CN111641097A - Waveguide type electro-optic modulation terahertz wave generator based on lithium niobate crystal - Google Patents
Waveguide type electro-optic modulation terahertz wave generator based on lithium niobate crystal Download PDFInfo
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- CN111641097A CN111641097A CN202010422054.2A CN202010422054A CN111641097A CN 111641097 A CN111641097 A CN 111641097A CN 202010422054 A CN202010422054 A CN 202010422054A CN 111641097 A CN111641097 A CN 111641097A
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium niobate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Nb](=O)=O GQYHUHYESMUTHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004038 photonic crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012237 artificial material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S1/00—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
- H01S1/02—Masers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range solid
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafast terahertz, and aims to improve the generation efficiency and directivity of THz waves, obtain high-power and high-quality THz waves and realize the output power of electro-optically modulated THz waves at the same time. The output pulse of the femtosecond laser pumping source firstly passes through a half wave plate, the polarization direction of the output pulse is selected to be parallel to the long axis direction of a two-dimensional waveguide surface, then the output pulse passes through a beam expanding and collimating device, then the output pulse forms a linear light source through a cylindrical lens, the linear light source is focused on the incident surface of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal, THz wave is generated in the lithium niobate crystal through an optical rectification effect, the THz wave is transmitted along the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate, the conversion from the optical wave to the THz wave is realized through the group velocity matching of the pumping light and the THz wave and the waveguide action, and then the THz wave is output after the long. The invention is mainly applied to design and manufacture occasions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafast terahertz. In particular to a waveguide type electro-optic modulation terahertz wave generator based on lithium niobate crystals.
Technical Field
Terahertz wave(THz，1THz＝1012Hz) generally refers to electromagnetic waves having a frequency in the range of 0.1THz to 10THz, between the far infrared and microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum. Compared with electromagnetic waves of other wave bands, the THz wave has unique advantages: cosmic background radiation, the rotational energy levels and vibrational energy levels of many organic macromolecules, especially biological macromolecules, lie in the THz band. The ultrafast THz pulse has the advantages of transient property, broadband property, coherence, low energy property and the like, and shows good application prospect in the fields of imaging, nondestructive detection, security inspection, physicochemical analysis and the like [1-3 ]]. Currently, THz emission sources, THz imaging, and THz devices are the focus of research in this field.
In recent years, great development has been made in THz sources, THz detection, THz imaging, THz devices, and the like. On one hand, the output power of the ultrafast broadband THz wave radiation source based on optical methods such as optical rectification [1], photoconductive antenna [2], air plasma [3] and difference frequency [4] is greatly improved. On the other hand, research on modulation and control techniques of THz waves has also become one of the research hotspots, such as: temperature control, light control, magnetic control, electric control, etc. [5-8 ]. At present, semiconductor materials, graphene, phase change materials, various artificial materials (metamaterials, plasmons and photonic crystals) and combined devices thereof are mostly adopted in the active regulation and control technology, and most of THz generation materials are semiconductor materials, nonlinear organic crystal materials and crystal materials. In addition, in the THz generation technology, the waveguide structure is also an effective means for enhancing the THz generation rate and improving the THz wave nonlinearity, and the THz generation material is generally made into a 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional waveguide form, so that the effective enhancement of the THz output can be obtained [9-11 ].
However, the THz generation technology and the regulation and control technology are separated, that is, the THz generator generates THz waves, and the THz waves are incident on the regulation and control material and then subjected to regulation and control operation. Therefore, the whole THz regulation system is relatively complex in structure and large in volume. However, the fabrication of THz-producing materials into 1-dimensional waveguides or "sandwich" structured 2-dimensional waveguides also requires special processing and processing flows, adding additional cost and complexity to the implementation.
Reference documents:
1 Nahat A,Heinz T F.Generation of subpicosecond electrical pulses byoptical rectification,Opt Lett,1998,23(11):867～869.
2 Ropagnol X,Morandotti R,Ozaki T,et al.Toward High-Power TerahertzEmitters Using Large Aperture ZnSe Photoconductive Antennas,IEEE Photon J,2011,3(2):174～186.
3 Thomson M D,Kre M,
T,et al.Broadband THz emission from gasplasmas induced by femtosecond optical pulses:From fundamentals toapplications,Laser&Photon Rev,2007,1(4):349～368.
new development of 4 diesel, bodhuca, chestnut rock front, etc. difference frequency tunable terahertz technology, physical report 2016, 65(7):070702
5 Wen Q Y,Zhang H W,Yang Q H,et al.,Terahertz metamaterial with VO2cut-wires for thermal tenability,Appl.Phys.Lett.,2010,97(2):021111.
