CN105140041B - Liquid solar energy battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Liquid solar energy battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105140041B
CN105140041B CN201510518861.3A CN201510518861A CN105140041B CN 105140041 B CN105140041 B CN 105140041B CN 201510518861 A CN201510518861 A CN 201510518861A CN 105140041 B CN105140041 B CN 105140041B
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liquid
container
shell structure
solar energy
energy battery
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CN105140041A (en
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高荣礼
符春林
蔡苇
陈刚
邓小玲
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Jiaxing Dingshan Information Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Chongqing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of structurally variable, the regulatable liquid solar energy battery of photovoltaic effect and preparation method thereof.Liquid solar energy battery includes container, container includes substrate, leg, leg is made up of side wall, roof, leg, which is fixed on substrate, forms container, and the lower surface of roof is provided with Top electrode, and the upper surface of substrate is provided with bottom electrode, the full magnetoelectricity liquid of the container content, the magnetoelectricity liquid is made up of nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, the mixing of oiliness base fluid, and the core of the nuclear shell structure nano particulate is magnetic particle, and involucrum is ferroelectricity particulate.The preparation method of liquid solar energy battery：Step 1) prepare upper and lower electrode；Step 2) prepare container；Step 3) magnetoelectricity liquid is added in container, obtain liquid solar energy battery.

Description

Liquid solar energy battery and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of solar batteries, more particularly to a kind of liquid solar energy battery and its preparation side Method.
Background technology
Energy crisis is the great difficult problem that our times various countries face, exploitation regenerative resource be alleviate the problem it is effective Approach.In numerous regenerative resources, solar energy because its have the advantages that aboundresources, it is widely distributed, clean it is clean enjoy Favor.Photovoltaic generation is a kind of principal mode for developing solar energy, and its principle is that photovoltaic cell is made using photovoltaic effect, The luminous energy of the sun is converted into electric energy.Photovoltaic cell is broadly divided into silicon, CIS, GaAs, cadmium telluride and polymer photovoltaic Battery etc..Existing industrial thin-film solar cells has that conversion efficiency is low, stability is poor, production cost is higher etc. and lacked Point.Want to change disadvantage mentioned above, can by improving the preparation technology and technical parameter of film, or improve light utilize effect Rate.The problems such as first method faces high R＆D cycle length, cost, technical difficulty, therefore, the utilization ratio for improving light are to improve The important means of conversion efficiency, it appears very necessary.Want the utilization rate of raising sunshine, can be by improving film to the sun The absorptivity of light, and the thickness for increasing film can accomplish this point.But, film thickness is thicker, will certainly reduce solar-electricity The stability in pond, while can also increase the recombination rate of photo-generated carrier, reduces conversion efficiency.Because nano wire (nano chain) has A series of property not available for films, for example its have the absorptivity high to light, low recombination rate, (received in nano wire in addition Rice chain) one end there is stronger electric field (being similar to the electric field near needle point), therefore there is higher search to photo-generated carrier Collect efficiency.Therefore prepare it is high-quality, possess specific texture, relatively low defect, higher purity (high principal phase ratio) Nano wire (nano chain) be improve solar cell photoelectric conversion efficiency effective means.Therefore, how to prepare with spy Determine texture, the solar cell nanometer line (nano chain) of high-purity just seems very necessary.
The weak point of current nano wire and preparation method thereof：
The method of nano wire mainly bag hydro-thermal method, electrochemical process, sol-gel process, direct precipitation method, gas phase are prepared at present Sedimentation.No matter which kind of method, is all difficult to obtain the nano wire with specific orientation, and preparation process is more complicated.
