CN111101026A - Preparation method of high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
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- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing Ti powder, carbon nanotube powder, carbon black and Al powder, performing ball milling, putting the mixture into a die to perform cold pressing to obtain a preformed blank, performing combustion synthesis reaction to obtain an intermediate alloy sintered blank of micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles, mixing the intermediate alloy sintered blank and a melt of an aluminum alloy in a spray forming device, performing spray deposition after atomization to obtain a micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material blank, and performing extrusion deformation and solid solution aging treatment to obtain a tubular or rod-shaped high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material; the method can simultaneously improve the strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy, when the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles account for 0.5 percent of the aluminum matrix composite material by mass, the tensile strength is improved by 23.9 percent, and the elongation is improved by 33.3 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum matrix composite material.
Background
The aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of low density, high corrosion resistance, excellent electric and heat conductivity, good processability and the like, and has very wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, automobile industry and the like. The TiC particles have high strength, high modulus and high melting point, are well wetted with an aluminum matrix, and are an ideal reinforcing phase of the aluminum-based alloy. In addition, TiC and aluminum are in face-centered cubic structures, the lattice constants are close, and the TiC and the aluminum can be used as heterogeneous nucleation cores of aluminum melts, so that the grain size is refined.
The aluminum alloy has good comprehensive performance and is applied to the fields of aviation, national defense, civil industry and the like. However, with the development of the advanced fields such as weaponry and new energy, the requirements for the comprehensive properties of the material are higher and higher, and how to simultaneously improve the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy is a key point.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of improving the tensile strength and the elongation of the aluminum alloy at the same time, thereby providing a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material. The method can effectively improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing Ti powder, carbon nanotube powder, carbon black and Al powder, and performing ball milling treatment, and then putting the mixture into a die to perform cold pressing to form a prefabricated blank; carrying out combustion synthesis reaction on the prefabricated blank to obtain a master alloy sintering blank of micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles;
(2) putting the aluminum alloy blank into an induction furnace of a spray forming device, heating to 750-780 ℃ and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; meanwhile, sealing the intermediate alloy sintered blank prepared in the step (1) by using an aluminum foil, heating the intermediate alloy sintered blank to 500 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 hours, taking out the intermediate alloy sintered blank, quickly pressing the intermediate alloy sintered blank into the aluminum alloy melt, and stirring to completely melt the intermediate alloy sintered blank mixed with the micro-nano Al-C-Ti particles into the aluminum alloy melt to obtain a mixed alloy melt;
(3) atomizing the mixed alloy melt obtained in the step (2) in an atomizing chamber of the spray forming equipment to form mixed alloy atomized particles, spraying the mixed alloy atomized particles from a nozzle of the spray forming equipment under the protection of inert gas, and depositing the mixed alloy atomized particles on a depositor of the spray forming equipment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material blank reinforced by micro-nano hybrid Al-C-Ti particles, wherein the micro-nano hybrid Al-C-Ti particles account for 0.5-2% of the aluminum-based composite material blank by mass;
(4) and sequentially carrying out extrusion deformation and solid solution aging treatment on the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite blank to finally obtain the high-strength and high-toughness aluminum matrix composite.
Further, the mass ratio of the Ti powder, the carbon nanotube powder, the carbon black and the Al powder in the step (1) is 1:0.9:0.9: 7. Adding carbon nanotube powder and carbon black into an Al-Ti-C system to change the composition and the proportion of a carbon source, thereby obtaining an Al-C-Ti particle intermediate alloy sintered blank with micron and nanometer mixed particles.
Further, in the ball milling treatment process in the step (1), steel balls with the diameter of 5mm are adopted, the steel balls are sealed under the protection of argon according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and ball milling is carried out for 20 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min.
Further, the combustion synthesis reaction in the step (1) is vacuum sintering under the protection of argon, the combustion temperature is 1100-1300 ℃, the pressure is 50MPa, and the heat preservation time is 4 min.
Further, the aluminum alloy blank in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8 to 6.8 percent of Cu5, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Mg and the balance of Al.
Further, the temperature of the atomization treatment in the step (3) is 750-800 ℃; the spraying pressure sprayed by the nozzle is 0.6MPa to 0.1MPa, the spraying angle is 15 degrees to 40 degrees, and the spraying distance is 400mm to 750 mm; the rotating speed of the depositor is 40 r/min-90 r/min, and the depositing speed is 4 Kg/min-10 Kg/min.
Further, the extrusion deformation temperature in the step (4) is 420-450 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 6; the temperature of solid solution in the solid solution aging treatment is 520-540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3h, the temperature of aging is 150-200 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 12 h.
The beneficial technical effects are as follows:
(1) according to the invention, the prepared intermediate alloy sintering blank of the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles is used as a reinforcing phase, and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved by the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles; compared with an aluminum matrix, when the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles account for 0.5-2% of the aluminum matrix composite material by mass, the tensile strength of the prepared aluminum matrix composite material is improved by 7.7-23.9%, and the elongation is improved by 6.7-33.3%.
