CN105125531A - 二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物中的用途 - Google Patents
二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物中的用途,为一种二甲双胍的新适应症的应用。本发明提出了二甲双胍可以减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症,包括急性肾损伤肾功能、肾小管细胞凋亡、肾脏炎性细胞浸润等病症,主要是通过提高肾脏小管细胞的自噬水平从而抑制小管细胞的凋亡减轻急性肾损伤。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及二甲双胍的新用途,具体地涉及二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物中的用途。
背景技术
急性肾损伤(acutekidneyiniury,AKI)是指突然发生的肾功能下降,可伴或不伴有少尿或无尿。为由肾小球、肾小管、肾间质或血管等病变引起的肾功能在短期内急剧下降或丧失的临床综合征,表现为突然不能保持正常的水电解质平衡,体内代谢产物堆积,出现氮质血症、水及电解质紊乱和代谢性酸中毒等症状。AKI的患病率社区为1%,在医院为7.1%。发病率为每年医院获得的AKI的病死率为10%一80%,合并多脏器功能衰竭的病死率>50%,需要肾替代疗法的病死率是80%,因此急性肾损伤具有高发病率和致死率。它的主要病因是缺血,肾有毒物质所致或原发性肾脏病,肾小管损伤与炎细胞浸润是急性肾损伤的主要病理学特征。
顺铂是临床上治疗实体肿瘤包括头部、颈部、卵巢和睾丸最常用及最有效的化疗药物之一,因其抗癌作用强,与其他肿瘤药物无交叉耐药,也是联合化疗中最常用的抗肿瘤药物之一。临床调查表明,由于其具有剂量依赖性急性肾脏毒性作用,极大地限制其临床应用,顺铂诱导的急性肾损害发生率为25%~35%,其引起损伤的主要机制包括诱导肾小管上皮细胞的氧化应激引起细胞凋亡,并且能够触发炎症反应参与肾脏损伤。如何切实有效地预防和减轻顺铂引起的肾损伤,更好地发挥顺铂抗肿瘤作用已成为当前亟待解决的问题。
二甲双胍是双胍类的代表性药物,是广泛应用于临床的一线口服降糖药,在糖尿病的治疗中已得到了充分的肯定。该药物发挥降糖作用主要是通过减少肝脏产生葡萄糖,促进肌肉摄取葡萄糖以及增加胰岛素敏感性,越来越多的研究证明除了降糖作用外,二甲双胍在其它疾病中发挥作用,长期服用二甲双胍可以提高寿命,依赖于减轻氧化应激和炎症反应;二甲双胍可以抑制多种肿瘤的生长,主要是通过抑制了mTOR信号通路从而抑制了蛋白的合成和细胞的增殖。
目前,尚未有二甲双胍可以对抗顺铂引起的急性肾损伤的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物中的用途。
本发明通过动物实验和体外细胞实验两个方面发现二甲双胍对于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物中的用途。
具体地,本发明提出了二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤肾功能的药物中的用途。
本发明还提出了二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的肾小管细胞凋亡的药物中的用途。
进一步地,本发明发现了二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的肾脏炎性细胞浸润的药物中的用途。
同时,本发明还发现二甲双胍在制备用于提高顺铂诱导的肾脏小管细胞自噬的药物中的用途。
通过本发明的研究发现了一种二甲双胍的新适应症,即用于制备减轻减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物,其主要是通过提高肾脏小管细胞的自噬水平从而抑制小管细胞的凋亡减轻急性肾损伤。
附图说明
图1为不同处理组处理后糖原染色(PAS)的结果示意图,其中,生理盐水代表等体积生理盐水组,二甲双胍代表单纯二甲双胍组、顺铂代表顺铂模型组,二甲双胍+顺铂代表二甲双胍治疗组,下面的图示采用相同的含义;
