CN105115652A - Method for quantified monitoring bolt pre-tightening torque through active ultrasonic guided wave - Google Patents
Method for quantified monitoring bolt pre-tightening torque through active ultrasonic guided wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN105115652A CN105115652A CN201510400200.0A CN201510400200A CN105115652A CN 105115652 A CN105115652 A CN 105115652A CN 201510400200 A CN201510400200 A CN 201510400200A CN 105115652 A CN105115652 A CN 105115652A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quantified monitoring bolt pre-tightening torque through active ultrasonic guided wave. MFC (Macro-Fiber Composite) material elements serve as an exciter and a sensor to conduct directional excitation, acquire fluctuation response and establish a bolt pre-tightening torque reference and comparison database. In this way, on-line monitoring bolt pre-tightening torque based on the reference database is carried out. The tightness of a bolt can be rapidly monitored without disassembling a structure, the assembling cost is reduced, and the efficiency is improved. The method is simple in operation, and quantified monitoring precision for single-bolt torque value is relatively high. The MFC material elements are thin (about 0.2mm), and may not affect structure performance after being pasted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural health monitoring technology field, be specially a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment.
Background technology
Bolt connects and is extensively present in machinery, building, the energy and Aerospace Engineering field.Control and keep bolt pretightening to be the important prerequisite guaranteeing that engineering structure is on active service safely.But the bolt stress in long service process relaxes, and the mechanical environment such as external vibration, impact all may cause bolt pretightening to decline, connection loosens, the security of serious harm structure.
At present, to the monitoring method of bolt pretightening in engineering, a class is conventional non-destructive monitoring means, as utilized the method such as ultrasonic imaging, x-ray inspection; Another kind of method is on bolt, fix foil gauge or force snesor, by measuring the change of bolt strain variation or pressure variation monitoring bolt pretightening.The former needs main equipment support, may need disassemblying structure, is not suitable for the monitoring of real-time online; The latter needs go between to bolt boring or change the structure of joint portion, is difficult to practical application.
In recent years, the damage monitoring method of supersonic guide-wave method is utilized to be applied in homogenous material pipeline, dull and stereotyped isostructural damage monitoring, but in open source literature, its research in bolt looseness monitoring also seldom and have following restriction: adopt the active ultrasonic exciting element that energy directional is poor, excitation energy is dispersed, causes the wave energy of desired orientation not enough; Fail to set up the systems approach of monitoring reference database; Characteristic parameter sensitivity is low and resolution is not high, thus can not qualitative assessment tools for bolts ' pretension state.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters solved
The present invention one of is intended to solve the problems of the technologies described above at least to a certain extent or at least provides a kind of useful business to select.For this reason, one object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment, adopt MFC (Macro-FiberComposite) grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element as excitation and sensor, directed incentive structure also gathers wave motion response, set up tools for bolts ' pretension moment with reference to comparison data storehouse, thus can based on reference database on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension moment.
Technical scheme
In one aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: off-line sets up reference database:
Step 1.1: adopt force moment spanner with digital display manually to be tightened in syndeton by bolt to be measured, and record torque spanner numerical value;
Step 1.2: gluing two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element in syndeton, respectively as driver and sensor; Wherein two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element is in bolt both sides to be measured respectively, the principal deformation direction conllinear of bolt-center and two grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material elements;
Step 1.3: the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element as driver connects power amplifier and waveform generator successively; As grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element digital oscilloscope and the computing machine successively of sensor;
Step 1.4: store the sinusoidal signal that the 3-5 cycle modulates through Hanning window in waveform generator, sinusoidal signal centre frequency is 100 ~ 300KHz; The sinusoidal signal stored exports according to monopulse form by waveform generator, output signal through power amplifier amplification after-applied to the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element electrode two ends as driver, the signal pulse peak-to-peak value after power amplifier amplifies is 80 ~ 100V;
Step 1.5: the voltage signal of monitoring the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes as sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered response signal;
Step 1.6: the root mean square of the response signal after calculation of filtered, and using root mean square as the characteristic parameter identifying tools for bolts ' pretension moment of torsion;
Step 1.7: thoroughly loose bolts, then starts with the moment values of manually tightening in step 1.1, select several to be greater than the tools for bolts ' pretension moment of manual screw-down torque value; For each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6, obtain this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter;
Step 2: on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension moment:
Waveform generator repeated the sinusoidal signal of storage to export with impulse form according to the time interval of setting, then monitor the voltage signal of the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes as sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered response signal; The root mean square of the response signal after calculation of filtered; The root mean square obtained is compared with reference database, obtains tools for bolts ' pretension moment value.
In addition, according to embodiments of the invention, following additional technical characteristic can also be had:
A kind of described method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment, it is characterized in that: with 3MDP460 industry glue grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element in syndeton, bondline thickness is 0.04-0.06mm, and solidifies two hours at 50 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C temperature.
A kind of described method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment, is characterized in that: in step 1.5, the cutoff frequency of high-pass filtering is not less than 1.5 times of the centre frequency in step 1.4.
