CN105112700A - Graphene/aluminum composite material - Google Patents
Graphene/aluminum composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN105112700A CN105112700A CN201510382349.0A CN201510382349A CN105112700A CN 105112700 A CN105112700 A CN 105112700A CN 201510382349 A CN201510382349 A CN 201510382349A CN 105112700 A CN105112700 A CN 105112700A
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Abstract
The invention provides a graphene/aluminum composite material. The addition amount of graphene in the composite material accounts for 0.1-5.0 wt% of the total amount of the composite material. Compared with the mechanical properties and the electric performance of a material to which no graphene is added, the mechanical properties and the electric performance of the graphene/aluminum composite material are improved to different extents. Due to appearance of graphene/aluminum intermediate alloy, the graphene can be added to melted aluminum liquid in a graphene/aluminum intermediate alloy mode, dispersion uniformity of the graphene in the aluminum liquid is improved to the largest extent, and accordingly industrial volume production of graphene modified aluminum wire cables can be achieved through the melting casting method. A preparation method of the composite material includes the steps of mechanical mixing, low-temperature ball milling, vacuum degassing, hot isostatic pressing, extrusion and the like. The technology is simple and controllable, production cost is low, the preparation method is suitable for industrial production, and market prospects are good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of matrix material, specifically relate to a kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Large owing to hanging span in the air, overhead high voltage transmission line, except there are certain requirements the electroconductibility of leader cable, also there are certain requirements the intensity of leader cable.Overhead high voltage electricity transmission conductive wire comparatively conventional both at home and abroad at present comprises copper conductor and aluminium conductor.Compared with aluminium conductor, the good conductivity of copper conductor, intensity is high.But the cost of copper conductor is higher, and copper belongs to strategic resource, and bauxite resource enriches, and widely distributed, cost is low.Although some places transmitting line almost more than 90% uses aluminum composite conductor, the application quantity of some local aluminum composite conductor is less than 1%.Therefore, in order to reduce costs, be necessary the Application and Development strengthening overhead high voltage power transmission aluminium conductor cable.
The aluminium conductor cable material of industrial application comprises fine aluminium and aluminum composite at present, but the matching of the intensity of the two and electroconductibility is all lower.The good conductivity of fine aluminium, but intensity is lower.Existing aluminum composite is on the basis of fine aluminium, and the alloying elements such as interpolation Mg, Si obtain, and obtained matrix material, while the raising strength of materials, but brings the reduction of electroconductibility.In recent years, along with the suspension span of overhead high voltage transmission line is increasing, the performance of aluminium conductor cable is had higher requirement.For this reason, develop that a kind of intensity is high, the aluminium conductor cable of good conductivity just seems very necessary.
Graphene is a kind of two-dimension nano materials be made up of carbon atom, in individual layer sheet structure (thickness is only several nanometer).Due to bi-dimensional cellular crystalline structure and the high bonding strength of its uniqueness, Graphene is the nano material that specific tenacity is high, the hardest in the world known at present, and its breaking tenacity is up to 130Gpa.(ChangguLee, XiaodingWei, JeffreyW.Kysar, etc. JamesHone) people is at (Science, Vol.321, issue18, July2008,385-388) on delivered about " mensuration of single-layer graphene retractility and inherent strength " (Measurementoftheelasticpropertiesandintrinsicstrengthonm onolayergraphene).The more important thing is, material that Graphene or in the world specific conductivity are the highest (resistivity only about 10
-8Ω m), be about 100 times of copper.Therefore, utilize the high strength of Graphene and good electroconductibility, and by itself and fine aluminium or aluminum composite compound, be prepared into graphene/aluminum matrix material, be expected the intensity for improving aluminium cable and electroconductibility, the mechanical property of aluminium conductor and electric property are better mated.
