CN105115652A - Method for quantified monitoring bolt pre-tightening torque through active ultrasonic guided wave - Google Patents

Method for quantified monitoring bolt pre-tightening torque through active ultrasonic guided wave Download PDF

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CN105115652A
CN105115652A CN201510400200.0A CN201510400200A CN105115652A CN 105115652 A CN105115652 A CN 105115652A CN 201510400200 A CN201510400200 A CN 201510400200A CN 105115652 A CN105115652 A CN 105115652A
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bolt
moment
bolts
composite material
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王腾
徐超
吴冠男
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Northwestern Polytechnical University
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Abstract

本发明提出一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法,采用MFC(Macro-Fiber?Composite)宏纤维压电复合材料元件作为激励和传感器,定向激励结构并采集波动响应,建立螺栓预紧力矩参考比对数据库,从而能够基于参考数据库在线监测螺栓预紧力矩。利用本发明可以不用拆解结构就能快速监测螺栓的松紧状态,降低装配成本,提高效率;而且该方法操作简单,针对单螺栓扭矩值具有较高的定量化监测精度;另外,采用的宏纤维压电复合材料元件很薄(约0.2mm),粘贴后不影响结构性能。

The present invention proposes a method for quantitatively monitoring the pretightening torque of bolts using active ultrasonic guided waves, using MFC (Macro-Fiber? Composite) macro-fiber piezoelectric composite elements as excitation and sensors, orienting the excitation structure and collecting fluctuation responses, and establishing The bolt pretightening torque reference comparison database, so that the bolt pretightening torque can be monitored online based on the reference database. The invention can quickly monitor the tightness state of the bolt without dismantling the structure, reduce the assembly cost and improve the efficiency; moreover, the method is simple to operate and has high quantitative monitoring accuracy for the torque value of a single bolt; in addition, the macro fiber The piezoelectric composite material element is very thin (about 0.2mm), and does not affect the structural performance after pasting.

Description

一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法A Method for Quantitatively Monitoring Bolt Pretightening Torque Using Active Ultrasonic Guided Waves

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及结构健康监测技术领域,具体为一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法。 The invention relates to the technical field of structural health monitoring, in particular to a method for quantitatively monitoring bolt pretightening torque by using active ultrasonic guided waves.

背景技术 Background technique

螺栓连接广泛存在于机械、土木、能源和航空航天工程领域。控制和保持螺栓预紧力是确保工程结构安全服役的重要前提。然而,长期服役过程中的螺栓应力松弛,以及外部振动、冲击等力学环境都可能导致螺栓预紧力下降、连接松动,严重危害结构的安全性。 Bolted connections are widespread in the fields of mechanical, civil, energy and aerospace engineering. Controlling and maintaining the bolt preload is an important prerequisite to ensure the safe service of engineering structures. However, the stress relaxation of bolts during long-term service, as well as mechanical environments such as external vibration and impact may lead to a decrease in bolt preload and loose connections, which seriously endanger the safety of the structure.

目前,工程中对螺栓预紧力的监测方法,一类是常规的无损监测手段,如利用超声成像、X射线探伤等方法;另一类方法是在螺栓上固定应变片或力传感器,通过测量螺栓应变变化或压力变化监测螺栓预紧力的变化。前者需要大型设备支持,可能需要拆解结构,不适合实时在线的监测;后者需要对螺栓钻孔进行引线或改变结合部的构造,很难实际应用。 At present, the monitoring methods of bolt pretension in engineering are conventional non-destructive monitoring methods, such as the use of ultrasonic imaging, X-ray flaw detection and other methods; the other method is to fix strain gauges or force sensors on Bolt strain changes or pressure changes monitor changes in bolt preload. The former requires large-scale equipment support, and may require dismantling of the structure, which is not suitable for real-time online monitoring; the latter requires lead wires for bolt drilling or changes in the structure of the joint, which is difficult for practical application.

