CN105141282A - Vibration signal filtering device and method for high-speed train unstability detection - Google Patents
Vibration signal filtering device and method for high-speed train unstability detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration signal filtering device and method for high-speed train unstability detection. The device comprises more than one elastic filter assembly, and a signal acquisition unit connected with the elastic filter assemblies, respectively; the elastic filter assemblies are all arranged on the bogie of a target high-speed train and rigidly connected with the bogie; each elastic filter assembly comprises a vibration filtering damper having a specified viscous damping coefficient and used for absorbing and filtering vibration impact on the bogie when the train runs; the signal acquisition unit is used for acquiring vibration impact conducted and output after absorption and filtering by the vibration filtering dampers and performs signal conversion to form filtered vibration signals for outputting; the method is an implementation method employing the device. The vibration signal filtering device for high-speed train unstability detection is capable of meeting the requirement on high-speed train unstability detection, and has the advantages of simple structure, low required cost, easy implementation, high filtering accuracy, fast system response and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to High-sped Trains field, particularly relate to a kind of filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability and method.
Background technology
Along with Development of High Speed Railway, bullet train vehicle requires also more and more higher to dynamic performance, and the kinetic stability how under support vehicles high-speed cruising state, also becomes the major issue affecting safe train operation.In order to ensure the security of operation of rail vehicle, usually need to detect the stability of vehicle relative orbit direction transverse movement, to find the dangerous sports situations such as such as Snakes model as early as possible.Once unstable phenomenon appears in Vehicular system, its riding quality will sharply worsen, and traveling comfort also will reduce greatly, and Snakes model can cause interaction strong between wheel track, make the serious harm of paired transmission line, even can cause derailment accident.Judgement at present to bullet train Cross deformation, generally all adopts the Vibration Condition of acceleration transducer measuring vehicle bogie and analyzes it, differentiating after identifying characteristic signal again.A kind of typical application is as monitoring designated frequency band (2Hz ~ 10Hz) interior bogie lateral vibration acceleration amplitude, and calculate its peak-to-peak value, after this parameter continues to meet or exceed critical value (as 2.0g) for more than 10 times, then judge that train there occurs Cross deformation.
Because vehicle movement affects by multiple factors such as vehicle self-characteristic, line condition, Wheel Rail Contact situations, vibration signal has wide-band, multifrequency aliasing, there is the features such as a large amount of excitation interference, thus in order to meet realtime control requirement, bullet train is upper must carry out filtering to non-characteristic spectra signal in the detection of unstability.Means of filtering conventional at present comprises the compound filter etc. of hardware filtering, software filtering and software and hardware combining, shown in all kinds of means of filtering is specific as follows:
(1) hardware simulation filtering
When adopting hardware simulation filtering mode, the time delay of generation is very little (below Millisecond), is applicable to site environment and controls in real time.For certain type bogie unstability checkout gear of CRH380A type car equipment, its filtering process adopts hardware circuit to complete exactly, signal processing flow as shown in Figure 1, the vibration signal detected by transducer is after signal sampling, carry out filtering through 5 grades of hardware filtering circuit, these hardware filtering circuit are made up of operational amplifier and Resistor-Capacitor Unit etc.
But there is following defect in such mode:
1) circuit scale is subject to the restriction of PCB size, cannot realize high-order (more than 256 rank) filtering, and precision is low, weak effect; Checkout gear precision as above-mentioned CRH380A type car is 10%;
2) due to single-stage weak effect, generally need to adopt multiple-stage filtering cascade process, cause circuit structure complicated, need to calculate and the parameter of coupling is many, design and debugging difficulty large;
3) analog electronics is in use subject to such environmental effects, will produce parameter drift, deterioration in accuracy after working long hours, and need regularly calibrate.
(2) software digital filter
When adopting software mode to build digital filter, high-order (as 1024 rank) filter effect can be realized easily, obtain good width-frequency characteristic and high accuracy; And program composition can utilize some existing function and algorithms, reduce development difficulty, parameter modification and debugging are all very convenient, and filter effect does not affect by environment and time factor.When laboratory is researched and analysed signal, owing to not needing the real-time considering signal transacting, generally all adopt this kind of mode, by high primary frequency computer and complicated filtering algorithm, to obtain accurate filter effect as far as possible.