In addition, nano wire is made into solar cell in the presence of some defects, such as because nano wire is thinner, how by electricity It is cumbersome thing that pole connects transmission photo-generated carrier with nano wire；If second, nano wire is for some reason Break, whole solar cell is just scrapped, it is necessary to make a sample again, waste time and energy；Thirdly, nanowire solar cells one Denier is carried out, and shape, structure are all unmodifiable, and photovoltaic effect also can not just regulate and control.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of structurally variable, photovoltaic effect are regulatable Liquid solar energy battery and preparation method thereof.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：
A kind of preparation method of liquid solar energy battery, this method is carried out according to the following steps：
Step 1) prepare electrode
Substrate, and the leg for covering substrate are taken, the leg includes side wall, roof, in the lower surface system of roof Standby Top electrode；
Step 2) prepare container
Leg is fixed on substrate, the container of sealing structure is obtained；
Step 3) prepare liquid solar cell
Take nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, oiliness base fluid, the core of the nuclear shell structure nano particulate The heart is magnetic particle, and the involucrum of nuclear shell structure nano particulate is ferroelectricity particulate, by nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surface Activating agent, oiliness base fluid are uniformly mixed, and obtain magnetoelectricity liquid, and magnetoelectricity liquid is added in container, liquid solar energy is obtained Battery.
In order to which larger photoelectric current can be obtained in illumination, it is preferable that the thickness of the container is both less than container length 1/5, again be less than container width 1/5, formed laminated structure container.
In order to mitigate weight, the thickness of leg, and ensure its insulating properties, it is preferable that the material of the leg is using modeling Material.
In order to which advantageously leg is fixed on substrate, it is preferable that step 2) in, the leg is adhesively fixed on substrate On.
In order to ensure that base fluid will not burn in baking, it is preferable that step 3) in, the oiliness base fluid is silicone oil, 12 At least one of alkylbenzene, Polybutene oil.
In order to ensure the oleophylic performance of surfactant, it is preferable that step 3) in, the lipophilic surfactant is oil Acid.
In order to which nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, oiliness base fluid are uniformly mixed, it is preferable that step 3) in, nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, the mixed method of oiliness base fluid are：First, core shell structure is received Rice particulate uniformly mixed with lipophilic surfactant, then, by nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant mix Compound add oiliness base fluid in, then, by nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, oiliness base fluid mixture Put into air-tight bottle, finally, air-tight bottle is placed on shaking table and shaken, nuclear shell structure nano particulate is uniformly distributed to oil In property base fluid.
In order to which magnetoelectricity liquid is added in container, it is preferable that step 3) in, the magnetoelectricity liquid is injected with syringe In container.
Preferably, the magnetic particle is CFO nanoparticles, and the ferroelectricity particulate is BTO nanoparticles.
A kind of liquid solar energy battery, including container, the container include substrate, leg, and the leg is by side wall, roof group Into the leg is fixed on the container that sealing structure is formed on substrate, and the lower surface of the roof is provided with Top electrode, the substrate Upper surface be provided with bottom electrode, the full magnetoelectricity liquid of the container content, the magnetoelectricity liquid by nuclear shell structure nano particulate, Lipophilic surfactant, oiliness base fluid mixing composition, the core of the nuclear shell structure nano particulate is magnetic particle, nucleocapsid knot The involucrum of structure nanoparticle is ferroelectricity particulate.
The ferroelectricity solar cell studied at present is all solid-state, and the ferroelectricity solar cell of liquid has not been reported.This is Because when ferroelectric material is in liquefaction, temperature is typically all higher than its ferroelectrie Curie temperature, and now ferroelectric material has been Through losing ferroelectricity.Therefore, we propose " liquid solar energy battery " this concept first in the world, and give its system Preparation Method.
But, so-called liquid solar energy battery here, does not mean that proper " liquid " solar-electricity Pond (temperature that material is in liquid is all higher than its Curie temperature, so there is presently no the ferroelectric substance of liquid), and refer to By particle diameter 10nm or so have ferroelectric particulate be dispersed in base fluid (fluid carrier), by adsorb from Sub (Charge repulsion) or the colloidal dispersion that long-chain molecule (repulsion of position power) reaches anti-agglomeration and forms stabilization is taken on surface, it Magnetic field is applied to particulate afterwards so that particulate turns into chain, is connected with electrode with nano wire, just constitutes solar cell.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the present invention has the advantages that：
1st, ferromagnetic fine particles have flowable, and its form is unbodied, therefore, liquid solar energy battery structure is variable, Photovoltaic effect controllable, using in extensive range.