图2为组织免疫荧光的方法检测TUNEL和cleaved-caspase3阳性的肾小管凋亡细胞的结果图;
图3为免疫荧光染色检测F4/80和免疫组化染色检测Ly6b的表达水平的结果图;
图4为顺铂单次给药1h、12h、24h利用western-blot和免疫荧光染色的方法检测小管细胞LC3II的表达水平的结果图;
图5为通过westernblot的方法检测顺铂组和二甲双胍治疗组的p-Ampk和LC3II的表达水平的结果图以及相对表达量图;
图6为利用westernblot(A)检测cleaved-caspase3以及免疫荧光(B)检测TUNEL阳性细胞来观察细胞凋亡情况的结果图,C为cleaved-caspase3相对表达量统计图,其中,“-”代表不含有,“+”代表含有;
图7为二甲双胍在体外对NRK-52E细胞自噬的发生的影响的示意图,其中,A为用western检测LC3II的表达的结果图,B为LC3II相对表达量的结果图,C为荧光显微镜观察LC3的活化水平的结果图;
图8为利用westernblot检测LC3II的表达的结果图;
图9为3MA对二甲双胍诱导自噬的抑制作用,其中,A为用western检测cleaved-caspase3的表达的结果图,B为cleaved-caspase3相对表达量的结果图,C为免疫荧光检测Tunel阳性细胞来观察细胞凋亡情况的结果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例详细说明本发明。
本发明实施例中采用的表征方法步骤如下:
Westernblot:组织裂解液提取肾脏组织总蛋白,采用BCA法测定蛋白质浓度,取50μg蛋白上样,10%或12%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS.PAGE),100mA×2h半干转转至PVDF膜上,封闭液室温封闭1h,TBST洗脱后加入一抗,LC3-β(Sigma-Aldrich),cleavedcaspase3(CellSignalingTechnology),β-actin(SantaCruzBiotechnology),p-Ampkα(T172)(CellSignalingTechnology),4℃孵育过夜。TBST洗膜3次,每次15min,以相应二抗室温孵育2h,再脱洗3次。抗原-抗体复合物用增强化学发光法(ECL)显示,暗室X线胶片曝光并扫描,蛋白质定量采用对目的条带进行灰度值分析,以目的条带灰度值/β-actin灰度值表示目的蛋白的相对表达量。
免疫组化:4%多聚甲醛固定组织48h,石蜡包埋切片,脱蜡至水,蒸馏水冲洗,磷酸缓冲盐溶液(phosphatebuffersaline,PBS)冲洗3次。行抗原热修复15min,随后冷却20min。3%H2O2,室温孵育10min,PBS冲洗3次。山羊封闭血清,室温孵育30min,倾去,滴加一抗Ly-6b(AbDSerotec)4℃孵育过夜,PBS冲洗3次后滴二抗,37℃孵育30min,PBS冲洗。加DAB室温显色,苏木素复染,脱水透明,最后封片。
免疫荧光:4%多聚甲醛固定10min,0.2%Triton--X100渗透5min,使用封闭液(2%驴血清封闭60min,滴加一抗F4/80(eBioscience),cleavedcaspase3(CellSignalingTechnology)4℃孵育过夜,使用TRITC结合的响应二抗避光孵育1h,二脒基苯基吲哚(DAPI)染核并封片,使用荧光显微镜观察,摄片。
Tunel(TdT-mediateddUTPNick-EndLabeling)染色:4%多聚甲醛固定15min,PBS5min×2次,每张片子100μl(20μg/mlProteinaseK)常温处理组织15min,PBS洗5min,浸入4%多聚甲醛5min,PBS5min2次,加100μl平衡液,湿盒平衡10min,制备TUNEL反应混合液:1μlrTdT+1μl生物素标记的dUTP+98μl平衡液混匀,加入100μlDNase1缓冲液孵育5min,甩掉液体后再加100μlDNase1(10U/ml)酶切10min,用去离子水冲洗4次,PBS浸洗5min,加100μlTUNEL反应混合液于标本上,加盖玻片或封口膜在暗湿盒中反应37℃×1h,浸入2×SSC15min,PBS5min3次,浸入0.3%H2O215min,PBS5min3次,加100μlstreptavidin标记HRP(按1∶500PBS稀释)30min:PBS5min3次,DAB显色(避光),用苏木素复染。