But there is following problem in such mode:
1) because software filtering is realized by mathematical computations, thus filter effect is relevant with amount of calculation, and obtain excellent filter effect needs to carry out magnanimity calculating, must by the processor of powerful;
2) FIR(FiniteimpactResponse, has limit for length's impulse response) there is a time delay t affected by filter order, signal sampling rate in filtering, and it cannot be reduced by Optimization Software; And when filter order improves, this time delay can synchronously increase, and affects real-time.
3) signal to noise ratio of signal cannot being improved under unitary sampling pattern, thus can cause the distortion of useful signal when processing Low SNR signal.
(3) compound filter
For the application requirement of satisfied scene, often combine above two kinds of modes use, forms compound filter system.Although such filtering mode can obtain certain and balance in system responses and precision, this mode can not eliminate the drawback of two kinds of modes completely, and system can be made to become more complicated, is not easy to operation and realizes.
In sum, which kind of type no matter current filtering mode adopt, all process based on transducer electric quantity signal, special treatment circuit or process software need be built, be subject to the factor restrictions such as power supply, heating, volume, and the defects such as low-response, low precision, system complex cannot be avoided, be difficult to meet the on-the-spot detection demand in real time of bullet train.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is just: the technical problem existed for prior art, the invention provides and a kind ofly can meet bullet train unstability and detect the filter of vibration signal and method in detecting for bullet train unstability of demand, simple, the required cost of implementation structure is low, be easy to realize, the high and faster system response of filtering accuracy.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is:
A kind of filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability, it is characterized in that: the signal gathering unit comprising more than one elasticity filtering unit and be connected with described elasticity filtering unit respectively, described elasticity filtering unit is all arranged on the bogie of car of targeted cache train, and is rigidly connected with the described bogie of car; Described elasticity filtering unit comprises the filter with the viscous damping coefficient of specifying and to shake damper, the vibratory impulse that the bogie of car described during vehicle operating is subject to carries out absorbing, filtering by the described filter damper that shakes, to absorb, to filter the vibratory impulse in designated frequency band according to described viscous damping coefficient, and the vibratory impulse conduction outside described designated frequency band is exported, described signal gathering unit collection is conducted the vibratory impulse of output and is carried out signal conversion after damper absorption, filtration are shaken in described filter, forms filtered vibration signal and exports.Further improvement as apparatus of the present invention: also comprise the signal correction unit be connected with described signal gathering unit, the signal of described signal correction unit according to described viscous damping coefficient to specifying effective in-band signal to compensate in described filtered vibration signal, beyond the effective frequency range of described appointment carries out filtering.
Further improvement as apparatus of the present invention: be also connected with signal proportion converter unit between described signal gathering unit and described signal correction unit.
Further improvement as apparatus of the present invention: described signal gathering unit is arranged in described elasticity filtering unit or the output of described elasticity filtering unit.
Further improvement as apparatus of the present invention: described signal gathering unit is acceleration transducer.
Further improvement as apparatus of the present invention: described elasticity filtering unit is all fixedly mounted in a box body, described box body and the described bogie of car are rigidly connected.
Further improvement as apparatus of the present invention: be specially bolt between described box body with the described bogie of car and be connected.
Utilize a method for above-mentioned vibration signal filter, step comprises:
1) specify described filter to shake the viscous damping coefficient of damper according to the frequency characteristic of required filtered signal in advance, specify the elasticity filtering unit of viscous damping coefficient to be arranged in target train on the bogie of car by having, and be rigidly connected;
2) during targeted cache train operation, the vibratory impulse that the described bogie of car is subject to absorbs through described elasticity filtering unit, filtration, described signal gathering unit Real-time Collection absorbs through described elasticity filtering unit, filter after conduct the vibratory impulse of output and carry out signal conversion, form filtered vibration signal and export.
