CN105127441B - A kind of preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion Download PDF

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CN105127441B
CN105127441B CN201510504507.5A CN201510504507A CN105127441B CN 105127441 B CN105127441 B CN 105127441B CN 201510504507 A CN201510504507 A CN 201510504507A CN 105127441 B CN105127441 B CN 105127441B
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platinum
solution
precursor solution
nano microcrystalline
preparation
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CN105127441A (en
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刘鸾
胡劲
王玉天
王开军
张维均
段云彪
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, belong to field of nanometer technology.It is of the present invention to add any dispersant, adjust the pH value of platinum precursor solution, toward addition platinum precursor solution in reactor under the conditions of stationary temperature, disposably add reducing agent rapidly again, the color change situation of reaction solution can be observed in certain time, brown is become by transparent yellowish-brown, then becomes opaque black.Supernatant is discarded under the action of the centrifugal, is then continuously washed, centrifuged with deionized water, and circulation is at least three times.The product of collection is scattered in deionized water with being ultrasonically treated, and obtains platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion.The preparation method technique simple general-purpose, easy to operate, the reaction time is short and cost is cheap, and yield is up to more than 95%, saves raw material, and whole preparation process is green, non-toxic substance and any pollution problem is not present.

Description

A kind of preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of nanometer technology, more particularly to a kind of preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion.
Background technology
The size of platinum nano microcrystalline about can be used as " seed " nucleus, prepare a wide range of grain in 3 ~ 5nm or so, nano microcrystalline The monodispersed metal nanoparticle with phase or multiphase in footpath;Platinum nano microcrystalline is different from block because quantum size effect has New electricity, optics, magnetics and the chemical property of material and single atom or molecule, optics, electronics, magnetics device can be prepared Part, applied to photoelectron material, single electron tunnel, VHD magnetic storage material, tunnel magneto device, magnetic fluid material, have The fields such as the effective catalyst in the synthetic reactions such as catalysis, nanotube or the nano wire of machine reaction.
The synthetic method of metal nano material generally includes two kinds:Method from top to bottom(Nano material is prepared by block materials) Method from the bottom to top(Nano material is grown to by the precursor liquid of molecule or atom).From top to bottom method includes sputtering method, metal steam The technologies such as hair method, ultraviolet, electron/ion beams and X-ray lithography erosion, but the particle size uniformity of product is poor, and instrument and equipment is expensive, throws Money is high, requires high to the technical quality of staff.And relatively flexible method from the bottom to top refers to mainly based on liquid phase method In homogeneous phase solution containing soluble-salt, trigger chemistry anti-using the various approach such as reducing agent, heat resolve, phonochemistry method are added Should, grown by homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent diffusion, generate definite shape and size, the homogeneous nanometer of scale particle size Particle.Solution-phase synthesis of metal nanoparticles is widely studied in the 1980s, and liquid phase method can better control over The shape of nano-particle, particle diameter, it is particularly suitable for the preparation of single dispersion metal nanometer particles and its colloid.High-temperature liquid-phase decomposition method, Hydro-thermal method, chemical vapour deposition technique, liquid-liquid two phase process, reverse micelle method and sonochemistry method etc. belong to liquid phase synthesis Method.Wherein, high-temperature decomposition is to decompose presoma at high temperature;Hydro-thermal method is a kind of water-soluble from supersaturation at high temperature under high pressure The method crystallized in liquid;Chemical vapour deposition technique is to bring presoma in reactor with gas into, anti-in high temperature substrate Crystal should be decomposed to form.These three methods can obtain purity height, the nano-particle of size tunable, but preparation technology is relative Complexity, costly, length, complex steps, wasted raw material, added production cost equipment experimental period.Liquid-liquid two phase process and anti- Phase micelle assay is all reacted at ambient temperature, but needs the longer reaction time, and sonochemistry method cost is relative It is relatively low, it is not necessary to high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, reaction condition are easily realized, and the reaction time is short, and the nano microcrystalline quality of preparation is high, point Scattered stability is good, and yield is up to more than 95%, saves raw material, and the yield compared to other preparation methods greatly improves, and has general Property, the advantages that workable and method is relatively easy.
