CN105112704A - Preparation method of graphene and aluminum alloy composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphene and aluminum alloy composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105112704A CN105112704A CN201510388294.4A CN201510388294A CN105112704A CN 105112704 A CN105112704 A CN 105112704A CN 201510388294 A CN201510388294 A CN 201510388294A CN 105112704 A CN105112704 A CN 105112704A
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene and aluminum alloy composite material. According to the method, the amount of added graphene in the composite material is 4.1-5.0wt% of the total amount of the composite material. Compared with the graphene-free pure aluminum alloy in tensile strength and electrical conductivity, the graphene and aluminum alloy composite material has the advantage that the mechanical property, the tensile strength and the electrical conductivity are improved to different extent. Due to the intermediate alloy of the graphene and aluminum alloy composite material, graphene can be added to molten aluminum in a form of the intermediate alloy of the graphene and aluminum alloy composite material, and thus the dispersing uniformity of graphene in molten aluminum can be improved to the maximum, and as a result, the industrial batch production of graphene modified aluminum conductor cables can be performed by the melt-casting method. The preparation method of the composite material comprises the steps of mechanic mixing, low-temperature ball milling, vacuum degassing, hot isostatic pressure and extruding. The process of the preparation method is simple and controllable; the production cost is low; the method is applicable to industrial production and has a good market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of matrix material, specifically relate to a kind of preparation method of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials.
Background technology
Large owing to hanging span in the air, overhead high voltage transmission line, except there are certain requirements the electroconductibility of leader cable, also there are certain requirements the intensity of leader cable.Overhead high voltage electricity transmission conductive wire comparatively conventional both at home and abroad at present comprises copper conductor and aluminium conductor.Compared with aluminium conductor, the good conductivity of copper conductor, intensity is high.But the cost of copper conductor is higher, and copper belongs to strategic resource, and bauxite resource enriches, and widely distributed, cost is low.Although some places transmitting line almost more than 90% uses aluminum composite conductor, the application quantity of some local aluminum composite conductor is less than 1%.Therefore, in order to reduce costs, be necessary the Application and Development strengthening overhead high voltage power transmission aluminium conductor cable.
The aluminium conductor cable material of industrial application comprises fine aluminium and aluminum composite at present, but the matching of the intensity of the two and electroconductibility is all lower.The good conductivity of fine aluminium, but intensity is lower.Existing aluminum composite is on the basis of fine aluminium, and the alloying elements such as interpolation Mg, Si obtain, and obtained matrix material, while the raising strength of materials, but brings the reduction of electroconductibility.In recent years, along with the suspension span of overhead high voltage transmission line is increasing, the performance of aluminium conductor cable is had higher requirement.For this reason, develop that a kind of intensity is high, the aluminium conductor cable of good conductivity just seems very necessary.
Graphene is a kind of two-dimension nano materials be made up of carbon atom, in individual layer sheet structure (thickness is only several nanometer).Due to bi-dimensional cellular crystalline structure and the high bonding strength of its uniqueness, Graphene is the nano material that specific tenacity is high, the hardest in the world known at present, and its breaking tenacity is up to 130Gpa.(ChangguLee, XiaodingWei, JeffreyW.Kysar, etc. JamesHone) people is at (Science, Vol.321, issue18, July2008,385-388) on delivered about " mensuration of single-layer graphene retractility and inherent strength " (Measurementoftheelasticpropertiesandintrinsicstrengthonm onolayergraphene).The more important thing is, material that Graphene or in the world specific conductivity are the highest (resistivity only about 10
-8Ω m), be about 100 times of copper.Therefore, utilize the high strength of Graphene and good electroconductibility, and by itself and fine aluminium or aluminum composite compound, be prepared into graphene/aluminum matrix material, be expected the intensity for improving aluminium cable and electroconductibility, the mechanical property of aluminium conductor and electric property are better mated.
