CN105116208B - A kind of extra-high voltage DC transmission system commutation failure method for diagnosing faults - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种特高压直流输电系统换相失败故障诊断方法，属于高压直流输电系统故障诊断技术领域。本发明首先对提取的直流电流信号序列进行分层重构；然后对信号进行降噪处理，处理后用形态滤波器进行滤波，并提取它的高频段分量；将高频段分量进行希尔伯特‑黄变换，求出固有模态函数分量的瞬时频率最大值f和幅值平均值A，设定频率阈值f0和幅值平均阈值A0，若f≥f0，系统发生故障，若不成立，则系统正常运行；若系统发生故障，则判定A≥A0,是否成立，若成立则是线路短路故障，反之则为换相失败故障。故本发明能够准确地判别出系统的运行状态、换相失败故障、线路短路故障。
The invention relates to a commutation failure fault diagnosis method of an ultra-high voltage direct current transmission system, and belongs to the technical field of fault diagnosis of a high voltage direct current transmission system. The present invention first performs layered reconstruction on the extracted DC current signal sequence; then performs noise reduction processing on the signal, filters it with a morphological filter after processing, and extracts its high-frequency component; performs Hilbert ‑Huang transformation, find out the maximum instantaneous frequency f and the average value A of the intrinsic mode function components, set the frequency threshold f 0 and the average amplitude threshold A 0 , if f≥f 0 , the system breaks down, if not , the system is running normally; if the system fails, it is judged whether A≥A 0 is established, and if it is established, it is a line short circuit fault, otherwise it is a commutation failure fault. Therefore, the present invention can accurately distinguish the operating state of the system, commutation failure fault, and line short circuit fault.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of extra-high voltage DC transmission system commutation failure method for diagnosing faults, more particularly to a kind of profit
The extra-high voltage DC transmission system commutation converted with singular value decomposition (SVD)-morphological filter and Hilbert-Huang (HHT) is lost
Method for diagnosing faults is lost, belongs to HVDC transmission system fault diagnosis technology field.
Background technology
At present, the technology for DC transmission system commutation failure fault distinguishing is mainly minimum turn-off angle diagnostic method and most
Small voltage drop method.But these methods have certain limitation, when transition resistance of the circuit through certain numerical value occurs during short circuit,
Minimum turn-off angle is also resulted in less than minimum value is limited, i.e., in this case, the detection means of commutation failure failure can will be short
Road fault verification is commutation failure, now suppresses the control protective unit of commutation failure and can malfunction.When a stable system
When breaking down, its temporal variations feature contains many information of failure, takes the transient characterisitics of signal from its time-frequency
Specificity analysis, it can fundamentally distinguish out of order type.In recent years, scholar enters using Digital Signal Processing to it
Row analysis, such as wavelet analysis technology, grey relational grade etc., but wavelet analysis has intercrossing in frequency band division, utilizes
The numerical value by judging minimum turn-off angle in advance is also needed during grey relational grade, it is not very high to cause it to diagnose accuracy.It is uncommon
Your Bert-Huang (HHT) is converted as a kind of new method of time frequency analysis, and it has certainly on non-linear, non-stationary signal is handled
Adaptability, it is more accurate in divided band, it can accurately extract the frequency values of fault-signal.Therefore, it is necessary to using new
Signal processing technology fundamentally determine line short fault and commutation failure failure.
The content of the invention
It is extra-high for distinguishing the invention provides a kind of extra-high voltage DC transmission system commutation failure method for diagnosing faults
Line short fault, commutation failure in DC transmission system are pressed, solves current minimum turn-off angle diagnostic method in certain numerical value
The problem of being judged as commutation failure during the short circuit that transition resistance occurs.
What extra-high voltage DC transmission system commutation failure method for diagnosing faults of the present invention was realized in：The extra-high straightening
Stream transmission system commutation failure method for diagnosing faults comprises the following steps that：
After Step1, extra-high voltage DC transmission system break down, inverter side data acquisition device collection fault current traveling wave
Fault current data after Mintrop wave head reaches during 5ms in window；
Step2, the current signal progress phase-model transformation by collection, extract its 1 modulus and carry out m layer phase space reconfigurations, obtain
Matrix after to reconstruct；
Step3, singular value decomposition is carried out to the matrix after reconstruct, appropriate noise reduction is chosen according to the distribution trend of singular value
Order m', noise reduction then is carried out to DC current signal；
Step4, the signal after noise reduction is sent into morphological filter, extraction high frequency form component d；
Step5, the high frequency form component progress HHT conversion by extraction, obtain the wink of first intrinsic mode function component
When frequency maxima f and amplitude average value A；
Step6, setpoint frequency threshold value f0With amplitude average threshold A0；
Step7, judge f >=f0Whether set up, if so, system jam, if not, then system normal operation；
If f >=f0Establishment then subsequently determines that A >=A0Whether set up, if setting up phyletic line road short trouble, if not, it is then
Commutation failure failure occurs for system.