A kind of described method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment, it is characterized in that: in step 1.7, for each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6 several times, obtain 95% fiducial interval of this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter mean value; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter mean value 95% fiducial interval.
According to embodiments of the invention, this utilizes the method for active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment without the degree of tightness state of disassemblying structure with regard to energy fast monitored bolt, can to reduce assembly cost, raise the efficiency; And the method is simple to operate, for single bolt torque values, there is higher quantification monitoring accuracy; In addition, the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element very thin (about 0.2mm) of employing, does not affect structural behaviour after stickup.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will become obvious and easy understand from accompanying drawing below combining to the description of embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1: tools for bolts ' pretension moment monitoring system;
Fig. 2: tools for bolts ' pretension moment monitoring system measurement procedure;
Fig. 3: the test specimen physical dimension of example and excitation and position, monitoring point;
The pulse signal that the sine in Fig. 4: five cycles is modulated through Hanning window;
Fig. 5: the original signal of bolt monitoring point under 2N.m moment of torsion of example and filtered signal;
Fig. 6: under the different pretightning forces of example, monitoring point responds filtered RMS (repeatedly repeating experiment);
Fig. 7: 95% fiducial interval of the RMS average of example is with the change (reference database) of different pre-fastening moment.
Embodiment
Be described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has element that is identical or similar functions from start to finish.Be exemplary below by the embodiment be described with reference to the drawings, be intended to for explaining the present invention, and can not limitation of the present invention be interpreted as.
In describing the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " length ", " width ", " thickness ", " on ", D score, " front ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end ", " interior ", " outward ", " clockwise ", orientation or the position relationship of the instruction such as " counterclockwise " are based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, only the present invention for convenience of description and simplified characterization, instead of indicate or imply that the device of indication or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore limitation of the present invention can not be interpreted as.
In addition, term " first ", " second " only for describing object, and can not be interpreted as instruction or hint relative importance or imply the quantity indicating indicated technical characteristic.Therefore, be limited with " first ", the feature of " second " can express or impliedly comprise one or more these features.In describing the invention, the implication of " multiple " is two or more, unless otherwise expressly limited specifically.
The present embodiment utilizes the bolt of active ultrasonic guided wave technology to connect pre-fastening moment quantification monitoring method, the method adopts P1 type MFC to apply directed excitation, produce supersonic guide-wave in the structure, guided waves propagation is after bolt connects, measure wave response signal to go forward side by side row relax, the characteristic information and the reference database that obtain contrasts, judge the current pre-fastening moment state of bolt, realization can't harm, quantification monitoring bolt pretightning force online.
As shown in Figure 2, method comprises two large divisions:
Step 1: off-line sets up reference database:
Step 1.1: adopt force moment spanner with digital display manually to be tightened in syndeton by bolt to be measured, and record torque spanner numerical value.
Step 1.2: with 3MDP460 industry glue two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element (M2814-P1 type MFC, 0.2mm is thick) in syndeton, respectively as driver and sensor, Fig. 3 is seen in position; Wherein two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element is in bolt both sides to be measured respectively, apart from bolt-center 0.1m, and the principal deformation direction conllinear of bolt-center and two grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material elements.3MDP460 industry glue glue-line is thin and even, and bondline thickness is 0.04-0.06mm, and solidification two hours at 50 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C temperature.
Step 1.3: as shown in Figure 1, the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element as driver connects power amplifier and waveform generator successively; As grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element digital oscilloscope and the computing machine successively of sensor.
Step 1.4: store the sinusoidal signal that the 3-5 cycle modulates through Hanning window in waveform generator, sinusoidal signal centre frequency is 100 ~ 300KHz; The sinusoidal signal stored exports according to monopulse form by waveform generator, output signal through power amplifier amplification after-applied to the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element electrode two ends as driver, the signal pulse peak-to-peak value after power amplifier amplifies is 80 ~ 100V.In the present embodiment, the sinusoidal signal that 5 cycles that stored in waveform generator modulate through Hanning window, as shown in Figure 4, centre frequency is 150KHz, and amplify through power amplifier, signal peak-to-peak value is 80V, is applied to actuator electrode two ends.
Step 1.5: due to inverse piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric element produces time dependent deformation, by the shear action of glue-line, by disturbance propagation to structure.Elastic wave is propagated in the structure, is bolted, and is subject to the impact (surface of contact, contact stiffness etc.) of connection status.Different pretightning force states is different on the impact of wave traveling behavior, identifies connection status accordingly.Ripple continues to propagate the arrival structure other end, according to piezoelectric effect, monitor the voltage signal as the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes of sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, the cutoff frequency of high-pass filtering is not less than 1.5 times of the centre frequency in step 1.4, removes power frequency component interference, removes the interference that surrounding electric field induction produces, obtain filtered response signal, as Fig. 7.
Step 1.6: the root mean square RMS of the response signal after calculation of filtered, and using root mean square as the characteristic parameter identifying tools for bolts ' pretension moment of torsion.
