CN105130500A - Deformation control method in rigid heat-insulating tile coating forming process - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a deformation control method in a rigid heat-insulating tile coating forming process, belongs to the technical field of a porous ceramic heat-insulating material, and can be used for preparing a heat shielding material of an aircraft such as a space shuttle and the like. The method comprises: applying coating slurry to the surface of a rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic base body which is initially processed to a certain thickness and shape; after drying, putting the coated base body material at a high temperature to be sintered for thermal treatment; after sintering for thermal treatment, taking out the base body material from the high-temperature environment and cooling the base body material to room temperature; and finally carrying out secondary processing to reduce the base body material to the finally required thickness. Compared to a conventional method which directly processes the base body material to the finally required thickness and then carries out coating forming, deformation of the rigid heat-insulating tile in the coating forming process can be effectively controlled.

Description

A deformation control method during the forming process of rigid thermal insulation tile coating

technical field

The invention relates to a deformation control method during the forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile coating, belongs to the technical field of porous ceramic heat-insulating materials, and can be used in the preparation of heat-protecting materials for aircraft such as space shuttles.

Background technique

Spacecraft will experience severe aerodynamic heating when passing through the atmosphere or flying in the atmosphere, and its surface temperature will rise sharply. Therefore, it is necessary to rely on thermal protection materials to block the transfer of heat to the interior, so as to ensure that the internal personnel and equipment are at a safe and reasonable temperature. within range. For example, the success of the development of the space shuttle is largely due to advanced and reliable thermal protection materials such as carbon/carbon, rigid insulation tiles, and flexible insulation blankets. Among them, the rigid heat insulation tile is an important thermal protection material applied to the windward side of the space shuttle and other parts. In terms of its structural composition, it is mainly composed of a high-porosity ceramic matrix material and a high-radiation coating on its surface. When in service, the rigid thermal insulation tile relies on the high-radiation coating on its surface to radiate more than 90% of the heat, and at the same time prevents the rest of the heat from being transmitted to the inside by virtue of the excellent thermal insulation performance of the base material. In addition, the coating also has other functions such as waterproof and anti-draft. Therefore, high emissivity coatings are essential for rigid insulation tiles.

Since rigid insulation tiles are mainly used in aerospace and other military fields, their technical information has a certain degree of confidentiality. Judging from the published data at present, foreign literature reports about the coating of rigid heat-insulating tiles are mainly concentrated in the published patents and technical reports of the United States. For example, the coating described in US Patent No. 3,953,646 "Two—component ceramic coating for silica insulation" published in 1976 consists of a barrier layer and a radiation layer. Among them, the barrier layer is between the base material and the radiation layer, preventing the reaction between the base material and the radiation layer, adjusting the thermal matching between the coating and the base, and controlling the amount of the radiation coating. It is made of molten glass at 927-1371°C The radiation layer has both radiation and moisture-proof functions. It is made of radiation agent, high silica glass and borosilicate glass (B ₂ O ₃ ·SiO ₂ ) and is also sintered at 927-1371°C. Similarly, in another patent US3955034 "Three—componentceramiccoatingforsilicainsulation" published in 1976, the coating is composed of a barrier layer, a radiation layer and a glaze layer. The difference is that the radiation layer does not contain borosilicate glass, while the glaze layer is It is sintered from high silica glass and borosilicate glass. Different from the above two patents, the coating described in the patent US4093771 "Reactioncuredglassandglasscoatng" published in 1978 is only one layer, which is made of glass frit, intermetallic or metal compound (such as silicon tetraboride, silicon hexaboride, boron Silicide, boron) and so on are sintered at 1000-1400°C to form a multi-phase glass, thereby avoiding the excessive shrinkage and deformation of the base material caused by layered and multiple sintering, and the stability of the coating is improved. . Among them, the glass frit is made of borosilicate glass with high boron oxide and silicon content, and glass flux can also be added to reduce the sintering temperature or adjust the expansion coefficient. In contrast, the coating described in the patent US4381333 "Hightemperatureglassthermalcontrolstructureandcoating" published in 1983, in addition to using the above-mentioned coating as the radiation layer, added a scattering layer with a lower thermal expansion coefficient than the radiation layer on its surface. It is prepared from glass frit with high stability (such as molten glass, borosilicate glass with high silicon content). The coating composition described in the patent US5079082 "Tougheneduni-piecefibrousinsulation" published in 1992 is basically the same as that of US4093771, only the molybdenum disilicide radiation agent is added, and the coating is immersed in part of the matrix material, so that the bonding force with the matrix Enhanced, its waterproof and thermal shock resistance have been further improved. Since the above-mentioned coatings all use silicon oxide as the main component, the maximum service temperature is limited between 1482-1538°C. In order to solve the above problems, the patents US20010051218A1, US6444271B2 and US6749942B1 "Durablerefractoryceramiccoating" published in 2001, 2002 and 2004 used silicon and refractory metals (molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, vanadium, chromium, tungsten) with a melting point above 1650°C as the main The coating components are sintered at a high temperature of 982-1427°C to obtain a silicide coating, and similar to US5079082, the coating is also immersed in part of the base material, and the melting point and softening point of the coating reach 1949°C and 1593°C respectively. —1649°C. The coating components described in the patent US7767305B1 "Highefficiencytantalum—based ceramic composite structures" published in 2010 are mainly tantalum disilicide, borosilicate glass, and molybdenum disilicide can also be added. up to 1650°C.