The present invention prepares platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion using sonochemistry method.In ultrasonic field, due to ultrasonic cavitation The extremely special physical environment of localized hyperthermia's high pressure is produced, accelerates chemical reaction.Ultrasonic cavitation is formed for nucleus and provided Required energy, pt atom agglomerate into unbodied platinum nano microcrystalline, the formation speed of nucleus is improved several orders of magnitude, brilliant The raising of core synthesis speed inhibits growing up for nucleus, reduces crystal particle diameter, and cavitation processes prevent platinum nano microcrystalline The reunion of particle simultaneously forms stable nano-particle.
The content of the invention
The mesh of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, for being asked existing for prior art Topic, and provide that a kind of preparation method is simple, the preparation of the easily controllable platinum nano microcrystalline of course of reaction and its colloidal dispersion system Method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:Under Ultrasonic Conditions, in 50 ~ 70 DEG C of condition Under, it is 1 ~ 4 to add platinum precursor solution in past reactor and adjust its pH value, then reducing agent is disposably added rapidly, when anti- Reaction is completed when answering the color of solution to become brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then becoming opaque black, is then centrifuged for separating Supernatant is discarded, is then continuously washed, centrifuged with deionized water, at least three times, the product of collection is dispersed in deionization for circulation Ultrasonication is used in water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline colloidal dispersion system.
Platinum precursor solution of the present invention is chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, ammonium chloroplatinite, acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione Asia platinum, chlorine Asia The mixing that any or two or more materials are mixed to get in any proportion in sodium platinate, potassium chloroplatinite, Ma Gelusi salt Solution, the concentration of platinum ion is 0.01 ~ 0.02mol/L in described platinum presoma.
Reducing agent of the present invention is a kind of in hydrazine hydrochloride, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, Verdoflavin.
Preferably, the concentration of the hydrazine hydrochloride in reducing solution of the present invention is 0.001 ~ 0.004mol/L, wherein salt The mol ratio of sour hydrazine and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 0.1:1~0.4:1.
Preferably, the concentration of the ascorbic acid in reducing solution of the present invention is 0.10 ~ 0.25mol/L, and its moderate resistance is bad The mol ratio of hematic acid and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 5:1~10:1.
Preferably, the concentration of the sodium citrate in reducing solution of the present invention is 0.15 ~ 0.40mol/L, wherein lemon The mol ratio of sour sodium and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 15:1~25:1.
Preferably, the concentration of the Verdoflavin in reducing solution of the present invention is 0.60 ~ 0.90mol/L, wherein tieing up him The mol ratio for ordering B2 and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 30:1~45:1.
Preferably, the pH value of solution of the present invention is adjusted with commercially available hydrochloric acid (AR).
Preferably, the reaction time of the present invention is 2 ~ 15min.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)Any dispersant need not be added in the present invention, due to having selected suitable platinum ion concentration, reaction temperature Degree, suitable reducing agent and reductant concentration, under the conditions of existing for ultrasound field, it is anti-to carry out sonochemistry liquid-phase reduction Should, the particle diameter of obtained platinum crystallite is 3 ~ 5nm, soilless sticking, and the yield of platinum powder reaches more than 95%.
(2)The method cost of the present invention is low, can just be completed with easy experiment equipment at normal temperatures and pressures, and energy consumption is low, The purity of product is high, and yield is high, and platinum powder good dispersion, specific surface area is big, in photocatalysis, magnetic memory materials, chemical catalysis material Application aspect has greater activity.