实施例1二甲双胍对顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤肾功能的影响。
取体重20~25g的雄性CD1小鼠,每组6~12只,即等体积生理盐水组,单纯二甲双胍组,顺铂模型组以及二甲双胍治疗组。其中,
等体积生理盐水组:腹腔注射,10ml/kg,每日一次,共5日;
单纯二甲双胍组:腹腔注射,100mg/kg,每日给药一次,共5次;
顺铂模型组:腹腔注射,20mg/kg,单次给药;
二甲双胍治疗组:二甲双胍提前给药三天,腹腔注射,100mg/kg,每日一次,随后单次给药顺铂(腹腔注射,20mg/kg),二甲双胍再治疗两天,顺铂注射48小时后,摘眼球取血,留取肾组织。
分别将上述实验组得到的血标本离心(10min,1500r/min),用尿素氮试剂盒(QuantiChromUreaAssaykit(cat:DIUR-500,Hayward,CA))测定血尿素氮。生理盐水组血尿素氮54.52±9.102,n=6;单纯二甲双胍组血尿素氮46.64±2.104,n=6;顺铂治疗组186.5±20.25,n=12;二甲双胍治疗组133.2±8.977,n=12。
从结果中可以看出,单独使用二甲双胍并不影响肾功能,使用顺铂以后造模成功,血尿素氮升高,提示肾脏受到损伤。而使用二甲双胍治疗后,可以明显改善肾功能,尿素氮水平与顺铂组相比,p<0.05。根据糖原染色(PAS)的结果(如图1所示),顺铂组肾小管结构破坏,蛋白管型形成,二甲双胍能够显著改善顺铂诱导的肾脏的组织损伤。
实施例2二甲双胍对顺铂诱导的小管细胞凋亡的影响。
利用组织免疫荧光的方法检测TUNEL(TdT-mediateddUTPNick-EndLabeling)和cleaved-caspase3阳性的肾小管凋亡细胞。
结果如图2所示,其中,生理盐水组和单纯二甲双胍组显微镜下未见明显CleavedCaspase3阳性细胞,顺铂组每个高倍视野下有6.313±0.5995个阳性细胞,二甲双胍治疗组每个高倍视野下有3.533±0.9366个阳性细胞(n=5)。生理盐水组和单纯二甲双胍组显微镜下未见明显Tunel阳性细胞,顺铂组每个高倍视野下有6.411±0.50个阳性细胞,二甲双胍治疗组每个高倍视野下有3.35±0.6813个阳性细胞(n=5)。从结果中可以看出,生理盐水组和单纯二甲双胍组很少有凋亡细胞,顺铂能够大量诱导小管细胞的凋亡,与单纯生理盐水组比,p<0.05。而二甲双胍能够显著减少凋亡的小管细胞,与顺铂组相比,p<0.05。
实施例3二甲双胍对顺铂诱导的肾脏炎性细胞浸润的影响。
利用免疫荧光染色检测F4/80(巨噬细胞标志物)和免疫组化染色检测Ly6b(中性粒细胞标志物)的表达水平来测定肾脏炎性细胞浸润的情况。
结果如图3所示,生理盐水组和单纯二甲双胍组显微镜下未见明显F4/80阳性细胞,顺铂组每个高倍视野下有5.483±0.3838个阳性细胞,二甲双胍治疗组每个高倍视野下有1.858±0.1425个阳性细胞(n=5);生理盐水组和单纯二甲双胍组显微镜下未见明显Ly6B阳性细胞,顺铂组每个高倍视野下有5.800±1.659个阳性细胞,二甲双胍治疗组每个高倍视野下有1.433±0.5863个阳性细胞(n=5)。
生理盐水组和单纯二甲双胍组很少有炎性细胞的浸润,顺铂可以诱导炎性细胞浸润,包括中性粒和巨噬细胞的浸润增加,而二甲双胍可以抑制炎性细胞浸润。
实施例4二甲双胍对顺铂诱导的肾脏小管细胞自噬的影响。
取体重20~25g的雄性CD1小鼠,顺铂单次给药1h、12h、24h后留取肾组织(每个时间点,每组3只)。利用western-blot和免疫荧光染色的方法检测小管细胞LC3II的表达水平,其中,LC3是自噬形成的标志物。
结果如图4所示,顺铂给药后,可以诱导自噬的发生,呈时间依赖性,在12h达到高峰。