Step 1.7: by the thorough loose bolts of spanner, then start with the moment values of manually tightening in step 1.1, selects several to be greater than the tools for bolts ' pretension moment of manual screw-down torque value; For each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6, obtain this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter.In the present embodiment, the moment values of manually tightening from step 1.1, then have selected 1Nm, 2Nm, 3Nm, 4Nm tetra-tools for bolts ' pretension moment values, for each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6 ten times, obtain 95% fiducial interval of this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter mean value; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter mean value 95% fiducial interval.
Step 2: on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension moment:
The sinusoidal signal stored exports once with impulse form p.s. by waveform generator, ensure last guided wave effective attenuation in structure, then monitor the voltage signal of the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes as sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered response signal; The root mean square of the response signal after calculation of filtered; The root mean square obtained is compared with reference database, obtains tools for bolts ' pretension moment value.
If the root mean square obtained to be in reference database in a certain pre-fastening moment characteristic of correspondence parameter mean value 95% fiducial interval, then illustrate that the tools for bolts ' pretension moment of now monitoring is this pre-fastening moment; If the root mean square obtained is in reference database outside a certain pre-fastening moment characteristic of correspondence parameter mean value 95% fiducial interval, then obtained the tools for bolts ' pretension moment of monitoring by linear interpolation.And correspondence is less than the characteristic parameter of 1Nm character pair parameter mean value 95% lower limit of confidence interval, then getting the corresponding tools for bolts ' pretension moment of this characteristic parameter is manual screw-down torque value.As shown in Figure 7.
In the present embodiment, certain records RMS for twice and is respectively 0.00514V and 0.00827V, then obtain measuring pre-fastening moment for manually to tighten (<1Nm) and 3Nm by inquiry, measured value degree of confidence is 95%.
Although illustrate and describe embodiments of the invention above, be understandable that, above-described embodiment is exemplary, can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art can change above-described embodiment within the scope of the invention when not departing from principle of the present invention and aim, revising, replacing and modification.
Claims (4)
1. utilize a method for active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: off-line sets up reference database:
Step 1.1: adopt force moment spanner with digital display manually to be tightened in syndeton by bolt to be measured, and record torque spanner numerical value;
Step 1.2: gluing two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element in syndeton, respectively as driver and sensor; Wherein two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element is in bolt both sides to be measured respectively, the principal deformation direction conllinear of bolt-center and two grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material elements;
Step 1.3: the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element as driver connects power amplifier and waveform generator successively; As grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element digital oscilloscope and the computing machine successively of sensor;
Step 1.4: store the sinusoidal signal that the 3-5 cycle modulates through Hanning window in waveform generator, sinusoidal signal centre frequency is 100 ~ 300KHz; The sinusoidal signal stored exports according to monopulse form by waveform generator, output signal through power amplifier amplification after-applied to the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element electrode two ends as driver, the signal pulse peak-to-peak value after power amplifier amplifies is 80 ~ 100V;
Step 1.5: the voltage signal of monitoring the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes as sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered response signal;
Step 1.6: the root mean square of the response signal after calculation of filtered, and using root mean square as the characteristic parameter identifying tools for bolts ' pretension moment of torsion;
Step 1.7: thoroughly loose bolts, then starts with the moment values of manually tightening in step 1.1, select several to be greater than the tools for bolts ' pretension moment of manual screw-down torque value; For each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6, obtain this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter;
Step 2: on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension moment:
Waveform generator repeated the sinusoidal signal of storage to export with impulse form according to the time interval of setting, then monitor the voltage signal of the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes as sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered response signal; The root mean square of the response signal after calculation of filtered; The root mean square obtained is compared with reference database, obtains tools for bolts ' pretension moment value.
2. a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: with 3MDP460 industry glue grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element in syndeton, bondline thickness is 0.04-0.06mm, and solidifies two hours at 50 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C temperature.
3. a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1.5, the cutoff frequency of high-pass filtering is not less than 1.5 times of the centre frequency in step 1.4.
4. a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1.7, for each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6 several times, obtain 95% fiducial interval of this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter mean value; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter mean value 95% fiducial interval.
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| CN108226305A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of sound wave detecting method and system based on target property priori |
| CN108387338A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of bolt pretightening real time high precision detection method and system based on piezoelectric supersonic chip |
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| CN110793703A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-14 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Bolt axial force measuring device and computer-readable recording medium |
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| WO2019071843A1 (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2019-04-18 | 东北大学 | Rotary vibration test stand for fiber-reinforced composite disk-and-drum thin-wall member in bolt loosened condition |
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| CN108226305A (en) * | 2018-01-22 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of sound wave detecting method and system based on target property priori |
| CN108387338A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of bolt pretightening real time high precision detection method and system based on piezoelectric supersonic chip |
| WO2019153138A1 (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2019-08-15 | 大连理工大学 | Real-time high-precision bolt preload detection method and system employing piezoelectric ultrasonic chip |
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| CN110793703A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2020-02-14 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Bolt axial force measuring device and computer-readable recording medium |
| CN111489517A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-04 | 富士康精密电子（太原）有限公司 | Screw locking abnormity warning method and device, computer device and storage medium |
| CN115971010A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-18 | 西北工业大学太仓长三角研究院 | Method for preparing nano composite material piezoresistive strain sensor |
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Application publication date: 20151202 |