CN105116471B - Photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge - Google Patents
Photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN105116471B CN105116471B CN201510466985.1A CN201510466985A CN105116471B CN 105116471 B CN105116471 B CN 105116471B CN 201510466985 A CN201510466985 A CN 201510466985A CN 105116471 B CN105116471 B CN 105116471B
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- rainfall
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge, including set storehouse, it is arranged on the rainfall bucket above set storehouse, processor, power supply, some funnel bins are provided with the set storehouse, door is provided with below each funnel bin, door is connected with drive mechanism, each funnel bin connects a float cavity, float is provided with float cavity, provided with switch above float cavity, float is used for trigger switch, switch the drive mechanism work of the funnel bin door for controlling to connect with current float cavity, processor is connected with switch and/or funnel bin door driving part, funnel bin passes sequentially through overfall connection, power supply is powered for electronic component.The present invention is by multiple isobaric equivalent and be capable of the funnel of overflow successively rainwater is drained, and precipitation rainfall and rainfall intensity can be monitored in real time, and can record any rain condition truly online, is easy to report to the real rainfall data of popular real-time release and rainfall raininess.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rainfall metering engineering device technique field, and in particular to a kind of photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge.
Background technology
Rainfall gauge is the instrument that meteorologist and hydrologist are used for measuring the precipitation in somewhere in a period of time.At present
The common rainfall of in the market is in respect of hydrocone type, tipping bucket type, three kinds of Weighing type.Siphon rainfall recorder is China at present using most universal
Pluviograph device, it is mainly continuously measured rainfall using siphon principle.During long-term use it was found that
The measurement error of siphon rainfall recorder is larger, itself main reason is that, when siphon occurs for instrument, siphon lasts interior rainfall,
Do not measured, but as instrument is discharged in siphon together.So when external rainfall intensity is big, its measurement error will
Increase, therefore, siphon rainfall recorder is classified as obsolete product by country.The operation principle of tipping-bucket rain-gauge is relatively simple,
By set in mechanical bistable property tipping bucket, when precipitation to it is a certain amount of when, tipping bucket balance destroys, overturn, finally fall
Enter in weighing hopper.Because tipping bucket is mechanical motion mode, is easily spilt in the switching process moderate rain water capacity and lose certain rainfall, separately
Outside, when raininess is excessive, it may occur that tipping bucket has little time the situation of upset, and this has resulted in the further expansion of error, therefore, tipping bucket
The udometric precision of formula also is difficult to meet rainfall metering requirements for high precision.The weighing type rain gauge precision of current China can not be met
Technical need, and imported product price is high, it is difficult to popularize, therefore it is higher and moderate to be badly in need of a kind of precision of design at present
Rainfall metering device.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention discloses a kind of photoelectric metering formula formula rainfall gauge, by multiple isobaric equivalent and
The funnel for being capable of overflow successively is drained to rainwater, by draining the time that the funnel quantity and each funnel of rainwater are drained
Measure raininess and rainfall size.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge, including set storehouse, the rainfall bucket being arranged on above set storehouse, processor, power supply,
It is provided with the set storehouse below some funnel bins, each funnel bin and is provided with door, door is connected with drive mechanism, and each funnel bin is equal
Connect and be provided with a float cavity, the float cavity above float, float cavity provided with switch, the float is used for trigger switch, institute
State switch be used for control connect with current float cavity funnel bin door drive mechanism work, the processor and switch and/
Or funnel bin door driving part is connected, the funnel bin passes sequentially through overfall connection, and the power supply is powered for electronic component.
Further, in addition to processor the wireless signal transmission being connected.
Further, in addition to electric heating element, the electric heating element is used to heat funnel bin.
Further, in addition to temperature control element, the temperature control element is connected with electric heating element.
Further, in addition to rainfall bucket and weighing apparatus, rainfall bucket is arranged on below set storehouse, the weighing scale
Device is arranged on rainfall bucket lower section.
Further, in addition to last funnel bin, overfall is equipped with remaining funnel bin side wall.
Further, each overflow open height is equal.
Further, in addition to first funnel bin, it is equipped with remaining funnel bin side wall and adjacent funnel bin overfall phase
Logical water inlet.
Further, the switch is located in float course.
Further, the switch is optoelectronic switch or magnetic switch or proximity switch.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that and beneficial effect：
The invention provides a kind of brand-new rainfall gauge structure, precipitation rainfall and rainfall intensity can be monitored in real time, and can
Record any rain condition truly online, be easy to the real rainfall raininess report of popular real-time release.It is and existing in metering process
The hydrocone type error that compared with tipping-bucket rain-gauge is smaller, especially when raininess is larger, passes through cleverly overflow, it is to avoid
The loss of rainwater, so as to avoid the further expansion of error, comparing existing procucts substantially has superiority.
