CN105138733A - Driving comfort based two-lane highway traffic safety evaluation method - Google Patents
Driving comfort based two-lane highway traffic safety evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a driving comfort based two-lane highway traffic safety evaluation method. In the method, a cooperative oscillation model of driver comfort in the prior art is used as a basis, and the cooperative oscillation model is further optimized according to comprehensive effects of four factors, i.e., a person, a vehicle, a road and an environment, on a heart rate variation rate of a driver to obtain a two-lane cooperative oscillation model. The model uses the heart rate variation rate of the driver as a reference, the heart rate variation rates of different drivers driving under different environmental conditions are analyzed by using a driving simulation chamber; the effects of the environmental factors on the heart rate variation rate of the driver are fully taken into consideration; and therefore a quantitative relationship between the environment factors and the heart rate variation rate of the driver is obtained, achieving higher accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to safe evaluation method, be specifically related to the two-lane highway Traffic safety evaluation method based on driver comfort.
Background technology
At present, applying human body various physiology curent change, to study the report of road traffic problem few; The example studying road alignment and traffic safety by the pertinent instruments of medical science, heart physiology aspect and method is just less.Although the people such as Korea S scholar Chung and Chang apply the research that the entrance driveway of electroencephalograph to the straight length of road and crossing has carried out very well, also obtain satisfied achievement in research, but these researchs are local after all, rare report road alignment design being carried out to paractical research.
Inventor Qiao builds just labor horizontal curve in " the mountain area Key Parameter of Two-Lane research based on Driver's Factors " literary composition, longitudinal gradient, the linear impact on Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate such as curved slope, and establish corresponding mathematical model, then from people-Che-Lu-environment aspect, set up the collaborative mode of crew comfort, the security in surveyed section is judged by changes in heart rate, its weak point is quantitatively not calculate the impact of environmental factor on Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change, therefore, the accuracy of this model is relatively low, the rate of change of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate can not be determined exactly.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical matters that quasi-solution of the present invention is determined is: provide a kind of two-lane highway Traffic safety evaluation method based on driver comfort.The method, based on the collaborative mode of crew comfort of the prior art, according to people, car, road, environment four factors to the combined influence of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change, is optimized further, is obtained two-way traffic and work in coordination with mode.This model with Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change for benchmark, utilize drive simulation cabin to analyze different driver and travel the change rate of heartbeat under different environmental baselines, take into full account the impact of environmental factor on Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change, and then drawing the quantitative relationship of environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change, accuracy is higher.
The present invention solve the technical problem taked technical scheme: provide a kind of two-lane highway Traffic safety evaluation method based on driver comfort, the concrete steps of the method are:
(1) collect test figure collect assess the road alignment data in section, comprise straight length, radius of horizontal curve, the gradient, length of grade between reverse horizontal curve, assess section design rate be 40km/h, annual average daily traffic is not higher than 6000pcu/d; To assess section be various line shapes element combinations section, assess section and comprise Horizontal Curve Sections, oppositely Horizontal Curve Sections, longitudinal gradient section and curved section; Visibility during visual test; Portable pendulum tester is utilized to measure pavement friction factor; Use road speed and the velocity variations situation of GPS real time record instruction carriage;
