CN105141282B - The filter and method of vibration signal in a kind of detection for bullet train unstability - Google Patents
The filter and method of vibration signal in a kind of detection for bullet train unstability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the filter and method of a kind of vibration signal in being detected for bullet train unstability, the device includes more than one elastic filtering unit and the signal gathering unit being connected respectively with elastic filtering unit, elastic filtering unit is arranged on the bogie of car of targeted cache train, and is rigidly connected with the bogie of car；Elastic filtering unit includes shaking damper with the filter of viscous damping coefficient specified, the vibratory impulse that the bogie of car is subject to when the damper that shakes runs vehicle is filtered to be absorbed, filtered, signal gathering unit collection conducts the vibratory impulse of output after filtering shake damper absorption, filtering and carries out signal conversion, forms filtered vibration signal output；This method is the implementation using said apparatus.The present invention disclosure satisfy that bullet train unstability detection demand, has the advantages that to realize that simple in construction, required cost is low, is easily achieved, filtering accuracy is high and faster system response etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vibration signal in High-sped Trains field, more particularly to a kind of detection for bullet train unstability
Filter and method.
Background technology
With Development of High Speed Railway, bullet train vehicle to dynamic performance requirement also more and more higher, how support vehicles
Kinetic stability under high-speed cruising state, also becomes the major issue of influence safe train operation.In order to ensure railcar
Operation safety, it usually needs the stability to the direction transverse movement of vehicle relative orbit is detected, all to find as early as possible
Such as Snakes model dangerous sports situation.Once unstable phenomenon occurs in Vehicular system, its riding quality will drastically deteriorate, operation
Stationarity will also be substantially reduced, and Snakes model can cause strong interaction between wheel track, make the serious harm of paired transmission line, very
Derailment accident can extremely be triggered.Judgement to bullet train Cross deformation at present, generally measures vehicle using acceleration transducer
The Vibration Condition of bogie is simultaneously analyzed it, is identified and is differentiated again after characteristic signal.A kind of typical application is such as：Prison
Survey designated frequency band（2Hz~10Hz）Interior bogie lateral vibration acceleration amplitude, and its peak-to-peak value is calculated, when the parameter continues 10
Critical value is met or exceeded more than secondary（Such as 2.0g）Afterwards, then judge that train there occurs Cross deformation.
Because vehicle movement is influenceed by Multiple factors such as vehicle self-characteristic, line condition, Wheel Rail Contact situations, vibration letter
The features such as number there is wide-band, multifrequency aliasing, there is a large amount of excitation interference, thus in order to meet realtime control requirement, at a high speed
For that must be filtered out in the detection of unstability to non-characteristic spectra signal on train.Conventional means of filtering includes hard at present
Compound filter of part filtering, software filtering and software and hardware combining etc., all kinds of means of filtering are specific as follows shown：
（1）Hardware simulation is filtered
During using hardware simulation filtering mode, the delay very little of generation（Below Millisecond）, it is adaptable to site environment is real-time
Control.By taking certain type bogie unstability detection means that CRH380A types car is equipped as an example, its filtering process is exactly to use hardware circuit
Complete, signal processing flow is as shown in figure 1, the vibration signal detected by sensor is after signal sampling, by 5 grades of hardware filters
Wave circuit is filtered, and these hardware filtering circuits are made up of operational amplifier and Resistor-Capacitor Unit etc..
But there is following defect in such mode：
1）Circuit scale is limited by PCB sizes, it is impossible to realize high-order（It is more than 256 ranks）Filtering, and precision is low, effect
Difference；Detection means precision such as above-mentioned CRH380A types car is 10%；
2）Because single-stage effect is poor, generally require using multiple-stage filtering cascade processing, cause circuit structure complexity, it is necessary to count
Calculate and the parameter of matching is more, design and debugging difficulty is big；
3）Analog electronics will produce parameter drift in use easily by such environmental effects after working long hours
Move, deterioration in accuracy need to be calibrated periodically.