二甲双胍预先给药(100mg/kg/d,腹腔注射),每日一次,共三次,随后顺铂腹腔注射(20mg/kg)单次注射12h。另一组给予等体积生理盐水(腹腔注射,10ml/kg),每日一次,共三次,随后顺铂腹腔注射(20mg/kg)单次注射12h。通过westernblot的方法检测,结果如图5所示,二甲双胍治疗组的p-Ampk和LC3II的表达水平更高,表示二甲双胍能够诱导更高的自噬水平,与单独顺铂组相比,p<0.05。
实施例5二甲双胍在体外对顺铂诱导的小管细胞凋亡的影响。
体外应用NRK-52E细胞(大鼠肾小管细胞系),单纯二甲双胍组中,二甲双胍4mmol/l)刺激12h,单纯顺铂组中顺铂(20μg/ml)刺激细胞12小时诱导小管细胞凋亡;二甲双胍治疗组中,二甲双胍预先刺激(4mmol/l)30min,随后顺铂刺激12h诱导细胞凋亡。利用westernblot检测cleaved-caspase3,免疫荧光检测TUNEL阳性细胞来观察细胞凋亡情况,结果如图6所示。空白组和二甲双胍治疗组未见有明显细胞凋亡,单纯顺铂组观察到有10.17%±0.76%的Tunel阳性细胞,二甲双胍治疗组观察到有3.76%±0.64%的Tunel阳性细胞。
顺铂刺激NRK-52E细胞12小时,可以诱导细胞凋亡的发生,和未处理组相比,p<0.05。二甲双胍单独处理不能引起细胞凋亡,在顺铂处理以后,二甲双胍可以显著减少细胞凋亡的发生,与顺铂组相比,p<0.05。
实施例6二甲双胍在体外对NRK-52E细胞自噬的发生的影响。
体外应用二甲双胍(4mmol/l)刺激NRK-52E细胞12小时,利用western检测LC3II的表达,在小管细胞中转染带有GFP的LC3质粒,转染24小时后,用二甲双胍(4mmol/l)刺激12小时,利用荧光显微镜观察LC3的活化水平。结果如图7所示。对照组LC3活化的细胞占18.67%±5%,而二甲双胍刺激后,活化细胞占35.74%±6.047%。二甲双胍刺激NAK-52E细胞12h,可以诱导细胞自噬的发生,通过检测LC3II蛋白水平的变化以及通过荧光显微镜直接观察,与未刺激组相比,p<0.05。
实施例7.3MA抑制自噬对于小管细胞凋亡的影响
体外利用3MA(3-methyladenine,10mmol/l)刺激细胞,30min后,加入二甲双胍(4mmol/l)12h,利用westernblot检测LC3II的表达。结果如图8所示,发现其能够抑制细胞的自噬发生。
观察3MA对二甲双胍诱导自噬的抑制作用。结果如图9所示。第一组是空白组(---),第二组是顺铂组(20μg/ml)(--+)刺激12h,第三组是二甲双胍治疗组(-++),二甲双胍预先刺激(4mmol/l)30min,随后顺铂刺激12h诱导细胞凋亡。第四组(+++)中,3MA、二甲双胍共刺激52E细胞30min,加入顺铂诱导凋亡,利用Westernblot检测Cleaved-caspase3水平,免疫荧光检测Tunel阳性细胞来观察细胞凋亡情况(图9C)。空白组未见有明显细胞凋亡,单纯顺铂组观察到有10.27%±0.36%的Tunel阳性细胞,二甲双胍治疗组观察到有3.58%±0.73%的Tunel阳性细胞,3MA、二甲双胍共刺激组有10.07%±0.086%。3MA能够抑制二甲双胍引起的小管细胞自噬的发生,3MA通过抑制自噬水平可以阻断二甲双胍对小管细胞凋亡的保护作用,从而反面验证了二甲双胍是通过提高细胞的自噬水平保护顺铂诱导的小管细胞损伤。
Claims (5)
1.二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤相关病症的药物中的用途。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤肾功能的药物中的用途。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的肾小管细胞凋亡的药物中的用途。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,二甲双胍在制备用于减轻顺铂诱导的肾脏炎性细胞浸润的药物中的用途。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,二甲双胍在制备用于提高顺铂诱导的肾脏小管细胞自噬的药物中的用途。
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