(2) relation setting up environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate adopts MultiGen-Creator software modeling, and import to the operating system in drive simulation cabin, set different visibility and pavement friction factor respectively, Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate delta data is obtained by the emulation experiment in drive simulation cabin, application SPSS software analysis experimental data, obtains the quantitative relation formula of environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate:
∑ N
4(μ, D, k)=k (-10.313 μ-0.032D+22.678), and 0.1≤μ≤0.8, D≤250,
In formula, μ-pavement friction factor, the friction factor of normal dried asphalt road is 0.8, and rainy day surface friction coefficient reduces to 0.4, and the friction factor on snow road surface, sky is 0.28, and the friction factor of ice-patch surface is 0.1; D-visibility (m); K-Horizonal Disturbing coefficient 3.58-4.15, according to Horizonal Disturbing density, value is ascending;
(3) setting up the quantitative relation formula that two-way traffic works in coordination with environmental factor that step (2) obtains by mode and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate is incorporated in collaborative mode of the prior art, the two-way traffic be optimized further works in coordination with mode, choosing driver psychology in this model, to bear index be definite value, value is 30%, namely
F(N)＝K
1N
1-[K
2N
2(Δν)+K
3∑N
3(L
1,L
2,r,I,ν)+K
4∑N
4(μ,D,k)]
Wherein, N
2=| 1.005| Δ ν |-4.690|; ∑ N
3(L
1, L
2, r, I, ν) and=N
31+ N
32+ N
33+ N
34+ N
35;
When section is horizontal curve, N
33=N
34=N
35=0; When section is longitudinal gradient, N
31=N
32=N
35=0; When section is curved slope, N
31=N
32=N
33=N
34=0;
Wherein, when to assess section be Horizontal Curve Sections, and radius of horizontal curve is 20-700m, gradient I=-2.5%-+2.5%, and the relational expression of change rate of heartbeat and radius of horizontal curve and road speed is:
N
31＝-11.565ln(r)-0.03565ν+96.523；
When to assess section be reverse Horizontal Curve Sections, and the straight length oppositely between horizontal curve is 10-350m, gradient I=-2.5%-+2.5%, and the relational expression of change rate of heartbeat and the straight length oppositely between horizontal curve and road speed is:
N
32＝-10.929ln(L
1)-0.27ν+90.093；
When to assess section be longitudinal gradient section, during gradient I ﹥ 2.5%, during upward slope, the pass of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change and the gradient is:
N
33＝1.139I+0.581ν+2.730；
During descending, the pass of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change and the gradient is:
N
34＝-0.665I+0.336ν+0.011L
2+9.427；
When to assess section be curved section, and radius of horizontal curve is the downhill path of 60-600m, gradient I=2.5%-6.5%, and the change rate of heartbeat that curved section causes is:
N
35＝15.796ln(I)-2.448ln(r)+0.408ν+4.156；
In formula: K
1n
1for driver psychology bears index;
[K
2n
2(Δ ν)+K
3∑ N
3(L
1, L
2, r, I, ν) and+K
4∑ N
4(μ, D, k)] be traffic factor stimulation function, K
2-rate coefficient, span is 0.110-0.143; K
3-road synthetic coefficient, span is 0.823-1.070; K
4-environment coefficient, span is 0.067-0.087; N
2the change rate of heartbeat (%) that-velocity variations causes; N
3-road alignment changes the change rate of heartbeat (%) caused; N
4the change rate of heartbeat (%) that-environmental change causes; R-radius of horizontal curve (m); The difference (km/h) of Δ ν-road speed and design rate; L
1the length (m) of straight line between-reverse horizontal curve; L
2-length of grade (m); The I-gradient (%);
(4) bring the test figure in step (1) into model in step (3), obtain evaluation result, namely
Safe during F (N) >0;
Critical point time F (N)=0;
Unsafe during F (N) <0.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is optimized design to existing collaborative mode, and taken into full account that environmental factor is on the impact of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change, selected driver psychology bears index K
1n
1for crew comfort threshold value, getting definite value is 30%, model is optimized, the two-way traffic obtained is made to work in coordination with mode, by gathered test figure is directly brought into, just directly can obtain the evaluation result whether road is safe, and test findings shows, the result applying the calculating of this model is consistent with actual accidents number, illustrate that this model accurately can make safety evaluatio to existing two-way traffic, and evaluation result is with a high credibility, decrease the quantity of the traffic hazard on two-lane highway, and enhance the road-ability of two-lane highway, simultaneously for highway layout provides foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 the present invention is based on the comparison diagram that the two-lane highway Traffic safety evaluation method of driver comfort and prior art traffic factor stimulate function, traffic hazard number.
