CN105116664A - Method for simultaneously achieving laser frequency doubling and line aggregation in optical superlattice - Google Patents

Method for simultaneously achieving laser frequency doubling and line aggregation in optical superlattice Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105116664A
CN105116664A CN201510613792.4A CN201510613792A CN105116664A CN 105116664 A CN105116664 A CN 105116664A CN 201510613792 A CN201510613792 A CN 201510613792A CN 105116664 A CN105116664 A CN 105116664A
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superlattice
freuqency doubling
ripple
laser freuqency
optical
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朱鼎
秦亦强
章晓波
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
    • G02F1/3544—Particular phase matching techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
    • H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
    • H01S3/109—Frequency multiplication, e.g. harmonic generation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/35—Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/353—Frequency conversion, i.e. wherein a light beam is generated with frequency components different from those of the incident light beams
    • G02F1/3544—Particular phase matching techniques
    • G02F1/3548—Quasi phase matching [QPM], e.g. using a periodic domain inverted structure

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for simultaneously achieving laser frequency doubling and line aggregation in an optical superlattice. The method comprises the following steps that 1, an upper inclined domain structure and a lower inclined domain structure with the same period are designed in the superlattice, and are distributed symmetric about the crystal light passing direction; 2, when fundamental waves are vertically shot into the superlattice in an incident mode, the upper half portion of the superlattice can generate laser frequency doubling waves bent downwards, the lower half portion of the superlattice can generate laser frequency doubling waves bent upwards, the laser frequency doubling waves generated by the upper half portion and the laser frequency doubling waves generated by the lower half portion are the same in bending angle and strength, and accordingly, a line focusing interference pattern similar to an axicon can be generated on the overlapped area of the upper half portion and the lower half portion; 3, after lasers enter the superlattice, reciprocal lattice vectors provided by the domain structures of the superlattice can compensate for wave vector mismatching between fundamental waves and the laser frequency doubling waves, and a triangle with matched wave vectors is formed. Frequency doubling of lasers and line aggregation are achieved simultaneously through the periodically-symmetric and inclined domain structures in the optical superlattice.

Description

A kind of method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice
Technical field
The present invention relates to the crossing domain of nonlinear optics and super crystal lattice material technology, particularly a kind of method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice.
Background technology
In the practical application such as LASER HEAT TREATMENT, cut, often need the light beam of line focus.In linear optics, usually utilize axle pyramid to realize the line focus of light beam.Axle pyramid, by bendings of inclining such as incident beam carry out, counteracts diffraction effect by the interference effect of light wave, makes the feature that the outgoing beam produced has near diffraction constant in certain distance, that is the line focus of light beam.But because axle pyramid is cone structure, therefore have that difficulty of processing is large, high in cost of production shortcoming, and the frequency transformation of laser cannot be realized.
Recently, there is people to gain enlightenment from Fresnel Lenses, produced Fresnel axle pyramid.Relative to traditional axle pyramid, Fresnel axle pyramid can be manufactured by plastics compressing tablet, and lightweight cost is low, is convenient to a large amount of production.Although there is the advantage that cost is low, due to the inherent shortcoming in principle, Fresnel axle pyramid there will be very low " cavity " district of a large amount of light intensity in interference region, and line focus beam quality does not have traditional axle pyramid high.
On the other hand, in nonlinear optics, based on the optical superlattice of quasi-phase matched principle design, can complete in a particular direction simultaneously laser frequency multiplication and frequently with the several functions such as difference frequency.Not long ago, the people such as the Qin Yiqiang of Nanjing University have expanded the function of optical superlattice further, are achieved the point focusing of frequency multiplication ripple by the design of domain structure, achieve the point focusing function of convex lens in linear optics by the method for nonlinear optics.