As the further improvement of the inventive method, also comprise signal correction step 3), concrete steps are:
3.1) according to specifying effective frequency range and described viscous damping coefficient to obtain the Frequency point needing compensation;
3.2) according to the described Frequency point obtained, described filtered vibration signal is compensated, and described in filtering, specify the signal outside effective frequency range.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the present invention filters the vibration of the bogie of car on bullet train by arranging elasticity filtering unit on the bogie of car, filtered vibration signal is obtained through signal gathering unit, simple, the required cost of structure is low, without the need to configure dedicated filtering resource and filtering accuracy is high, the demand that simultaneously can meet vibration detection in bullet train realizes response fast; By arranging elasticity filtering unit, also fixed function can be provided support;
2) the present invention is based on the non-electrical mode filtering process that mechanical system realizes vibrating bullet train, the Electric signal processing mode be compared to, filtering realizes simple, not by the constraint of the factors such as power supply, heat radiation, electromagnetic interference, volume, effectively prevent the various defects of the filtering modes such as traditional hardware, software or software and hardware combining;
3) signal gathering unit of the present invention directly gathers elasticity filtering unit and carries out filtered vibration signal, thus effectively reduces the acquisition performance requirement of signal gathering unit, reduce further required cost;
4) the present invention comprises signal correction unit further, binding signal amending unit is revised the vibration signal after the filtration of elasticity filtering unit, namely according to the damping characteristic of elasticity filtering unit, in-band signal effective in filtering after vibration signal is compensated, eliminate effective frequency range external signal simultaneously, make namely can reach desirable filter effect, realize high-precision filtering, realize simultaneously simple to operate, be easy to realize.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be during traditional bullet train unstability detects filtering process realize principle schematic.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the vibration signal filter during the present embodiment detects for bullet train unstability.
When Fig. 3 is the first connected mode of transducer in the present embodiment, filter realizes principle schematic.
When Fig. 4 is transducer the second connected mode in the present embodiment, filter realizes principle schematic.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of vibration signal filter in the specific embodiment of the invention.
Marginal data: 1, elasticity filtering unit; 2, signal gathering unit; 3, the bogie of car; 4, signal correction unit; 5, box body; 6, circuit board; 7, fastening bolt.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and concrete preferred embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection range not thereby limiting the invention.
As shown in Figure 2, vibration signal filter during the bullet train unstability that is used for the present embodiment detects, the signal gathering unit 2 comprising more than one elasticity filtering unit 1 and be connected with elasticity filtering unit 1 respectively, elasticity filtering unit 1 is all arranged on the bogie of car 3 of targeted cache train, and is rigidly connected with the bogie of car 3; Elasticity filtering unit 1 comprises the filter with the viscous damping coefficient of specifying and to shake damper, the filter vibratory impulse that bogie of car during vehicle operating 3 is subject to by damper that shakes carries out absorbing, filtering, to absorb, to filter the vibratory impulse in designated frequency band according to viscous damping coefficient, and the vibratory impulse conduction outside designated frequency band is exported, signal gathering unit 2 gathers the damper that shakes after filtration and absorbs, filters the vibratory impulse of rear conduction output and carry out signal conversion, forms filtered vibration signal and exports.
The present embodiment signal gathering unit 2 specifically adopts acceleration transducer, is differentiated for the unstability that bullet train vibration detection is follow-up by the acceleration gathering vibration.
The present embodiment by arranging the vibration of elasticity filtering unit 1 filter vehicle bogie 3 on the bogie of car 3, filtered vibration signal can be obtained through signal gathering unit 2, simple, the required cost of structure is low, without the need to configure dedicated filtering resource and filtering accuracy is high, the demand that simultaneously can meet vibration detection in bullet train realizes response fast.The present embodiment realizes the non-electrical mode filtering process to bullet train vibration based on mechanical system, be compared to traditional Electric signal processing mode, filtering realizes simple, not by the constraint of the factors such as power supply, heat radiation, electromagnetic interference, volume, effectively prevent the various defects of Electric signal processing mode.
The present embodiment, by arranging elasticity filtering unit 1, also can be used for as assembling believes that the support of the structural member of the pcb board of collecting unit and post processing electric circuit etc. is fixed, thus provides support fixed function.
The present embodiment is filtered by the impact shock in the external world received by elasticity filtering unit 1 pair of bogie of car 3, in elasticity filtering unit 1, the filter damper that shakes specifically is had by one or more and specifies the material of viscous damping coefficient to make, and it shows different damping characteristics at different frequency range.By adopting the filter with certain viscous damping coefficient to shake damper, make the vibration in effective frequency range, elasticity filtering unit 1 presents overdamp characteristic, forms rigid support with transmitting vibrations; To the vibration outside effective frequency range, elasticity filtering unit 1 presents underdamping characteristic, and absorbing vibrational energy is to suppress vibration, and can make like this to be transmitted in the vibration signal in signal gathering unit 2, useless frequency band signals by filtering, and only retains effective frequency band signals.Filtering the damper that shakes specifically can adopt the materials such as nylon, rubber, plastic cement to realize.