There are relatively few domestic literatures on the coating of rigid heat-insulating tiles. Chinese patent CN101691138B "Preparation method of heat-insulating tiles for space shuttle" only briefly mentions the components and forming process of the coating of rigid heat-insulating tiles. In his dissertation "Preparation and Performance Optimization of High Emissive Coatings on Thermal Insulation Tile Surfaces", Guo Jinhua conducted meaningful exploration and research on thermal insulation tile coatings, but his work mainly focused on the proportion of coating components and forming In terms of technology and other aspects, the main focus is on the emissivity and thermal shock resistance of the coating. The scientific paper "Preparation and Performance Research of SiO ₂ —B ₂ O ₃ —MoSi ₂ —SiB ₄ Coating on the Surface of Ceramic Heat Insulation Tile" published by Wu Yongbin et al. characterization.

Looking at the above public information, it can be seen that the coating forming process of rigid thermal insulation tiles is similar. Placed in a high temperature furnace and subjected to high temperature sintering heat treatment to obtain rigid heat insulating tiles. It is worth noting that the sintering temperature in the preparation process of rigid heat insulation tile coating is generally above 1000°C. For example, patents US3953646 and US3955034 specify that the sintering temperature of the coating is 927-1371°C, and patent US4093771 stipulates that the sintering temperature is 1000-1400°C. ℃, the sintering temperature of the patent US20010051218A1, US6444271B2 and US6749942B1 coatings is 982-1427 ℃, and the sintering temperature of the patent US7767305B1 is between 1220-1315 ℃.

Generally speaking, rigid thermal insulation tiles will shrink and deform during the high-temperature sintering process of the coating, especially for ceramic matrix materials with large sizes and small thicknesses. For example, the patent US4093771 mentioned in its background technology that the high temperature sintering above 1260 °C used in the previous coating technology will cause deformation of the base material, but in the technology described by it, the sintering temperature is lowered by adding glass flux, and The deformation and shrinkage of the matrix are improved in one-time sintering molding, but the specific size and deformation of the sample are not given. In addition, in the published patents and documents, there is no specific mention of the deformation of the rigid heat insulating tile during the coating forming process, let alone the deformation control method of the rigid heat insulating tile during the coating forming process. However, since the deformed rigid insulation tile will have a great adverse effect in the subsequent assembly process and service process, it is necessary to develop an effective control method for its deformation.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a deformation control method during the forming process of the coating of the rigid heat-insulating tile. Compared with the conventional method of coating forming, after adopting this method, the deformation of the rigid heat insulation tile during the coating forming process can be effectively controlled.

The technical solution of the present invention is: a deformation control method during the forming process of a coating of a rigid heat insulating tile, wherein the rigid heat insulating tile is a cuboid or a parallelepiped, comprising the following steps:

(1) Preliminarily process the blank of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat insulating tile to make it look like a cuboid or a parallelepiped. The thickness is not less than 20mm, and the thickness after preliminary processing is at least 5mm larger than the final required thickness;

(2) Select one of the two surfaces with the largest area of the rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic matrix material after preliminary processing to coat the configured coating slurry and dry it;

(3) Place the base material coated with the coating in step (2) at a high temperature for sintering heat treatment, and after the sintering heat treatment is completed, take it out from the high temperature environment and cool it to room temperature;

(4) Perform secondary processing on the surface of the two largest surfaces of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat insulation tile that is not coated with coating slurry, and thin the rigid heat insulation tile to the final required thickness to achieve rigid heat insulation Deformation control during tile coating forming.

