CN105137407B - A kind of dual-polarization weather radar ZDR online calibration methods and device - Google Patents
A kind of dual-polarization weather radar ZDR online calibration methods and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of dual-polarization weather radar ZDR online calibration methods and device.ZDR online calibration methods of the present invention are comprised the following steps:(1)Receive the radial data of the signal processor output of dual-polarization weather radar;(2)Identification step(1)Sun echo-signal in the radial data of reception;(3)By step(2)The sun echo-signal of middle identification carries out Quadratic Surface Fitting, calculates ZDR deviations, carries out ZDR demarcation.Real-time online demarcation can effectively be carried out using the present invention, without manual intervention, be automatically performed, it is not necessary to interrupt the normal observation of radar.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ZDR of dual-polarization weather radar(Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured)Demarcate, and in particular to Yi Zhong
Line scaling method and device.
Background technology
Polarization weather radar(Hereinafter referred to as:Dual polarization radar)Either simultaneously or alternately emission level and vertical polarization electromagnetism
Ripple, obtains size, shape, quantity, the phase of sexual intercourse particle(Solid-state, liquid, mixed state), the observation information such as spatial orientation.This
A little observation data are widely used in closing on weather forecast, diastrous weather early warning, weather modification, hydrology Runoff Forecast in short-term
Etc. multiple fields.
Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured(ZDR)It is one of dominant polarization amount of dual polarization radar observation, is by horizontal and vertical logical
The difference of road echo power is calculated, and is small-signal amount.Its feature not only with sexual intercourse particle is relevant, also with binary channels difference
(Antenna, waveguide, receiver horizontal vertical difference)It is relevant.Due to being risen by hardware machining accuracy, component parameter drift, thermal noise
The influence such as volt, the horizontal vertical channel parameters of dual polarization radar can not be completely the same, so needing often mark in observation process
The fixed hardware deviation to correct ZDR.
Patent of invention CN201310202199.1 describes to receive and dispatch calibration technology using binary channels complete trails, reduces binary channels
Receive-transmit system error, that is, correct ZDR hardware deviations.The shortcoming of this technology is cannot real-time calibration antenna, feeder line(Waveguide)'s
Horizontal vertical difference, while there is calibration signal errors.Therefore, the scaling method based on nature source signal extensively should
For weather radar.One of conventional scaling method is, with radar observation sun signal, to be referred to as sun method.Sun method is wide
General to be applied to weather radar demarcation, conventional Weather demarcates antenna pointing error using sun method, and dual-polarization weather radar is also
ZDR demarcation is carried out using sun method, the inconsistent ZDR deviations for causing of binary channels are corrected.Due to solar radiation electromagnetic wave be it is random/
Non-uniform polar(Polarization), emittance both horizontally and vertically is identical, and ZDR theories/actual value is 0.So, use thunder
The difference of the theoretical value and measured value of taking things philosophically shoot the sun signal is exactly the twin-channel difference of radar.
It is off-line type that traditional sun method is demarcated, and has following steps:In specific time period, stop weather echo observation
(Close radar transmitter), demarcation/test software is run, the angle of the sun is calculated, control radar is near sun current angular
Search for up and down, find maximum echo power(Main beam center is just to the sun)Position, calculates ZDR average deviations(Count simultaneously
Calculate radar angular deviation), signal processor parameter is changed, terminate to demarcate.See(Du Muyun etc., 2013;It is quick regarding soft up to radar test
Part user's manual, chapter 10 P54)Document is described.Off-line type demarcates the shortcoming of mode:
1st, radar normal observation is interrupted.Weather echo can not be observed in calibration process, causes to observe the discontinuous of data.
2nd, whole process very important person industry control system.During demarcation, artificial weather echo of closing observes software, accurately right to computer
When, start demarcation/test software.
3rd, calibrating parameters set more complicated, it is necessary to be completed by the personnel of specific training.
4th, sun angle is continually changing, it is difficult to radar antenna is accurately directed into sun center, be it requires repeatedly many
It is secondary to carry out.
The content of the invention
Defect the invention aims to solve prior art presence, there is provided one kind can carry out dual-polarization weather thunder
Up to the method and device of ZDR on-line provings.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of ZDR online calibration methods of dual-polarization weather radar, the party
Method is comprised the following steps:
(1)Receive the radial data of the signal processor output of dual-polarization weather radar;
(2)Identification step(1)Sun echo-signal in the radial data of reception;
(3)By step(2)The sun echo-signal of middle identification carries out Quadratic Surface Fitting, calculates ZDR deviations, carries out ZDR
Demarcate.
