CN105118539B - 防中子辐射材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防中子辐射材料及其制备方法,通过添加累托石,具有固化核素、不易絮凝、防开裂性,是理想的防辐射材料,其对核素Th、Cs(VI)、Sr(II)、Eu(III)、U(VI)的固化效果优越,此外,具有防中子、防X射线、γ射线功能;通过添加硅酸盐水泥熟料,可以增强抗压、抗折强度,提高耐久性、实用性;通过添加二水石膏,可以调节凝结时间,便于施工;本发明公布的防中子辐射材料制备方法工艺简单,成本低廉,易于施工,不影响普通硅酸盐水泥性能,可广泛用作民用建筑中的防射线建筑材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防中子辐射领域,尤其涉及一种防中子辐射材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
核电对突破我国能源匮乏发展瓶颈具有重大战略意义;但是2011年福岛核电站事故,使我国必须再次全面审视核安全问题;而核能安全利用高度依赖于性能可靠的防辐射材料;因此防辐射材料性能的基础技术是改善我国能源供应结构、保障能源安全和经济安全的根本问题!防辐射所要屏蔽的是α、β、γ、X射线及中子流,中子具有电中性,穿透力极强,放射性危害威胁最大。
目前,屏蔽中子辐射材料主要包括两类:(1)合成材料,含碳硼聚乙烯、含硼环氧树脂、碳化硼、氢化锆等,这些材料成本高、不易成型;(2)天然材料,重晶石、褐铁矿、毒重石等大比重矿物,采用这种材料要引入钢锻造成防护体自重过大,导致易离析、易开裂、耐久性差等诸多问题,采用石灰石、硬硼钙石、浮石等作为矿物掺合料,但是防中子辐射效果差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有良好力学性能,阻滞中子性质优异的防中子辐射材料及其制备方法和应用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明一方面提供了一种防中子辐射材料,其组分包括:累托石、二水石膏及硅酸盐水泥熟料。
第二方面,本发明提供了所述的防中子辐射材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按比例提供累托石、二水石膏和硅酸盐水泥熟料;
步骤二,将步骤一来料分别研磨成粉,并混合,压制成型。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明公开的防中子辐射材料通过添加累托石,具有固化核素、不易絮凝、防开裂性,是理想的防辐射材料,其对核素Th、Cs(VI)、Sr(II)、Eu(III)、U(VI)的固化效果优越,此外,具有防中子、防X射线、γ射线功能;通过添加硅酸盐水泥熟料,可以增强抗压、抗折强度,提高耐久性、实用性;通过添加二水石膏,可以调节凝结时间,便于施工;本发明公布的防中子辐射材料制备方法工艺简单,成本低廉,易于施工,不影响普通硅酸盐水泥性能,可广泛用作民用建筑中的防射线建筑材料。
具体实施方式
本发明本发明一方面提供了一种防中子辐射材料,其组分包括:累托石、二水石膏及硅酸盐水泥熟料。
优选的,所述累托石层间水含量为5~10wt%。
优选的,所述防中子辐射材料各组分含量如下:
累托石10~90wt%
二水石膏1~5wt%
硅酸盐水泥熟料9~89wt%。
优选的,所述各组分原料粉体颗粒度分布如下:
累托石,中值粒径为0.5~1μm,其中,粒径≤2μm的颗粒含量占70%以上;
二水石膏,中值粒径≤45μm,其中,粒径≤2μm的颗粒含量占80%以上;
硅酸盐水泥熟料,中值粒径≤38μm,其中,粒径≤2μm的颗粒含量占80%以上。
优选的,所述防中子辐射材料的颗粒密度2~3g/cm3,孔体积0.01~0.1m3/g,平均孔径6~8nm,极性分子吸附法测得的比表面积200~300m2/g。
本发明第二方面提供了第一方面的防中子辐射材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按比例提供累托石、二水石膏和硅酸盐水泥熟料;
步骤二,将步骤一来料分别研磨成粉,并混合,压制成型。
以下结合具体实施例介绍本发明的防中子辐射材料及其制备方法
首先,选择原料和试验器材
本试验累托石来自湖北钟祥名流公司所产,是经过累托石与黄铁矿分离的精选矿。其中累托石≥70wt%,水云母<15wt%,绿泥石<3wt%,叶腊石<2wt%,黄铁矿<1.5wt%,石膏<1.5wt%,长石、石英<10wt%。所得累托石精矿的矿物组成见表1:
表1 累托石精矿的矿物组成
SiO2 | TiO2 | Al2O3 | TFe2O3 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | P2O5 | |
质量百分比/% | 44.31 | 2.46 | 35.60 | 1.50 | 4.05 | 0.35 | 1.12 | 1.24 | 0.41 |
本试验使用天然石膏基α型高强石膏,使用岛津生产的型号为XRF 1700的X线荧光光谱分析仪分析原料的化学组成,见表2。
表2 天然石膏基α型高强石膏化学成分
SO3 | CaO | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | Cr2O3 | SrO | |
质量百分比/% | 57.19 | 41.91 | 0.39 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.27 |