（2）Software digital filter
When building digital filter using software mode, high-order can be easily carried out（Such as 1024 ranks）Filter effect,
Obtain good width-frequency characteristic and high accuracy；And some existing functions and algorithm can be utilized in program composition, reduce out
Degree of raising difficult questions, parameter modification and debugging are all very convenient, and filter effect is not influenceed by environment and time factor.Signal is entered in laboratory
When row is researched and analysed, due to the real-time without the concern for signal transacting, generally using such a mode, calculated by high primary frequency
Machine and complicated filtering algorithm, to obtain accurate filter effect of trying one's best.
But there is problems with such mode：
1）Because software filtering is realized by mathematical computations, thus filter effect is relevant with amount of calculation, to obtain
Excellent filter effect needs to carry out magnanimity calculating, it is necessary to by the processor of powerful；
2）FIR（Finite impact Response, there is limit for length's impulse response）Filtering has one by filter order, letter
The delay t of number sample rate influence, it can not be reduced by optimization software；And when filter order is improved, this delay can be same
Step increase, influences real-time.
3）The signal to noise ratio of signal, thus the meeting when handling Low SNR signal can not be improved under unitary sampling pattern
Cause the distortion of useful signal.
（3）Compound filter
To meet field application requirement, often both the above mode is combined and used, constitute compound filter system.Should
Although class filtering mode can obtain certain balance in system response and precision aspect, this mode can not be completely eliminated two
The drawbacks of mode of kind, and system can be made to become increasingly complex, it is not easy to operation and realizes.
In summary, which kind of type no matter current filtering mode use, and is all based at sensor electric quantity signal
Reason, need to build special process circuit or processing software, powered, generated heat, the factor restriction such as volume, and can not avoid response
Slowly, the defect such as low precision, system complex, it is difficult to meet bullet train scene detection demand in real time.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that：The technical problem existed for prior art, the invention provides
It is a kind of disclosure satisfy that bullet train unstability detection demand be used for bullet train unstability detect in vibration signal filter and
Method, realizes that simple in construction, required cost is low, is easily achieved, filtering accuracy is high and faster system response.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is：
The filter of vibration signal in a kind of detection for bullet train unstability, it is characterised in that：Including more than one
Elastic filtering unit and the signal gathering unit being connected respectively with the elastic filtering unit, the elastic filtering unit are all provided with
Put on the bogie of car of targeted cache train, and be rigidly connected with the bogie of car；The elastic filtering unit bag
Include and shaken damper with the filter of viscous damping coefficient specified, the filter is shaken damper bogie of car when vehicle is run
The vibratory impulse being subject to is absorbed, filtered, and is rushed with the vibration for being absorbed, being filtered according to the viscous damping coefficient in designated frequency band
Hit, and the vibratory impulse outside the designated frequency band is conducted into output, the signal gathering unit collection filters resistance of shaking by described
The vibratory impulse of output is conducted after the absorption of Buddhist nun's device, filtering and signal conversion is carried out, and forms filtered vibration signal output.As
The further improvement of apparatus of the present invention：Also include the signal correction unit being connected with the signal gathering unit, the signal is repaiied
Original member according to the viscous damping coefficient in the filtered vibration signal specify effective in-band signal compensate,
The signal specified beyond effective frequency range is filtered out.
It is used as the further improvement of apparatus of the present invention：Also connect between the signal gathering unit and the signal correction unit
It is connected to signal proportion converter unit.
It is used as the further improvement of apparatus of the present invention：The signal gathering unit be arranged in the elastic filtering unit or
The output end of the elastic filtering unit.
It is used as the further improvement of apparatus of the present invention：The signal gathering unit is acceleration transducer.
It is used as the further improvement of apparatus of the present invention：The elastic filtering unit is fixedly mounted in a box body, described
Box body is rigidly connected with the bogie of car.