Based on above Discuss and analyse, need to provide a kind of preparation technology to obtain graphene/aluminum matrix material, and the high quality interface realizing the dispersed and graphene/aluminum of Graphene in aluminum substrate combines.Preparation method's mainly melt casting and powder metallurgic method of aluminum current based composites.If graphene/aluminum matrix material adopts the preparation of conventional melt casting, because the two density variation is large, Graphene is difficult in the dispersion of aluminium liquid inner homogeneous, and in addition, the two also high-temperature interface reaction likely occurs in material preparation process, generates Al
4c
3brittlement phase, worsens material property.And adopt powder metallurgic method, graphene nanometer sheet and aluminum composite powder then can be made at room temperature to realize Homogeneous phase mixing, then prepare Graphene by follow-up press working and strengthen aluminum-base composite block materials, the high-temperature interface that inhibit conventional melt casting to bring to greatest extent reacts.
But, fact proved, because graphene nanometer sheet and aluminum composite powder (atomization) all also exist very large difference (see table 1) in pattern, size and density etc., consistency both causing when Material cladding is very poor, even if the aluminium of nonmetallic Graphene and metal is also difficult to form good interface cohesion under powder metallurgical technique.(BARTOLUCCISF, PARASJ, RAFIEEMA, etc. etal.) people is at [[J] .MaterialScienceandEngineeringA, 2011,528:7933-7937.)] magazine discloses Graphene-aluminium nano-composition " Graphene-aluminumnanocomposites ".And for aluminum matrix composite, whether the distribution of wild phase in aluminum substrate be even, whether wild phase reunites, whether interface cohesion is tight, directly decide the quality of composite property.Therefore, how dispersed in aluminum substrate of Graphene realizes, and the high quality interface of graphene/aluminum combines and how to obtain, and is the gordian technique preparing the breakthrough of graphene/aluminum matrix material needs.
The difference of table 1 graphene nanometer sheet and aluminum composite powder
The low temperature ball-milled powder metallurgical technology occurred in recent years is compared with traditional powder metallurgic method, in the dispersiveness improving wild phase and interface cohesion, have obvious advantage.The powder of wild phase and matrix phase just mixes by mechanical ball milling that conventional powder metallurgical technique adopts equably, is difficult to just form interface cohesion between powder in mechanical milling process; And the metallurgical rule of low temperature ball-milled powder introduces the inertia cryogenic medias such as liquid nitrogen (or liquid argon) in traditional Mechanical Milling Process, the milling atmosphere (low temperature and inert media) of its uniqueness makes it have plurality of advantages.Pertinent literature shows (YEJC, HEJH, SCHOENUNGJM.CryomillingforthefabricationofaparticulateB
4creinforcedAlnanocomposite:PartI.Effectsofprocessconditi onsonstructure [J] .MetallurgicalandMaterialsTransactionA, 2006,37A:3099-3109.), ceramic particle/aluminium mixed powder is through low temperature ball milling, while the nanocrystalline aluminum substrate of acquisition, achieve dispersed in aluminium of ceramic particle, also ceramic particle can be coated on aluminium inside, form high-quality interface cohesion.Therefore, can attempt realizing graphene nanometer sheet being uniformly distributed in aluminium by low temperature ball grinding technique, obtaining high-quality graphene/aluminum interface.
Fact proved, adopt low temperature ball-milled powder metallurgy method not only can realize effective interpolation of high quality mark Graphene (1.0%), but also greatly can improve the dispersiveness of Graphene in aluminium and the interface cohesion situation (LIJL of graphene/aluminum, XIONGYC, WANGXD, YANSJ, YANGC, HEWW, CHENJZ, WANGSQ, ZHANGXY, DAISL.Microstructureandtensilepropertiesofbulknanostruct uredaluminum/graphenecompositespreparedviacryomilling [J] .MaterialsScienceandEngineeringA, 2015, 626:400-405).But, though adopt low temperature ball-milled powder metallurgy method can realize the improvement of the interface cohesion of the dispersed and graphene/aluminum of Graphene in aluminium, but, the method complex process, cost is higher, is not suitable for applying in the large-scale engineeringization of low value-added field (such as electrical equipment, cable etc.).