2nd, under magnetic fields, it can be rotated with ferroelectric particulate, and due in a liquid, so it is rectified Stupid field can be smaller, and due to Brownian movement, the steering under magnetic field is easier.Need to apply relatively large electric field in solids Change polarised direction could be allowed, it is breakdown that electric field easily causes greatly very much sample.
3rd, under electric field action, the orientation of electricdomain can only take along close to some of direction of an electric field in solid-state ferroelectric material To might not be along direction of an electric field, and for ferroelectricity liquid, because ferromagnetic fine particles can freely turn in a liquid It is dynamic, therefore the orientation of its electricdomain can be completely along magnetic direction.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of container；
Fig. 2 be normal state under, the structural representation of liquid solar energy battery；
Fig. 3 is applies during vertical direction magnetic field, the structural representation of liquid solar energy battery；
Fig. 4 schemes for the TEM of CFO-BFO core shell structures；
Fig. 5 is the I-V curve of battery structure under illumination-not illumination.
In accompanying drawing, 1 is bottom electrode, and 2 be leg, and 3 be nuclear shell structure nano particulate, and 4 be base fluid, and 5 be ferroelectric nano chain, 6 For Top electrode.
Embodiment
Because ferroelectricity solar cell is general by bottom electrode, ferroelectric thin film, Top electrode, the sandwich knot of three part compositions Structure.Therefore, here with the traditional ferroelectric thin film layer of ferroelectric liquid substitution.Change ferroelectricity liquid by applying outfield The status architecture of particulate in body, so as to regulate and control the structure of ferroelectricity solar cell.
For electric field, driven with magnetic field with certain advantage：Magnetic field is a kind of noncontact.It can realize Miniaturization, remote control, it is not necessary to contact avoid the need for wire, in addition, driven with magnetic field in the absence of sample it is breakdown can Can property.With magnetic field as magnet, for magnetic field, electric energy has been saved.
However, general ferromagnetic fine particles do not have magnetic, it is clearly uncontrollable particle movement situation with magnetic field.Therefore, We thus obtain magnetic for core by wrapping up one layer of ferroelectricity layer on the surface of magnetic particle, and ferroelectricity is the compound of shell Material.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, a kind of preferred embodiment of liquid solar energy battery, including container, the container include substrate, Leg, the leg is made up of side wall, roof, and the leg is fixed on the container that sealing structure is formed on substrate, the roof Lower surface be provided with Top electrode, the upper surface of the substrate is provided with bottom electrode, the full magnetoelectricity liquid of the container content, the magnetic Conductive liquid is made up of nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, the mixing of oiliness base fluid, the nuclear shell structure nano The core of particulate is magnetic particle, and the involucrum of nuclear shell structure nano particulate is ferroelectricity particulate.
Top electrode, bottom electrode in this patent are entered for the orientation in accompanying drawing, can be front and rear electricity among reality Pole or left and right electrode etc..So-called iron is formed because we there will be ferroelectric nanoparticle to be dispersed in base fluid Conductive liquid, therefore, is characterized in order to the ferroelectricity to ferroelectricity liquid, it is necessary to apply magnetic to ferroelectricity liquid So that the ferroelectricity particulate in liquid is polarized.Therefore, base fluid should just select the very poor liquid of electric conductivity, such as approach In the grease type of insulation, should additionally have some other performance：Breakdown strength is high, and dielectric loss angle tangent is small, insulaion resistance Rate is high, and relative dielectric constant is small；Next to that with excellent physical and chemical properties.Such as vapourizing temperature height, flash-point height, hardly possible of trying one's best Combustion is non-ignitable；Freezing point is low, suitable viscosity and viscosity-temperature profile；Thermal conductivity is big, and specific heat capacity is big；Heat endurance is good, oxytolerant Change；It is inspiratory small under magnetic fields；Its compatibility between the solid material contacted will get well；Toxicity is low, easy biology Degraded.Also require that source is wide, price is low.Silicone oil and detergent alkylate, Polybutene oil such as being used under high temperature).Then, A certain amount of surfactant is added in base fluid, ferromagnetic fine particles are put into base fluid afterwards, is shaken, or ultrasonic activation makes It is uniform.Apply magnetic fields finally along two corresponding electrode directions so that particulate formation nano chain, and with two electrode phases Even.It is formed solar cell.By controlling size, the direction in magnetic field, different structures are just obtained.
Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, a kind of preferred embodiment of the preparation method of liquid solar energy battery：
Step 1) prepare electrode
By taking pulsed laser deposition as an example or other methods, such as magnetron sputtering, sol-gel process.With La0.7Sr0.3MnO3Exemplified by bottom electrode, it would however also be possible to employ other materials, such as conductive oxide ITO, La0.5Sr0.5CoO3Deng Or metal, Au, Pt, Ag etc..First in SrTiO3Substrate (can certainly be other types of substrate, silicon chip, glass etc.) Cleaned, dried with ultrasonic wave in acetone, alcohol respectively；Chip bench is polished with sand paper, and cleaned up, will be dried in the air Dry substrate is bonded on chip bench with heat conduction elargol, then according to the corresponding mask of shape, size, number of required electrode Version blocks substrate.It is put into after drying in cavity on warm table, starts to vacuumize.Treat that air pressure is extracted into 10-4During Pa, substrate is begun to warm up Platform.Note being slowly heated, being generally heated to 700 DEG C needs 90 minutes or so.Reach after target temperature, kept off substrate with baffle plate Firmly, and gas needed for being passed through is to certain pressure intensity.The energy and frequency parameter of laser are set, carries out pre-sputtering to remove La0.7Sr0.3MnO3Film is (here with La0.7Sr0.3MnO3：It is abbreviated as exemplified by LSMO as the bottom electrode for measuring photovoltaic effect, Other conductive films can be selected) dirt on surface, film is exposed fresh surface, the pre-sputtering time is generally 2~5 points Clock；During pre-sputtering, the parameter such as adjustment laser optical path, range, so that plumage brightness end and chip bench are tangent.Rotate chip bench and Film, and make laser in X, Y-direction particles；Treat after temperature, stable gas pressure, remove baffle plate, deposited.According to required Film thickness select that after suitable sedimentation time, deposition terminate, certain gas and slow cooling are filled with as required.
Take the leg in covering substrate, the leg includes side wall, roof, the material of leg using organic matter thin slice or Leg is made of plastic sheet in the film that person's other materials are done, the present embodiment, and Top electrode is prepared in the lower surface of roof.Upper electricity Extremely can be by metal spraying, the spray metal such as silver on the roof of surfacing, or with the metal system such as gold, silver in sol evenning machine spin coating It is standby, or can also with other methods preparation Top electrodes.In actual fabrication process, arbitrary shape can be prepared as needed Shape, arbitrary dimension, the Top electrode of any number.
Step 2) prepare container
As shown in figure 1, leg to be adhered on substrate from surrounding and top covering, be obtained by AB glue, 502 glue etc. Laminar container, the length and width of container are all much larger than thickness.Its purpose is to constitute " flake ".Since if too thick, illumination The just comparison of produced Carrier recombination is more, and obtained photoelectric current is just smaller.Such as long and width is all 1cm, and thickness is 1mm.Container can also be processed by other methods.
Step 3) prepare liquid solar cell
1st step：The preparation of CFO-BTO magnetic-electricity core-shell structure magnetic particulate：
Preparing has ferromagnetic Conjugate ferrite (CFO) nanoparticle：
For example, by FeCl3·6H2O (0.04mol, 100mL) and Co (NO3)2·6H2O (0.02mol, 100mL) is mixed, plus Enter NaOH (0.35mol, 500mL), mixed solution is then heated to boiling, taken after continuing 1min with its quick stirring boiling Lower natural sedimentation uses 1mol/L HNO after fully precipitating3Solution carries out cleaning to sediment until p H values are 7. and then will be clear Washing required for being obtained after products therefrom such as is dehydrated, dried by acetone at the process has ferromagnetic CFO nanoparticles.