In summary, the present invention need not add any dispersant, scattered by selecting suitable reducing agent to prepare Platinum nano microcrystalline, and narrow particle size distribution, uniformity are high;The inventive method yield is up to more than 95%, and experimental facilities is simple, instead Mild condition is answered, platinum nano microcrystalline controllability is strong, and the platinum powder particle size range of preparation is can be controlled between 3nm ~ 5nm, it is not necessary to high The harsh experiment condition such as warm high pressure, reaction time is very short, is adapted to batch production;Platinum nano microcrystalline prepared by this method has Purity is high, and crystallite particle diameter controllability is strong, uniformly dispersed good, the characteristics such as specific surface area is big, application be related to photoelectron material, Single electron tunnel, VHD magnetic storage material, tunnel magneto device, magnetic fluid material, the catalysis of organic reaction, nanotube or The fields such as the effective catalyst in the synthetic reactions such as nano wire.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the transmission electron microscope picture of platinum nano microcrystalline prepared by embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the transmission electron microscope picture of platinum nano microcrystalline prepared by embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the transmission electron microscope picture of platinum nano microcrystalline prepared by embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is the transmission electron microscope picture of platinum nano microcrystalline prepared by embodiment 4;
Fig. 5 is the EDS energy spectrum diagrams of the platinum nano microcrystalline sample on transmission electron microscope copper mesh;
Fig. 6 is the X ray diffracting spectrum of platinum nano microcrystalline powder.
Embodiment
Below by the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described, but is not meant to protect the present invention Protect the limitation of scope.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, specifically includes following steps described in the present embodiment:
(1)The preparation of platinum precursor solution:The aqueous solution for the potassium chloroplatinate that the concentration for preparing platinum ion is 0.02mol/L;
(2)The preparation of reductant solution:The aqueous solution of 0.7mol/L Verdoflavins is prepared as reducing agent;
(3)The preparation of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion:Any dispersant need not be added, in ultrasonic wave(Working frequency 40 kHz)Under the conditions of, under conditions of 55 DEG C, toward adding platinum precursor solution in reactor and with commercially available hydrochloric acid(AR)Adjust it PH value is 2, then disposably adds reducing agent rapidly(The mol ratio of Verdoflavin and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 40: 1), when the color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then reaction is completed when becoming opaque black(Reaction 5min), it is then centrifuged for separation and discards supernatant, then continuously washed, centrifuged with deionized water, circulation at least three times, is collected Product it is scattered use ultrasonication in deionized water, obtain platinum nano microcrystalline colloidal dispersion system.
Platinum nano microcrystalline favorable dispersibility manufactured in the present embodiment, average grain diameter 5nm, soilless sticking, transmission electron microscope, such as schemes Shown in 1.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, specifically includes following steps described in the present embodiment:
(1)The preparation of platinum precursor solution:The aqueous solution for the chloroplatinic acid that the concentration for preparing platinum ion is 0.01mol/L;
(2)The preparation of reductant solution:The aqueous solution of 0.1mol/L ascorbic acid is prepared as reducing agent;
(3)The preparation of platinum nano microcrystalline and its colloidal dispersion system:Any dispersant need not be added, in ultrasonic wave(Work The kHz of frequency 40)Under the conditions of, under conditions of 55 DEG C, adjusted toward the interior addition platinum precursor solution of reactor and with commercially available hydrochloric acid Its pH value is 3, then disposably adds reducing agent rapidly(The mol ratio of ascorbic acid and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 6: 1), when the color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then reaction is completed when becoming opaque black(Reaction 3min), be then centrifuged for separate (being centrifuged 10 minutes under 1200r) discard supernatant, then continuously washed with deionized water, from The heart, at least three times, the product of collection is scattered to use ultrasonication in deionized water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline colloidal dispersions for circulation System.
Platinum nano microcrystalline favorable dispersibility manufactured in the present embodiment, average grain diameter 3nm, soilless sticking, transmission electron microscope, such as schemes Shown in 2.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, specifically includes following steps described in the present embodiment:
(1)The preparation of platinum precursor solution:Prepare the sodium chloroplatinite and chlorine Asia platinum that platinum ion total concentration is 0.01mol/L The mixed aqueous solution of sour potassium;
(2)The preparation of reductant solution:The aqueous solution of 0.2mol/L sodium citrates is prepared as reducing agent;
(3)The preparation of platinum nano microcrystalline and its colloidal dispersion system:Any dispersant need not be added, in ultrasonic wave(Work The kHz of frequency 40)Under the conditions of, under conditions of 60 DEG C, adjusted toward the interior addition platinum precursor solution of reactor and with commercially available hydrochloric acid Its pH value is 4, then disposably adds reducing agent rapidly(The mol ratio of sodium citrate and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 18:1), when the color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then reaction is completed when becoming opaque black(Instead Answer 10min), it is then centrifuged for separation (being centrifuged 10 minutes under 1200r) and discards supernatant, is then continuously washed with deionized water Wash, centrifuge, at least three times, the product of collection is scattered to use ultrasonication in deionized water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline glue for circulation Body dispersion.
