CN105115538B - A kind of estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution evaluation method - Google Patents
A kind of estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution integrated evaluating method, it is therein to mainly comprise the following steps：A water source estuarine delta area wetland Lakes in Nutrition material content (TN, TP)) is measured；B water soluble organic substance) is extracted, calculates and measures dissolved oxygen content (DO)；C) choose and measure thermostat layer, the relevant parameter of the Hydrodynamic Process such as the warm layer of jump, isothermal layer position temperature value and the strong, flow velocity of Hekou District tidal level, ripple；D the coupling model of temperature and tidal wave process) is established；E) model solution；F) estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution overall merit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water environment pollution evaluation and management application field, and in particular to a kind of to pass through estuarine delta area
Multiple-quality water water amount parameters index is fitted to one by wetland lake temperature model with tidal wave model can carry out estuarine delta
The integrated evaluating method of wetland lake endogenous pollution.
Background technology
Water body layering is the phenomenon that water body changes due to the condition differences such as temperature or salinity, the density stratification so as to caused by,
Summer, typically positive water temperature delamination structure was followed successively by troposphere, the warm layer (or being mesolimnion) of jump and isothermal layer from top to bottom
(or being thermostat layer).It is recognised that the formation for the warm layer that jumps blocks the friendship of material above and below the wetland lake of estuarine delta area
Change, after thermal stratification is formed, bottom water body is in anaerobic state so that the deposit of bottom produces one by biochemical method
Quantitative polluter, when entering winter, upper water temperature drop is low, and the water temperature of levels reaches unanimity, and the warm layer that now jumps is broken
It is bad, into after spring, heat effect of the water surface by lasting solar radiation so that high temperature water body runs into low temperature water body and sent out
Raw immixture, causes the polluter in the bed mud of bottom to translate into top so that pollutant mixes in whole water body, causes water
The deteriorating water quality of body, produce endogenous pollution problem.
Control for estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution is usually based on the water quality ginseng of long-term sequence
Number monitoring, and layering is destroyed using aeration mode so that water body reaches fully oxygen supply mixing, belongs to end treatment link mostly,
Do not have also by front end management and overall merit, the lake endogenous integrated evaluating method of control estuarine delta area wetland.
Mainly there are three class indexs for estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution overall merit：
The first kind is total nitrogen and total phosphorus (TN, TP), nutrition in this kind of index reflection estuarine delta area wetland lake
The content of salt and estuarine delta area wetland Lake Eutrophication.
Second class is dissolved oxygen content (DO), this kind of index reflection contaminated degree of water quality.
3rd class is water temperature, because estuarine delta area wetland lake is by energy input output change caused by external condition
The influence of change, reflection are arrived inside the wetland lake of estuarine delta area, and the as gradient disparities of temperature, the change of water temperature can suppress
Water body planktonic organism amount, so as to produce DO and the change of total phosphorus and total nitrogen quantitatively.
4th class is estuarine tide intensity, and it is larger to disturbance, intensity caused by water body that this kind of index has reacted tidal wave process
When bed mud in pollutant stir, trigger endogenous pollution problem
In real work, this three classes index is typically discontinuous monitoring, and the correlation analysis between index compared with
It is small, it is less the comprehensive analysis index and management process, it is therefore desirable to a kind of lake endogenous dirt of estuarine delta area wetland
The foundation of the overall merit and management system of dye problem.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of integrated evaluating method of estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution,
By water temperature delamination model, an estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution overall target is established.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, wetland lake endogenous pollution overall merit side in estuarine delta area provided by the invention
Method, it is therein to mainly comprise the following steps：
A water source estuarine delta area wetland Lakes in Nutrition material content (TN, TP)) is measured；
B water soluble organic substance) is extracted, calculates and measures dissolved oxygen content (DO)；
C) choose and measure thermostat layer, the warm layer of jump, isothermal layer position temperature value and the strong, flow velocity of Hekou District tidal level, ripple etc.
The relevant parameter of Hydrodynamic Process；
D the coupling model of temperature and tidal wave process) is established；
E) model solution；
F) estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution overall merit.
According to integrated evaluating method, step A is using alkaline chitinase resolution ultraviolet spectrophotometry and potassium peroxydisulfate
Clear up ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method.
According to integrated evaluating method, step B uses continous way septum electrode method.
According to integrated evaluating method, step C is using distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument (DTS), SBY2-1 acoustic wave instruments
With Global Water current meters.