Due to material property reason, there is the phenomenons such as damping change is precipitous not in the filter damper that shakes at critical frequency point place, for improving the filtering accuracy of whole filtering unit, prevent critical frequency point annex from causing effective in-band signal to be attenuated or the effectively non-filtering of frequency range external signal owing to filtering damper performance reason of shaking, in the present embodiment, also comprise the signal correction unit 4 be connected with signal gathering unit 2, signal correction unit 4 compensates specifying effective in-band signal in filtered vibration signal according to viscous damping coefficient, the signal beyond effective frequency range is specified to carry out filtering.Vibration signal after this enforcement binding signal amending unit 4 pairs of elasticity filtering units 1 filter is revised, make it possible to reach desirable filter effect, realize high-precision filtering, realize simple to operate, there is not the defect problem of the filtering modes such as traditional software, hardware or software and hardware combining in it simultaneously.
The present embodiment is especially by dsp processor (or general processor, the programmable processors etc. such as FPGA and CPLD) correction that adopts the mode of software to realize filtered vibration signal, namely the required Frequency point compensated in effective frequency range is determined in the damping characteristic by elasticity filtering unit 1, after the critical frequency point of effective frequency range, compensate the signal of each Frequency point and critical frequency point, eliminate effective frequency range external signal in vibration signal simultaneously, penalty coefficient when wherein each frequency place compensates specifically can be determined by the damping characteristic of elasticity filtering unit 1 at respective frequencies point.The present embodiment specifically strengthens the compensation realized each Frequency point signal by signal.
In the present embodiment, signal gathering unit 2 can be arranged in elasticity filtering unit 1 or the output of elasticity filtering unit 1, and concrete set-up mode can be determined according to the actual requirements.Signal gathering unit 2 directly gathers elasticity filtering unit 1 and carries out filtered vibration signal, thus effectively reduces the acquisition performance requirement of signal gathering unit 2, reduce further required cost.
As shown in Figure 3,4, the present embodiment signal gathering unit 2 specifically adopts transducer (acceleration sensor), and wherein, Fig. 3 is the output of sensor setting at elasticity filtering unit 1, and Fig. 4 is that sensor setting is in elasticity filtering unit 1.Outside reaches the impact shock (signal 1) of the bogie of car 3 first through elasticity filtering unit 1, useful signal (signal 2) after filtering partial band signal (unwanted signal) is sent to transducer, the vibration of acquisition is converted to the signal of telecommunication (signal 3) and delivers to signal correction unit 4 by transducer, forms the filtering after vibration signal (signal 4) that can be used for rear class process after signal correction unit 4 carries out correcting process by software.Transducer directly gathers the vibration signal of elasticity filtering unit 1, thus reduces the performance requirement to transducer, uses the transducer of lower-performance model can meet required index request, effectively reduce required cost in reality.
In the present embodiment, signal proportion converter unit is also connected with between signal gathering unit 2 and signal correction unit 4, the filtered vibration signal that signal gathering unit 2 exports by passing ratio converter unit carries out transformation of scale, to meet the demand of follow-up signal process.
As shown in Figure 5, specific embodiment of the invention Elastic filtering unit 1 is all fixedly mounted in a box body 5, box body 5 and the bogie of car 3 are rigidly connected, acceleration transducer and the signal processing circuit for realizing signal correction unit 4 are arranged on a circuit board 6, and elasticity filtering unit 1 is connected with acceleration transducer, signal processing circuit by circuit board 6.For bolt is connected between the present embodiment box body 5 with the bogie of car 3, namely connected by multiple fastening bolt.Elasticity filtering unit 1 is arranged in box body 5, be convenient to integral disassembly, assembly when applying at the scene and be externally connected, box body 5 provides protection for signal gathering unit 2, post processing electric circuit etc. simultaneously, avoids the invasion and attack of sleet and foreign matter to clash into, provides the operational environment that stable.
The present embodiment also provides a kind of method based on above-mentioned filter, and step comprises:
1) specify according to the frequency characteristic of required filtered signal the viscous damping coefficient filtering the damper that shakes in advance, specify the elasticity filtering unit 1 of viscous damping coefficient to be arranged in target train on the bogie of car 3 by having, and be rigidly connected;
2) during targeted cache train operation, the vibratory impulse that the bogie of car 3 is subject to absorbs through elasticity filtering unit 1, filters, signal gathering unit 2 Real-time Collection absorbs through elasticity filtering unit 1, filter after conduct the vibratory impulse of output and carry out signal conversion, form filtered vibration signal and export.