Brief description of the drawings
The photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge structural representation that Fig. 1 provides for the present invention；
Fig. 2 for Fig. 1 A-A to sectional view, i.e. funnel bin and float chamber structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is funnel bin door partial schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is electronic component connection diagram in rainfall gauge.
Reference numerals list：
1- standard rainfall gauges, 2- overfalls, 3- set storehouse, 4- electric heating elements, 5- temperature control elements, 6- rainfall bucket, 7- weighs
Weighing apparatus, 8- switches, 9- floats, 10- float cavities, 11- doors, 12- funnel bins, 13- water inlets, 14- drive mechanisms.
Embodiment
The technical scheme provided below with reference to specific embodiment the present invention is described in detail, it should be understood that following specific
Embodiment is only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Refer to the photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge structural representation shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, wherein rainfall gauge main body
Including the standard rainfall gauges 1 of Ф 200 for being arranged on top and the set storehouse 3 for being arranged on the lower section of standard rainfall gauge 1.Explanation is needed to gather
It is respectively the first funnel bin, the second funnel bin, the 3rd funnel bin, the 4th from left to right provided with 4 funnel bins 12 in storehouse 3, in Fig. 1
Funnel bin, wherein, the first funnel bin is arranged on the lower section of standard rainfall gauge 1.These shapes of funnel bin 12, size are identical, with phase
Same capacity, the bell mouth size that bottom has is consistent with each other, therefore the unit interval excretion flow of each funnel bin 12 is also complete
It is exactly the same.Funnel bin 12 is preferably placed on same plane.
Each hopper design for it is isobaric, etc. flow, the pressure of each funnel is：
P∝Vρ
In formula, V --- the density of funnel volume, ρ --- water,
Funnel bottom outlet is circular knife edge shape, and the radius of outlet at bottom is R, then funnel flow is：
Q∝πR2
Each funnel bin 12 connects, float cavity contour with the water surface in float cavity 10 in a float cavity 10, funnel bin 12
A float 9 is provided with 10, each top of float cavity 10 is additionally provided with switch 8, and this is can trigger when float 9 rises to certain altitude and is opened
8 are closed, 8 controlling switches 8 of switch are preferred to use optoelectronic switch 8, magnetic switch 8 or proximity switch 8, without directly being contacted with float 9
It can trigger.Door 11 is equipped with each funnel bin 12, door 11 is connected with the drive mechanism 14 that can be opened and closed door 11, floats
The switch 8 of the triggering of son 9 can control the drive mechanism 14, so as to control 12 door of funnel bin 11 dozens being connected with the float cavity 10
Open or close and close：When float 9 rises to the top of float 9 with the water surface in float cavity 10 reaches 8 position of switch, door 11 is opened, leakage
Hopper 12 drains rainwater, when float 9, which declines, rises to the top of float 9 less than 8 position of switch with the water surface in float cavity 10, door
11 close, and funnel bin 12 stops draining.Processor is able to record that each water discharge time of funnel bin 12, specifically, and processor can be with
Switch 8 is connected, and records the opening/closing time of each switch 8；Can also be connected with drive mechanism 14, obtain drive mechanism 14 open and
The time of closing, the time that both the above mode can obtain each door 11 of funnel bin 12 opening (obtains in the second
The time arrived is more accurate), the rainfall discharged further according to the unit interval of funnel bin 12 is calculated, you can obtain each funnel bin
12 rainfall discharged altogether.12 mouthfuls of sizes of funnel bin are preferably in the same size with the udometric discharge outlet of standard.Processor passes through electricity
Source powers, and because rainfall gauge is generally arranged at field, therefore can be powered using battery or solar photovoltaic power.When power supply is
During battery, door drive mechanism 14 is designed as permanent-magnet material drive mechanism to reduce energy consumption；When power supply uses photo-voltaic power supply,
It is relatively simple then the structure of door 11 to be opened with motor driving.Processor can be connected with wireless signal transmission, and can external day
Line, in real time can so work online rainfall gauge state --- just in the quantity of funnel bin 12 and each funnel bin 12 of draining
Water discharge time is transmitted to weather monitoring station.