In the step Step2, extract its 1 modulus and carry out m=50 layer phase space reconfigurations, wherein carrying out Space Reconstruction
Time delayses constant is set to 1.
In the step Step3, according to the distribution of singular value, it is noise reduction order to take and level off to that layer of asymptotic value at first
m'。
Data acquisition device sample frequency is 200kHz in the step Step1.
The principle of the method described in the present invention is：
When DC transmission system breaks down, the transient characterisitics of inverter side DC current signal have very big mutation, profit
Illustrated with bipolar DC system as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, F1、F2、F3、F4Respectively inverter side AC system generation three connects
Ground short circuit, AB line to line fault, AB line to line fault ground connection and A phase earth faults cause the trouble point of commutation failure, F5For inverter side
Converter power transformer secondary side voltage landing causes commutation failure.When above-mentioned fault type occurs, inverter side DC current
Signal has different degrees of mutation, and particularly its frequency has very big mutation, can be using this characteristic come compartment system
Whether break down；For line short and commutation failure both fault types, they except having frequency size variation
Outside, the difference of frequency amplitude change is also had, therefore fault type can be distinguished with this characteristic.Because using HHT algorithms when,
End effect generation is had in EMD decomposable processes, influences accuracy of detection.Therefore the present invention needs the DC current signal to collection
Pre-processed, suppress the generation of end effect.
SVD filtering techniques be using signal and otherness of the noise on energy, will contain noisy matrix pass through it is unusual
It is worth resolution process, therefore noise filtering, and can either be kept the original characteristic of signal by SVD wave filters.During the 5ms that will be taken
The DC current signal of window carries out phase-model transformation, takes 1 mold component to carry out 50 layers of phase space reconfiguration, and time delayses constant is set to 1, will
Matrix after reconstruct carries out SVD decomposition, and according to the distribution of singular value, it is noise reduction order to take and level off to that layer of asymptotic value at first
M', so failure F1、F2、F3、F4、F5Noise reduction order be chosen for 3.1 mold component of DC current signal is sent into SVD wave filters
Middle its corresponding m' ranks noise reduction process of progress, extracts the signal sequence after noise reduction.Shape filtering technology is using pre-defined
Structural element treat process signal and matched or local correction, and the phase and amplitude of original signal will not be caused to change
Become, handled using flat-structure element g=[0 000 0] extraction noise reduction postamble sequences, because of the high fdrequency component of signal
Out of order principal character can be embodied, therefore extracts data of the high fdrequency component d after shape filtering as next step analysis.And
And line fault and commutation failure failure are Comparatively speaking, its high frequency metamorphosis amplitude is more violent.
This high fdrequency component d is carried out into empirical modal (EMD) to decompose, limited individual intrinsic mode function (IMF) component is obtained, carries
Take first IMF component signal to carry out Hilbert transform, because first IMF component contain the highest frequency of fault-signal into
Point, can more embody the fault signatures of various failures, therefore a demand of the invention go out IMF1 components instantaneous frequency and amplitude i.e.
Can.During system jam, whether line short fault or commutation failure failure, the instantaneous frequency of first IMF component
Can uprush, can with this come compartment system whether normal operation.And during line short fault, first IMF component of DC current
Instantaneous frequency amplitude average integrally than commutation failure when it is larger, therefore the amplitude average value size of first IMF component is more
The difference of commutation failure and line short fault can be embodied, the step of carrying out HHT conversion to the high fdrequency component d of extraction is as follows：
(1) high fdrequency component d carries out EMD decomposition, and extraction contains up to the IMF1 components of frequency component.
(2) Hilbert transform is carried out to first IMF component, tries to achieve the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of first IMF component,
Extract its maximum f and amplitude average value A.
(3) by f, A and predetermined threshold value f0、A0Compare, if f >=f0, the faulty generation of system, and then judge A >=A0Whether
Set up, if set up, judge that failure is line short fault, if invalid, failure judgement type is commutation failure.
In the extra high voltage direct current transmission line non unit transient protection schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1, two-terminal direct current transmission system master
To be made up of converting plant, DC power transmission line (label 7) and Inverter Station.