It is used as the further improvement of apparatus of the present invention：It is specially that bolt connects between the box body and the bogie of car
Connect.
A kind of method using above-mentioned vibration signal filter, step includes：
1）The viscous damping coefficient for filtering the damper that shakes is specified previously according to the required frequency characteristic for filtering out signal, will
Elastic filtering unit with specified viscous damping coefficient is arranged in target train on the bogie of car, and carries out rigid connect
Connect；
2）During targeted cache train operation, the vibratory impulse that the bogie of car is subject to passes through the elastic filtering unit
Absorb, filter, signal gathering unit collection in real time conducts shaking for output after the elastic filtering unit absorption, filtering
It is dynamic to impact and carry out signal conversion, form filtered vibration signal output.
It is used as the further improvement of the inventive method, in addition to signal correction step 3）, concretely comprise the following steps：
3.1）The Frequency point for needing to compensate is obtained according to effective frequency range and the viscous damping coefficient is specified；
3.2）The filtered vibration signal is compensated according to the Frequency point of acquisition, and filters out described specify
Signal outside effective frequency range.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1）The present invention on the bogie of car by setting elastic filtering unit to filter the bogie of car on bullet train
Vibration, obtains filtered vibration signal, simple in construction, required cost is low, special without configuring by signal gathering unit
Filter resource and filtering accuracy is high, while disclosure satisfy that the demand of vibration detection in bullet train realizes quick response；By setting
Elastic filtering unit is put, support fixing function is may also provide；
2）The present invention realizes the non-electrically filtering process vibrated to bullet train, the electricity being compared to based on mechanical system
Signal processing mode, filtering realize it is simple, not by powering, radiate, the factor such as electromagnetic interference, volume is constrained, effectively prevent
The various defects of the filtering modes such as traditional hardware, software or software and hardware combining；
3）Signal gathering unit of the present invention directly gathers the vibration signal after elastic filtering unit is filtered, thus effectively
The acquisition performance requirement of signal gathering unit is reduced, required cost is reduce further；
4）After the present invention further comprises that signal correction unit, binding signal amending unit are filtered to elastic filtering unit
Vibration signal is modified, i.e., according to the damping characteristic of elastic filtering unit to effective in-band signal in vibration signal after filtering
Compensate, while eliminating effective frequency range external signal so that can reach preferable filter effect, realize high-precision filter
Ripple, at the same realize it is simple to operate, be easily achieved.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the realization principle schematic diagram of filtering process in traditional bullet train unstability detection.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for the vibration signal filter that the present embodiment is used for during bullet train unstability is detected.
The realization principle schematic diagram of filter when Fig. 3 is the first connected mode of sensor in the present embodiment.
The realization principle schematic diagram of filter when Fig. 4 is second of connected mode of sensor in the present embodiment.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of vibration signal filter in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Marginal data：1st, elastic filtering unit；2nd, signal gathering unit；3rd, the bogie of car；4th, signal correction unit；5、
Box body；6th, circuit board；7th, fastening bolt.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described, but not therefore and
Limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Fig. 2 the present embodiment be used for bullet train unstability detect in vibration signal filter, including one with
Upper elastic filtering unit 1 and the signal gathering unit 2 being connected respectively with elastic filtering unit 1, elastic filtering unit 1 are respectively provided with
It is rigidly connected on the bogie of car 3 of targeted cache train, and with the bogie of car 3；Elastic filtering unit 1, which includes having, to be referred to
The filter of fixed viscous damping coefficient is shaken damper, and filter is shaken the damper vibratory impulse that the bogie of car 3 is subject to when vehicle is run
Absorbed, filtered, to absorb, filter the vibratory impulse in designated frequency band according to viscous damping coefficient, and by designated frequency band it
Outer vibratory impulse conduction output, signal gathering unit 2 gathers the vibration that output is conducted after filtering shake damper absorption, filtering
Impact and carry out signal conversion, form filtered vibration signal output.