Utilize quasi-phase matched principle design optical superlattice, the line focus of laser is realized by the method for nonlinear optics, the shortcoming of axle pyramidal surface processed complex costliness can be overcome on the one hand, make the optical superlattice with any domain structure at low cost by the photoetching of maturation and polarization process; Can overcome again the shortcoming that Fresnel axle pyramid has diffraction cavity on the other hand, line focus beam quality is more excellent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, provides that a kind of integration degree is high, cost is low and in optical superlattice, realizes the method that laser freuqency doubling and line assemble simultaneously.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is, by the design of domain structure in optical superlattice, realizes the target of linear optics, specifically comprise the following steps by the principle of quasi-phase matched:
(1) in superlattice, design the domain structure of identical inclination of upper and lower two parts cycle, and with crystal optical direction for axle is symmetrically distributed;
(2) when in first-harmonic vertical incidence superlattice, the first half branch of described superlattice produces the laser freuqency doubling ripple of bending downwards, Lower Half branch produces the laser freuqency doubling ripple upwards bent, and the laser freuqency doubling ripple that the first half produces is identical with the bending angle of the laser freuqency doubling ripple that the latter half produces, intensity is identical; The line focus interference pattern being similar to axle pyramid will be produced like this at the overlapping region of the first half and the latter half;
(3) after laser enters superlattice, the reciprocal lattice vector that the domain structure of superlattice provides can compensate the wave vector mismatch between first-harmonic and laser freuqency doubling ripple, thus forms the triangle of wave vector coupling.
By technique scheme, in superlattice, design identical tilt domain structure of upper and lower two parts cycle (domain structure in superlattice is the leaf texture shape form that Cycle-symmetry tilts), and with crystal optical direction for axle is symmetrically distributed; When in first-harmonic vertical incidence superlattice, because upper and lower two parts domain structure has the reciprocal lattice vector of different directions, superlattice first half branch produces the frequency multiplication ripple of bending downwards, Lower Half branch produces the frequency multiplication ripple upwards bent, the bending angle of two parts laser is identical, intensity is identical, will produce the line focus interference pattern being similar to axle pyramid like this in both overlapping regions; After laser enters superlattice, owing to there is wave vector mismatch between first-harmonic and frequency multiplication ripple, the reciprocal lattice vector needing the domain structure of superlattice to provide makes up, owing to being non-colinear coupling, therefore the triangle of a wave vector coupling is formed, namely by the domain structure that Cycle-symmetry in optical superlattice tilts, with the wavelength of the cycle match laser of domain structure, regulate the length of line focus with the angle of inclination of domain structure, frequency multiplication and the line focus of laser can be realized simultaneously; Not only integration degree is high, and effectively can reduce production cost.
Further improvement is, the triangle of the wave vector coupling formed in described step (3), adopts K 1and K 2represent the wave vector of first-harmonic and laser freuqency doubling ripple respectively, G represents the wave vector K of the reciprocal lattice vector that the domain structure of superlattice provides, first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2under the condition of quasi-phase matched, a closed triangle is formed with reciprocal lattice vector G three.
Further improvement is, the angle that described base direction of wave travel and superlattice inner laser frequency multiplication direction of wave travel, the outer laser freuqency doubling direction of wave travel of superlattice are formed is respectively α and θ.
Further improvement is, the vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice is vertical with the direction of the reciprocal lattice vector G that superlattice domain structure provides, and the angle that the vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice and first-harmonic are formed is β.
Further improvement is, the vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice and the cycle of horizontal direction are respectively Λ 1and Λ 2, the wave vector K of reciprocal-vector lattice G and first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2relational expression be:
G = ( 4 K 1 2 + K 2 2 - 4 K 1 K 2 cos α ) ;
Periods lambda 1with the relational expression of G be: Λ 1=2 π/G;
Periods lambda 1with periods lambda 2relational expression be: Λ 2=Λ 1/ sin β;
And the angle that the vergence direction of domain structure and first-harmonic are formed is the wave vector K of β and reciprocal-vector lattice G and first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2relational expression be:
β+π/2＝arccos((4K 1 2+G 2-K 2 2)/4K 1G)；
Wherein n 2sin α=n 1the size of sin θ, θ is assembled length by the radius of incident first-harmonic and line and can be obtained; n 1, n 2be respectively laser freuqency doubling ripple in atmosphere with the refractive index in optical superlattice.