Direct-current transmission converter station is made up of basic convertor unit, mainly includes converter power transformer 2, transverter I 3, flat ripple
Reactor 5, DC filter 6 and DC power transmission line 7.It is the two-terminal DC transmission system engineering that can carry out anti-power delivery, if
From the power transmission of AC system 1 of the AC system 1 in left side to the right, then current conversion station (two, the left side converter power transformer 2, two in left side
The individual smoothing reactor 5, two of transverter I 3, two DC filter 6 forms) it is converting plant, current conversion station (two, the right side on right side
5, two DC filters 6 of smoothing reactor of transverter II 4, two of converter power transformer 2, two form) it is Inverter Station；Work as power
Anti- when sending, then (two, the right side transverter II 4, two of converter power transformer 2, two smoothing reactor 5, two is straight for right side current conversion station
Stream wave filter 6 forms) it is converting plant, (transverter I 3, two of converter power transformer 2, two flat ripple in two, left side is electric for left side current conversion station
Anti- 5, two DC filters 6 of device form) it is Inverter Station.I.e. the AC system 1 at both ends can be used as sending end or conduct
Receiving end, when power is just sent, they are provided to rectifier (left side converter power transformer 2) and inverter (right side converter power transformer 2)
Commutation voltage；When anti-power delivery, they give rectifier (right side converter power transformer 2) and inverter (left side converter power transformer 2)
Commutation voltage is provided, creates the condition for realizing the change of current.Power supply of the sending end power system as direct current transportation simultaneously, there is provided transmission
Power, and receiving-end system receives and dissolved the power sent by direct current transportation then equivalent to load.
Smoothing reactor 5, DC filter 6 and the border for forming DC power transmission line；7 be DC power transmission line, is utilized
Positive and negative polarities wire is connected with the positive and negative polarities of both ends current conversion station, forms the closed loop of DC side；Two-terminal-grounding electrode systems institute
The ground return circuit of formation, can be as the standby wire of transmission system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, compared with proposing minimum turn-off angle diagnostic method and minimum voltage drop method at present, methods presented herein solves line
When transition resistance of the road through certain numerical value occurs short-circuit, cause minimum turn-off angle less than decision bits commutation failure when limiting minimum value
The problem of；
When the 2nd, being analyzed using Digital Signal Processing it, such as wavelet analysis technology, grey relational grade etc., but
Be wavelet analysis has intercrossing in frequency band division, using also being needed by judging minimum turn-off in advance during grey relational grade
The numerical value at angle, it is not very high to cause it to diagnose accuracy.Hilbert-Huang transform as a kind of new method of time frequency analysis, it
There is adaptivity on non-linear, non-stationary signal is handled, it is more accurate in divided band, it can accurately extract and be out of order
The frequency values of signal.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is extra-high voltage direct-current transmission bipolar DC system；
Fig. 2 is the Troubleshooting Flowchart formed using the present invention；
The instantaneous frequency and amplitude of first IMF component of DC current signal when Fig. 3 is normal operation；
Fig. 4 is the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of first IMF component of short trouble DC current signal at circuit 100km；
Fig. 5 is the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of first IMF component of singlephase earth fault DC current signal；
Fig. 6 is the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of first IMF component of two-phase short-circuit fault DC current signal；
Fig. 7 is the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of first IMF component of line to line fault earth fault DC current signal；
Fig. 8 is the instantaneous frequency and amplitude of first IMF component of three-phase shortcircuit earth fault DC current signal；
Fig. 9 is the instantaneous frequency and width of first IMF component of DC current signal when converter power transformer no-load voltage ratio is 3.477
Value.
Each label in Fig. 1：1- AC systems, 2- converter power transformers, 3- transverters I, 4- transverters II, the flat ripple reactance of 5-
Device, 6- DC filters, 7- DC power transmission lines.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：As shown in figs 1-9, a kind of extra-high voltage DC transmission system commutation failure method for diagnosing faults, the spy
Commutation Failures In Hvdc Transmission Systems method for diagnosing faults comprises the following steps that：
After Step1, extra-high voltage DC transmission system break down, inverter side data acquisition device collection fault current traveling wave
Fault current data after Mintrop wave head reaches during 5ms in window；
Step2, the current signal progress phase-model transformation by collection, extract its 1 modulus and carry out m layer phase space reconfigurations, obtain
Matrix after to reconstruct；
Step3, singular value decomposition is carried out to the matrix after reconstruct, appropriate noise reduction is chosen according to the distribution trend of singular value
Order m', noise reduction then is carried out to DC current signal；
Step4, the signal after noise reduction is sent into morphological filter, extraction high frequency form component d；
Step5, the high frequency form component progress HHT conversion by extraction, obtain the wink of first intrinsic mode function component
When frequency maxima f and amplitude average value A；
Step6, setpoint frequency threshold value f0With amplitude average threshold A0；
Step7, judge f >=f0Whether set up, if so, system jam, if not, then system normal operation；
If f >=f0Establishment then subsequently determines that A >=A0Whether set up, if setting up phyletic line road short trouble, if not, it is then
Commutation failure failure occurs for system.