(2) According to the invention, micron and nanometer mixed Al-C-Ti particles are simultaneously introduced into the aluminum alloy matrix, the two particles with different sizes complement each other and generate a synergistic effect, and the spray forming technology is adopted, so that the problem of uneven dispersion of part of nanoparticles is effectively avoided, and the effect of Al-C-Ti particles on enhancing the aluminum alloy is ensured.
(3) The preparation method of the composite material is simple, low in cost and strong in controllability, and can be used for large-scale production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the spray forming process in step (3) of the preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and specific examples, without limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing Ti powder, carbon nanotube powder, carbon black and Al powder according to the mass ratio of 1:0.9:0.9:7, uniformly mixing, carrying out ball milling treatment, putting into a mold, and cold-pressing into a prefabricated blank; carrying out combustion synthesis reaction on the prefabricated blank to obtain a master alloy sintering blank of micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles;
the ball milling process is to adopt steel balls with the diameter of 5mm, seal the steel balls under the protection of argon according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and ball mill the steel balls for 20 hours at the rotating speed of 400 r/min;
the combustion synthesis reaction is vacuum sintering under the protection of argon, the combustion temperature is 1200 ℃, the pressure is 50MPa, and the heat preservation time is 4 min;
(2) putting the aluminum alloy blank into an induction furnace of a spray forming device, heating to 770 ℃, and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; meanwhile, sealing the intermediate alloy sintered blank prepared in the step (1) by using an aluminum foil, heating the intermediate alloy sintered blank to 500 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 hours, taking out the intermediate alloy sintered blank, quickly pressing the intermediate alloy sintered blank into the aluminum alloy melt, stirring the intermediate alloy sintered blank to completely melt the intermediate alloy sintered blank mixed with the micro-nano Al-C-Ti particles into the aluminum alloy melt to obtain a mixed alloy melt,
the aluminum alloy blank is 2219 type aluminum alloy, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8 to 6.8 percent of Cu, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Mg and the balance of Al;
(3) atomizing the mixed alloy melt obtained in the step (2) in an atomizing chamber of the spray forming equipment to form mixed alloy atomized particles, spraying the mixed alloy atomized particles from a nozzle of the spray forming equipment under the protection of inert gas argon to deposit the mixed alloy atomized particles on a depositor of the spray forming equipment to form a deposition body, and obtaining an aluminum-based composite blank reinforced by micro-nano hybrid Al-C-Ti particles, wherein the micro-nano hybrid Al-C-Ti particles account for 0.5% of the aluminum-based composite blank by mass, and the schematic diagram of the spray forming process in the step (3) is shown in fig. 1; the atomization principle of the atomization chamber is as follows: when the mixed alloy melt enters the atomizing chamber from the induction furnace of the spray forming equipment and is guided onto the rotating disc of the atomizing chamber, the liquid mixed alloy melt is thrown out by the rotating disc which rotates rapidly, and the centrifugal force of the rotating disc exceeds the surface tension and viscous force of the mixed alloy melt, so that the mixed alloy melt becomes unstable and is crushed into mist, and atomization is realized;
the temperature of the atomization treatment is 790 ℃; the spraying pressure sprayed by the nozzle is 0.85MPa, the spraying angle is 30 degrees, and the spraying distance is 675 mm; the rotating speed of the depositor is 75r/min, and the depositing speed is 7 Kg/min;
(4) sequentially carrying out extrusion deformation and solid solution aging treatment on the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite blank to finally obtain a tubular or rod-shaped high-strength and high-toughness aluminum matrix composite, wherein the extrusion deformation temperature is 440 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 6; and the solid solution temperature in the solid solution aging treatment is 535 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours, so that the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is finally obtained.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles in the step (3) account for 1% of the aluminum-based composite material blank by mass.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is the same as that in the embodiment 1, except that the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles in the step (3) account for 2% of the aluminum-based composite material blank by mass.
Example 4
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 2, except that the temperature of the combustion synthesis reaction in the step (1) is 1300 ℃; the heating temperature of the induction furnace in the step (2) is 750 ℃; the temperature of the atomization treatment in the step (3) is 750 ℃; the spraying pressure sprayed by the nozzle is 0.1MPa, the spraying angle is 15 degrees, and the spraying distance is 750 mm; the rotating speed of the depositor is 40r/min, and the depositing speed is 4 Kg/min; the extrusion deformation temperature in the step (4) is 450 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 6; the solid solution temperature in the solid solution aging treatment is 540 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the aging temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours.
Example 5
The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material of the embodiment is the same as that of the embodiment 3, except that the temperature of the combustion synthesis reaction in the step (1) is 1100 ℃; the heating temperature of the induction furnace in the step (2) is 780 ℃; the temperature of the atomization treatment in the step (3) is 800 ℃; the spraying pressure sprayed by the nozzle is 0.6MPa, the spraying angle is 40 degrees, and the spraying distance is 400 mm; the rotating speed of the depositor is 90r/min, and the depositing speed is 10 Kg/min; the extrusion deformation temperature in the step (4) is 420 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 6; the solid solution temperature in the solid solution aging treatment is 520 ℃, the heat preservation time is 3 hours, the aging temperature is 150 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 12 hours.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is the same as the example 1 except that the intermediate alloy sintered compact of micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles of the step (1) is not prepared.
The materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to room temperature mechanical property test, the test method was performed according to GB/T228.1-2010 using (CMT-5105) tensile compression testing machine for room temperature mechanical property test, and the tensile rate was 1 × 10- 3m/s. Test results the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of the materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
As can be seen from table 1, compared with comparative example 1, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite materials prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 are improved to different degrees, wherein the relevant mechanical properties of example 1 are optimal, the tensile strength is improved by 23.9%, and the elongation is improved by 33.3%; compared with the comparative example 1, the tensile strength of the example 2 is improved by 7.7 percent, and the elongation is improved by 13.3 percent; the tensile strength of the example 3 is improved by 13.2 percent and the elongation is improved by 6.7 percent compared with the tensile strength of the comparative example 1.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing Ti powder, carbon nanotube powder, carbon black and Al powder, ball-milling, putting into a die, and cold-pressing into a prefabricated blank; carrying out combustion synthesis reaction on the prefabricated blank to obtain a master alloy sintering blank of micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles;
(2) putting the aluminum alloy blank into an induction furnace of a spray forming device, heating to 750-780 ℃ and melting to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; meanwhile, sealing the intermediate alloy sintered blank prepared in the step (1) by using an aluminum foil, heating the intermediate alloy sintered blank to 500 ℃, preserving the heat for 2 hours, taking out the intermediate alloy sintered blank, quickly pressing the intermediate alloy sintered blank into the aluminum alloy melt, and stirring to completely melt the intermediate alloy sintered blank mixed with the micro-nano Al-C-Ti particles into the aluminum alloy melt to obtain a mixed alloy melt;
(3) atomizing the mixed alloy melt obtained in the step (2) in an atomizing chamber of the spray forming equipment to form mixed alloy atomized particles, spraying the mixed alloy atomized particles from a nozzle of the spray forming equipment, and depositing the mixed alloy atomized particles on a depositor of the spray forming equipment to obtain a micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material blank, wherein the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particles account for 0.5-2% of the aluminum-based composite material blank by mass;
(4) and sequentially carrying out extrusion deformation and solid solution aging treatment on the micro-nano mixed Al-C-Ti particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite blank to finally obtain the tubular or rod-shaped high-strength high-toughness aluminum matrix composite.
2. The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the Ti powder, the carbon nanotube powder, the carbon black and the Al powder in step (1) is 1:0.9:0.9: 7.
3. The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the ball milling treatment in the step (1) is performed by adopting steel balls with the diameter of 5mm, sealing the steel balls under the protection of argon according to the ball-to-material ratio of 10:1, and ball milling at the rotating speed of 400r/min for 20 hours.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the combustion synthesis reaction in the step (1) is vacuum sintering under the protection of argon, the combustion temperature is 1100-1300 ℃, the pressure is 50MPa, and the heat preservation time is 4 min.
5. The preparation method of the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy blank in the step (2) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5.8 to 6.8 percent of Cu, 0.20 to 0.40 percent of Mn, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of Zr, 0.10 to 0.25 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.30 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.1 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Mg and the balance of Al.
6. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the atomization treatment in the step (3) is 750 ℃ to 800 ℃; the spraying pressure sprayed by the nozzle is 0.6MPa to 0.1MPa, the spraying angle is 15 degrees to 40 degrees, and the spraying distance is 400mm to 750 mm; the rotating speed of the depositor is 40 r/min-90 r/min, and the depositing speed is 4 Kg/min-10 Kg/min.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength high-toughness aluminum-based composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the extrusion deformation temperature in the step (4) is 420-450 ℃, and the extrusion ratio is 6; the temperature of solid solution in the solid solution aging treatment is 520-540 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3h, the temperature of aging is 150-200 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 12 h.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN111733357A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-10-02 | 范语楠 | Preparation method of high-volume-fraction ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN112247156A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-22 | 吉林大学 | Titanium alloy powder of endogenous nano TiC particles and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113042748A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-29 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing high-strength high-elongation Al-Cu-Mg alloy by SLM |
| CN113416861A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of micro-nano dual-scale TiC particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material |
| CN113444906A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-09-28 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing carbon nano tube reinforced light aluminum-based alloy |
| CN113462921A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-01 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing carbon nano tube reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy |
| CN113481401A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-08 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing Al/CNT composite material |
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Cited By (9)
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| CN111733357A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-10-02 | 范语楠 | Preparation method of high-volume-fraction ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN111733357B (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2022-04-12 | 范语楠 | Preparation method of high-volume-fraction ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
| CN112247156A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-22 | 吉林大学 | Titanium alloy powder of endogenous nano TiC particles and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113042748A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-29 | 中北大学 | Method for preparing high-strength high-elongation Al-Cu-Mg alloy by SLM |
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