Platinum nano microcrystalline favorable dispersibility manufactured in the present embodiment, and spherical in shape, average grain diameter 3nm, soilless sticking.Such as Fig. 3 It is shown.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, specifically includes following steps described in the present embodiment:
(1)The preparation of platinum precursor solution:The concentration for preparing platinum ion is the water-soluble of 0.01mol/L acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione Asia platinum Liquid;
(2)The preparation of reductant solution:The aqueous solution of 0.8mol/L Verdoflavins is prepared as reducing agent;
(3)The preparation of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion:Any dispersant need not be added, in ultrasonic wave(Working frequency 40 kHz)Under the conditions of, under conditions of 65 DEG C, toward the interior addition platinum precursor solution of reactor and adjust its pH value with commercially available hydrochloric acid For 3, then reducing agent is disposably added rapidly(The mol ratio of Verdoflavin and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 35:1), when The color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then becomes reaction completion during opaque black(React 10min), It is then centrifuged for separation (being centrifuged 10 minutes under 1200r) and discards supernatant, is then continuously washed, centrifuged with deionized water, followed At least three times, the product of collection is scattered to use ultrasonication to ring in deionized water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline colloidal dispersion system.
Platinum nano microcrystalline favorable dispersibility manufactured in the present embodiment, average grain diameter 4nm, soilless sticking.
Embodiment 5
The preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, specifically includes following steps described in the present embodiment:
(1)The preparation of platinum precursor solution:The concentration for preparing platinum ion is the water-soluble of 0.015mol/L sodium chloroplatinite Liquid;
(2)The preparation of reductant solution:The aqueous solution of 0.23mol/L ascorbic acid is prepared as reducing agent;
(3)The preparation of platinum nano microcrystalline and its colloidal dispersion system:Any dispersant need not be added, in ultrasonic wave(Work The kHz of frequency 40)Under the conditions of, under conditions of 55 DEG C, adjusted toward the interior addition platinum precursor solution of reactor and with commercially available hydrochloric acid Its pH value is 2, then disposably adds reducing agent rapidly(The mol ratio of ascorbic acid and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 9: 1), when the color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then reaction is completed when becoming opaque black(Reaction 10min), it is then centrifuged for separation (being centrifuged 10 minutes under 1200r) and discards supernatant, then continuously washed with deionized water, Centrifugation, at least three times, the product of collection is scattered to use ultrasonication in deionized water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline colloid point for circulation Granular media system.
Platinum nano microcrystalline favorable dispersibility manufactured in the present embodiment, average grain diameter 3nm, soilless sticking.
Embodiment 6
The preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, specifically includes following steps described in the present embodiment:
(1)The preparation of platinum precursor solution:The concentration for preparing platinum ion is the water-soluble of 0.01mol/L potassium chloroplatinite Liquid;
(2)The preparation of reductant solution:The aqueous solution of 0.4mol/L sodium citrates is prepared as reducing agent;
(3)The preparation of platinum nano microcrystalline and its colloidal dispersion system:Any dispersant need not be added, in ultrasonic wave(Work The kHz of frequency 40)Under the conditions of, under conditions of 65 DEG C, adjusted toward the interior addition platinum precursor solution of reactor and with commercially available hydrochloric acid Its pH value is 1, then disposably adds reducing agent rapidly(The mol ratio of sodium citrate and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 22:1), when the color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then reaction is completed when becoming opaque black(Instead Answer 15min), it is then centrifuged for separation (being centrifuged 10 minutes under 1200r) and discards supernatant, is then continuously washed with deionized water Wash, centrifuge, at least three times, the product of collection is scattered to use ultrasonication in deionized water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline glue for circulation Body dispersion.
Platinum nano microcrystalline favorable dispersibility manufactured in the present embodiment, average grain diameter 4nm, soilless sticking.