近年来,利用超声导波方法的损伤监测方法被应用于单一材料管道、平板等结构的损伤监测中,但公开文献中其在螺栓松动监测方面的研究还很少并有以下限制:采用能量定向性较差的主动超声激励元件,使得激励能量发散,造成期望方向的波能量不足;未能建立监测参考数据库的系统方法;特征参量灵敏度低和分辨率不高,从而不能够定量评估螺栓预紧状态。 In recent years, the damage monitoring method using the ultrasonic guided wave method has been applied to the damage monitoring of structures such as single-material pipes and flat plates, but there are few researches on bolt loosening monitoring in the open literature and the following limitations: using energy-directed Active ultrasonic excitation elements with poor performance cause the excitation energy to diverge, resulting in insufficient wave energy in the desired direction; a systematic method for monitoring the reference database cannot be established; the sensitivity and resolution of the characteristic parameters are low, so that it is impossible to quantitatively evaluate the bolt pretension state.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

要解决的技术问题 technical problem to be solved

本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决上述技术问题之一或至少提供一种有用的商业选择。为此,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法,采用MFC(Macro-FiberComposite)宏纤维压电复合材料元件作为激励和传感器,定向激励结构并采集波动响应,建立螺栓预紧力矩参考比对数据库,从而能够基于参考数据库在线监测螺栓预紧力矩。 The present invention aims at solving one of the above technical problems at least to a certain extent or at least providing a useful commercial choice. For this reason, an object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that utilizes active ultrasonic guided wave quantitative monitoring bolt pretightening torque, adopts MFC (Macro-FiberComposite) macrofiber piezoelectric composite material element as excitation and sensor, directional excitation structure and The fluctuation response is collected, and a bolt pretightening torque reference comparison database is established, so that the bolt pretightening torque can be monitored online based on the reference database.

技术方案 Technical solutions

在本发明的一个方面,本发明提出一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤: In one aspect of the present invention, the present invention proposes a method for quantitatively monitoring bolt pretightening torque using active ultrasonic guided waves, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps:

步骤1:离线建立参考数据库: Step 1: Create a reference database offline:

步骤1.1:采用数显力矩扳手将待测螺栓在连接结构上手动拧紧,并记录力矩扳手数值; Step 1.1: Manually tighten the bolt to be tested on the connection structure with a digital display torque wrench, and record the value of the torque wrench;

步骤1.2:在连接结构上胶粘两片宏纤维压电复合材料元件,分别作为激励器和传感器;其中两片宏纤维压电复合材料元件分别处于待测螺栓两侧,螺栓中心以及两个宏纤维压电复合材料元件的主形变方向共线; Step 1.2: Glue two pieces of macro-fiber piezoelectric composite material components on the connection structure, which are respectively used as actuators and sensors; the two pieces of macro-fiber piezoelectric composite material components are respectively located on both sides of the bolt to be tested, the center of the bolt and two macro The principal deformation directions of the fiber piezoelectric composite elements are collinear;

步骤1.3:作为激励器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件依次连接功率放大器和波形发生器;作为传感器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件依次数字示波器和计算机; Step 1.3: The macro-fiber piezoelectric composite element as an exciter is sequentially connected to a power amplifier and a waveform generator; the macro-fiber piezoelectric composite element as a sensor is sequentially connected to a digital oscilloscope and a computer;

步骤1.4:在波形发生器中存储3-5周期经汉宁窗调制的正弦信号,正弦信号中心频率为100~300KHz;波形发生器将存储的正弦信号按照单脉冲形式输出,输出信号经功率放大器放大后施加给作为激励器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件电极两端,功率放大器放大后的信号脉冲峰峰值为80~100V; Step 1.4: Store the sinusoidal signal modulated by the Hanning window for 3-5 cycles in the waveform generator, the center frequency of the sinusoidal signal is 100-300KHz; the waveform generator outputs the stored sinusoidal signal in the form of a single pulse, and the output signal passes through the power amplifier After being amplified, it is applied to both ends of the electrode of the macro-fiber piezoelectric composite element as an exciter, and the peak-to-peak value of the signal pulse amplified by the power amplifier is 80-100V;

步骤1.5:监测作为传感器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件两端电极的电压信号,并对监测到的信号进行高通滤波,得到滤波后的响应信号; Step 1.5: Monitor the voltage signal of the electrodes at both ends of the macrofiber piezoelectric composite element as a sensor, and perform high-pass filtering on the monitored signal to obtain a filtered response signal;

步骤1.6:计算滤波后的响应信号的均方根,并以均方根作为识别螺栓预紧扭矩的特征参量; Step 1.6: Calculate the root mean square of the filtered response signal, and use the root mean square as the characteristic parameter for identifying the bolt pretightening torque;