Embodiment
The concrete steps that the present invention is based on the two-lane highway Traffic safety evaluation method (abbreviation method) of driver comfort are:
(1) collect test figure collect assess the road alignment data in section, comprise straight length, radius of horizontal curve, the gradient, length of grade between reverse horizontal curve, assess section and should meet " Road Design specification ", design rate is 40km/h, and annual average daily traffic is not higher than 6000pcu/d; To assess section be various line shapes element combinations section, assess section and comprise Horizontal Curve Sections, oppositely Horizontal Curve Sections, longitudinal gradient section and curved section; Described various line shapes element comprises straight, horizontal curve, longitudinal gradient, curved slope and reverse horizontal curve; Visibility during visual test; Portable pendulum tester is utilized to measure pavement friction factor; Use road speed and the velocity variations situation of GPS real time record instruction carriage;
(2) the relational design speed setting up environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate is 40km/h, transportation condition is freestream conditions, adopt MultiGen-Creator software modeling, and import to the operating system in drive simulation cabin, set different visibility and pavement friction factor respectively, obtain Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate delta data by the emulation experiment in drive simulation cabin, application SPSS software analysis experimental data, obtains the quantitative relation formula of environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate:
∑ N
4(μ, D, k)=k (-10.313 μ-0.032D+22.678), and 0.1≤μ≤0.8, D≤250,
In formula, μ-pavement friction factor, the friction factor of normal dried asphalt road is 0.8, and rainy day surface friction coefficient reduces to 0.4, and the friction factor on snow road surface, sky is 0.28, and the friction factor of ice-patch surface is 0.1; D-visibility (m); K-Horizonal Disturbing coefficient 3.58-4.15, according to Horizonal Disturbing density, value is ascending, namely k is within the scope of 3.58-4.15, change with the change of Horizonal Disturbing density, the motor vehicle sailed when road is up, bicycle etc. are on the travel speed with reference to vehicle without when affecting, and Horizonal Disturbing density is less, and k gets smaller value 3.58; If the motor vehicle that road travels, bicycle etc. have had a strong impact on the free travel speed with reference to vehicle, cause speed to have obvious reduction, Horizonal Disturbing density is comparatively large, then k gets higher value;
(3) setting up the quantitative relation formula that two-way traffic works in coordination with environmental factor that step (2) obtains by mode and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate is incorporated in collaborative mode of the prior art, the two-way traffic be optimized further works in coordination with mode, choosing driver psychology in this model, to bear index be definite value, value is 30%, namely
F(N)＝K
1N
1-[K
2N
2(Δν)+K
3∑N
3(L
1,L
2,r,I,ν)+K
4∑N
4(μ,D,k)]
Wherein, N
2=| 1.005| Δ ν |-4.690|; ∑ N
3(L
1, L
2, r, I, ν) and=N
31+ N
32+ N
33+ N
34+ N
35
When section is horizontal curve, N
33=N
34=N
35=0; When section is longitudinal gradient, N
31=N
32=N
35=0; When section is curved slope, N
31=N
32=N
33=N
34=0;
Wherein, when to assess section be Horizontal Curve Sections, and radius of horizontal curve is 20-700m, gradient I=-2.5%-+2.5%, and the relational expression of change rate of heartbeat and radius of horizontal curve and road speed is:
N
31＝-11.565ln(r)-0.03565ν+96.523；
When to assess section be reverse Horizontal Curve Sections, and the straight length oppositely between horizontal curve is 10-350m, gradient I=-2.5%-+2.5%, and the relational expression of change rate of heartbeat and the straight length oppositely between horizontal curve and road speed is:
N
32＝-10.929ln(L
1)-0.27ν+90.093；
When to assess section be longitudinal gradient section, during gradient I ﹥ 2.5%, during upward slope, the pass of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change and the gradient is:
N
33＝1.139I+0.581ν+2.730；