According to integrated evaluating method, step D characterizes the total heat exchange amount of water surface heat transfer using water body heat transfer model
(QS) it is long-wave radiation amount (QR), water surface evaporation (QW), water surface sensible heat is to flow (Qh), its processing formula is：QS=QR+Qw+QH
Long-wave radiation amount (QR)：
The radiation wavelength distributed by air is longer with respect to sun incident wavelength, main energetic concentrate on 4~120 μm it
Between, it is consequently belonging to long-wave radiation scope；The processing formula of the long-wave radiation of air is：
In formula：T(water)、ε(air)、ε(water)、Rt(w)、σ、T(air)、C(cloud)The radiation of temperature, water respectively at water surface 0m
Coefficient, the radiation coefficient of air, water surface longwave radiation reflection rate, ripple hereby Germania constant, for temperature, cloud cover at 2m on the water surface
Rate.
Evaporation from water surface heat loss (QW)：
Evaporation directly embodiment heat contacts with water quality exchanges process, and processing formula is：
In formula：L、Cw、ρ(air)、P、RhRespectively evaporation latent heat, evaporation heat transfer coefficient, atmospheric density (take 1.225kg/m3)、
One standard atmospheric pressure, relative humidity.
Sensible heat is to flow (Qh)：
Thermal convection current refers to heat by flow media, by the one of the space phenomenon for traveling to another place.Water surface heat
Flux be on the occasion of when, top layer be in heating situation, and water temperature is height compared with water body layers below, density stratification stably conversely, cooling
Situation, surface temperature are then likely lower than layers below, form unstable state, and at this moment thermal convection current occurs for levels, and it handles public
Formula is：
Qh=CHcp(air)ρ(air)u(wind)(T(air-r)-T(water))
In formula：CH、cp(air)、u(wind)、T(air_r)Respectively sensible heat conduction volume factor (taking 0.0014), the level pressure ratio of water
The dry-bulb temperature of air on wind speed, the water surface at hot (taking 1003), the water surface, remaining is same as above.
According to integrated evaluating method, on the other hand step D is calculated and is penetrated the total heat exchange amount of diabatic process, and it handles formula
For：
Qsw(s)=Q(sw_surface)(1-0.65C(cloud) 2)(1-Rt(sw))
Qsw(z)=Qsw(s)exp{-ηe(S-z)}
In formula：QSWAnd Q (S)SW(Z) it is respectively water surface solar shortwave radiation amount and underwater shortwave radiation amount change procedure, its
In, Rt(sw)、Q(sw_surface)、Qsw、ηe(m-1) it is respectively nondimensional shortwave radiation surface reflectivity, total shortwave by the water surface
Amount of radiation, the net solar radiation through the water surface, attenuation coefficient.
Influenceed in addition using two-dimentional equation of tide hudge with characterizing coastal region wetland lake by sea tide：
The tidal level (ξ) in somewhere：
In above formula, a0For mean sea level；RjFor tidal wave amplitude；θjFor the initial phase of tidal wave；σjFor tidal wave angular speed；r(t)
For non-astronomical tidal level, refer to the SEA LEVEL VARIATION caused by the hydrology, meteorological condition change.
Trend (u)：
Wherein u, v are respectively the northern component of flow velocity and eastern component；U0、V0For Euler residual current；Ui、ξiFor the mediation of northern component
Constant；Vi、ηiFor the harmonic constant of eastern component.
Two-dimentional equation of tide hudge：
In above formula, D is total depth of water, and x, y are east, the north is to U, V are the east of trend, north component, AHFor the viscous system in horizontal whirlpool
Number, kbFor bottom-friction factor.
Described integrated evaluating method, the model solution in step E, is to be calculated using finite element volume method, and lead to
Cross commercial CFD code realization.
Described integrated evaluating method, the integrated evaluating method in step F, is to obtain different water temperature bars by model solution
Part, and bring step A into, step B, related data measured by step C, water quality model and dissolved oxygen model are coupled, couple temperature mould
Type and estuarine tide wave pattern, so as to try to achieve in research area estuarine delta area wetland lake index of correlation as seasonal form changes
The influence of condition and existing inherent trend, and estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution degree is graded, can
Timely to predict estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution problem, and it is subject to related management.
It is simple to operate the invention provides the integrated evaluating method of estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution, into
This is cheap, and evaluation speed is fast, and evaluation result considers the indexs such as dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen total phosphorus, and evaluation precision is high, can effectively control
The body eutrophication as caused by thermal stratification and other endogenous pollution problems.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is sample distribution of the patent specific implementation process in the Huanghe delta
Figure.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of synthesis endogenous pollution evaluation method based on estuarine delta area wetland lake model,
Its main method is as follows：
A) Surface water sample collection and preservation：Drawn water first in sample point using clean water bucket, then by water sample
It is transferred in the vinyon sampling bottle of preprepared label, often place's sampling 2.8L or so.Water temperature, illumination are strong
The sign spots such as degree, DO determine, and record sampling time on the same day, weather conditions, estuarine delta area wetland lake level, tide
The parameters such as size are flowed so that experimental study refers to, and sample frequency is to sample once for every 2~3 days, with same laboratory after sampling
The measure of other chemical index was completed in the same day.