步骤1.7:彻底松动螺栓,而后以步骤1.1中手动拧紧的力矩值开始,选择若干个大于手动拧紧力矩值的螺栓预紧力矩;对于每个螺栓预紧力矩值,重复步骤1.4-步骤1.6,得到该螺栓预紧力矩值对应的特征参量;建立由预紧力矩和特征参量组成的参考数据库; Step 1.7: Loosen the bolts completely, and then start with the torque value of manual tightening in step 1.1, select several bolt pre-tightening torques greater than the manual tightening torque value; for each bolt pre-tightening torque value, repeat steps 1.4-step 1.6 to get The characteristic parameters corresponding to the bolt pre-tightening torque value; establish a reference database composed of pre-tightening torque and characteristic parameters;

步骤2:在线监测螺栓预紧力矩: Step 2: Online monitoring of bolt pre-tightening torque:

波形发生器按照设定的时间间隔重复将存储的正弦信号以脉冲形式输出,而后监测作为传感器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件两端电极的电压信号,并对监测到的信号进行高通滤波,得到滤波后的响应信号;计算滤波后的响应信号的均方根;将得到的均方根与参考数据库比较,得到螺栓预紧力矩值。 The waveform generator repeatedly outputs the stored sinusoidal signal in the form of pulses according to the set time interval, and then monitors the voltage signal of the electrodes at both ends of the macrofiber piezoelectric composite element as a sensor, and performs high-pass filtering on the monitored signal to obtain The filtered response signal; calculate the root mean square of the filtered response signal; compare the obtained root mean square with the reference database to obtain the bolt pre-tightening torque value.

另外,根据本发明的实施例,还可以具有如下附加的技术特征: In addition, according to the embodiments of the present invention, it may also have the following additional technical features:

所述一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法,其特征在于:在连接结构上用3MDP460工业胶粘贴宏纤维压电复合材料元件,胶层厚度为0.04-0.06mm,并在50℃~60℃温度下固化两个小时。 The method for quantitatively monitoring the pretightening torque of bolts by using active ultrasonic guided waves is characterized in that: 3MDP460 industrial adhesive is used to paste macro-fiber piezoelectric composite material elements on the connection structure, and the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.04-0.06mm. And curing for two hours at a temperature of 50°C to 60°C.

所述一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法,其特征在于:步骤1.5中高通滤波的截止频率不小于步骤1.4中的中心频率的1.5倍。 The method for quantitatively monitoring bolt pretightening torque by using active ultrasonic guided waves is characterized in that: the cut-off frequency of the high-pass filter in step 1.5 is not less than 1.5 times the center frequency in step 1.4.

所述一种利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法,其特征在于:步骤1.7中,对于每个螺栓预紧力矩值,重复步骤1.4-步骤1.6若干次,得到该螺栓预紧力矩值对应的特征参量平均值的95%置信区间;建立由预紧力矩和特征参量平均值95%置信区间组成的参考数据库。 The method for quantitatively monitoring bolt pre-tightening torque using active ultrasonic guided waves is characterized in that: in step 1.7, for each bolt pre-tightening torque value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6 several times to obtain the bolt pre-tightening torque The 95% confidence interval of the average value of the characteristic parameters corresponding to the torque value; establish a reference database composed of the preload torque and the 95% confidence interval of the average value of the characteristic parameters.

根据本发明的实施例,该利用主动超声导波定量化监测螺栓预紧力矩的方法可以不用拆解结构就能快速监测螺栓的松紧状态,降低装配成本,提高效率;而且该方法操作简单,针对单螺栓扭矩值具有较高的定量化监测精度;另外,采用的宏纤维压电复合材料元件很薄(约0.2mm),粘贴后不影响结构性能。 According to the embodiment of the present invention, the method of quantitatively monitoring the bolt pretightening torque by using active ultrasonic guided waves can quickly monitor the tightness state of the bolt without dismantling the structure, reduce assembly costs, and improve efficiency; The single bolt torque value has high quantitative monitoring accuracy; in addition, the macro-fiber piezoelectric composite material element used is very thin (about 0.2mm), and the structural performance will not be affected after pasting.

附图说明 Description of drawings

本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中: The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and comprehensible from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:

图1:螺栓预紧力矩监测系统; Figure 1: Bolt pre-tightening torque monitoring system;

图2:螺栓预紧力矩监测系统测量流程; Figure 2: Measurement process of the bolt pretightening torque monitoring system;

图3:实例的试件结构尺寸及激励和监测点位置; Figure 3: The structural size of the test piece and the location of the excitation and monitoring points of the example;

图4:五周期的正弦经汉宁窗调制的脉冲信号; Figure 4: A five-period sinusoidal pulse signal modulated by a Hanning window;

图5:实例的螺栓在2N.m扭矩下监测点的原始信号及滤波后的信号; Figure 5: The original signal and the filtered signal of the monitoring point of the bolt under the torque of 2N.m;

图6:实例的不同预紧力下监测点响应滤波后的RMS(多次重复实验); Figure 6: The RMS of the monitoring point response filtering under different preloads of the example (multiple repeated experiments);

图7:实例的RMS均值的95%置信区间随不同预紧力矩的变化(参考数据库)。 Figure 7: 95% confidence interval of the RMS mean of the examples as a function of different preload torques (reference database).