Embodiment 7
The preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, specifically includes following steps described in the present embodiment:
(1)The preparation of platinum precursor solution:The concentration for preparing platinum ion is the water-soluble of 0.01mol/L Ma Gelusi salt Liquid;
(2)The preparation of reductant solution:The aqueous solution of 0.4mol/L hydrazine hydrochlorides is prepared as reducing agent;
(3)The preparation of platinum nano microcrystalline and its colloidal dispersion system:Any dispersant need not be added, in ultrasonic wave(Work The kHz of frequency 40)Under the conditions of, under conditions of 65 DEG C, adjusted toward the interior addition platinum precursor solution of reactor and with commercially available hydrochloric acid Its pH value is 1, then disposably adds reducing agent rapidly(The mol ratio of hydrazine hydrochloride and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 0.2:1), when the color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then reaction is completed when becoming opaque black(Instead Answer 15min), it is then centrifuged for separation (being centrifuged 10 minutes under 1200r) and discards supernatant, is then continuously washed with deionized water Wash, centrifuge, at least three times, the product of collection is scattered to use ultrasonication in deionized water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline glue for circulation Body dispersion.
Platinum nano microcrystalline favorable dispersibility manufactured in the present embodiment, average grain diameter 4.5nm, soilless sticking.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of preparation method of platinum nano microcrystalline dispersion, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:In Ultrasonic Conditions Under, under conditions of 50 ~ 70 DEG C, it is 1 ~ 4 to add platinum precursor solution in past reactor and adjust its pH value, then rapidly once Property adds reducing agent, when the color of reaction solution becomes brown by transparent yellowish-brown, then becomes to react during opaque black Complete, be then centrifuged for separation and discard supernatant, then continuously washed, centrifuged with deionized water, circulate at least three times, collection Product is scattered to use ultrasonication in deionized water, obtains platinum nano microcrystalline colloidal dispersion system;
The reducing agent is a kind of in hydrazine hydrochloride, ascorbic acid, sodium citrate, Verdoflavin;
The platinum precursor solution is chloroplatinic acid, potassium chloroplatinate, ammonium chloroplatinite, acetylacetone,2,4-pentanedione Asia platinum, sodium chloroplatinite, chlorine Asia The mixed solution that any or two or more materials are mixed to get in any proportion in potassium platinate, Ma Gelusi salt, it is described The concentration of platinum ion is 0.01 ~ 0.02mol/L in platinum presoma;
When reducing agent is hydrazine hydrochloride, the concentration of the hydrazine hydrochloride in reducing solution is 0.001 ~ 0.004mol/L, wherein hydrochloric acid The mol ratio of hydrazine and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 0.1:1~0.4:1;
When reducing agent is ascorbic acid, the concentration of the ascorbic acid in reducing solution is 0.10 ~ 0.25mol/L, wherein Vitamin C The mol ratio of acid and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 5:1~10:1;
When reducing agent is sodium citrate, the concentration of the sodium citrate in reducing solution is 0.15 ~ 0.40mol/L, wherein citric acid The mol ratio of sodium and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 15:1~25:1;
When reducing agent is Verdoflavin, the concentration of the Verdoflavin in reducing solution is 0.60 ~ 0.90mol/L, wherein vitamin The mol ratio of B2 and platinum ion in platinum precursor solution is 30:1~45:1;
The commercially available hydrochloric acid of the pH value of solution(AR)Regulation;
Reaction time is 2 ~ 15min.
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CN109732100A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-05-10 昆明理工大学 A kind of preparation method of the dendritic Pt nanoparticle of small size
CN111318721B (en) * 2020-03-19 2022-04-15 四川省疾病预防控制中心 Preparation method of platinum nano-chain
CN112692274A (en) * 2020-12-21 2021-04-23 有研亿金新材料有限公司 Preparation method and application of high-dispersity ultrafine platinum powder
CN113134623B (en) * 2021-04-28 2022-06-03 西北工业大学 Water-soluble amorphous noble metal nano particle and preparation method thereof
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CN115194171B (en) * 2022-05-27 2023-09-26 氢电中科(广州)新能源设备有限公司 Highly dispersed platinum nanoparticle solution and preparation method thereof
CN115365509B (en) * 2022-08-19 2023-12-22 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 Preparation method of platinum nanocrystalline, platinum nanocrystalline and catalyst

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