In the step Step2, extract its 1 modulus and carry out m=50 layer phase space reconfigurations, wherein carrying out Space Reconstruction
Time delayses constant is set to 1.
Embodiment 2：As shown in figs 1-9, a kind of extra-high voltage DC transmission system commutation failure method for diagnosing faults, the spy
Commutation Failures In Hvdc Transmission Systems method for diagnosing faults comprises the following steps that：
After Step1, extra-high voltage DC transmission system break down, inverter side data acquisition device collection fault current traveling wave
Fault current data after Mintrop wave head reaches during 5ms in window；
Step2, the current signal progress phase-model transformation by collection, extract its 1 modulus and carry out m layer phase space reconfigurations, obtain
Matrix after to reconstruct；
Step3, singular value decomposition is carried out to the matrix after reconstruct, appropriate noise reduction is chosen according to the distribution trend of singular value
Order m', noise reduction then is carried out to DC current signal；
Step4, the signal after noise reduction is sent into morphological filter, extraction high frequency form component d；
Step5, the high frequency form component progress HHT conversion by extraction, obtain the wink of first intrinsic mode function component
When frequency maxima f and amplitude average value A；
Step6, setpoint frequency threshold value f0With amplitude average threshold A0；
Step7, judge f >=f0Whether set up, if so, system jam, if not, then system normal operation；
If f >=f0Establishment then subsequently determines that A >=A0Whether set up, if setting up phyletic line road short trouble, if not, it is then
Commutation failure failure occurs for system.
In the step Step2, extract its 1 modulus and carry out m=50 layer phase space reconfigurations, wherein carrying out Space Reconstruction
Time delayses constant is set to 1.
In the step Step3, according to the distribution of singular value, it is noise reduction order to take and level off to that layer of asymptotic value at first
m'。
The present embodiment, which is specifically utilized in PSCAD/EMTDC, builds the wide ± 800kVUHVDC system actual parameter moulds of cloud
In type, using it as simulation model.As shown in figure 1, the transmission line of electricity total length of the system is 1418km, voltage during normal operation
It is as follows for 800kV, electric current 3.125kV, total installation of generating capacity 5000MW, the running status of specific the present embodiment experiment：
1)NS：Normal operating condition；
2)N：DC line short trouble occurs in 0.3s, and continues 100ms；
3) commutation failure causes because of inverter side fault in ac transmission system：
(1)F1：Single-phase earthing (AG), switching angle are 90 °, continue 100ms；
(2)F2：Line to line fault (AB), switching angle are 270 °, continue 100ms；
(3)F3：Line to line fault is grounded (ABG), and switching angle is 270 °, continues 100ms；
(4)F4：Three-phase ground (ABCG), occurs in 0.3s, continues 100ms.
4)F5：The increase of inverter side converter power transformer no-load voltage ratio causes commutation failure.
Extract Aerial mode component (the hereinafter referred to as DC current letter of inverter side DC current perunit value under different running statuses
Number) it is data analysis amount, sample frequency 200kHz, since before failure 50 points, 1000 points of extraction is used as analyze data.
Signal Pretreatment：The current signal of collection is subjected to phase-model transformation, its 1 modulus is extracted and carries out m layer phase space weights
Structure, the matrix after being reconstructed；
When empirical modal (EMD) decomposes, with the increase of decomposition scale, internal data of the end effect to useful signal
Influence is also larger, has a strong impact on IMF data precision.Can effectively it be pressed down using singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering noise-eliminating method
The generation of end effect processed, and EMD Decomposition orders can be reduced, improve the accuracy that EMD is decomposed.
SVD noise reductions order determines
The effect of SVD noise reductions output has very big relation with noise reduction order, and order is too low, may result in output waveform hair
Raw distortion, order is too high, and signal can not obtain abundant noise reduction.Noise reduction order is determined according to singular value distribution curve：When unusual
When value starts to tend to asymptotic value, then layering number is also optimal filtering order corresponding to this point.