The present embodiment signal gathering unit 2 specifically uses acceleration transducer, by gather vibration acceleration for
The follow-up unstability of bullet train vibration detection differentiates.
The present embodiment passes through the vibration of the elastic filter vehicle bogie 3 of filtering unit 1 of setting on the bogie of car 3, warp
Cross signal gathering unit 2 and can obtain filtered vibration signal, simple in construction, required cost is low, the special filter without configuring
Ripple resource and filtering accuracy height, while disclosure satisfy that the demand of vibration detection in bullet train realizes quick response.The present embodiment
The non-electrically filtering process vibrated to bullet train is realized based on mechanical system, traditional Electric signal processing side is compared to
Formula, filtering realize it is simple, not by powering, radiate, the factor such as electromagnetic interference, volume is constrained, and effectively prevent Electric signal processing
The various defects of mode.
The present embodiment is by setting elastic filtering unit 1, it may also be used for such as assembling letter collecting unit and post processing electric circuit
The support of structural member of pcb board etc. fix, so as to provide support fixing function.
The present embodiment was carried out by elastic filtering unit 1 to the extraneous impact shock received by the bogie of car 3
It is specifically by one or more there is the material for specifying viscous damping coefficient to be made that the damper that shakes is filtered in filter, elastic filtering unit 1,
It shows different damping characteristics in different frequency range.Shake damper, make by using the filter with certain viscous damping coefficient
Overdamp characteristic must be presented to the vibration in effective frequency range, elastic filtering unit 1, form rigid support to transmit vibration；To having
The vibration outside frequency range is imitated, underdamping characteristic is presented in elastic filtering unit 1, absorb vibrational energy to suppress vibration, can so make
It must be transmitted in the vibration signal in signal gathering unit 2, useless frequency band signals have been filtered out, and only retain effective frequency range letter
Number.Damper is shaken in filter specifically can be using the realization of the materials such as nylon, rubber, plastic cement.
Due to material property reason, filter the damper that shakes and there is not precipitous etc. enough phenomenon of damping change at critical frequency point,
To improve the filtering accuracy of whole filtering unit, prevent critical frequency point annex from causing effectively due to filtering damper performance reason of shaking
In-band signal is attenuated or effectively frequency range external signal is not filtered out, in the present embodiment, in addition to be connected with signal gathering unit 2
Signal correction unit 4, signal correction unit 4 is according to viscous damping coefficient to being specified in filtered vibration signal in effective frequency range
Signal compensates, specifies the signal beyond effective frequency range to be filtered out.The 4 pairs of elasticity filtering of this implementation binding signal amending unit
Vibration signal after component 1 is filtered is modified, enabling is reached preferable filter effect, is realized high-precision filtering, together
Shi Shixian is simple to operate, and the defect problem of the filtering modes such as traditional software, hardware or software and hardware combining is not present in it.
The present embodiment is especially by DSP Processor（Or the programmable processor such as general processor, FPGA and CPLD etc.）
The amendment to filtered vibration signal is realized by the way of software, i.e., is determined in the damping characteristic by elastic filtering unit 1
After the Frequency point of compensation, the critical frequency point of effective frequency range required in effective frequency range, each Frequency point and critical frequency are compensated
The signal of point, while effective frequency range external signal in vibration signal is eliminated, wherein penalty coefficient when being compensated at each frequency specifically may be used
Damping characteristic by elastic filtering unit 1 in respective frequencies point is determined.The present embodiment specifically can be by signal enhancing come real
Now to the compensation of each Frequency point signal.
In the present embodiment, signal gathering unit 2 may be provided at the output of the interior or elastic filtering unit 1 of elastic filtering unit 1
End, specific set-up mode can be determined according to the actual requirements.The elastic filtering unit 1 of the directly collection of signal gathering unit 2 is filtered
Vibration signal afterwards, thus the acquisition performance requirement of signal gathering unit 2 is effectively reduced, it reduce further required cost.