Wherein, step(2)The middle specific recognition methods of sun echo-signal is as follows:
A, the angle of radial data judge;
B, the effective storehouse number proportion of reflectivity factor of radial data judge;
C, the effective storehouse number proportion of Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured of radial data judge;
D, the effective storehouse number of radial velocity of radial data judge;
E, the reflectivity factor average of radial data judge;
F, the reflectivity factor standard variance of radial data judge;
G, when the radial data for receiving judges to be satisfied by condition through a to f, then be judged as sun echo-signal, form one
Sample.
The specific determination methods of each steps of a to f are as follows:
A, the azimuth of radial data and sun true bearing angular difference value are less than threshold value THRES_AZ, and radial data is faced upward
Angle is less than threshold value THRES_EL with the true elevation angle difference of the sun, that is, judge to meet condition;The optimal values of threshold value THRES_AZ are
3.0 °, the optimal values of threshold value THRES_EL are 1.0 °;The elevation angle of radial data can be carried out by antenna level inclination data simultaneously
Amendment.
The ratio of b, the effective storehouse Shuo Zhanzong storehouses number of reflectivity factor of calculating radial data, when ratio is more than threshold value THRES_
Z_BINS, that is, judge to meet condition;The optimal values of threshold value THRES_Z_BINS are 0.8;
The ratio of c, the effective storehouse Shuo Zhanzong storehouses number of Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured of calculating radial data, when ratio is more than threshold value
THRES_ZDR_BINS, that is, judge to meet condition;The optimal values of threshold value THRES_ZDR_BINS are 0.8;
The ratio of d, the effective storehouse Shuo Zhanzong storehouses number of radial velocity of calculating radial data, when ratio is less than threshold value THRES_V_
BINS, that is, judge to meet condition;The optimal values of threshold value THRES_V_BINS are 0.2;
E, the reflectivity factor average for calculating radial data, when average is less than threshold value THRES_Z_MEAN, that is, judge to meet
Condition;The optimal values of threshold value THRES_Z_MEAN are 10.0dB;
F, the reflectivity factor standard variance for calculating radial data, when standard variance is less than threshold value THRES_Z_STD, that is, sentence
It is disconnected to meet condition;The optimal values of threshold value THRES_Z_STD are 1.0dB.
When through step(2)When gained sample number is more than threshold value THRES_SAMPLE_NUM after judgement, then carry out the step
(3)Treatment.Wherein, the optimal values of threshold value THRES_SAMPLE_NUM are 50.
Step(3)Middle Quadratic Surface Fitting uses the paraboloidal method of fitted ellipse, X-axis to take sun true bearing angle and sample
This azimuthal difference, Y-axis takes the difference at the true elevation angle of the sun and the sample elevation angle, and Z axis sampling ZDR values originally are thrown by ellipse
Object plane equation, calculates the ZDR values on curved surface summit, as described ZDR deviations.
Present invention also offers a kind of dual-polarization weather radar ZDR on-line proving devices of use above method, including net
Network communication module, GPS module, master board, level inclination module and memory;Master board passes through network communication module and treats
The signal processor for demarcating dual-polarization weather radar is connected;Master board respectively with GPS module, level inclination module and memory
It is connected.
The present invention has advantages below compared to existing technology:The present invention effectively carries out real-time online demarcation, without artificial dry
In advance, it is automatically performed, it is not necessary to interrupt the normal observation of radar, weather echo can be simultaneously observed in calibration process, it is ensured that sees
Survey the continuity of data.The present invention is applied to all of dual-polarization weather radar, can improve dual polarization radar data precision, has
Wide application prospect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of online calibration method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of on-line proving device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the sun echo observed using dual-polarization weather radar in effect example;
Fig. 4 be effect example in be fitted the surface chart for obtaining.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Device embodiment
As shown in Fig. 2 dual-polarization weather radar ZDR on-line provings device of the present invention includes network communication module, main control
Plate, GPS module, level inclination module and memory.
1st, network communication module uses OAHE W5500 Ethernet chips, based on ICP/IP protocol(Communications protocol:Radial direction number
According to temporal frequency is high, data volume big, receive and use UDP multicast protocols, transfer rate is high, and real-time is good.Amendment deviation director data
Amount is small, using Transmission Control Protocol, good reliability), the signal processor communication with dual-polarization weather radar, real-time reception signal transacting
The radial data of machine output simultaneously sends master board to;The amendment deviation instruction that master board is generated is sent to signal transacting
Machine.