4 funnel bins 12 are arranged successively, and adjacent two funnel bin 12 is communicated with each other by overfall 2, specifically, the first leakage
Hopper 12 is located at the lower section of standard rainfall gauge 1, for accepting the rainwater discharged from standard rainfall gauge 1, except last funnel
Storehouse --- i.e. outside the 4th funnel bin, all there is height identical overfall 2, except first on the first~the 3rd funnel bin side wall
Outside funnel bin, the second~the 4th funnel bin all has the water inlet being connected with the adjacent previous overfall 2 of funnel bin 12, water inlet
It is contour with overfall 2.When rainwater highly exceedes the bottom level of overfall 2 (calling the height of overfall 2 in the following text) in current funnel bin 12,
Rainwater is flowed in adjacent next funnel bin 12 by overfall 2 and water inlet.It should be noted that due to higher than overfall
2 stormwater overflow is into other funnel bins 12, therefore the actual capacity of funnel bin 12 is influenceed by the height of overfall 2, funnel bin 12
Capacity should be measured with the part of funnel bin 12 of the lower section of overfall 2.
Water surface elevation during 9 trigger switch 8 of float should be equal to or less than the trigger switch of float 9 in the height of overfall 2, this example
Water surface elevation is highly equal with overfall 2 when 8, when water surface elevation reaches 2 height of overfall in current funnel bin 12, due to water
Tension force, the water at overfall 2 is not flowed out also to next funnel bin 12, but now switch 8 is triggered, and current 12 mouthfuls of funnel bin is beaten
Open, current funnel bin 12 starts draining, and when raininess increases, first funnel bin 12 can not meet rain drainage, current funnel
The water surface is still raised in storehouse 12, and current funnel bin 12 is to adjacent next overflow of funnel bin 12, when floating that next funnel bin 12 is connected
In sub- chamber 10 during 9 trigger switch 8 of float, next door 11 of funnel bin 12 starts to arrange rain, and by that analogy, raininess persistently increases
When, the door 11 of each funnel bin 12 from it is near to remote (the using in Fig. 1 first funnel bin be near, and the 4th funnel bin is remote) one by one opening and to
Next overflow of funnel bin 12, when raininess is gradually reduced, each overfall 2 tapers off overflow, each door 11 of funnel bin 12 from as far as
Closely close successively.It is obvious that the quantity of funnel bin 12 and raininess of draining are proportional, therefore, it is by the quantity of water drain funnel storehouse 12
Raininess can easily be judged.This rainfall gauge can record rain condition truly online, when no 12 draining of funnel bin, then it is believed that rainfall
Stop, when there is 12 draining of funnel bin, then have rainfall, by wireless signal transmission, real-time raininess and rainfall data
Also it can transmit to Surveillance center, be easy to the real rainfall raininess report of popular real-time release.
Obviously, the capacity of funnel bin 12 should not be too big, otherwise can remain excessive rainwater, the capacity of funnel bin 12 also should not mistake
It is small, it is however generally that, it is defined so that national small rainfall can be accommodated, specifically, for example, small rainfall is as defined in national weather standard
Rainfall per hour is less than or equal to m milliliters, then the capacity of funnel bin 12 is preferably designed for：
Funnel holding capacity of bin=π R2× 4/3600t=n × 3.14 × 1002/3600
The quantity of funnel bin 12 is not using quantity in scheming as limitation, the rainfall for setting the measurable raininess of more funnel bins 12 bigger
Amount, those skilled in that art are combined into each side such as sheet, environment factor and set appropriate number of funnel bin 12, funnel bin 12
Drain the overall calculation formula of rainfall as follows：
Finally, the rainwater of residual is had in funnel bin 12, each residual of funnel bin 12 rainfall sum is as follows：
Finally when calculating actual rainfall, funnel bin 12 should be added on the basis of each discharge of funnel bin 12 rainwater is calculated
Interior residual rainfall is just more accurate.
In Fig. 1, the lower section of set storehouse 3 is additionally provided with rainfall bucket 6, and the lower section of rainfall bucket 6 is provided with weighing apparatus 7, from funnel bin 12
The rainwater of middle discharge enters in rainfall bucket 6, and weighing apparatus 7 is weighed to the water in rainfall bucket 6, available for this udometric mistake
Difference is analysed and calibration, and actual use moderate rain measuring tank 6 and weighing apparatus 7 are not the part that must be used.
In addition, it is contemplated that easily producing frost during northern rainfall, electric heating element 4 is preferably provided with each funnel bin, is used
Heated in funnel bin, prevent in storehouse rainwater to freeze to lead to not discharge, electric heating element 4 is connected with temperature control element 5, can be
Temperature (can preset, such as 0 DEG C, 2 DEG C) just startup electric heating element 4 when being less than to a certain degree, reach energy-saving effect.Temperature control member
Part can be connected with processor, form overall control.