Further improvement is, the material of described superlattice is the distortion perovskite structural material of trigonal system or the non-linear optical crystal material of orthorhombic system.
As preferred version of the present invention, the distortion perovskite structural material of described trigonal system is lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, and the non-linear optical crystal material of described orthorhombic system is potassium titanium oxide phosphate.
As preferred version of the present invention, the wavelength of described first-harmonic is 1.064 μm; When the material of described superlattice is lithium niobate, coupling temperature is 150 DEG C.In order to avoid photorefractive effect, coupling temperature selects 150 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the principle that the present invention is based on nonlinear optics, instead of the manufacture of complicated optical surface with the preparation of superlattice domain structure; By the domain structure that Cycle-symmetry in optical superlattice tilts, frequency multiplication and the line focus of laser can be realized simultaneously; Not only integration degree is high, and effectively can reduce production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Further describe below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiments of the present invention:
Fig. 1 is laser times ripple line focus schematic diagram frequently in optical superlattice of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is light beam wave vector of the present invention coupling schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is for the domain structure Local map of lithium niobate superlattice;
Fig. 4 is that laser freuqency doubling ripple of the present invention propagates situation map outward at superlattice.
Embodiment
In optical superlattice, the method for laser freuqency doubling and line gathering should be realized simultaneously, specifically comprised the following steps:
(1) in superlattice, design the domain structure of identical inclination of upper and lower two parts cycle, and with crystal optical direction for axle is symmetrically distributed;
(2) when in first-harmonic vertical incidence superlattice, the first half branch of described superlattice produces the laser freuqency doubling ripple of bending downwards, Lower Half branch produces the laser freuqency doubling ripple upwards bent, and the laser freuqency doubling ripple that the first half produces is identical with the bending angle of the laser freuqency doubling ripple that the latter half produces, intensity is identical; The line focus interference pattern being similar to axle pyramid will be produced like this at the overlapping region of the first half and the latter half; As shown in Figure 1;
(3) after laser enters superlattice, the reciprocal lattice vector that the domain structure of superlattice provides can compensate the wave vector mismatch between first-harmonic and laser freuqency doubling ripple, thus forms the triangle of wave vector coupling.
The angle that described base direction of wave travel and superlattice inner laser frequency multiplication direction of wave travel, the outer laser freuqency doubling direction of wave travel of superlattice are formed is respectively α and θ; The vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice is vertical with the direction of the reciprocal lattice vector G that superlattice domain structure provides, and the angle that the vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice and first-harmonic are formed is β; The vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice and the cycle of horizontal direction are respectively Λ 1and Λ 2, the wave vector K of reciprocal-vector lattice G and first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2relational expression be:
G = ( 4 K 1 2 + K 2 2 - 4 K 1 K 2 cos α ) ;
Periods lambda 1with the relational expression of G be: Λ 1=2 π/G;
Periods lambda 1with periods lambda 2relational expression be: Λ 2=Λ 1/ sin β;
And the angle that the vergence direction of domain structure and first-harmonic are formed is the wave vector K of β and reciprocal-vector lattice G and first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2relational expression be:
β+π/2＝arccos((4K 1 2+G 2-K 2 2)/4K 1G)；
Wherein n 2sin α=n 1the size of sin θ, θ is assembled length by the radius of incident first-harmonic and line and can be obtained; n 1, n 2be respectively laser freuqency doubling ripple in atmosphere with the refractive index in optical superlattice.
For lithium niobate superlattice, for avoiding photorefractive effect, coupling temperature elects 150 DEG C as; First-harmonic chooses 1.064 conventional mum wavelength laser; Now in lithium niobate superlattice, first-harmonic refractive index is 2.161806, and frequency multiplication wave refraction rate is 2.242572, and the refractive index in air is 1; Superlattice length is set to 2mm, and first-harmonic diameter is set to 1mm, and line focus distance is set to 20cm; Can show that domain structure slope is 32.3059 according to Fig. 2 and above-mentioned formula, horizontal cycle is 6.58704 μm.Fig. 3 is the lithium niobate superlattice domain structure local pattern gone out according to these parameter designing.