Apply for the through engineering approaches realizing graphene/aluminum matrix material and adapt to the large-scale production of aluminium conductor cable product, just must adopt the method that melting is cast.But, directly join in aluminium liquid if Graphene is left intact, then can observe serious defect (pore, Graphene reunion etc.) in the ingot casting finally obtained, worsen material property.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the invention provides the technical scheme of the relative merits of a kind of consolidated powder metallurgy method and melt casting, prepared a kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material of Graphene modified aluminium leader cable by powder metallurgy in conjunction with the method that melting is cast.In technical scheme provided by the invention: first, adopt low temperature ball grinding technique to prepare Graphene in conjunction with Hot-extrusion to be uniformly distributed in aluminum substrate and good " graphene/aluminum " matrix material extruded bars (or silk material) of interface cohesion, then it can be used as the master alloy of " graphene/aluminum ", make Graphene can join in the aluminium liquid of melting by the form of " graphene/aluminum " master alloy, farthest improve the dispersing uniformity of Graphene in aluminium liquid, thus make the suitability for industrialized production of graphitic modified aluminium leader cable become possibility.
Adopt low temperature ball grinding technique to prepare Graphene in conjunction with Hot-extrusion to be uniformly distributed in aluminum substrate (fine aluminium or aluminum composite) and good " graphene/aluminum " matrix material extruded bars (or silk material) of interface cohesion, it can be used as the master alloy of " graphene/aluminum ".
The object of the invention is to realize by the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material, its improvements are: described matrix material take aluminium as matrix, and Graphene addition is 0.1 ~ 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
Another kind of graphene/aluminum alloy provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is 0.1 ~ 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
Another graphene/aluminum alloy provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is 0.2 ~ 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
4th kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is 0.4 ~ 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
5th kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is 1.0 ~ 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
6th kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material provided by the invention, its improvements are: Graphene addition is the 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
The preparation method of a kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material provided by the invention, the method comprises following processing step:
(1) be that the Al of 30 ~ 70 μm is atomized 0.1 ~ 5.0wt.% mixture that powder and Graphene addition are graphene/aluminum composite wood doses by granularity, mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 10 ~ 30r/min and mix 24 ~ 48h;
(2) mixed powder that step (1) is obtained is put into the VC high efficient mixer mixing 10 ~ 30min of rotating speed 100 ~ 200r/min;
(3) made mixed powder, abrading-ball and stearic acid are placed in stirring ball mill, are filled with liquid nitrogen, when liquid nitrogen submergence whole abrading-ball, start ball milling, ratio of grinding media to material is 30 ~ 40: 1;
(4) low temperature ball milling is after 2 ~ 4 hours, and take out powder and be placed in protection of inert gas case, after its temperature return to room temperature, load intracavity diameter is 80 ~ 120mm, and cavity heights is in the aluminum composite jacket of 85 ~ 300mm;
(5) in 300 ~ 350 DEG C and 2.0 × 10
-3under Pa vacuum tightness, to jacket vacuum stripping 2 ~ 4h, after degasification terminates, jacket is pounded flat, heal seal;
(6) under 400 ~ 500 DEG C and 100 ~ 120MPa pressure, hot isostatic pressing is carried out to the described jacket dwell time 2 ~ 4h of sealing;
(7) jacket after hot isostatic pressing is carried out mechanical workout, remove jacket skin, obtain cylindrical press blank, diameter is 55 ~ 85mm, is highly 55 ~ 200mm;
(8) by the extrusion billet of gained at 300 ~ 350 DEG C with tonnage be the extrusion machine of 200 ~ 500t with the extrusion ratio hot extrusion of 15: 1 ~ 20: 1, obtain described graphene/aluminum compound walking spa-cial system.