2nd, GPS module uses the GPS module of HOLUX M-87 superhigh precisions(GPS module positioning precision<=10 meters, output
Frequency>1HZ), with master control borad by RS-232 TTL port communications, communications protocol uses NMEA0183, for master board is provided
High-frequency gps time, latitude and longitude information.
3rd, level inclination module uses the intelligent LIS326 double-shaft tilt angle sensors module in Wuxi(Measurement range>10 degree, precision
<=0.1 degree, frequency response>100Hz), with master board by serial communication, communications protocol uses NMEA0183, is main control
Plate provides high-frequency antenna XY axles level inclination information.
4th, memory module uses Arduino Micro SD cards modules and SanDisk SDHC cards(Capacity >=32G, read-write speed
Degree >=10M/s), it is connected by SPI interface with master control borad, for storing automatic identification sun signal data out and its correspondence
The information such as gps time, antenna bearingt reading, antenna pitching reading, level inclination reading.
5th, master board:Master control borad uses the cores of ARM11 tetra-, 256 MB of memory to run linux system.Method core code is by C
++ language is realized, including sun angle calculating, radial data treatment, sun signal identification, Quadratic Surface Fitting, binary channels deviation
Analysis etc..Under master board coordination, real-time reception radial data, On-line testing sun echo analyzes ZDR deviations to 5 modules,
Send amendment deviation to instruct to radar, coordinate and complete whole real-time online calibration process.
Embodiment of the method
The specific method of dual-polarization weather radar ZDR on-line provings of the present invention is as follows:
1)The radial data that signal processor is exported is received by network communication module network.
Radial data refers to one data of observed direction of radar, including on azimuth, the elevation angle, time and each range bin
Reflectivity factor(Z), radial velocity(V), spectrum width(SW), Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured(ZDR), coefficient correlation(CC)Etc..It is double
The signal processor of polarization weather radar main flow supports real-time network transmission.
2)Automatic identification sun echo-signal
2.1)Using antenna level inclination data, the platform deviation of radial data is corrected.
In general radar antenna install adjustment after be all level, but some horizontal adjustment errors, radar high tower from
So swing or movable radar support feet is unreal, all there may be inclination deviation.These deviations are by after level inclination data correction
On-line proving result can be made more accurate.
2.2)Sun echo-signal is recognized using method for feature analysis.
The sun echo of dual polarization radar observation has space, form, physical quantity distribution characteristics.Spatially, the sun is returned
The angle that ripple occurs is close with true sun angle.In theory if antenna is pointed to precisely, two angles are strict conformances
's.But actually there is slight error because antenna is pointed to, so two angles are very close.In echo form, too
Positive echo is concentrated in some or several adjacent radials, and reflectivity factor and Different reflectivity factor Z_DR are full of whole radial direction
All range bins, and different distance storehouse Z(Ignore distance to correct)Or ZDR numerical value is quite, rise and fall little.In physical quantity,
Sun echo only exists in Z and ZDR.Sun electromagnetic wave phase change at random, so the physical quantity relevant with phase, such as radially
Speed, spectrum width, coefficient correlation etc., are null value or invalid data at sun echo.Based on These characteristics, 6 sun are devised
Echo character recognizes condition, if a certain radial data meets all conditions, then it is assumed that be sun echo-signal, be not otherwise.
Specific method is as follows:
a)Angle judges
Judge current radial data angle whether near true sun angle.GPS module obtains accurately time and warp
After latitude, the sun true bearing angle and the elevation angle in current time place are calculated using astronomical algorithm.If current radial data
Azimuth is less than threshold value THRES_AZ with sun true bearing angular difference value(Default value is 3.0 degree), and current radial data
The elevation angle is less than threshold value THRES_EL with the true elevation angle difference of the sun(Default value is 1.0 degree), then condition is met;Otherwise it is unsatisfactory for.