In the step (2), if the coating is applied to surfaces other than the two surfaces with the largest areas, the coating size ratio in the thickness direction is 0-4/5 of the final required thickness.

The ceramic base material of the rigid heat-insulating tile is prepared from one or more of quartz fibers, mullite fibers, alumina fibers, aluminum silicate borate fibers, and zirconia fibers. The rigid heat-insulating tile The density of the ceramic matrix material is between 0.15-1.00g/cm ³ .

The implementation of the sintering heat treatment in the step (3) is: heat the surface of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat-insulating tile coated with the coating with the largest area at the furnace door of the high-temperature furnace or heat the rigidity of the coated coating. The ceramic base material of the heat-insulating tile is placed in a high-temperature furnace for overall heating.

The temperature of the sintering heat treatment in the step (3) is between 800-1400° C., and the sintering heat treatment time is not less than 5 minutes.

In the step (2), the coating slurry is applied by spraying, brushing or spin coating, and the drying method after coating is natural drying or drying in an oven, the drying temperature is room temperature - 150 ° C, and the drying The areal density of the post-coating slurry is 0.01-0.25 g/cm ² .

The coating slurry includes a solid component and a diluent, and the mass ratio of the solid component to the diluent is 1:8-8:1; wherein the solid component includes borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer The diluent is deionized water or absolute ethanol or a mixture of deionized water and absolute ethanol.

The mass parts of borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer in the solid component are: borosilicate glass powder: 10-90; radiation agent: 0.5-20; sintering aid: 0-50; Stabilizer: 0-10, and the particle size of borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer is not less than 400 mesh.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) In the present invention, the ceramic base material of the rigid heat insulating tile with a larger thickness is used for coating molding, and then the secondary processing is performed to reduce the thickness to the final required thickness. The thermal stress resistance in the sample is strong, so the deformation of the sample can be initially controlled to a small degree, and the deformation of the sample after the secondary processing is also controlled. Compared with the conventional method of directly processing the ceramic matrix material to the final desired thickness for coating forming, the deformation during coating forming can be effectively controlled.

(2) In the present invention, the side with the largest area of the coated rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic base material is heated on one side at the furnace door of the high-temperature furnace, so that the thermal stress of the rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic base material in the coating sintering process Reduced, so that the deformation can be further reduced compared with the overall sintering heat treatment.

(3) The present invention controls the length and width of the blank of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat-insulating tile between 100-500mm after preliminary processing, which can control its deformation to a small degree to meet the requirements for assembly and the like, and can It meets the size requirements for rigid insulation tiles in general.

(4) If the present invention applies a coating to surfaces other than the two surfaces with the largest areas of the rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic base material, its coating size ratio in the thickness direction is limited to 0-4/5 of the final required thickness , can effectively avoid the damage and destruction of the formed coating by secondary processing, and ensure the quality of the rigid heat insulating tile after forming while controlling the deformation of the rigid heat insulating tile.

(5) The density of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat-insulating tile of the present invention is between 0.15-1.00g/cm ³ , the effect of deformation control is obvious, and at the same time, the coating will not be cracked, and the deformation of the rigid heat-insulating tile is controlled while ensuring Improve the quality of the rigid insulation tile after molding.

(6) In the present invention, the surface density of the coating slurry after drying is 0.01-0.25g/cm ² by controlling the composition of the coating slurry and the number of times of coating, which is beneficial to the deformation of the rigid heat insulation tile Control it to a reasonable level, and at the same time, it will not cause the coating thickness to be too small to meet the performance requirements or the coating thickness to be too large to cause cracking.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rigid thermal insulation tile after being coated with a coating, wherein, 1 is the upper surface coating, and 2 is the side coating;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the single-sided heating and sintering process of the rigid heat-insulating tile, wherein, 3 is a high-temperature furnace, and 4 is a rigid heat-insulating tile;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the overall heating and sintering process of the rigid heat insulating tile, wherein, 3 is a high temperature furnace, and 4 is a rigid heat insulating tile;

Fig. 5 is the deformation schematic diagram of rigid heat insulation tile;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the deformation of the rigid insulation tile.