Another kind provided by the invention prepares the method for graphene/aluminum matrix material, the method comprises following processing step: its improvements are, described V-arrangement mixing machine is the not contour mixing staving combined after cuing open into 40 degree of angles by staving, by the mixing machine of pedestal two tanks bearing center axle, in mixing tank, be provided with mandatory whipping appts; Mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 20 ~ 30r/min and mix 15 ~ 24h.
Provided by the invention separately another prepares the method for graphene/aluminum matrix material, and the method comprises following processing step: its improvements are, the described VC high efficient mixer of described step (2) is conical shell, and Tong Nei is equipped with at center stirring main shaft.
Another kind provided by the invention prepares the method for graphene/aluminum matrix material, and the method comprises following processing step: its improvements are, the described abrading-ball of described step (3) is high-carbon-chromium bearing steel material abrading-ball.
With immediate prior art ratio, technical scheme provided by the invention has following excellent effect:
(1) adopt low temperature ball grinding technique to prepare Graphene in conjunction with hot isostatic pressing, Hot-extrusion etc. to be uniformly distributed in aluminum substrate and good " graphene/aluminum " matrix material extruded bars (or silk material) of interface cohesion, then it can be used as the master alloy of " graphene/aluminum ", make Graphene can join in the aluminium liquid of melting by the form of " graphene/aluminum " master alloy, farthest improve the dispersing uniformity of Graphene in aluminium liquid, thus make the suitability for industrialized production of graphitic modified aluminium leader cable become possibility.
(2) material preparation process is simple, and it is controlled that technique is adjustable.Material preparation cost is lower, is applicable to suitability for industrialized production, good market prospects.
(3) the present invention uses V-arrangement mixing machine, VC high efficient mixer and high-carbon-chromium bearing steel material abrading-ball are conducive to Graphene being uniformly distributed and interface cohesion therebetween in aluminum substrate.
Embodiment
Prepare to provided by the invention detailed, the specific description that aluminium/graphene composite material does indefiniteness below by specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
Get commercially pure Al and be atomized powder (nitrogen atomization, purity >=99%) 999 grams, Graphene (Hummer ' s legal system standby) 1g, concrete preparation process is as follows:
(1) by granularity 30 μm, the Graphene addition that pure Al is atomized powder and interpolation is that the 0.1wt.% mixture of graphene/aluminum mixture total amount mixes in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 10r/min and mixes 24h;
(2) mixed powder is put into the VC high efficient mixer mixing 10min of rotating speed 100r/min;
(3) mixed powder, high-carbon-chromium bearing steel material abrading-ball and stearic acid are placed in stirring ball mill simultaneously, are filled with liquid nitrogen, when liquid nitrogen submergence whole abrading-ball, start ball milling.Wherein ratio of grinding media to material is 30: 1;
(4) low temperature ball milling is after 2 hours, and take out powder and be placed in protection of inert gas case, after its temperature return to room temperature, load material is 3A21 aluminum composite, thickness is 2mm, jacket intracavity diameter is Φ 80mm, and jacket cavity heights is in the jacket of 85mm;
(5) in vacuum tightness 2.0 × 10
-3at Pa and 300 DEG C, jacket is carried out vacuum stripping 2h, after degasification terminates, jacket is pounded flat, heal seal;
(6) in 400 DEG C, under 100MPa pressure, by the jacket hot isostatic pressing heat-insulation pressure keeping 2h after sealing;
(7) jacket skin is removed in turning, and obtaining diameter is Φ 55mm, is highly the cylindrical press blank of 55mm;
(8) by this extrusion billet at 300 DEG C, with the hot extrusion under for 15: 1 extrusion ratios of the extrusion machine of tonnage 200t, obtain " graphene/aluminum " compound walking spa-cial system, i.e. graphene/aluminum matrix material.