During descending, the pass of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change and the gradient is:
N
34＝-0.665I+0.336ν+0.011L
2+9.427；
When to assess section be curved section, and radius of horizontal curve is the downhill path of 60-600m, gradient I=2.5%-6.5%, and the change rate of heartbeat that curved section causes is:
N
35＝15.796ln(I)-2.448ln(r)+0.408ν+4.156；
In formula: K
1n
1for driver psychology bears index;
[K
2n
2(Δ ν)+K
3∑ N
3(L
1, L
2, r, I, ν) and+K
4∑ N
4(μ, D, k)] be traffic factor stimulation function; K
2-rate coefficient, because speed is the principal element affecting security incident, and differ 11km/h between free stream velocity with design speed, and differ 25km/h between maximal rate with design speed, new car, used car, large and small car speed is different (in test considering vehicle) also, and rate coefficient new car gets the small value, used car takes large values, and span is 0.110-0.143;
K
3-road synthetic coefficient, the road synthetic coefficient of cement, pitch, sand-gravel surface increases successively, and span is 0.823-1.070;
K
4-environment coefficient, when driving, along with the change of time or mileage, sighting distance, Horizonal Disturbing, weather, elevation etc. are in continuous change, and span is 0.067-0.087 for environment;
N
2the change rate of heartbeat (%) that-velocity variations causes; N
3-road alignment changes the change rate of heartbeat (%) caused, N
31for the change rate of heartbeat that Horizontal Curve Sections causes, N
32for the change rate of heartbeat that reverse Horizontal Curve Sections causes, N
33for the change rate of heartbeat that longitudinal gradient uphill way causes, N
34for the change rate of heartbeat that longitudinal gradient descending section causes, N
35for the change rate of heartbeat that curved section causes; N
4the change rate of heartbeat (%) that-environmental change causes; R-radius of horizontal curve (m); The difference (km/h) of Δ ν-road speed and design rate; L
1the length (m) of straight line between-reverse horizontal curve; L
2-length of grade (m); The I-gradient (%);
(4) bring the test figure in step (1) into model in step (3), obtain evaluation result, namely
Safe during F (N) >0;
Critical point time F (N)=0;
Unsafe during F (N) <0.
The curved section of the present invention when the gradient is I=2.5%-6.5%, respectively the heart physiological reaction of upward trend and the curve in downhill path, longitudinal gradient automobilism characteristic, driver is analyzed, find that the heart physiological reaction of driver during descending is than violent many of reaction during upward slope, and occur in curved slope accident when being mostly downhill path, therefore the present invention stoops the heart physiological reaction of each traffic factor to driver drives vehicle on section, slope with two-lane highway and studies.
The inventive method is when obtaining the relation of environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change, choose certain two-lane highway wherein one section, design rate is 40km/h, and transportation condition is freestream conditions, in experiment, selected experiment vehicle is minibus, truck, middle bus, adopt MultiGen-Creator software modeling, and import to the operating system in drive simulation cabin, set different visibility and pavement friction factor respectively, experimenter selects age bracket to be 20-24 year respectively, 25-30 year, 31-40 year, four groups of male driver in 41-50 year, the quantity often organizing driver is 10-20, wherein the driving age of the driver in 25-50 year is more than 5 years, often group experimenter is allowed to operate above-mentioned three class vehicles respectively, Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate delta data is obtained by the emulation experiment in a large amount of drive simulation cabins, then SPSS software analysis experimental data is applied, finally obtain the quantitative relation formula of environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate:
∑ N
4(μ, D, k)=k (-10.313 μ-0.032D+22.678), it is the environmental baseline that 0.1-0.8 and visibility are not more than 250 that this relational expression is only applicable to pavement friction factor.