本试验使用的硅酸盐水泥熟料采用普通硅酸盐水泥,来自华新水泥股份有限公司。
此外,本试验采用的电子天平型号和性能参数如下:
型号1:HZT-A2000;规格:Max=2000g,e=0.1g,d=0.01g;电源:DC9V;监制:美国康州电子科技有限公司;厂商:福州华志科学仪器有限公司。型号2:AR2140;准确度等级:I;最大量程(Max):210g;实际分度(d):0.0001g;标定分度值(e):0.001g;电源输入:交流(8-14.5)V50Hz或直流(9.5-20)V 6W;是有梅特勒-托利多仪器(上海)有限公司制造。
本试验采用的搅拌器具采用GB/T17669.4-1999建筑石膏净浆物理性能的测定中的搅拌碗、拌和棒。
根据防辐射要求,本试验制作了中空开口的圆柱体作为样品的成型模具,具体的,采用铝制模具Φ100X53mm,铝片底部厚度为0.5mm。
本试验采用的方孔筛,是由浙江省上虞市纱筛厂制造。
此外,还用到了秒表、游标卡尺、料铲、料勺、锤子、烧杯、纸杯、量筒、滤纸、搅拌棒等若干。
其次,制备防中子辐射材料
本试验设置了1~7共七组实施例,各组实施例组分质量百分比如表3所。
表3 各组实施例组分质量百分比
累托石/% | 二水石膏/% | 硅酸盐水泥熟料/% | |
实施例1 | 10 | 1 | 89 |
实施例2 | 15 | 1 | 74 |
实施例3 | 30 | 1 | 69 |
实施例4 | 45 | 1 | 54 |
实施例5 | 60 | 1 | 39 |
实施例6 | 75 | 1 | 24 |
实施例7 | 90 | 1 | 9 |
本试验实施例1~7防中子辐射材料制备步骤如下:
根据表3,用天平称取各组实施例组分,放入碾钵中进行混碾,并全部过325目筛,此后再进行机械混料,以保证混料的均匀性;将配好的物料在水泥净浆搅拌机上搅拌均匀,搅拌方法参照“水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、安定性检测方法”(GBI346一2001),倒入成型模具,捣实后,将固化体表面刮平,在室温下固化7d,得到样品。每个样品的基本尺寸Φ100X53mm,质量为330±20g,密度为8.39g/cm3。
最后,进行测试
鉴于长计数器对不同能量中子具有较好的“平响应”特性,本试验采用长计数器测量系统。BF3正比计数管被放置在特定结构的石蜡桶内,即构成长计数器。BF3计数管长中子探测器具有平响应、对中子能谱不敏感的特点,它对热中子到5MeV中子灵敏度几乎不变。
本次试验采用常用的252Cf自发裂变中子源,其能谱满足Watt谱分布,平均能量为2.28MeV。实验时该源的总中子发射率为9.078×103s-1。
本次试验的试验布局如下:为了减少地面和墙面对中子的反、散射影响,将测量系统布置在距地面1.2m、距墙壁的最短距离为2.8m、其他三面4m以上的钢结构平台上,将252Cf自发裂变中子源与长计数器前端面的距离控制在30cm,此时可以将源当成点源对待。同时为了保证252Cf自发裂变中子源与长计数器中心的高度一致,对252Cf自发裂变中子源采用适当的支架进行高度调节。当对样品进行测试时,样品紧贴252Cf自发裂变中子源布置,且布放在靠近长计数器一侧。
本次试验的测量步骤如下:
a)无源测量
b)裸源测量
c)实施例1样品测试
d)实施例7样品测试
采用长计数器测量系统进行测量时,将前放输出信号接入主放大器后,直接接入多道分析器中,通过软件在电脑上进行数据分析,实际的测试结果如表4所示。
表4 长计数器测试结果
状态 | 测量时间s | 总计数 | 计数率s-1 | 平均净计数率s-1 |
无源 | 55720 | 3547 | 0.064 | 0.064 |
裸源 | 2301 | 10522 | 4.575 | 4.511 |
实施例1 | 3107 | 10619 | 4.112 | 4.048 |
实施例7 | 3000 | 10619 | 3.540 | 3.476 |
从表4可以看到,加载本发明的防中子辐射材料后,探测器的计数率明显减少,可见,该样品对中子具有一定的屏蔽能力,10%累托石样品计数率下降了10.3%,90%样品计数率下降了23%。
Claims (4)
1.一种防中子辐射材料,其组分包括:累托石、二水石膏及硅酸盐水泥熟料,各组分含量如下:
累托石 10~90wt%
二水石膏 1~5wt%
硅酸盐水泥熟料9~89wt%;
所述累托石层间水含量为5~10wt%。
2.如权利要求1所述的防中子辐射材料,其特征在于:所述各组分原料粉体颗粒度分布如下:
累托石,中值粒径为0.5~1μm,其中,粒径≤2μm的颗粒含量占70%以上;
二水石膏,中值粒径≤45μm,其中,粒径≤2μm的颗粒含量占80%以上;
硅酸盐水泥熟料,中值粒径≤38μm,其中,粒径≤2μm的颗粒含量占80%以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的防中子辐射材料,其特征在于:所述防中子辐射材料的颗粒密度2~3g/cm3,孔体积0.01~0.1m3/g,平均孔径6~8nm,极性分子吸附法测得的比表面积200~300m2/g。
4.如权利要求1所述的防中子辐射材料的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤一,按比例提供累托石、二水石膏和硅酸盐水泥熟料;
步骤二,将步骤一来料分别研磨成粉,并混合,压制成型。
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