This condition can reduce the interference of most of electromagnetism clutter and Stratiform Cloud Precipitation echo, improve the accurate of sun reflection pickup
Rate.
b)Reflectivity factor(Z)Effective storehouse number judges
The ratio shared by the effective storehouse number of reflectivity factor of current radial data is calculated, judges whether to meet threshold value.Radially
The data of upper each range bin are by virtual value or null value(Invalid value)Filling, virtual value is echo values in the reasonable scope;
Null value(Invalid value)It is special mark value(Such as -32768), represent the range bin without echo-signal.Count having for current radial direction Z
The ratio of storehouse Shuo Zhanzong storehouses number is imitated, if ratio is more than threshold value THRES_Z_BINS(It is defaulted as 0.8), then condition is met, otherwise
It is unsatisfactory for.
c)Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured(ZDR)Effective storehouse number judges
With condition(2)It is similar, calculate the ratio shared by the current effective storehouse numbers of radial direction ZDR.If greater than threshold value THRES_
ZDR_BINS(It is defaulted as 0.8), then meet condition, otherwise it is unsatisfactory for.
d)Radial velocity(V)Effective storehouse number judges
Ratio in the current radial direction of calculating shared by the effective storehouse number of radial velocity.If less than threshold value THRES_V_BINS(It is silent
Think 0.2), then meet condition, otherwise it is unsatisfactory for.Because the corresponding radial velocity of sun echo is null value, if so one
Radial data is sun echo, then null value is necessarily in the great majority in radial velocity.
e)The average reflectance factor(Z)Judge
With precipitation signal ratio, sun signal is weaker, reflectivity factor value very little.Calculate current radial direction reflectivity
Factor average.If average is less than threshold value THRES_Z_MEAN(It is defaulted as 10.0 dB), then meet condition, otherwise it is unsatisfactory for.
f)Reflectivity factor(Z)Standard variance judges
Ignore after distance corrects, the Z values of sun echo are diametrically, than more uniform, to be varied less between storehouse, so mark
Quasi- variance is little.Calculate current radial direction reflectivity factor standard variance.If standard variance is less than threshold value THRES_Z_STD(It is silent
Think 1.0 dB), then meet condition, otherwise it is unsatisfactory for.
If a radial data meets above-mentioned 6 conditions, it is judged as sun signal, the azimuth of radial direction and will faces upward
Angle, gps time and longitude and latitude, the azimuth of the sun and the elevation angle, reflectivity factor average and variance, Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured average
Recorded with variance, form a sample.
3)Quadratic Surface Fitting calculates ZDR deviations
If sample number is more than threshold value THRES_SAMPLE_NUM(It is defaulted as 50), then it is assumed that sample number enough, starts meter
Calculate ZDR deviations.Different from conventional offline method, this method extract sun signal be in antenna main beam width range,
Beam center may not accurately point to the sun.In theory, if antenna main beam horizontal width is completely the same with vertical width, i.e. water
Flat vertical antenna gain is identical, then in any position of main beam, the ZDR of sun signal is 0, like this directly uses institute
The ZDR average values for having sample are exactly ZDR deviations.But actually limited by antenna processing technology, it is impossible to reach antenna level and hang down
It is straight completely the same, therefore deviation can not be calculated with sample ZDR averages.When antenna horizontal vertical is inconsistent, existed according to ZDR values
In main beam the characteristics of distribution, closer to main beam center, ZDR values are smaller, and further away from main beam center, ZDR values are bigger, and
The feature of Gaussian Profile is presented.Thus, using the paraboloidal method of fitted ellipse, X-axis takes solar azimuth and radial orientation angle
Difference;Y-axis takes the difference of sun elevation angle and the radial direction elevation angle;Z axis take the ZDR values of the sun.By paraboloid equation, calculate
The ZDR values on curved surface summit, are exactly ZDR deviations.X and Y value by apex are exactly the orientation and elevation angle error of antenna.
Each threshold value can be adjusted according to specific dual-polarization weather radar parameter above, as shown in the table.