The bar room temperature tensile intensity of the graphene/aluminum matrix material taking above technique to prepare is 160MPa, and elongation is 20%, and electric conductivity (IACS) is 70%.As compared to the fine aluminium (tensile strength 100MPa, elongation is 11%, IACS62%) not adding Graphene, the tensile strength of graphene/aluminum matrix material extruded bars improves 60%, and elongation improves 82%, and electric conductivity improves 13%.
Embodiment 2 ~ 5 is listed in the table below, and sequence of process steps wherein and term implication and embodiment 1 are with, the different numerical value of the parameter corresponding from embodiment 1 that listed is:
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that; can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to above-described embodiment or equivalent replacement; these do not depart from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, and it all should be encompassed within claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a graphene/aluminum matrix material, is characterized in that: described matrix material take aluminium as matrix, and Graphene addition is 0.1 ~ 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
2. a kind of graphene/aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Graphene addition is 0.1 ~ 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
3. a kind of graphene/aluminum alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Graphene addition is 0.2 ~ 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
4. a kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Graphene addition is 0.4 ~ 5.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
5. a kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Graphene addition is 1.0 ~ 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
6. a kind of graphene/aluminum matrix material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: Graphene addition is the 3.0wt.% of described graphene/aluminum matrix material.
7. prepare the graphene/aluminum matrix material described in any one claim of claim 1 ~ 6, described graphene/aluminum matrix material is prepared by following processing step:
(1) be that the Al of 30 ~ 70 μm is atomized 0.1 ~ 5.0wt.% mixture that powder and Graphene addition are graphene/aluminum composite wood doses by granularity, mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 10 ~ 30r/min and mix 24 ~ 48h;
(2) mixed powder that step (1) is obtained is put into the VC high efficient mixer mixing 10 ~ 30min of rotating speed 100 ~ 200r/min;
(3) made mixed powder, abrading-ball and stearic acid are placed in stirring ball mill, are filled with liquid nitrogen, when liquid nitrogen submergence whole abrading-ball, start ball milling, ratio of grinding media to material is 30 ~ 40: 1;
(4) low temperature ball milling is after 2 ~ 4 hours, and take out powder and be placed in protection of inert gas case, after its temperature return to room temperature, load intracavity diameter is 80 ~ 120mm, and cavity heights is in the aluminum composite jacket of 85 ~ 300mm;
(5) in 300 ~ 350 DEG C and 2.0 × 10
-3under Pa vacuum tightness, to jacket vacuum stripping 2 ~ 4h, after degasification terminates, jacket is pounded flat, heal seal;
(6) under 400 ~ 500 DEG C and 100 ~ 120MPa pressure, hot isostatic pressing is carried out to the described jacket dwell time 2 ~ 4h of sealing;
(7) jacket after hot isostatic pressing is carried out mechanical workout, remove jacket skin, obtain cylindrical press blank, diameter is 55 ~ 85mm, is highly 55 ~ 200mm;
(8) by the extrusion billet of gained at 300 ~ 350 DEG C with tonnage be the extrusion machine of 200 ~ 500t with the extrusion ratio hot extrusion of 15: 1 ~ 20: 1, obtain described graphene/aluminum compound walking spa-cial system.
8. the described method preparing graphene/aluminum matrix material according to claim 7, the method comprises following processing step: it is characterized in that, described V-arrangement mixing machine is the not contour mixing staving combined after cuing open into 40 degree of angles by staving, by the mixing machine of pedestal two tanks bearing center axle, in mixing tank, be provided with mandatory whipping appts; Mix in powder machine in " V " type of rotating speed 20 ~ 30r/min and mix 15 ~ 24h.
9. the described method preparing graphene/aluminum matrix material according to claim 7, the method comprises following processing step: it is characterized in that, the described VC high efficient mixer of described step (2) is conical shell, and Tong Nei is equipped with at center stirring main shaft.
10. the described method preparing graphene/aluminum matrix material according to claim 7, the method comprises following processing step: it is characterized in that, the described abrading-ball of described step (3) is high-carbon-chromium bearing steel material abrading-ball.
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