Ferroelectric barium titanate (BTO) particulate is prepared with sol-gel process：
1) preparation of barium precursor liquid：Appropriate glacial acetic acid is added in barium acetate, is placed in 80 DEG C of thermostat water baths and adds It is transferred to after heat of solution, cooling in volumetric flask, ethylene glycol ethyl ether constant volume, which is added dropwise, using buret produces Ba precursor liquids.2) titanium precursor The preparation of liquid：Glacial acetic acid and ethylene glycol ethyl ether are added in butyl titanate as mixed solvent, appearance is transferred to after dissolving In measuring bottle, ethylene glycol ethyl ether constant volume is instilled using buret and produces Ti precursor liquids.Ti precursor liquids are added drop-wise in Ba precursor liquids, dripped Plus after appropriate acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione is added to adjust dissolved adhesiveness, it is well mixed after through producing within 24 hours the colloidal sol of pure barium titanate.If needing The colloidal sol of barium titanate doping is prepared, only appropriate La precursor liquids, Nd precursor liquids or Co precursor liquids need to be added simultaneously, it is old through 24 hours The colloidal sol of barium titanate doping is produced after change.If necessary, can also add ethanol in proper amount amine to control the viscosity of colloidal sol.Then will CFO magnetic nanometer particles are added in colloidal sol, are finally toasted the mixture of obtained colloidal sol and particulate on warm table, Batch-type furnace is put into after drying to be sintered, and is 900 DEG C in sintering temperature, the time is 2h.After products therefrom is fully ground, obtain To the required CFO-BTO nanoparticles with magnetic-electricity core shell structure.
2nd step：The preparation of CFO-BTO magnetic-electricity core shell structure magnetoelectricity liquid：
According to the demand of oneself, there is CFO-BTO magnetic-electricity nuclear shell structure nano particulate uniformly to disperse certain mass In certain density silicone oil.Silicone oil has that high-low temperature resistant, chemical stability are good, steam is forced down, viscosity be affected by temperature it is small etc. Feature, is the preferable carrier fluid of magnetoelectricity liquid.But, the characteristic of silicone oil water and oil repellence causes will there is CFO-BTO magnetic-electricity core Shell structural nano particulate, which is dispersed in surfactant therein, must have oleophylic performance, and energy coated magnetic particulate, no Then easily there are the phenomenons such as reunite, settle.Surfactant is used as using oleic acid.
Specially：As requested, it is 5% for example to need configuration particulate volume fraction, and cumulative volume has CFO- for 100ml's BTO magnetic-electricity core shell structure magnetoelectricity liquid, then, required particulate volume is 5ml, and its density is about 6g/cm3, then need micro- The quality of grain is 30g；The concentration of oleic acid is 2%, then needs to measure 2ml oleic acid；The volume of silicone oil is 100-5-2=93ml； Therefore,
First, weigh 30g has CFO-BTO magnetic-electricity core shell structure (volume about 5cm3), add 2ml oleic acid in, enter Row shakes, and is then uniformly dispersed in 93ml silicone oil, puts into the vial or other containers of good seal, enterprising in shaking table Row shakes about 1 hour.Then it is 5% just to obtain microsome fraction, and cumulative volume has CFO-BTO magnetic-electricity core for 100ml's Shell structure has magnetic magnetoelectricity liquid.
3rd step：CFO-BTO magnetoelectricity liquid will be obtained in previous step and is injected into container with syringe or other methods In, just obtain the liquid solar energy battery in Fig. 2.