6 Nikolaenko A E,Papasimakis N,Chipouline A,et al.,THz bandwidthoptical switching with carbon nanotube metamaterial,Opt.Express,2012,20(6):6068～6079.
7 Jin B,Zhang C,Engelbrecht S,et al.,Low loss and magnetic field-tunable superconducting terahertz metamaterial,Opt.Express,2010,18(16):17504～17509.
8 Chen H T,Padilla W J,Zide J M O,et al.,Active terahertzmetamaterial devices,Naure,2006,444(7119):597～600
9 Nishizawa J I,Suto K,Tanabe T,et al.,THz generation from GaP rod-type waveguides,IEEE Photo.Tech.Lett.,2007,19(3):143～145.
10 Kukushkin V A,Efficient generation of terahertz pulses from singleinfrared beams in C/GaAs/C waveguiding heterpstructures,J Opt.Soc.Am.B,2006,23(12):2528～2534.
11 Bodrov S B,Stepanov A N,Bakunov M I,et al.,Highly efficientoptical-to-terahertz conversion in a sandwich structure with LiNbO3 core,Opt.Express,2009,17(3):1871～1879.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waveguide type electro-optical modulation THz wave generator. The THz generator can obviously improve the generation efficiency and the directivity of THz waves, obtain the THz waves with high power and high quality, and can apply variable half-wave voltage through the lateral electrodes, thereby realizing the electro-optical modulation of the output power of the THz waves. Therefore, the invention adopts the technical scheme that a waveguide type electro-optic modulation terahertz wave generator based on lithium niobate crystals has the following structure: the output pulse of the femtosecond laser pumping source firstly passes through a half wave plate, the polarization direction of the output pulse is selected to be parallel to the long axis direction of a two-dimensional waveguide surface, then the output pulse passes through a beam expanding and collimating device, then the output pulse forms a linear light source through a cylindrical lens, the linear light source is focused on the incident surface of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal, THz wave is generated in the lithium niobate crystal through an optical rectification effect, the THz wave is transmitted along the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate, the conversion from the optical wave to the THz wave and the constraint on the exit direction of the THz wave are realized through the group velocity matching of pumping light and the THz wave and the waveguide action, a metal electrode is plated on the lateral side of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated crystal device, the generated THz wave is converged by a parabolic mirror pair.
The output THz wave enters a THz detector to measure THz power and electric field amplitude.
The femtosecond laser pumping source is a photonic crystal fiber femtosecond laser amplifier; the half wave plate is made of quartz material, and the wavelength is 1030-1060 nm; the beam expanding and collimating device is a telescope system formed by two lenses, and the beam expanding ratio is determined according to the size of an incident plane of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal; the expanded laser is compressed into linear beam by the cylindrical lens and converged to the waveguide type electro-optical modulation lithium niobate crystal.
The focal length of the THz cylindrical lens is determined according to the size of the incident plane of the used waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal, and the THz cylindrical lens is a polyethylene lens.
The waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal is composed of a flaky lithium niobate crystal, the size of an incident plane of the crystal is 1 x 10mm, the length of the incident plane is 10mm in the z direction in an x-y plane, the c axis of the crystal is in the y direction, an emergent plane of the crystal is cut according to the Cherenkov wave surface of the THz wave in the crystal, and metal electrodes are plated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flaky crystal.
The parabolic mirror pair is formed by oppositely arranging two metal film off-axis parabolic mirrors, and the THz detector is a commercial Golay detector Golay-cell and an electro-optical sampling balance detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical characteristics and effects that:
(1) based on the special design of the THz wave transmitter of a single sheet lithium niobate crystal, metal film electrodes are plated on the upper and lower surfaces of a plane by utilizing the geometric shape of a 2-dimensional waveguide of the sheet lithium niobate crystal; (2) the metal film electrode has two functions, namely applying modulation voltage (variable half-wave voltage) to the flaky lithium niobate crystal, and reflecting THz wave to enhance the 2-dimensional waveguide function of the flaky crystal; (3) the device organically integrates the THz generating crystal and the waveguide together, effectively improves the THz wave output power of the monolithic lithium niobate crystal, compresses the divergence angle of the output THz wave, but does not increase any process complexity and volume; (3) the device combines the THz generating crystal with the piezoelectric function, can simultaneously regulate and control the output power of THz waves through the electro-optical modulation function in the THz generating process instead of THz generating and modulating separately, and greatly reduces the complexity and the volume of a system; (4) compared with other THz regulation and control methods, the method has the advantages that the fastest response time is realized for the THz wave regulation and control by utilizing the electro-optical modulation, and the main advantage of the regulation and control effect of the device is realized; (5) compared with the original system for generating THz based on lithium niobate crystals, the system has multiple functions without increasing any difficulty and volume, and improves the THz generation efficiency and beam quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1 femtosecond laser pumping source; 2 a half wave plate; 3 expanding and collimating; a 4-cylinder lens; 5 waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal; 6 parabolic mirror pair; 7THz cylindrical lenses; 8THz detector.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal.