To system running state NS, failure N, the direct current that trouble point is extracted away from rectification side 100km, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5
Flow signal and carry out phase space reconfiguration, the time delayses constant, τ of selection is 1, and Embedded dimensions m is 50.It is right using SVD decomposition principles
Phase space matrix after reconstruct is decomposed to obtain the singular value of each layer, is existed for NS, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 singular value
Tend to asymptotic value at the 3rd layer, therefore for this 6 kinds of running statuses, optimal noise reduction order is 3 times, for failure N, optimal
Noise reduction order is then chosen for 8 times.
According to above-mentioned identified filtering order, SVD filtering is carried out to the DC current signal of this 7 kinds of running statuses, from
Output waveform finds out that SVD filtering eliminates noise contribution, maintains the essential characteristic of primary signal.
Shape filtering
The DC current signal extracted under different running statuses is through SVD noise reductions, the high frequency shape then extracted through shape filtering
State component, the fluctuation of the DC current form high fdrequency component under different running statuses, which still has, to be made a big difference, particularly line
Road short trouble N and the difference of other states are maximum.
The Hilbert of signal-Huang analysis
DC current signal recycles the high fdrequency component of shape filtering conversion extraction signal, by this after SVD noise reduction process
High-frequency signal carries out EMD decomposition, can obtain limited individual IMF components, and Hilbert transform is carried out to first IMF component signal,
And its instantaneous frequency and amplitude are extracted, because first IMF component contains the highest frequency component of fault-signal, more
The fault signature of various failures can be embodied.Under system normal operation and various fault conditions, DC current fault-signal
The instantaneous frequency of first IMF component and the oscillogram of amplitude are shown in Fig. 3~9.
Fault diagnosis
IMF1 components are first IMF component in figure it can be seen from Fig. 3~9, system at different operating conditions,
The instantaneous amplitude and amplitude of first IMF component of DC current make a big difference.When system jam, first IMF
The instantaneous frequency of component can uprush, as shown in Table 1, it may be considered that be judged with the instantaneous frequency maximum of first IMF component
Whether system breaks down, setting peak frequency threshold value f0=60000Hz judges f >=f0Whether set up, if so, system occurs
Failure, if not, then system normal operation；From Fig. 3~9, the instantaneous frequency average of first IMF component of DC current
With amplitude average integrally than commutation failure when it is larger, comparatively speaking, the amplitude average value size of first IMF component more can
The difference of commutation failure and line short fault is embodied, the amplitude average value threshold value A of first IMF component is set0=0.05.
As f >=f0Set up, then judge A >=A0Whether set up, if setting up phyletic line road short trouble, if not, then system occurs
Commutation failure failure.
Table 1 is the instantaneous frequency maximum (unit of first IMF component：Hz)
Under above-described fault condition, inverter side fault in ac transmission system and transformer voltage ratio increase are largely imitated
Very, when finding three-phase ground failure, the critical grounding resistance that commutation failure does not occur for system is 274.5 Ω；For line to line fault
Failure；The critical grounding resistance that commutation failure does not occur for system is 555.8 Ω, and for line to line fault earth fault, system is not sent out
The critical grounding resistance of raw commutation failure is 198.2 Ω；For singlephase earth fault, its critical grounding resistance is 219.2 Ω；
Inverter side converter power transformer no-load voltage ratio is increased to 3.477 from 3.271, commutation failure occurs for system.10 groups of each failures are extracted respectively
The instantaneous frequency average value and amplitude average value of first IMF component of condition as amount of analysis, wherein：Line short fault N
It is away from rectification side 400Km, 900Km, 1100Km to choose failure point occurs；For earth fault F1~F4, grounding resistance is set to 10
Ω, 60 Ω, 120 Ω, for failure F5, converter power transformer secondary side voltage increases to 149.5kV from 145.5kV, and step-length is
1kV, i.e. no-load voltage ratio increase to 3.697 from 3.477.
Three groups of data for extracting failure N, F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 respectively are verified that the result is as shown in table 2.
The experimental result of table 2
Experimental result shown in analytical table 2 is understood, when not breaking down, the instantaneous frequency maximum of first IMF component
The frequency threshold of setting is all higher than, the amplitude average value of first IMF component is all higher than the amplitude of setting during line short fault
Threshold value, and the amplitude average value of first IMF component is less than amplitude thresholds during commutation failure, can accurately determine commutation failure
Failure and line short fault.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention embodiment be explained in detail, but the present invention be not limited to it is above-mentioned
Embodiment, can also be before present inventive concept not be departed from those of ordinary skill in the art's possessed knowledge
Put that various changes can be made.
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