US5 people such as Niu Namu, 729, a kind of stacking construction cymbals type ultrasonic transducer design of type disclosed in 077, wherein self is stacking to increase the intensity of ultrasonic transmission for two or more transducers, also increases the overall power efficiency of this transducer system simultaneously.
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| PCT/US2013/000167 WO2013184169A2 (en) | 2012-06-04 | 2013-07-19 | Ultrasonically enhanced seed germination system |
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| CN106688779A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 全椒凤巢植保专业合作社 | Sowing and seedling method of sweet osmanthus |
| WO2017201917A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | 严卓晟 | Plant seed yield-increasing treatment device and system |
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Application publication date: 20151209 |