Based on above Discuss and analyse, need to provide a kind of preparation technology to obtain graphene/aluminum matrix material, and the high quality interface realizing the dispersed and graphene/aluminum of Graphene in aluminum substrate combines.Preparation method's mainly melt casting and powder metallurgic method of aluminum current based composites.If graphene/aluminum matrix material adopts the preparation of conventional melt casting, because the two density variation is large, Graphene is difficult in the dispersion of aluminium liquid inner homogeneous, and in addition, the two also high-temperature interface reaction likely occurs in material preparation process, generates Al
4c
3brittlement phase, worsens material property.And adopt powder metallurgic method, graphene nanometer sheet and aluminum composite powder then can be made at room temperature to realize Homogeneous phase mixing, then prepare Graphene by follow-up press working and strengthen aluminum-base composite block materials, the high-temperature interface that inhibit conventional melt casting to bring to greatest extent reacts.
But, fact proved, because graphene nanometer sheet and aluminum composite powder (atomization) all also exist very large difference (see table 1) in pattern, size and density etc., consistency both causing when Material cladding is very poor, even if the aluminium of nonmetallic Graphene and metal is also difficult to form good interface cohesion under powder metallurgical technique.(BARTOLUCCISF, PARASJ, RAFIEEMA, etc. etal.) people is at [[J] .MaterialScienceandEngineeringA, 2011,528:7933-7937.)] magazine discloses Graphene-aluminium nano-composition " Graphene-aluminumnanocomposites ".And for aluminum matrix composite, whether the distribution of wild phase in aluminum substrate be even, whether wild phase reunites, whether interface cohesion is tight, directly decide the quality of composite property.Therefore, how dispersed in aluminum substrate of Graphene realizes, and the high quality interface of graphene/aluminum combines and how to obtain, and is the gordian technique preparing the breakthrough of graphene/aluminum matrix material needs.
The difference of table 1 graphene nanometer sheet and aluminum composite powder
The low temperature ball-milled powder metallurgical technology occurred in recent years is compared with traditional powder metallurgic method, in the dispersiveness improving wild phase and interface cohesion, have obvious advantage.The powder of wild phase and matrix phase just mixes by mechanical ball milling that conventional powder metallurgical technique adopts equably, is difficult to just form interface cohesion between powder in mechanical milling process; And the metallurgical rule of low temperature ball-milled powder introduces the inertia cryogenic medias such as liquid nitrogen (or liquid argon) in traditional Mechanical Milling Process, the milling atmosphere (low temperature and inert media) of its uniqueness makes it have plurality of advantages.Pertinent literature shows (YEJC, HEJH, SCHOENUNGJM.CryomillingforthefabricationofaparticulateB
4creinforcedAlnanocomposite:PartI.Effectsofprocessconditi onsonstructure [J] .MetallurgicalandMaterialsTransactionA, 2006,37A:3099-3109.), ceramic particle/aluminium mixed powder is through low temperature ball milling, while the nanocrystalline aluminum substrate of acquisition, achieve dispersed in aluminium of ceramic particle, also ceramic particle can be coated on aluminium inside, form high-quality interface cohesion.Therefore, can attempt realizing graphene nanometer sheet being uniformly distributed in aluminium by low temperature ball grinding technique, obtaining high-quality graphene/aluminum interface.
Fact proved, adopt low temperature ball-milled powder metallurgy method not only can realize effective interpolation of high quality mark Graphene (1.0%), but also greatly can improve the dispersiveness of Graphene in aluminium and the interface cohesion situation (LIJL of graphene/aluminum, XIONGYC, WANGXD, YANSJ, YANGC, HEWW, CHENJZ, WANGSQ, ZHANGXY, DAISL.Microstructureandtensilepropertiesofbulknanostruct uredaluminum/graphenecompositespreparedviacryomilling [J] .MaterialsScienceandEngineeringA, 2015, 626:400-405).But, though adopt low temperature ball-milled powder metallurgy method can realize the improvement of the interface cohesion of the dispersed and graphene/aluminum of Graphene in aluminium, but, the method complex process, cost is higher, is not suitable for applying in the large-scale engineeringization of low value-added field (such as electrical equipment, cable etc.).