The correlation formula that in the present invention, road alignment changes the change rate of heartbeat caused has carried out detailed statistical study and simplation verification all in " the mountain area Key Parameter of Two-Lane research based on Driver's Factors " literary composition, and formula accurately and reliably.Key point of the present invention is to carry out by a large amount of experimental datas the quantitative relationship that analogue simulation determines environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change, and this quantitative relationship is applied in collaborative mode, further increase the reliability of model, whether the energy effectively evaluating for existing road has this road is that traffic hazard easily sends out section, timely prompting relevant departments or driver take corresponding solution, reduce the probability that traffic hazard occurs, application the inventive method is higher to road safety assessment accuracy, reference is provided simultaneously to highway layout, further traffic hazard is down to minimum.
Two-way traffic in the inventive method is worked in coordination with mode and is designed for male driver, and the reliability of the adjustment model is high, also can provide corresponding reference according to this model for female driver.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is with certain two-lane highway domestic, Shaanxi Province for evaluation object, and this highway annual average daily traffic is less than 6000pcu/d, and whole day is obviously in freestream conditions, meets assessment section and chooses requirement.System-wide section based on the medium truck of transporting cargo, Shaanxi domestic K1073-K1100 system-wide section design rate 40km/h, Δ ν≤20km/h, meet rate uniformity requirement as table 1, road environment is better, the 9m that has a lot of social connections, curb-to-curb width 7m, is the two-lane highway that road geometry linear enriches.
Table 1 rate uniformity evaluation criterion table
Because designer's machinery applies mechanically standard, specification index, occur linear discontinuous, velocity variations is excessive, exceed driver psychology bear the limit and there is more serious traffic safety hidden danger accident " stain " section----this section is exactly a typical section.
Domestic K1073-K1087 section, Shaanxi over the past two years this national highway generation traffic hazard is a lot of.Accident is mainly because the reaction of the descending speed of a motor vehicle too fast driver heart physiological strains is too late, driver's heart physiological strains judges what misoperation caused.
Adopt GPS in the present embodiment and detect real-time speed, portable pendulum tester mensuration pavement friction factor, and select local highway operation main force vehicle, the east wind of dead weight capacity 8t gently blocks, male sex driver 13, the DATA REASONING in this section has been carried out according to the structural environment of model, measurement data is brought into present system mode, obtain result as shown in table 2.
Certain two-lane highway accident changes in heart rate table of table 2
The collaborative mode that the two-lane highway Traffic safety evaluation method that the present invention is based on driver comfort and " the mountain area Key Parameter of Two-Lane research based on Driver's Factors " are mentioned is to the contrast of traffic hazard safety evaluation result, take mileage as horizontal ordinate, draw the actual traffic accident number in this mileage respectively, changing trend diagram that the traffic factor that obtains of application the inventive method stimulate institute in function (%) and document to carry traffic factor that model obtains stimulates function (%) (referred to herein as former traffic factor stimulation function), as shown in Figure 1
As can be seen from Figure 1, the traffic factor that application the present invention calculates stimulates function all more than 30%, and increasing with accident number, traffic factor stimulates function also corresponding increase, trend is consistent substantially, more former traffic factor stimulate function and accident number trend matching degree higher, this evaluation model accuracy is higher as seen.
This model can be used for establishing based on the examination of the accident prone location of Driver's Factors, can propose in advance to adopt flexible design or safety installations to make up improvement in conjunction with actual landform situation, can investment reduction; This evaluation method is simply easy to operation, uses this model can reduce the generation of road accident, and improve the comfortableness that driver travels, for driver creates the environment of safety and comfort, the research for traffic safety provides a reliable method.