Detailed ways

The present invention proposes a deformation control method during the forming process of the rigid heat-insulating tile coating, as shown in Figure 1, the specific steps are as follows:

1. Rough processing of ceramic base materials for rigid insulation tiles

Use a milling machine or a grinding machine to preliminarily process the blank of the ceramic base material of the rigid insulation tile into a regular cuboid or parallelepiped, with a length and width between 100-500mm and a thickness of not less than 20mm. The thickness of the ceramic matrix material blank of the rigid heat-insulating tile after preliminary processing is at least 5mm larger than the final required thickness. Rigid heat insulation tile matrix material is a rigid heat insulation material prepared from one or more fibers of quartz fiber, mullite fiber, alumina fiber, aluminum silicate borate fiber, and zirconia fiber as the main raw material. The density of the ceramic base material of the rigid thermal insulation tile is between 0.15-1.00g/cm ³ . This density allows significant deformation control without cracking the coating.

2. Coating slurry coating and drying

Apply the prepared coating slurry on the surface of the ceramic substrate of the rigid thermal insulation tile by spraying, brushing or spin coating, and then dry naturally or in an oven. The number of times of application is 1 time or more. The coating slurry includes a solid component and a diluent, the mass ratio of the solid component to the diluent is 1:8-8:1, and the solid component includes borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer, The diluent is deionized water or absolute ethanol or a mixture of deionized water and absolute ethanol.

The coating slurry configuration method is: use mechanical stirring or ball milling to mix borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid, stabilizer and thinner, and the mixing time is not less than 30 minutes. The mass parts of borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer are: borosilicate glass powder: 10-90; radiation agent: 0.5-20; sintering aid: 0-50; stabilizer: 0-50 10. And the particle size of borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer is not less than 400 mesh. Borosilicate glass powder is composed of silicon oxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide and impurities. The mass percentage is: silicon oxide 65-97%, boron oxide 2-30%, aluminum oxide 1-5%, and the rest are impurities. The radiation agent is molybdenum disilicide, silicon carbide, chromium oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel-chromium spinel, silicon nitride, silicon tetraboride, silicon hexaboride, tantalum disilicide, zirconium boride, iron, chromium , Cobalt sinter or a mixture of several. The sintering aid is one or a mixture of boron carbide, boron nitride, boron oxide, silicon tetraboride, and silicon hexaboride. The stabilizer is clay or methyl cellulose or a mixture of both.

The surface of the rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic base material coated with the coating is between 1 and 5. It is assumed that the upper and lower surfaces of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat-insulating tile are the surfaces with the largest area, and the side surfaces are the surfaces with relatively small areas. As shown in Figure 2, at least one surface of the surface coated with the ceramic matrix material of the rigid heat insulation tile is the surface with the largest area (such as the upper surface), and the rest are the sides. When the coating is applied on the side of the ceramic base material of the rigid thermal insulation tile, the coating size ratio in the thickness direction is between 0-4/5 of the final required thickness. Among them, 1 in Fig. 2 is the upper surface coating, and 2 is the side coating.

The drying temperature of the coating slurry for rigid heat insulation tiles is room temperature - 150°C. The drying time is not less than 30min. The density of the rigid thermal insulation tile coating slurry after drying is 0.01-0.25g/cm ² .

3. Coating sintering heat treatment

Place the upper surface of the dried coated rigid insulation tile facing the furnace door of the high-temperature sintering furnace (as shown in Figure 3) or put it into the high-temperature furnace as a whole (as shown in Figure 4) for high-temperature sintering for a certain period of time Heat treatment, then take out and cool to room temperature naturally. The temperature of high temperature sintering heat treatment is between 800-1400°C. The high temperature sintering heat treatment time is not less than 5min.

4. Rigid insulation tile processing with formed coating

The uncoated surface of the formed coated rigid thermal insulation tile with the largest area (or the lower surface if the coating is applied on the upper surface) is thinned to the final required thickness by milling or grinding.