Apply for the through engineering approaches realizing graphene/aluminum matrix material and adapt to the large-scale production of aluminium conductor cable product, just must adopt the method that melting is cast.But, directly join in aluminium liquid if Graphene is left intact, then can observe serious defect (pore, Graphene reunion etc.) in the ingot casting finally obtained, worsen material property.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the invention provides the technical scheme of the relative merits of a kind of consolidated powder metallurgy method and melt casting, prepared a kind of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials of Graphene modified aluminium leader cable by powder metallurgy in conjunction with the method that melting is cast.In technical scheme provided by the invention: first, adopt low temperature ball grinding technique to prepare Graphene in conjunction with Hot-extrusion to be uniformly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum and good " graphene/aluminum alloy " the matrix material extruded bars (or silk material) of interface cohesion, then it can be used as the master alloy of " graphene/aluminum alloy ", make Graphene can join in the aluminium liquid of melting by the form of " graphene/aluminum alloy " master alloy, farthest improve the dispersing uniformity of Graphene in aluminum alloy melt, thus make the suitability for industrialized production of graphitic modified aluminium alloy lead wire cable become possibility.
Adopt low temperature ball grinding technique to prepare Graphene in conjunction with Hot-extrusion to be uniformly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum and good " graphene/aluminum alloy " the matrix material extruded bars (or silk material) of interface cohesion, it can be used as the master alloy of " graphene/aluminum alloy ".
The object of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials, its improvements are: described matrix material take aluminium as matrix, and Graphene addition is 4.0 ~ 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
Another kind of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is 4.1 ~ 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
Another graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is 4.5 ~ 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials.
4th kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is the 4.3wt.% of described graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials.
5th kind of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is the 4.2wt.% of described graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials.
6th kind of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is the 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials.
The preparation method of a kind of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials provided by the invention, the method comprises following processing step:
(1) be the aluminium alloy atomization powder of 60 ~ 65 μm and Graphene addition by granularity be 4.0 ~ 5.0wt.% mixture of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials amount, mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 10 ~ 30r/min and mix 40 ~ 48h;
(2) mixed powder that step (1) is obtained is put into the VC high efficient mixer mixing 25 ~ 30min of rotating speed 150 ~ 180r/min;
(3) made mixed powder, abrading-ball and stearic acid are placed in stirring ball mill, are filled with liquid nitrogen, when liquid nitrogen submergence whole abrading-ball, start ball milling, ratio of grinding media to material is 40: 1;
(4) low temperature ball milling is after 3 hours, and take out powder and be placed in protection of inert gas case, after its temperature return to room temperature, load intracavity diameter is 80 ~ 120mm, and cavity heights is in the aluminum composite jacket of 85 ~ 300mm;
(5) in 300 ~ 350 DEG C and 2.0 × 10
-3under Pa vacuum tightness, to jacket vacuum stripping 4h, after degasification terminates, jacket is pounded flat, heal seal;
(6) under 450 DEG C and 100 ~ 120MPa pressure, hot isostatic pressing is carried out to the described jacket dwell time 3h of sealing;
(7) jacket after hot isostatic pressing is carried out mechanical workout, remove jacket skin, obtain cylindrical press blank, diameter is 55 ~ 85mm, is highly 55 ~ 200mm;
(3) by the extrusion billet of gained at 340 DEG C with tonnage be the extrusion machine of 200 ~ 500t with the extrusion ratio hot extrusion of 15: 1 ~ 20: 1, obtain described graphene/aluminum compound walking spa-cial system.