Liquid solar energy battery can apply magnetic field as needed in use, needed for just being obtained along magnetic direction The ferroelectricity nano chain in direction.In the present embodiment, under magnetic fields there is ferroelectric nanoparticle can just move, formation is received Rice chain, just obtains the ferroelectric nano chain of vertical direction shown in Fig. 3.The size in change magnetic field, direction, the size of magnetic field gradient, just Different chain spacing, the ferroelectric nano chain of chain thickness can be obtained.Top electrode is connected with bottom electrode with wire, accesses loop, It is packaged, tests.
Obtained solar cell is detected, it is as a result as follows：
As can be known from Fig. 4, the BTO powder prepared by us is substantially spherically-shaped, and average is directly about 20nm.Can from Fig. 5 Know, surface can be with the quantity for regulating and controlling particle chains, so as to regulate and control its electric conductivity by changing the size in magnetic field
Furthermore, it is possible to find that the solar cell that we obtain has under obvious photovoltaic effect, i.e. illumination and not illumination, The electric current obtained under identical voltage has obvious difference.Our sample of surface has obvious photovoltaic performance.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above is merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and unrestricted, although logical Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of preparation method of liquid solar energy battery, it is characterised in that this method is carried out according to the following steps：
Step 1) prepare electrode
Substrate, and the leg for covering substrate are taken, the leg includes side wall, roof, prepared in the lower surface of roof Electrode, bottom electrode is prepared in the upper surface of substrate；
Step 2) prepare container
Leg is fixed on substrate, the container of sealing structure is obtained；
Step 3) prepare liquid solar cell
Nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, oiliness base fluid are taken, the core of the nuclear shell structure nano particulate is Magnetic particle, the involucrum of nuclear shell structure nano particulate is ferroelectricity particulate, by nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surface-active Agent, oiliness base fluid are uniformly mixed, and obtain magnetoelectricity liquid, magnetoelectricity liquid are added in container, afterwards along Top electrode, bottom electrode Direction applies electric field to nuclear shell structure nano particulate so that nuclear shell structure nano particulate turns into chain, chain nuclear shell structure nano Particulate is connected with Top electrode, bottom electrode, obtains liquid solar energy battery.
2. the preparation method of the liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of the container was both Less than the 1/5 of container length, the 1/5 of container width is less than again, the container of laminated structure is formed.
3. the preparation method of the liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the material of the leg is adopted Use plastics.
4. the preparation method of the liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) in, it is described to enclose Wall is adhesively fixed on substrate.
5. the preparation method of the liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in, the oil Property base fluid be at least one of silicone oil, detergent alkylate, Polybutene oil.
6. the preparation method of the liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in, the parent Oiliness surfactant is oleic acid.
7. the preparation method of the liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in, nucleocapsid knot Structure nanoparticle, lipophilic surfactant, the mixed method of oiliness base fluid are：First, by nuclear shell structure nano particulate and parent Oiliness surfactant is uniformly mixed, then, and the mixture of nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant is added into oil Property base fluid in, then, the mixture of nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, oiliness base fluid is put into air-tight bottle It is interior, finally, air-tight bottle is placed on shaking table and shaken, nuclear shell structure nano particulate is uniformly distributed in oiliness base fluid.
8. the preparation method of the liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in, the magnetic Conductive liquid is injected in container with syringe.
9. the preparation method of liquid solar energy battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The magnetic particle is CFO nanoparticles, the ferroelectricity particulate is BTO nanoparticles.
10. liquid solar energy battery prepared by a kind of any methods described of claim 1 to 9, it is characterised in that：Including container, The container includes substrate, leg, and the leg is made up of side wall, roof, and the leg, which is fixed on substrate, forms sealing structure Container, the lower surface of the roof is provided with Top electrode, and the upper surface of the substrate is provided with bottom electrode, the full magnetic of the container content Conductive liquid, the magnetoelectricity liquid is made up of nuclear shell structure nano particulate, lipophilic surfactant, the mixing of oiliness base fluid, The core of the nuclear shell structure nano particulate is magnetic particle, and the involucrum of nuclear shell structure nano particulate is ferroelectricity particulate.
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CN108267483B (en) * 2018-01-29 2023-10-27 重庆科技学院 Device and method for testing multiferroic liquid performance
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