B) longitudinal water sampling is with preserving：According to estuarine delta area wetland lake lineament, in representative points position
Sample point is selected, is sampled once every 5~10 meters using lucite fixed-depth water sampler along depth of water direction, water sample brown is wide
Mouth vial preservation takes back laboratory and preserves at 4 DEG C or determine in good time.Sample record requirement is same as above.This research is in river mouth triangle
Continent area wetland lake entrance, estuarine delta area wetland lake different depth, former channel thread area, estuary etc. are no
10 sampled points are have chosen with representative points position.
C) the collection of upstream runoff water sample：According to the topographic features of estuarine delta area wetland lake upstream, exist respectively
At the more intensive village of tributary meet, population and place at a distance, sets 9-10 sampled point, and sampling makes
With vinyon bottle, the place of smooth in water flow draws water in river course, avoids sampling in bank slough.Surveyed while sampling
Determine the indexs such as water temperature, total phosphorus and total nitrogen.
Specific sample distribution is shown in accompanying drawing.
The result of sampling is subjected to data analysis with arranging, makes survey region estuarine delta area wetland lake total phosphorus
The instantaneous Distribution Value of total nitrogen and DO, with reference to transient temperature distribution scenario, describe the distribution of index of correlation under stratified condition, this research
Persistently sampled in March, 2009 to December and monitor the water quality condition in master library area, it is obvious as a result to show that research area wetland lake is present
Total nitrogen it is exceeded, average of the whole year detection level 1.4mg/L, exceeded 31%.
According to associated temperature parameter, water body heat transfer model is imported, is solved, makes estuarine delta area wetland lake
Vertical temperature distribution image is moored, couple solution, time step 0.01s, time are carried out using energy equation and RNG k- ε models
Step number is 500s, calculates the Distribution dynamics of relevant parameter under the conditions of thermal stratification.
Estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution overall merit：
Under the conditions of temperature stratification there is obvious seasonal variety in DO, and 4, the process that is gradually formed in thermal stratification in May
In, dissolved oxygen longitudinally also form the low basic distribution of relative superiority or inferiority.But due to the mixing reoxygenation of winter upper and lower water body, dissolving
Oxygen concentration is overall higher, and bottom is also in 7~8mg/L or so, and now lake is substantially not present anoxic or anaerobic zone.July
Layering is stable, and water body forms the vertical gradients of DO：8~9mg/L of surface water, substantially close to saturated concentration；With the increasing of the depth of water
Add, dissolved oxygen concentration reduces, and is strongly reduced in the range of the thermocline depth of water；The dissolved oxygen of bottom water body has already decreased to
4mg/L or so.Bottom dissolved oxygen constantly declines over time, and September part is 2.1mg/L, and 10 the end of month were only 0.5mg/L, completely place
In anaerobic environment.Into after January, thermal stratification disappears.
The research vertical nutrients distribution characteristics unobvious of area estuarine delta area wetland water body in lake, but flood season river mouth
For the total nitrogen in Delta Area wetland lake there is also the elevated phenomenon of concentration in the range of 20~40m depth of waters, this is due to upstream
River flush period river total nitrogen concentration is significantly increased, and imports estuarine delta area wetland lake in the form of undercurrent and cause
's.And obvious rise is not present in total phosphorus in this depth bounds.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution synthetic judgement, therein to mainly comprise the following steps：
A water source estuarine delta area wetland Lakes in Nutrition material content TN, TP) are measured；
B water soluble organic substance) is extracted, calculates and measures dissolved oxygen content DO；
C) choose and measure thermostat layer, the warm layer of jump, isothermal layer position temperature value and Hekou District tidal level, ripple are strong, the hydrodynamic(al) of flow velocity
The relevant parameter of power process；Survey region estuarine delta area wetland lake total phosphorus total nitrogen and DO instantaneous Distribution Value are made,
With reference to transient temperature distribution scenario, describe total phosphorus and total nitrogen and the distribution of DO indexs under stratified condition；
D the coupling model of temperature and tidal wave process) is established；
E) model solution, the Distribution dynamics of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen content under the conditions of thermal stratification are calculated；
F) estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution overall merit, different water temperature conditions are obtained by model solution, and
Bring step A, step B, related data measured by step C, coupling water quality model and dissolved oxygen model into, couple temperature model and river
Mouthful tidal wave model, so as to try to achieve in research area estuarine delta area wetland lake index of correlation with seasonal form change condition
Influence and existing inherent trend, and estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution degree is graded, can be timely
Prediction estuarine delta area wetland lake endogenous pollution problem, and be subject to related management.
2. wetland lake endogenous pollution synthetic judgement in estuarine delta area according to claim 1, step A is used
Alkaline chitinase clears up ultraviolet spectrophotometry and alkaline potassium per-sulfate digestion ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method.