Another kind provided by the invention prepares the method for graphene/aluminum matrix material, the method comprises following processing step: its improvements are, described V-arrangement mixing machine is the not contour mixing staving combined after cuing open into 40 degree of angles by staving, by the mixing machine of pedestal two tanks bearing center axle, in mixing tank, be provided with mandatory whipping appts; Mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 20r/min and mix 15 ~ 24h.
Provided by the invention separately another prepares the method for graphene/aluminum matrix material, and the method comprises following processing step: its improvements are, the described VC high efficient mixer of described step (2) is conical shell, and Tong Nei is equipped with at center stirring main shaft.
Another kind provided by the invention prepares the method for graphene/aluminum matrix material, and the method comprises following processing step: its improvements are, the described abrading-ball of described step (3) is Chrome-free bearing steel material abrading-ball.
Provided by the inventionly prepare in the method for graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials, described aluminium alloy chemical composition is by mass percentage: silicon Si:0.30 ~ 0.7, iron Fe :≤0.50, copper Cu :≤0.10, manganese Mn :≤0.03, magnesium Mg:0.35 ~ 0.8, chromium Cr :≤0.03, zinc Zn :≤0.10, boron :≤0.06; Other elements unspecified: often kind :≤0.03; Add up to :≤0.10 and aluminium Al (minimum value): surplus.
With immediate prior art ratio, technical scheme provided by the invention has following excellent effect:
(1) adopt low temperature ball grinding technique in conjunction with hot isostatic pressing, Hot-extrusions etc. are prepared Graphene and are uniformly distributed in alloy matrix aluminum and good " graphene/aluminum " matrix material extruded bars (or silk material) of interface cohesion, then it can be used as the master alloy of " graphene/aluminum alloy ", make Graphene can join in the aluminium liquid of melting by the form of " graphene/aluminum alloy " master alloy, farthest improve the dispersing uniformity of Graphene in aluminum alloy melt, thus make the suitability for industrialized production of graphitic modified aluminium alloy lead wire cable become possibility.
(2) material preparation process is simple, and it is controlled that technique is adjustable.Material preparation cost is lower, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production, good market prospects.
(3) the present invention uses V-arrangement mixing machine, VC high efficient mixer and Chrome-free bearing steel material abrading-ball are conducive to Graphene being uniformly distributed and interface cohesion therebetween in alloy matrix aluminum.
Embodiment
Prepare to provided by the invention detailed, the specific description that aluminium/graphene composite material does indefiniteness below by specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
Get commercially pure aluminium alloy atomization powder 999 grams, Graphene (Hummer ' s legal system standby) 1g, concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) by granularity 60 μm, the Graphene addition of aluminium alloy atomization powder and interpolation is that the 4.1wt.% mixture of graphene/aluminum alloy complex total amount mixes in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 20r/min and mixes 40h;
(2) mixed powder is put into the VC high efficient mixer mixing 25min of rotating speed 150r/min;
(3) mixed powder, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel material abrading-ball and stearic acid are placed in stirring ball mill simultaneously, are filled with liquid nitrogen, when liquid nitrogen submergence whole abrading-ball, start ball milling.Wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 40: 1;
(4) low temperature ball milling is after 3 hours, and take out powder and be placed in protection of inert gas case, after its temperature return to room temperature, load material is 3A21 aluminum composite, thickness is 2mm, jacket intracavity diameter is Φ 80mm, and jacket cavity heights is in the jacket of 85mm;
(5) in vacuum tightness 2.0 × 10
-3at Pa and 300 DEG C, jacket is carried out vacuum stripping 4h, after degasification terminates, jacket is pounded flat, heal seal;
(6) in 450 DEG C, under 120MPa pressure, by the jacket hot isostatic pressing heat-insulation pressure keeping 3h after sealing;
(7) jacket skin is removed in turning, and obtaining diameter is Φ 55mm, is highly the cylindrical press blank of 55mm;
(8) by this extrusion billet at 340 DEG C, with the hot extrusion under for 15: 1 extrusion ratios of the extrusion machine of tonnage 200t, obtain " graphene/aluminum " compound walking spa-cial system, i.e. graphene/aluminum matrix material.