Claims (1)
1., based on a two-lane highway Traffic safety evaluation method for driver comfort, the concrete steps of the method are:
(1) collect test figure collect assess the road alignment data in section, comprise straight length, radius of horizontal curve, the gradient, length of grade between reverse horizontal curve, assess section design rate be 40km/h, annual average daily traffic is not higher than 6000pcu/d; To assess section be various line shapes element combinations section, assess section and comprise Horizontal Curve Sections, oppositely Horizontal Curve Sections, longitudinal gradient section and curved section; Visibility during visual test; Portable pendulum tester is utilized to measure pavement friction factor; Use road speed and the velocity variations situation of GPS real time record instruction carriage;
(2) relation setting up environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate adopts MultiGen-Creator software modeling, and import to the operating system in drive simulation cabin, set different visibility and pavement friction factor respectively, Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate delta data is obtained by the emulation experiment in drive simulation cabin, application SPSS software analysis experimental data, obtains the quantitative relation formula of environmental factor and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate:
Σ N
4(μ, D, k)=k (-10.313 μ-0.032D+22.678), and 0.1≤μ≤0.8, D≤250,
In formula, μ-pavement friction factor, the friction factor of normal dried asphalt road is 0.8, and rainy day surface friction coefficient reduces to 0.4, and the friction factor on snow road surface, sky is 0.28, and the friction factor of ice-patch surface is 0.1; D-visibility (m); K-Horizonal Disturbing coefficient 3.58-4.15, according to Horizonal Disturbing density, value is ascending;
(3) setting up the quantitative relation formula that two-way traffic works in coordination with environmental factor that step (2) obtains by mode and Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate is incorporated in collaborative mode of the prior art, the two-way traffic be optimized further works in coordination with mode, choosing driver psychology in this model, to bear index be definite value, value is 30%, namely
F(N)＝K
1N
1-[K
2N
2(Δν)+K
3ΣN
3(L
1,L
2,r,I,ν)+K
4ΣN
4(μ,D,k)]
Wherein, N
2=| 1.005| Δ ν |-4.690|; Σ N
3(L
1, L
2, r, I, ν) and=N
31+ N
32+ N
33+ N
34+ N
35;
When section is horizontal curve, N
33=N
34=N
35=0; When section is longitudinal gradient, N
31=N
32=N
35=0; When section is curved slope, N
31=N
32=N
33=N
34=0;
Wherein, when to assess section be Horizontal Curve Sections, and radius of horizontal curve is 20-700m, gradient I=-2.5%-+2.5%, and the relational expression of change rate of heartbeat and radius of horizontal curve and road speed is:
N
31＝-11.565ln(r)-0.03565ν+96.523；
When to assess section be reverse Horizontal Curve Sections, and the straight length oppositely between horizontal curve is 10-350m, gradient I=-2.5%-+2.5%, and the relational expression of change rate of heartbeat and the straight length oppositely between horizontal curve and road speed is:
N
32＝-10.929ln(L
1)-0.27ν+90.093；
When to assess section be longitudinal gradient section, during gradient I ﹥ 2.5%, during upward slope, the pass of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change and the gradient is:
N
33＝1.139I+0.581ν+2.730；
During descending, the pass of Variation of Drivers ' Heart Rate rate of change and the gradient is:
N
34＝-0.665I+0.336ν+0.011L
2+9.427；
When to assess section be curved section, and radius of horizontal curve is the downhill path of 60-600m, gradient I=2.5%-6.5%, and the change rate of heartbeat that curved section causes is:
N
35＝15.796ln(I)-2.448ln(r)+0.408ν+4.156；
In formula: K
1n
1for driver psychology bears index;
[K
2n
2(Δ ν)+K
3Σ N
3(L
1, L
2, r, I, ν) and+K
4Σ N
4(μ, D, k)] be traffic factor stimulation function; K
2-rate coefficient, span is 0.110-0.143; K
3-road synthetic coefficient, span is 0.823-1.070; K
4-environment coefficient, span is 0.067-0.087; N
2the change rate of heartbeat (%) that-velocity variations causes; N
3-road alignment changes the change rate of heartbeat (%) caused; N
4the change rate of heartbeat (%) that-environmental change causes; R-radius of horizontal curve (m); The difference (km/h) of Δ ν-road speed and design rate; L
1the length (m) of straight line between-reverse horizontal curve; L
2-length of grade (m); The I-gradient (%);
(4) bring the test figure in step (1) into model in step (3), obtain evaluation result, namely
Safe during F (N) >0;
Critical point time F (N)=0;
Unsafe during F (N) <0.
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