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。 Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。 In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " Orientation indicated by rear, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inside, outside, clockwise, counterclockwise, etc. The positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, Therefore, it should not be construed as limiting the invention.

此外、术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。因此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中,“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上,除非另有明确具体的限定。 In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

本实施例是利用主动超声导波技术的螺栓连接预紧力矩定量化监测方法,该方法采用P1型MFC施加定向激励,在结构中产生超声导波,导波传播经过螺栓连接后,测量波响应信号并进行处理,将获得的特征信息与参考数据库对比,判断螺栓的当前预紧力矩状态,实现无损、在线地定量化监测螺栓预紧力。 This embodiment is a quantitative monitoring method for bolted connection pretightening torque using active ultrasonic guided wave technology. This method uses P1-type MFC to apply directional excitation to generate ultrasonic guided waves in the structure. After the guided wave propagates through the bolted connection, the wave response is measured. The signal is processed, and the obtained characteristic information is compared with the reference database to judge the current pretightening torque state of the bolt, so as to realize the non-destructive and online quantitative monitoring of the bolt pretightening force.

如图2所示,方法包括两大部分: As shown in Figure 2, the method consists of two parts:

步骤1:离线建立参考数据库: Step 1: Create a reference database offline:

步骤1.1:采用数显力矩扳手将待测螺栓在连接结构上手动拧紧,并记录力矩扳手数值。 Step 1.1: Use a digital display torque wrench to manually tighten the bolts to be tested on the connection structure, and record the value of the torque wrench.

步骤1.2:在连接结构上用3MDP460工业胶粘贴两片宏纤维压电复合材料元件(M2814-P1型MFC,0.2mm厚),分别作为激励器和传感器,位置见图3;其中两片宏纤维压电复合材料元件分别处于待测螺栓两侧,距螺栓中心0.1m,螺栓中心以及两个宏纤维压电复合材料元件的主形变方向共线。3MDP460工业胶胶层薄而均匀,胶层厚度为0.04-0.06mm,并在50℃~60℃温度下固化两个小时。 Step 1.2: Use 3MDP460 industrial adhesive to paste two pieces of macro-fiber piezoelectric composite elements (M2814-P1 type MFC, 0.2mm thick) on the connection structure, which are respectively used as actuators and sensors. The positions are shown in Figure 3; the two pieces of macro The fiber piezoelectric composite elements are located on both sides of the bolt to be tested, 0.1m away from the bolt center, and the main deformation directions of the bolt center and the two macro fiber piezoelectric composite elements are collinear. 3MDP460 industrial adhesive layer is thin and uniform, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.04-0.06mm, and it is cured at a temperature of 50°C to 60°C for two hours.

步骤1.3:如图1所示,作为激励器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件依次连接功率放大器和波形发生器;作为传感器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件依次数字示波器和计算机。 Step 1.3: As shown in Figure 1, the macrofiber piezoelectric composite element as an actuator is connected to a power amplifier and a waveform generator in sequence; the macrofiber piezoelectric composite element as a sensor is sequentially connected to a digital oscilloscope and a computer.

步骤1.4:在波形发生器中存储3-5周期经汉宁窗调制的正弦信号,正弦信号中心频率为100~300KHz;波形发生器将存储的正弦信号按照单脉冲形式输出,输出信号经功率放大器放大后施加给作为激励器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件电极两端,功率放大器放大后的信号脉冲峰峰值为80~100V。本实施例中,波形发生器中存储5周期经汉宁窗调制的正弦信号,如图4所示,中心频率为150KHz,经功率放大器放大,信号峰-峰值为80V,施加在激励器电极两端。 Step 1.4: Store the sinusoidal signal modulated by the Hanning window for 3-5 cycles in the waveform generator, the center frequency of the sinusoidal signal is 100-300KHz; the waveform generator outputs the stored sinusoidal signal in the form of a single pulse, and the output signal passes through the power amplifier After being amplified, it is applied to both ends of the electrode of the macro-fiber piezoelectric composite material element as an exciter, and the peak-to-peak value of the signal pulse amplified by the power amplifier is 80-100V. In this embodiment, the sinusoidal signal modulated by the Hanning window for 5 periods is stored in the waveform generator, as shown in Figure 4, the center frequency is 150KHz, amplified by the power amplifier, the signal peak-to-peak value is 80V, and applied to both sides of the exciter electrode end.