The bar room temperature tensile intensity of the graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials taking above technique to prepare is 270MPa, and elongation is 13%, and electric conductivity (IACS) is 65%.As compared to the aluminium alloy (tensile strength 150 ~ 200MPa, elongation is 10%, IACS49.9%) not adding Graphene, the tensile strength of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials extruded bars, elongation and electric conductivity all increase.
Embodiment 2 ~ 5 is listed in the table below, and sequence of process steps wherein and term implication and embodiment 1 are with, the different numerical value of the parameter corresponding from embodiment 1 that listed is:
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that; can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to above-described embodiment or equivalent replacement; these do not depart from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, and it all should be encompassed within claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. prepare a method for graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials, the method comprises following processing step:
(1) be the aluminium alloy atomization powder of 60 ~ 65 μm and Graphene addition by granularity be 4.1 ~ 5.0wt.% mixture of graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials amount, mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 20 ~ 25r/min and mix 40-48h;
(2) mixed powder that step (1) is obtained is put into the VC high efficient mixer mixing 25 ~ 30min of rotating speed 150 ~ 180r/min;
(3) made mixed powder, abrading-ball and stearic acid are placed in stirring ball mill, are filled with liquid nitrogen, when liquid nitrogen submergence whole abrading-ball, start ball milling, ratio of grinding media to material is 40: 1;
(4) low temperature ball milling is after 3 hours, and take out powder and be placed in protection of inert gas case, after its temperature return to room temperature, load intracavity diameter is 80 ~ 120mm, and cavity heights is in the aluminum composite jacket of 85 ~ 300mm;
(5) in 300 ~ 350 DEG C and 2.0 × 10
-3under Pa vacuum tightness, to jacket vacuum stripping 4h, after degasification terminates, jacket is pounded flat, heal seal;
(6) under 450 DEG C and 120MPa pressure, hot isostatic pressing is carried out to the described jacket dwell time 3h of sealing;
(7) jacket after hot isostatic pressing is carried out mechanical workout, remove jacket skin, obtain cylindrical press blank, diameter is 55 ~ 85mm, is highly 55 ~ 200mm;
(8) by the extrusion billet of gained at 340 DEG C with tonnage be the extrusion machine of 200 ~ 500t with the extrusion ratio hot extrusion of 15: 1 ~ 20: 1, obtain described graphene/aluminum compound walking spa-cial system.
2. the described method preparing graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials according to claim 1: it is characterized in that, described V-arrangement mixing machine is the not contour mixing staving combined after cuing open into 40 degree of angles by staving, by the mixing machine of pedestal two tanks bearing center axle, in mixing tank, be provided with mandatory whipping appts; Mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 20r/min and mix.
3. the described method preparing graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials according to claim 7, the method comprises following processing step: it is characterized in that, the described VC high efficient mixer of described step (2) is conical shell, and Tong Nei is equipped with at center stirring main shaft.
4. the described method preparing graphene/aluminum matrix material according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, the described abrading-ball of described step (3) is Chrome-free bearing steel material abrading-ball.
5. according to the method preparing graphene/aluminum alloy composite materials of any one of claim 1 ~ 7, it is characterized in that, described aluminium alloy chemical composition is by mass percentage: silicon Si:0.30 ~ 0.7, iron Fe :≤0.50, copper Cu.≤0.10, manganese Mn :≤0.03, magnesium Mg:0.35 ~ 0.8, chromium Cr :≤0.03, zinc Zn.≤0.10, boron :≤0.06; Other elements unspecified: often kind :≤0.03; Add up to :≤0.10 and aluminium Al (minimum value): surplus.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN113178286A (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2021-07-27 | 深圳市黑金工业制造有限公司 | Preparation method of graphene-aluminum composite material wire |
| CN115608994A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-01-17 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Preparation and forming process of magnesium-based composite material lath |
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