In the present embodiment, also comprise signal correction step 3), concrete steps are:
3.1) Frequency point or frequency range that need to compensate is obtained according to the viscous damping coefficient of specifying effective frequency range and elasticity filtering unit to have;
3.2) according to the Frequency point acquired or frequency range, described filtered vibration signal is compensated, and the signal outside effective frequency range is specified in filtering.
By specifying suitable viscous damping coefficient, making elasticity filtering unit 1 present overdamp characteristic to the vibration in effective frequency range, forming rigid support with transmitting vibrations; Present underdamping characteristic to the vibration outside effective frequency range, absorbing vibrational energy to suppress vibration, thus can respond fast in bullet train unstability detects, and realizes effective filtering of vibration signal; Frequency point undesirable to filter effect according to damping characteristic again compensates, and the signal outside the further effective frequency range of filtering, is compared to traditional software mode, and filtering algorithm that need not be complicated, namely can realize high-precision filtering.
Above-mentioned just preferred embodiment of the present invention, not does any pro forma restriction to the present invention.Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the present invention.Therefore, every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to the technology of the present invention essence to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all should drop in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (9)
1. the filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability, it is characterized in that: the signal gathering unit (2) comprising more than one elasticity filtering unit (1) and be connected with described elasticity filtering unit (1) respectively, described elasticity filtering unit (1) is all arranged on the bogie of car (3) of targeted cache train, and is rigidly connected with the described bogie of car (3); Described elasticity filtering unit (1) comprises the filter with the viscous damping coefficient of specifying and to shake damper, the vibratory impulse that the bogie of car (3) described during vehicle operating is subject to carries out absorbing, filtering by the described filter damper that shakes, to absorb, to filter the vibratory impulse in designated frequency band according to described viscous damping coefficient, and the vibratory impulse conduction outside described designated frequency band is exported, described signal gathering unit (2) collection is conducted the vibratory impulse of output and is carried out signal conversion after damper absorption, filtration are shaken in described filter, forms filtered vibration signal and exports.
2. the filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise the signal correction unit (4) be connected with described signal gathering unit (2), the signal of described signal correction unit (4) according to described viscous damping coefficient to specifying effective in-band signal to compensate in described filtered vibration signal, beyond the effective frequency range of described appointment carries out filtering.
3. the filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability according to claim 2, is characterized in that: be also connected with signal proportion converter unit between described signal gathering unit (2) and described signal correction unit (4).
4. according to claim 3 for the vibration signal filter in the detection of bullet train unstability, it is characterized in that: described signal gathering unit (2) is arranged in described elasticity filtering unit (1) or the output of described elasticity filtering unit (1).
5. the filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described signal gathering unit (2) is acceleration transducer.
6. according to the filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability in Claims 1 to 5 described in any one, it is characterized in that: described elasticity filtering unit (1) is all fixedly mounted in a box body (5), described box body (5) and the described bogie of car (3) are rigidly connected.
7. the filter for vibration signal in the detection of bullet train unstability according to claim 6, is characterized in that: be specially bolt between described box body (5) with the described bogie of car (3) and be connected.
8. utilize a method for the filter in claim 1 ~ 7 described in any one, it is characterized in that, step comprises:
1) specify described filter to shake the viscous damping coefficient of damper according to the frequency characteristic of required filtered signal in advance, specify the elasticity filtering unit (1) of viscous damping coefficient to be arranged in target train on the bogie of car (3) by having, and be rigidly connected;
2) during targeted cache train operation, the vibratory impulse that the described bogie of car (3) is subject to absorbs through described elasticity filtering unit (1), filtration, described signal gathering unit (2) Real-time Collection absorbs through described elasticity filtering unit (1), filter after conduction export vibratory impulse and carry out signal conversion, formed filtered vibration signal output.
9. method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, also comprises signal correction step 3), and concrete steps are:
3.1) Frequency point or frequency band that need to compensate is obtained according to the viscous damping coefficient of specifying effective frequency range and elasticity filtering unit (1) to have;
3.2) according to the described Frequency point obtained or frequency band, described filtered vibration signal is compensated, and described in filtering, specify the signal outside effective frequency range.
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