Detailed Description
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, a waveguide type electro-optic modulation THz wave generator based on lithium niobate crystal, the THz wave generator comprises: the output pulse of the femtosecond laser pumping source 1 passes through a half wave plate 2, then passes through a beam expanding and collimating device 3, then passes through a cylindrical lens 4, and is incident to an incident end face 5 of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal, the generated THz wave is output from the other end face through the waveguide action and the voltage modulation action of the cylindrical lens 5, the output THz wave is converged by a parabolic mirror pair 6, then is compressed in the long axis direction through the THz cylindrical lens, and finally, the THz detector is used for measuring the power or the electric field (frequency spectrum). The method is characterized in that:
the working wavelength of the femtosecond laser pumping source 1 is 1.030-1.050 mu m, the pulse repetition frequency is 30-60MHz, the pulse width is 20-200fs, and the average output power is 10-60W.
The half wave plate 2 is made of quartz material and has a working wavelength of 1050 nm.
The beam expanding and collimating device 3 has a beam expanding ratio of 1:10 and is coated with an antireflection film for pump light.
The focal length of the cylindrical lens 4 is 50-100mm, and antireflection films for pump light are plated on two surfaces of the cylindrical lens.
The waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal 5 is formed by plating a metal electrode on both the upper and lower surfaces of a sheet-like lithium niobate crystal.
The parabolic mirror pair 6 is formed by a pair of metal off-axis parabolic mirrors.
The THz cylindrical lens is made of polyethylene materials, and the focal length is 50-100 mm.
The above-described THz detectors are commercial Golay-cell and electro-optic sampling balance detectors, which are used for THz power and electric field (spectrum) measurements, respectively.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As unit 1 of FIG. 1, it is a photonic crystal fiber femtosecond laser amplification system (it can also be other type femtosecond laser source), its working wavelength is 1.03-1.05 μm, pulse repetition frequency is 30-60MHz, and average output power is 10-60W. The unit 2 is a half wave plate made of quartz material and is used for selecting the polarization direction of the pumping source to be parallel to the long axis direction of the incident plane of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal (the wave plate can also be placed in front of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal). The pump light passes through the unit 3 to be expanded beam and collimator, wherein the focal length of the ocular lens is 20mm, the focal length of the objective lens is 200mm, and the anti-reflection film for the wavelength of the pump source is plated. The laser beam is expanded from 1mm diameter to 10mm quasi-parallel (the expansion ratio of the cell 3 is also variable). The expanded and collimated pump light is focused into a linear light source form through a cylindrical lens which is plated with an anti-reflection film for the wavelength of the pump source and has a focal length of 50-100mm in the unit 4, and then is incident into a waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal in the unit 5. The waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal of the unit 5 is composed of a flaky lithium niobate crystal doped with 5% of magnesium oxide, the size of the incident surface of the crystal is 1 multiplied by 10mm (in an x-y plane), the length is 10mm (in a z direction), the c axis of the crystal is vertical to the paper surface (in a y direction), the emergent surface of the crystal is cut according to the Cherenkov wave surface of the THz wave in the crystal, anti-reflection films for the wavelength of a pumping source are plated on the incident surface and the emergent surface, and metal electrodes are plated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flaky crystal, as shown in figure 2. The metal electrode not only provides modulation voltage, but also forms a metal waveguide, and plays a role in enhancing THz generation efficiency and beam quality. In the modulation process, plus or minus half-wave voltage (+ -600V) is added between the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal of the unit 5 to achieve the maximum phase change amount, and the voltage alternating frequency can be tuned. The THz wave emitted by the unit 5 is perpendicular to an emitting surface of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal cut along the Cerenkov wave surface, is collected and focused by a pair of metal film off-axis parabolic mirrors of the unit 6, and is compressed along the long axis direction by using a polyethylene cylindrical lens of the unit 7 with the focal length of 50-100mm to enter a detector unit 8. The THz detectors are commercially available Golay-cells (or other types of bolometers) and electro-optical sampling balanced detectors (which may also employ photoconductive antenna detection) for outputting THz power and electric field (spectral) measurements, respectively.