步骤1.5:由于逆压电效应,压电元件产生随时间变化的形变,通过胶层的剪切作用,将扰动传递给结构。弹性波在结构中传播,通过螺栓连接,受到连接状态的影响(接触面、接触刚度等)。不同的预紧力状态对波传播行为的影响不同,据此来识别连接状态。波继续传播到达结构另一端,根据压电效应,监测作为传感器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件两端电极的电压信号,并对监测到的信号进行高通滤波,高通滤波的截止频率不小于步骤1.4中的中心频率的1.5倍,去除工频信号干扰,去除周围电场感应产生的干扰,得到滤波后的响应信号,如图7。 Step 1.5: Due to the inverse piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric element produces a time-varying deformation, and the disturbance is transmitted to the structure through the shear action of the adhesive layer. Elastic waves propagate in the structure, through the bolted connection, and are affected by the state of the connection (contact surface, contact stiffness, etc.). Different preload states have different effects on wave propagation behavior, and the connection state is identified accordingly. The wave continues to propagate and reaches the other end of the structure. According to the piezoelectric effect, monitor the voltage signal of the electrodes at both ends of the macrofiber piezoelectric composite element as a sensor, and perform high-pass filtering on the monitored signal. The cut-off frequency of the high-pass filtering is not less than step 1.4 1.5 times of the center frequency, remove the power frequency signal interference, remove the interference generated by the surrounding electric field induction, and obtain the filtered response signal, as shown in Figure 7.

步骤1.6:计算滤波后的响应信号的均方根RMS,并以均方根作为识别螺栓预紧扭矩的特征参量。 Step 1.6: Calculate the root mean square (RMS) of the filtered response signal, and use the root mean square as the characteristic parameter for identifying the bolt pretightening torque.

步骤1.7:通过扳手彻底松动螺栓,而后以步骤1.1中手动拧紧的力矩值开始,选择若干个大于手动拧紧力矩值的螺栓预紧力矩;对于每个螺栓预紧力矩值,重复步骤1.4-步骤1.6,得到该螺栓预紧力矩值对应的特征参量;建立由预紧力矩和特征参量组成的参考数据库。本实施例中,从步骤1.1中手动拧紧的力矩值开始,然后选择了1N·m、2N·m、3N·m、4N·m四个螺栓预紧力矩值,对于每个螺栓预紧力矩值,重复步骤1.4-步骤1.6十次,得到该螺栓预紧力矩值对应的特征参量平均值的95%置信区间;建立由预紧力矩和特征参量平均值95%置信区间组成的参考数据库。 Step 1.7: Loosen the bolts thoroughly with a wrench, then start with the torque value of manual tightening in step 1.1, select several bolt pre-tightening torques greater than the manual tightening torque value; for each bolt pre-tightening torque value, repeat steps 1.4-step 1.6 , to obtain the characteristic parameters corresponding to the bolt pre-tightening torque value; establish a reference database composed of pre-tightening torque and characteristic parameters. In this example, start from the torque value of manual tightening in step 1.1, and then select four bolt pretightening torque values of 1N m, 2N m, 3N m, 4N m, for each bolt pretightening torque value , repeat step 1.4-step 1.6 ten times to obtain the 95% confidence interval of the average value of the characteristic parameter corresponding to the bolt pretightening torque value; establish a reference database composed of the 95% confidence interval of the pretightening torque and the average value of the characteristic parameter.

步骤2:在线监测螺栓预紧力矩: Step 2: Online monitoring of bolt pre-tightening torque:

波形发生器每秒钟将存储的正弦信号以脉冲形式输出一次,保证上一次的导波在结构内有效衰减,而后监测作为传感器的宏纤维压电复合材料元件两端电极的电压信号,并对监测到的信号进行高通滤波,得到滤波后的响应信号;计算滤波后的响应信号的均方根;将得到的均方根与参考数据库比较,得到螺栓预紧力矩值。 The waveform generator outputs the stored sinusoidal signal in the form of a pulse every second to ensure that the last guided wave is effectively attenuated in the structure, and then monitors the voltage signal of the electrodes at both ends of the macrofiber piezoelectric composite element as a sensor, and The monitored signal is high-pass filtered to obtain the filtered response signal; the root mean square of the filtered response signal is calculated; the obtained root mean square is compared with the reference database to obtain the bolt pre-tightening torque value.