The method threshold list of table 1 and optimal realization explanation effect example
In order to check the validity of the inventive method, using Nanjing Information engineering Univ's C-band dual-polarization Doppler weather
Radar(NUIST-CDP)Data have carried out comparison test, the sun echo observed under normal weather pattern as shown in figure 3,
Left in figure is reflectivity factor, and the right side is the differential transmission rate factor).Will>50 sun echo samples drafting patterns 4 of On-line testing
Shown, three coordinates are respectively dEL and represent sun elevation angle and radial data elevation difference in figure;DAZ is expression sun elevation angle and footpath
To the data angle of cut;ZDR is the Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured value of sun signal.By after Quadratic Surface Fitting, obtaining radar ZDR
Deviation is 0.066dB.The deviation that off-line calibration is obtained is 0.05dB.Using off-line calibration result as true value, then on-line proving
Higher 0.016dB, the required precision much smaller than 0.1dB, therefore on-line proving result are same with off-line calibration result effective.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of dual-polarization weather radar ZDR online calibration methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1)Receive the radial data of the signal processor output of dual-polarization weather radar;
(2)Identification step(1)Sun echo-signal in the radial data of reception;
(3)By step(2)The sun echo-signal of middle identification carries out Quadratic Surface Fitting, calculates ZDR deviations, carries out ZDR demarcation;
The step(2)The recognition methods of middle sun echo-signal is as follows:
A, the angle of radial data judge;
B, the effective storehouse number proportion of reflectivity factor of radial data judge;
C, the effective storehouse number proportion of Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured of radial data judge;
D, the effective storehouse number of radial velocity of radial data judge;
E, the reflectivity factor average of radial data judge;
F, the reflectivity factor standard variance of radial data judge;
G, when the radial data for receiving judges to be satisfied by condition through a to f, then be judged as sun echo-signal, form a sample.
2. ZDR online calibration methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step(3)Middle Quadratic Surface Fitting
Using the paraboloidal method of fitted ellipse, X-axis takes the difference at sun true bearing angle and sample azimuth, and it is true that Y-axis takes the sun
The elevation angle and the difference at the sample elevation angle, Z axis sampling ZDR values originally, by paraboloid equation, calculate the ZDR values on curved surface summit,
As described ZDR deviations.
3. ZDR online calibration methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that when through step(2)Gained sample after judgement
When number is more than threshold value THRES_SAMPLE_NUM, the step is carried out(3)Quadratic Surface Fitting.
4. ZDR online calibration methods according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the threshold value THRES_SAMPLE_NUM
It is 50.
5. ZDR online calibration methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that angles of the step a to radial data
It is judged as:The azimuth of radial data and sun true bearing angular difference value are less than threshold value THRES_AZ, and radial data the elevation angle
Threshold value THRES_EL is less than with the true elevation angle difference of the sun, that is, judges to meet condition;Reflectivity of the step b to radial data
The effective storehouse number proportion of the factor is judged as:The ratio of the effective storehouse Shuo Zhanzong storehouses number of reflectivity factor of radial data is calculated, when
Ratio is more than threshold value THRES_Z_BINS, that is, judge to meet condition;The step c has to the Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured of radial data
Effect storehouse number proportion is judged as:Calculate radial data the effective storehouse Shuo Zhanzong storehouses number of Analysis of Differential Reflectivity Factor Measured ratio, when than
Value is more than threshold value THRES_ZDR_BINS, that is, judge to meet condition;Radial velocity effective storehouse numbers of the step d to radial data
It is judged as:The ratio of the effective storehouse Shuo Zhanzong storehouses number of radial velocity of radial data is calculated, when ratio is less than threshold value THRES_V_
BINS, that is, judge to meet condition;The step e is judged as to the reflectivity factor average of radial data:Calculate radial data
Reflectivity factor average, when average is less than threshold value THRES_Z_MEAN, that is, judges to meet condition;The step f is to radial data
Reflectivity factor standard variance be judged as:The reflectivity factor standard variance of radial data is calculated, when standard variance is less than threshold
Value THRES_Z_STD, that is, judge to meet condition.
6. ZDR online calibration methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the threshold value THRES_AZ is 3.0 °, threshold
Value THRES_EL is 1.0 °, and threshold value THRES_Z_BINS is 0.8, and threshold value THRES_ZDR_BINS is 0.8, threshold value THRES_V_
BINS is 0.2, and threshold value THRES_Z_MEAN is 10.0dB, and threshold value THRES_Z_STD is 1.0dB.
7. ZDR online calibration methods according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the elevation angle of radial data in the step a
It is modified by antenna level inclination data.
8. the device of any ZDR online calibration methods of a kind of use claim 1 to 7, it is characterised in that logical including network
News module, GPS module, master board, level inclination module and memory;The master board passes through network communication module and treats
The signal processor for demarcating dual-polarization weather radar is connected;The master board respectively with GPS module, level inclination module and deposit
Reservoir is connected.
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CN109521406A (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2019-03-26 | 北京敏视达雷达有限公司 | A kind of reflectance difference rate ZDR scaling method and device |
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