Claims (6)
1. A waveguide type electro-optic modulation terahertz wave generator based on lithium niobate crystals is characterized by comprising the following structures: the output pulse of the femtosecond laser pumping source firstly passes through a half wave plate, the polarization direction of the output pulse is selected to be parallel to the long axis direction of a two-dimensional waveguide surface, then the output pulse passes through a beam expanding and collimating device, then the output pulse forms a linear light source through a cylindrical lens, the linear light source is focused on the incident surface of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal, THz wave is generated in the lithium niobate crystal through an optical rectification effect, the THz wave is transmitted along the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate, the conversion from the optical wave to the THz wave and the constraint on the exit direction of the THz wave are realized through the group velocity matching of pumping light and the THz wave and the waveguide action, a metal electrode is plated on the lateral side of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated crystal device, the generated THz wave is converged by a parabolic mirror pair.
2. The waveguide-type electro-optically modulated terahertz wave generator based on a lithium niobate crystal according to claim 1, wherein the output THz wave enters a THz detector to measure the THz power and the electric field amplitude.
3. The waveguide-type electro-optically modulated terahertz wave generator based on lithium niobate crystals as set forth in claim 1, wherein the femtosecond laser pumping source is a photonic crystal fiber femtosecond laser amplifier; the half wave plate is made of quartz material, and the wavelength is 1030-1060 nm; the beam expanding and collimating device is a telescope system formed by two lenses, and the beam expanding ratio is determined according to the size of an incident plane of the waveguide type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal; the expanded laser is compressed into linear beam by the cylindrical lens and converged to the waveguide type electro-optical modulation lithium niobate crystal.
4. The waveguide-type electro-optically modulated terahertz wave generator based on a lithium niobate crystal according to claim 1, wherein the THz cylindrical lens has a focal length determined according to the size of the incident plane of the waveguide-type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal used, and is a polyethylene lens.
5. The waveguide-type electro-optically modulated terahertz wave generator based on a lithium niobate crystal according to claim 1, wherein the waveguide-type electro-optically modulated lithium niobate crystal is composed of a sheet-like lithium niobate crystal, an incident plane of the crystal has a size of 1 x 10mm and is in an x-y plane, a length in a z direction is 10mm, a c axis of the crystal is in a y direction, an exit plane of the crystal is cut according to a cherenkov wave plane of a THz wave in the crystal, and metal electrodes are plated on upper and lower surfaces of the sheet-like crystal.
6. The waveguide-type electro-optically modulated terahertz wave generator based on the lithium niobate crystal as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parabolic mirror pair is two metal film off-axis parabolic mirrors which are oppositely arranged, and the THz detector is a commercial Golay-cell Golay detector and an electro-optical sampling balance detector.
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| CN112164965A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-01 | 天津大学 | Wide-tuning high-efficiency terahertz source based on collinear phase matching difference frequency of zinc telluride crystals |
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| CN103594908A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2014-02-19 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | THz wave generating device based on optical rectification Cherenkov effect |
| CN103872555B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2016-04-20 | 天津大学 | Based on the high power THz generator of monolithic lithium columbate crystal |
| JP2016085396A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-05-19 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Short optical pulse generation device, terahertz wave generation device, camera, imaging device, and measurement device |
| CN106936053A (en) * | 2017-03-17 | 2017-07-07 | 湖北久之洋红外系统股份有限公司 | A kind of terahertz emission source device |
| CN107561818B (en) * | 2017-10-19 | 2023-09-26 | 北京航空航天大学 | Terahertz pulse generation device and method based on transmission grating inclined wavefront |
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| CN112164965A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-01 | 天津大学 | Wide-tuning high-efficiency terahertz source based on collinear phase matching difference frequency of zinc telluride crystals |
| CN112164965B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2024-06-07 | 天津大学 | Wide tuning high-efficiency terahertz source based on zinc telluride crystal collinear phase matching difference frequency |
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