如果得到的均方根处于参考数据库中某一预紧力矩对应的特征参量平均值95%置信区间内,则说明此时监测的螺栓预紧力矩即为该预紧力矩;若得到的均方根处于参考数据库中某一预紧力矩对应的特征参量平均值95%置信区间外,则通过线性插值得到监测的螺栓预紧力矩。而对应小于1N·m对应特征参量平均值95%置信区间下限的特征参量,则取该特征参量对应螺栓预紧力矩为手动拧紧力矩值。如图7所示。 If the obtained root mean square is within the 95% confidence interval of the average value of the characteristic parameter corresponding to a certain pre-tightening torque in the reference database, it means that the bolt pre-tightening torque monitored at this time is the pre-tightening torque; if the obtained root mean square If it is outside the 95% confidence interval of the average value of the characteristic parameter corresponding to a certain pre-tightening torque in the reference database, then the monitored bolt pre-tightening torque is obtained by linear interpolation. For the characteristic parameter corresponding to the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the mean value of the corresponding characteristic parameter less than 1N·m, the bolt pretightening torque corresponding to the characteristic parameter is taken as the manual tightening torque value. As shown in Figure 7.

本实施例中,某两次测得RMS分别为0.00514V和0.00827V,则通过查询得到测量预紧力矩为手动拧紧(<1N·m)和3N·m,测量值置信度为95%。 In this embodiment, the RMS measured twice is 0.00514V and 0.00827V respectively, and the measured pre-tightening torques are obtained through query as manual tightening (<1N·m) and 3N·m, and the confidence level of the measured values is 95%.

尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。 Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be construed as limitations to the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions, and modifications to the above-described embodiments are possible within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. utilize a method for active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: off-line sets up reference database:
Step 1.1: adopt force moment spanner with digital display manually to be tightened in syndeton by bolt to be measured, and record torque spanner numerical value;
Step 1.2: gluing two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element in syndeton, respectively as driver and sensor; Wherein two panels grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element is in bolt both sides to be measured respectively, the principal deformation direction conllinear of bolt-center and two grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material elements;
Step 1.3: the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element as driver connects power amplifier and waveform generator successively; As grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element digital oscilloscope and the computing machine successively of sensor;
Step 1.4: store the sinusoidal signal that the 3-5 cycle modulates through Hanning window in waveform generator, sinusoidal signal centre frequency is 100 ~ 300KHz; The sinusoidal signal stored exports according to monopulse form by waveform generator, output signal through power amplifier amplification after-applied to the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element electrode two ends as driver, the signal pulse peak-to-peak value after power amplifier amplifies is 80 ~ 100V;
Step 1.5: the voltage signal of monitoring the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes as sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered response signal;
Step 1.6: the root mean square of the response signal after calculation of filtered, and using root mean square as the characteristic parameter identifying tools for bolts ' pretension moment of torsion;
Step 1.7: thoroughly loose bolts, then starts with the moment values of manually tightening in step 1.1, select several to be greater than the tools for bolts ' pretension moment of manual screw-down torque value; For each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6, obtain this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter;
Step 2: on-line monitoring tools for bolts ' pretension moment:
Waveform generator repeated the sinusoidal signal of storage to export with impulse form according to the time interval of setting, then monitor the voltage signal of the grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element two end electrodes as sensor, and high-pass filtering is carried out to the signal monitored, obtain filtered response signal; The root mean square of the response signal after calculation of filtered; The root mean square obtained is compared with reference database, obtains tools for bolts ' pretension moment value.
2. a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: with 3MDP460 industry glue grand fiber piezo-electricity composite material element in syndeton, bondline thickness is 0.04-0.06mm, and solidifies two hours at 50 DEG C ~ 60 DEG C temperature.
3. a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step 1.5, the cutoff frequency of high-pass filtering is not less than 1.5 times of the centre frequency in step 1.4.
4. a kind of method utilizing active ultrasonic guided wave quantification monitoring bolt pre-fastening moment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step 1.7, for each tools for bolts ' pretension moment value, repeat step 1.4-step 1.6 several times, obtain 95% fiducial interval of this tools for bolts ' pretension moment value characteristic of correspondence parameter mean value; Set up the reference database be made up of pre-fastening moment and characteristic parameter mean value 95% fiducial interval.
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