3. wetland lake endogenous pollution synthetic judgement in estuarine delta area according to claim 1, step B is used
Continous way septum electrode method.
4. wetland lake endogenous pollution synthetic judgement in estuarine delta area according to claim 1, step C is used
Distributed optical fiber temperature measuring instrument DTS, SBY2-1 acoustic wave instrument and Global Water current meters.
5. wetland lake endogenous pollution synthetic judgement in estuarine delta area according to claim 1, step D is used
Water body heat transfer model characterizes the total heat exchange amount Q of water surface heat transfersFor long-wave radiation amount QR, water surface evaporation Qw, the water surface shows
Thermal convection current amount Qh, its handle formula be：Qs=QR+Qw+Qh
A. long-wave radiation amount QR：
By the radiation wavelength that air is distributed is longer with respect to sun incident wavelength, main energetic is concentrated between 4~120 μm,
It is consequently belonging to long-wave radiation scope；The processing formula of the long-wave radiation of air is：
In formula：T(water)、ε(air)、ε(water)、Rt(w)、δ、T(air)、C(cloud)Temperature respectively at water surface 0m, water radiation coefficient,
The radiation coefficient of air, water surface longwave radiation reflection rate, ripple hereby Germania constant, for temperature, cloud cover rate at 2m on the water surface；
B. evaporation from water surface heat loss Qw：
Evaporation directly embodiment heat contacts with water quality exchanges process, and processing formula is：
In formula：L、Cw、ρ(air)、P、RhRespectively evaporation latent heat, evaporation heat transfer coefficient, atmospheric density take 1.225kg/m3, a mark
Quasi- atmospheric pressure, relative humidity；
C. sensible heat is to flow Qh：
Thermal convection current refers to heat by flow media, by the one of the space phenomenon for traveling to another place；Water surface heat flux
For on the occasion of when, top layer is in heating situation, and water temperature is height compared with water body layers below, and the stable of density stratification is conversely, in cooling shape
Condition, surface temperature are then likely lower than layers below, form unstable state, and at this moment thermal convection current occurs for levels, and it handles formula
For：
Qh=CHcp(air)ρ(air)u(wind)(T(air_r)-T(water))
In formula：CH、cp(air)、u(wind)、T(air_r)Respectively sensible heat conduction volume factor takes the specific heat at constant pressure of 0.0014, water to take
1003rd, the wind speed at the water surface, on the water surface air dry-bulb temperature, remaining is same as above.
6. wetland lake endogenous pollution synthetic judgement in estuarine delta area according to claim 5, step D are another
Aspect calculates and penetrates the total heat exchange amount of diabatic process, and its processing formula is：
Qsw(Z)=Qsw(s)exp{-ηe(S-z)}
In formula：QSWAnd Q (S)SW(Z) it is respectively water surface solar shortwave radiation amount and underwater shortwave radiation amount change procedure, wherein,
Rt(sw)、Q(sw_surface)、Qsw、ηe(m-1) it is respectively nondimensional shortwave radiation surface reflectivity, total shortwave spoke by the water surface
The amount of penetrating, the net solar radiation through the water surface, attenuation coefficient；
Influenceed in addition using two-dimentional equation of tide hudge with characterizing coastal region wetland lake by sea tide：
The tidal level ξ in a somewheres：
In above formula, a0For mean sea level；RjFor tidal wave amplitude；θjFor the initial phase of tidal wave；σjFor tidal wave angular speed；R (t) is non-day
Literary tidal level, refer to the SEA LEVEL VARIATION caused by the hydrology, meteorological condition change；
B. trend u：
Wherein u, v are respectively the northern component of flow velocity and eastern component；U0、V0For Euler residual current；Ui、ξiFor the harmonic constant of northern component；
Vi、ηiFor the harmonic constant of eastern component；
C. two-dimentional equation of tide hudge：
In above formula, D is total depth of water, and x, y are east, the north is to U, V are the east of trend, north component, AHFor horizontal eddy viscosity, kbFor
Bottom-friction factor.
7. wetland lake endogenous pollution synthetic judgement in estuarine delta area according to claim 1, in step E
Model solution, calculated using finite element volume method, and realized by commercial CFD code.
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| CN111159629B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2023-08-15 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Calculation method for carbon emission amount of complete mixing of layered lake reservoir water body |
| CN111413477B (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2024-03-19 | 广西壮族自治区海洋环境监测中心站 | River mouth area water environment quality evaluation method |
| CN112227294B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-08-03 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Construction method of three-field dynamic dissolved oxygen coupling model of thermal stratification reservoir |
| CN118261483B (en) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-09-10 | 生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(生态环境部生态环境应急研究所) | Method and system for estimating flux of dissolved organic carbon in river entering sea |
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