The present invention also proposes a method for measuring the deformation of rigid heat-insulating tiles. As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the vernier calipers 1 and 2 are used to test EG (length and width direction 1), FH (length and width direction 2), AC ( The amount of deformation in the diagonal direction 1) and the BD (diagonal direction 2) direction (see Figure 5). Among them, E, F, G, H are the center points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively, and O is the center point of the coating surface of the rigid heat insulation tile. Taking the deformation measurement in the EG direction as an example (see Figure 6), place the vernier caliper 1 on the coating surface of the rigid heat-insulating tile, and use the vernier caliper 2 to measure the distances h _EE ', h _OO from the upper end of the vernier caliper 1 at E, O and G respectively ' and h _GG ', then the maximum deformation in the length and width direction 1 (hereinafter referred to as "deformation") is h _OO '-(h _EE '+h _GG ')/2. The FH direction, AC direction, and BD direction are measured in the same way as the EG direction, and the maximum deformation in the length and width direction 2, the diagonal direction 1, and the diagonal direction 2 are respectively obtained. The average maximum deformation in the length-width direction and diagonal direction (hereinafter referred to as "average deformation") is the average value of the deformation in directions 1 and 2. The measurement accuracy of vernier calipers 1 and 2 are both 0.02mm.

The measurement method of the present invention quantitatively characterizes the deformation of the product.

Example 1:

The thickness of the sample is required to be 10mm, and the high-temperature sintering heat treatment adopts the overall sintering heat treatment method.

The ceramic base material of the rigid thermal insulation tile is prepared from a mixed fiber of 80% oxidized fiber and 20% mullite fiber, with a density of 0.33g/cm ³ , and it is preliminarily processed into a sample of 200×200×20mm, coated The mass ratio of each component in the slurry is: borosilicate glass powder: boron oxide: tantalum disilicide: clay: water = 60:30:8:2:500, mixed with a ball mill for 3 hours, and coated on the base material after coating The upper surface (the upper and lower surface area is the largest) and the side, and the side is coated with 6mm, the surface density of the coating obtained after spraying and drying is 0.025g/cm ² , and the overall sintering heat treatment is carried out in a high-temperature furnace at 1150°C for 15min, and cooled to room temperature Finally, use a milling machine to process the formed coated rigid insulation tile to a thickness of 10mm. Make six products according to the above-mentioned method, utilize deformation measurement method of the present invention, get six products and carry out deformation measurement, and calculate the average value of the average deformation of six product length and width directions and diagonal direction, respectively 188 μm and 343 μm. In contrast, when the base material is directly processed to the final required thickness and then coated, the average deformation of the six products in the length and width direction and the diagonal direction is 360 μm and 623 μm, respectively.

Example 2:

The thickness of the sample is required to be 15mm, and the high-temperature sintering heat treatment adopts the overall sintering heat treatment method.

The ceramic base material of the rigid thermal insulation tile is prepared from a mixed fiber of 80% oxidized fiber and 20% mullite fiber, with a density of 0.33g/cm ³ , processed into a sample of 200×200×20mm, coated with slurry The mass ratio of each component in the material is: borosilicate glass powder: boron oxide: tantalum disilicide: clay: water = 60:30:8:2:500, mixed with a ball mill for 3 hours, and coated on the base material The upper surface (the upper and lower surface area is the largest) and the side, and the side is coated with 10mm, the surface density of the coating obtained after spraying and drying is 0.025g/cm ² , and the overall sintering heat treatment is carried out in a high-temperature furnace at 1150°C for 15min, and cooled to room temperature Finally, it is finally machined to a thickness of 15mm using a milling machine. Make six products according to the above-mentioned method, utilize deformation measurement method of the present invention, get six products and carry out deformation measurement, and calculate the average value of the average deformation of six product length and width directions and diagonal direction, respectively 178 μm and 256 μm. In contrast, when the base material is directly processed to the final required thickness and then coated, the average deformation of the six products in the length and width direction and the diagonal direction is 197 μm and 338 μm, respectively.

Example 3:

The thickness of the sample is required to be 10mm, and the high-temperature sintering heat treatment adopts a single-side heat treatment method.