The propagation condition of the frequency multiplication ripple of being simulated by centered Finite Difference Methods outside superlattice as shown in Figure 4, can be found out, the light wave propagation in this programme with interfere situation and axle pyramid very similar, laser energy has focused in the line-like area of broadcast center.Outside prime focus line, also there is the subsidiary interference striped similar with axle pyramid.Prime focus beam brightness is even, and quality is higher without cavity, and line focus length is longer, reaches application requirement.
The present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, as long as the optical maser wavelength of leading in optical range at superlattice can be applied; Coupling temperature is also not limited to 150 DEG C, as long as can eliminate the temperature of the photorefractive effect of superlattice.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (8)

1. in optical superlattice, realize a method for laser freuqency doubling and line gathering simultaneously, specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) in superlattice, design the domain structure of identical inclination of upper and lower two parts cycle, and with crystal optical direction for axle is symmetrically distributed;
(2) when in first-harmonic vertical incidence superlattice, the first half branch of described superlattice produces the laser freuqency doubling ripple of bending downwards, Lower Half branch produces the laser freuqency doubling ripple upwards bent, and the laser freuqency doubling ripple that the first half produces is identical with the bending angle of the laser freuqency doubling ripple that the latter half produces, intensity is identical; The line focus interference pattern being similar to axle pyramid will be produced like this at the overlapping region of the first half and the latter half;
(3) after laser enters superlattice, the reciprocal lattice vector that the domain structure of superlattice provides can compensate the wave vector mismatch between first-harmonic and laser freuqency doubling ripple, thus forms the triangle of wave vector coupling.
2. the method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the triangle of the wave vector coupling formed in described step (3), adopts K 1and K 2represent the wave vector of first-harmonic and laser freuqency doubling ripple respectively, G represents the wave vector K of the reciprocal lattice vector that the domain structure of superlattice provides, first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2under the condition of quasi-phase matched, a closed triangle is formed with reciprocal lattice vector G three.
3. the method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the angle that described base direction of wave travel and superlattice inner laser frequency multiplication direction of wave travel, the outer laser freuqency doubling direction of wave travel of superlattice are formed is respectively α and θ.
4. the method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice is vertical with the direction of the reciprocal lattice vector G that superlattice domain structure provides, and the angle that the vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice and first-harmonic are formed is β.
5. the method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the vergence direction of the domain structure of described superlattice and the cycle of horizontal direction are respectively Λ 1and Λ 2, the wave vector K of reciprocal-vector lattice G and first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2relational expression be:
Periods lambda 1with the relational expression of G be: Λ 1=2 π/G;
Periods lambda 1with periods lambda 2relational expression be: Λ 2=Λ 1/ sin β;
And the angle that the vergence direction of domain structure and first-harmonic are formed is the wave vector K of β and reciprocal-vector lattice G and first-harmonic 1with the wave vector K of laser freuqency doubling ripple 2relational expression be:
β+π/2＝arccos((4K 1 2+G 2-K 2 2)/4K 1G)；
Wherein n 2sin α=n 1the size of sin θ, θ is assembled length by the radius of incident first-harmonic and line and can be obtained; n 1, n 2be respectively laser freuqency doubling ripple in atmosphere with the refractive index in optical superlattice.
6. the method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice according to any one of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, the material of described superlattice is the distortion perovskite structural material of trigonal system or the non-linear optical crystal material of orthorhombic system.
7. the method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the distortion perovskite structural material of described trigonal system is lithium niobate or lithium tantalate, and the non-linear optical crystal material of described orthorhombic system is potassium titanium oxide phosphate.
8. the method simultaneously realizing laser freuqency doubling and line gathering in optical superlattice according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the wavelength of described first-harmonic is 1.064 μm; When the material of described superlattice is lithium niobate, coupling temperature is 150 DEG C.
CN201510613792.4A 2015-09-23 2015-09-23 Method for simultaneously achieving laser frequency doubling and line aggregation in optical superlattice Pending CN105116664A (en)

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Application publication date: 20151202