As shown in Figure 3,4, the present embodiment signal gathering unit 2 specifically uses sensor（Acceleration sensor）, wherein, Fig. 3
The output end of elastic filtering unit 1 is arranged on for sensor, Fig. 4 is that sensor is arranged in elastic filtering unit 1.Outside is reached
The impact shock of the bogie of car 3（Signal 1）Elastic filtering unit 1 is first passed through, partial band signal is filtered out（Garbage signal）Afterwards
Useful signal（Signal 2）Sensor is sent to, the vibration of acquisition is converted to electric signal by sensor（Signal 3）Signal is delivered to repair
Positive unit 4, signal correction unit 4 is modified by software and vibration signal after the filtering that can be used for rear class to handle is formed after processing
（Signal 4）.Sensor directly gathers the vibration signal of elastic filtering unit 1, thus reduces the performance requirement to sensor, real
Required index request can be met using the sensor of lower-performance model in border, required cost is effectively reduced.
In the present embodiment, signal proportion converter unit is also associated between signal gathering unit 2 and signal correction unit 4,
The filtered vibration signal that passing ratio converter unit exports signal gathering unit 2 carries out transformation of scale, follow-up to meet
The demand of signal transacting.
As shown in figure 5, elastic filtering unit 1 is fixedly mounted in a box body 5 in the specific embodiment of the invention, box body 5
It is rigidly connected with the bogie of car 3, acceleration transducer and the signal processing circuit setting for realizing signal correction unit 4
On a circuit board 6, elastic filtering unit 1 is connected by circuit board 6 with acceleration transducer, signal processing circuit.This implementation
It is bolt connection between example box body 5 and the bogie of car 3, i.e., is attached by multiple fastening bolts.By elastic filtering unit 1
Be arranged in box body 5, be easy at the scene using when integral disassembly, assembly and external connection, while box body 5 be signal gathering unit 2,
Post processing electric circuit etc. provides protection, it is to avoid there is provided a stable working environment for the invasion and attack of sleet and foreign matter shock.
The present embodiment also provides a kind of method based on above-mentioned filter, and step includes：
1）The viscous damping coefficient for filtering the damper that shakes is specified previously according to the required frequency characteristic for filtering out signal, will be had
Specify the elastic filtering unit 1 of viscous damping coefficient to be arranged in target train on the bogie of car 3, and be rigidly connected；
2）During targeted cache train operation, vibratory impulse that the bogie of car 3 is subject to absorbs by elastic filtering unit 1,
Filtering, the vibratory impulse that output is conducted in the collection in real time of signal gathering unit 2 after elastic filtering unit 1 absorbs, filtered is gone forward side by side
Row signal is changed, and forms filtered vibration signal output.
In the present embodiment, in addition to signal correction step 3）, concretely comprise the following steps：
3.1）The viscous damping coefficient having according to effective frequency range and elastic filtering unit is specified, which is obtained, needs compensation
Frequency point or frequency range；
3.2）The filtered vibration signal is compensated according to the Frequency point or frequency range acquired, and filters out finger
Signal outside fixed effective frequency range.
By specifying suitable viscous damping coefficient so that the vibration in the elastic effective frequency range of 1 pair of filtering unit was presented
Damping characteristic, forms rigid support to transmit vibration；Underdamping characteristic is presented to the vibration outside effective frequency range, vibrational energy is absorbed
With suppress vibration so that bullet train unstability detection in can quick response, realize effective filtering of vibration signal；Further according to
The damping characteristic Frequency point undesirable to filter effect is compensated, and further filters out the signal outside effective frequency range, is compared
It is no to need complicated filtering algorithm, you can to realize high-precision filtering compared with traditional software mode.