The ceramic base material of the rigid thermal insulation tile is prepared from a mixed fiber of 80% oxidized fiber and 20% mullite fiber, with a density of 0.33g/cm ³ , processed into a sample of 200×200×20mm, coated with slurry The mass ratio of each component in the material is: borosilicate glass powder: boron oxide: tantalum disilicide: clay: water = 60:30:8:2:500, mixed with a ball mill for 3 hours, and coated on the base material The upper surface (the upper and lower surface area is the largest) and the side, and the side is coated with 6mm. After spraying and drying, the surface density of the coating obtained is 0.025g/cm ² . After room temperature, use a milling machine for final processing to a thickness of 10mm. Make six products according to the above-mentioned method, utilize deformation measurement method of the present invention, get six products and carry out deformation measurement, and calculate the average value of the average deformation of six product length and width directions and diagonal direction, respectively 157 μm and 303 μm. In contrast, the base material is directly processed to the final required thickness and then integrally sintered and heat-treated to form the coating. The average deformations of the six products in the length, width and diagonal directions are 360 μm and 623 μm, respectively.

It can be seen from the above examples that, with the method of the present invention, compared with the conventional method of directly processing the ceramic base material to the final desired thickness for coating forming, the deformation during coating forming can be effectively controlled. And it can be seen from the comparison of Examples 1 and 3 that the single-side heating can further reduce the deformation compared with the overall sintering heat treatment.

Parts not described in detail in the present invention belong to the common knowledge of those skilled in the art.

Claims (8)

1. A deformation control method in the coating forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile, wherein the rigid heat-insulating tile is a cuboid or a parallelepiped, and is characterized in that it comprises the steps: (1) Preliminarily process the blank of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat insulating tile to make it look like a cuboid or a parallelepiped. The thickness is not less than 20mm, and the thickness after preliminary processing is at least 5mm larger than the final required thickness; (2) Select one of the two surfaces with the largest area of the rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic matrix material after preliminary processing to coat the configured coating slurry and dry it; (3) Place the base material coated with the coating in step (2) at a high temperature for sintering heat treatment, and after the sintering heat treatment is completed, take it out from the high temperature environment and cool it to room temperature; (4) Perform secondary processing on the surface of the two largest surfaces of the ceramic base material of the rigid heat insulation tile that is not coated with coating slurry, and thin the rigid heat insulation tile to the final required thickness to achieve rigid heat insulation Deformation control during tile coating forming. 2. A deformation control method during the forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), if the surface other than the two surfaces with the largest area is coated with coating, the coating size ratio in the thickness direction is 0-4/5 of the final required thickness. 3. The deformation control method during the forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: said rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic base material is made of quartz fiber, mullite fiber, alumina One or more of fibers, aluminum borate fibers, and zirconia fibers are prepared as raw materials, and the density of the rigid heat-insulating tile ceramic matrix material is between 0.15 and 1.00 g/cm ³ . 4. A deformation control method during the forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the implementation of sintering heat treatment in the step (3) is: apply the coating The surface of the rigid heat insulating tile ceramic base material with the largest area is heated on one side at the furnace door of the high temperature furnace or the coated rigid heat insulating tile ceramic base material is placed in the high temperature furnace for overall heating. 5. A deformation control method during the forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the sintering heat treatment in the step (3) is between 800-1400°C, and the sintering The heat treatment time is not less than 5min. 6. A deformation control method during the coating forming process of rigid heat-insulating tiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the coating slurry is applied by spraying or brushing Or spin coating, the drying method after coating is natural drying or drying in an oven, the drying temperature is room temperature-150°C, and the surface density of the coating slurry after drying is 0.01-0.25g/cm ² . 7. The deformation control method during the forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile coating according to claim 6, characterized in that: the coating slurry comprises solid components and diluents, and the mixture of solid components and diluents The mass ratio is 1:8—8:1; the solid components include borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer, and the diluent is deionized water or absolute ethanol or deionized water and absolute ethanol mixture. 8. The deformation control method during the forming process of a rigid heat-insulating tile coating according to claim 7, characterized in that: the proportion of borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer in the solid component The mass parts are: borosilicate glass powder: 10-90; radiation agent: 0.5-20; sintering aid: 0-50; stabilizer: 0-10, and borosilicate glass powder, radiation agent, sintering aid and stabilizer The particle size of the agent is not less than 400 mesh.