We carry out metering experiment using rainfall gauge in the present invention, and the present apparatus is placed in into field, in rainfall, raininess
Gradually rain is gradually decrease to again stops completely from as low as big, the just quantity of funnel bin 12 in draining and each draining of funnel bin 12
Time, the first funnel bin working time (i.e. door 11 opens row's rain time) was t by real-time Transmission to weather monitoring station1, first
The draining rainfall of funnel bin 12 is M1=π R2t1, the second funnel bin, the 3rd funnel bin, the 4th funnel bin working time are respectively t2、
t3、t4Therefore gross rainfall is：
Rainfall size M and flow Q and time t is linear relationship, therefore also can be intuitively expressed as with the type point of Pearson came III
The M-t figures of Butut distribution.
Preferably, also needing, plus the rainwater remained in each funnel bin 12, in float cavity 10 and in set storehouse, to be only
More accurate rainwater total amount.These residual rainwaters can be calculated by analyzing after calibration.
Technological means disclosed in the present invention program is not limited only to the technological means disclosed in above-mentioned embodiment, in addition to
Constituted technical scheme is combined by above technical characteristic.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
For, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also considered as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge, it is characterised in that：Including set storehouse, the rainfall bucket being arranged on above set storehouse, place
Manage and some funnel bins be provided with device, power supply, the set storehouse, be provided with door below each funnel bin, door is connected with drive mechanism,
Each funnel bin, which is connected, to be provided with above float, float cavity in a float cavity, the float cavity provided with switch, and the float is used to touch
Hair switch, the drive mechanism work for switching the funnel bin door for controlling to connect with current float cavity, the processor
It is connected with switch and/or funnel bin door driving part, the funnel bin passes sequentially through overfall connection, the power supply is electronics
Power elements.
2. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is wireless also including what is be connected with processor
Signal transmitting apparatus.
3. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Also include electric heating element, the electricity
Thermal element is used to heat funnel bin.
4. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：Also include temperature control element, the temperature control
Element is connected with electric heating element.
5. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Also include rainfall bucket and weighing scale
Device, the rainfall bucket is arranged on below set storehouse, and the weighing apparatus is arranged on rainfall bucket lower section.
6. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In addition to last funnel bin, remaining
Overfall is equipped with the wall of funnel bin side.
7. the photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that：Each overflow open height is equal.
8. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In addition to first funnel bin, remaining leakage
The water inlet communicated with adjacent funnel bin overfall is equipped with the wall of hopper side.
9. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The switch is located at float course
On.
10. photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The switch is optoelectronic switch or magnetic
Property switch or proximity switch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510466985.1A CN105116471B (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2015-07-31 | Photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge |
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| CN201510466985.1A CN105116471B (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2015-07-31 | Photoelectric metering formula rainfall gauge |
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| CN105116471A CN105116471A (en) | 2015-12-02 |
| CN105116471B true CN105116471B (en) | 2017-07-21 |
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Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001318169A (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-16 | Masami Ikebe | Rainfall intensity measuring rain gauge |
| KR100947450B1 (en) * | 2009-09-07 | 2010-03-11 | 김창구 | Rain gauge |
| CN102236112A (en) * | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-09 | 周叔一 | Drainage type ombrometer |
| KR101146330B1 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2012-05-21 | 강릉원주대학교산학협력단 | Multi-tipping bucket rain recorder |
| CN102393540B (en) * | 2011-09-05 | 2013-07-03 | 河海大学 | Magnetic suspension rainfall intensity recorder |
| JP2013057644A (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-28 | Toshiba Corp | Telemeter observation device |
| CN102496240B (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-08-07 | 南京葛南实业有限公司 | Mud-rock flow early warning system |
| CN104503001B (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2017-01-11 | 长安大学 | Method for measuring rainfall intensity in real time by using tipping-bucket rain gauge |
| CN204882908U (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-16 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Photoelectricity measurement formula hyetometer |
| CN105425321B (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-10-03 | 河海大学 | Full-automatic tilting bucket rain titrator |
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- 2015-07-31 CN CN201510466985.1A patent/CN105116471B/en active Active
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Effective date of registration: 20180620 Address after: 210012 No. 95, tie Xin Qiao street, Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu. Co-patentee after: Jiangsu Nan Shui water utilities Science and Technology Ltd. Patentee after: Nanjing Water Conservancy & Hydrology Automatization Inst., Ministry of Water Co Address before: 210012 No. 95, tie Xin Qiao street, Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu. Patentee before: Nanjing Water Conservancy & Hydrology Automatization Inst., Ministry of Water Co |