Above-mentioned simply presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not makees any formal limitation to the present invention.Although of the invention
It is disclosed above with preferred embodiment, but it is not limited to the present invention.Therefore, it is every without departing from technical solution of the present invention
Content, according to the technology of the present invention essence to any simple modifications, equivalents, and modifications made for any of the above embodiments, all should fall
In the range of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (9)
1. the filter of vibration signal in a kind of detection for bullet train unstability, it is characterised in that：Including more than one bullet
Property filtering unit（1）And respectively with the elastic filtering unit（1）The signal gathering unit of connection（2）, the elasticity filtering
Component（1）It is arranged at the bogie of car of targeted cache train（3）On, and with the bogie of car（3）It is rigidly connected；Institute
State elastic filtering unit（1）Shaken damper including the filter with the viscous damping coefficient specified, the filter shakes damper by vehicle
Bogie of car during operation（3）The vibratory impulse being subject to is absorbed, filtered, to be inhaled according to the viscous damping coefficient
The vibratory impulse received, filtered in designated frequency band, and the vibratory impulse outside the designated frequency band is conducted into output, the signal is adopted
Collect unit（2）Collection conducts the vibratory impulse of output after damper absorption, filtering are shaken in the filter and carries out signal conversion, shape
Into the output of filtered vibration signal.
2. the filter of vibration signal in the detection according to claim 1 for bullet train unstability, it is characterised in that：
Also include and the signal gathering unit（2）The signal correction unit of connection（4）, the signal correction unit（4）According to described
Viscous damping coefficient is to specifying effective in-band signal to compensate in the filtered vibration signal, the specified effectively frequency
Signal beyond section is filtered out.
3. the filter of vibration signal in the detection according to claim 2 for bullet train unstability, it is characterised in that：
The signal gathering unit（2）With the signal correction unit（4）Between be also associated with signal proportion converter unit.
4. the vibration signal filter in the detection according to claim 3 for bullet train unstability, it is characterised in that：
The signal gathering unit（2）It is arranged on the elastic filtering unit（1）Interior or described elastic filtering unit（1）Output end.
5. the filter of vibration signal in the detection according to claim 4 for bullet train unstability, it is characterised in that：
The signal gathering unit（2）For acceleration transducer.
6. it is used for the filtering dress of vibration signal during bullet train unstability is detected according to any one in Claims 1 to 5
Put, it is characterised in that：The elastic filtering unit（1）It is fixedly mounted on a box body（5）It is interior, the box body（5）With the car
Bogie（3）It is rigidly connected.
7. the filter of vibration signal in the detection according to claim 6 for bullet train unstability, it is characterised in that：
The box body（5）With the bogie of car（3）Between be specially bolt connection.
8. the method for the filter in a kind of utilization claim 1~7 described in any one, it is characterised in that step includes：
1）The viscous damping coefficient for filtering the damper that shakes is specified previously according to the required frequency characteristic for filtering out signal, will be had
Specify the elastic filtering unit of viscous damping coefficient（1）It is arranged on the bogie of car in target train（3）On, and carry out rigid connect
Connect；
2）During targeted cache train operation, the bogie of car（3）The vibratory impulse being subject to passes through the elastic filtering unit
（1）Absorb, filter, the signal gathering unit（2）The elastic filtering unit is passed through in collection in real time（1）Passed after absorption, filtering
Lead the vibratory impulse of output and carry out signal conversion, form filtered vibration signal output.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that also including signal correction step 3）, concretely comprise the following steps：
3.1）According to specified effective frequency range and elastic filtering unit（1）The viscous damping coefficient being had, which is obtained, needs what is compensated
Frequency point or frequency band；
3.2）The filtered vibration signal is compensated according to the Frequency point or frequency band of acquisition, and filtered out described
Specify the signal outside effective frequency range.
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| CN110311651A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-10-08 | 林德（中国）叉车有限公司 | A kind of filter method and filter device of the accelerator pedal potentiometer voltage signal of vehicle |
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