CN105101786A - 确定蛋中胚胎的性别的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于确定蛋(12)中的至少一个胚胎的性别的方法,其中借助于至少一种检测方法确定所述胚胎的性别,所述方法至少就蛋(12)而言是非入侵性的,其中借助于所述非入侵性的检测方法,确定至少一种表征蛋(12)中的雌二醇的浓度的雌二醇值,并根据该雌二醇值确定性别。
Description
根据专利权利要求1的前序,本发明涉及用于确定蛋(特别是鸡蛋)中胚胎的性别的方法。
在家禽饲养中,雄性雏鸡是经济上不希望的,因为它们或公鸡不产蛋,且几乎不增加重量,因此雄性雏鸡在出壳后通常被分选和宰杀。除了用于确保满足动物保护方面的成本以外,还会产生另外的成本,因为必须孵化所有蛋,无论它是具有雄性胚胎的蛋还是具有雌性胚胎的蛋。确定蛋中性别可防止该成本。
在研究中已经存在非常复杂的方法,以确定蛋内(特别是鸡蛋内)的胚胎的性别,其借助就蛋而言入侵性的方法确定。例如,借助于激光在蛋壳中引入几毫米大小的洞。借助于OCT(光学相干断层扫描),无接触地定位蛋的胚盘。最后,借助于红外光谱法确定性别。
从US6,029,089可已知一种用于确定蛋中(特别是鸡蛋中)的至少一个胚胎的性别的方法。在该方法中,借助于至少一种就蛋而言非入侵性的确定方法确定性别。进行的非入侵性确定方法例如是磁共振断层摄影术方法。借助于该非入侵性确定方法检查胚胎的生殖器官。最后,根据该检查确定胚胎的性别。
该方法也是复杂的,且因此是高成本的;此外,必须非常长时间地孵化蛋,以便在此后检查至少部分形成的胚胎的生殖器官。
因此,本发明的目的是,进一步开发本文开始处提及的用于蛋内(特别是鸡蛋内)的性别确定的方法,以致可用特别简单的且因此节省时间和成本的方式特别早地确定性别。
通过具有专利权利要求1的特征的方法实现了该目的。在其余权利要求中给出了有利的实施方案,其具有本发明的有利的和不平凡的扩展方案。
在这样的确定蛋中(特别是禽蛋中和特别是鸡蛋中)的至少一个胚胎的性别的方法中,借助于至少一种至少就蛋而言非入侵性的确定方法确定胚胎的性别。
为了实现特别简单的、节省时间和成本以及就蛋龄而言特别早的性别确定,根据本发明提供,借助于非入侵性确定方法确定至少一种表征蛋中的雌二醇浓度的雌二醇值。根据所确定的雌二醇值确定性别。
借助于根据本发明的方法可实现的胚胎性别的确定是指,所述胚胎不必或尚未存在于蛋中。换而言之,所述胚胎不必或尚未完全形成。如果胚胎没有或尚未或未完全形成,则胚胎性别的确定被理解为是指,确定任选在将来发育的胚胎的性别。因为根据本发明的方法使得在胚胎尚未发育的情况下确定性别成为可能。换而言之,所述方法可以在这样的蛋状态或蛋龄进行:其中胚胎根本还没有发育、仅部分发育或已经完全地发育。优选地,当胚胎尚未发育或仅部分地发育时,进行所述方法。这意味着,确定在将来任选发育的胚胎的性别,和/或确定胚胎如果发育则可能具有的性别。
雌二醇是存在于蛋中的雌性性激素,其在蛋中的浓度借助于所述非入侵性确定方法来确定。通过确定雌性性激素雌二醇的浓度可特别早期地且以非常高的可能性正确地确定胚胎的性别,所述胚胎特别是在此之后,即在将来才任选发育。由此可以避免或至少很小保持在开头处描述的措施的耗费,因为在从蛋孵化出发育的动物(特别是禽类,且特别是雏鸡)之前可以采取相应的措施。
此外,在根据本发明的方法的范围内,没有提供且不必打开蛋壳和从蛋中取出组分或物质。因此,为确定性别所需的时间-和成本耗费可以保持得特别低。
在本发明的特别有利的实施方案中,进行的非入侵性确定方法是成像方法,特别是磁共振波谱方法。由此可特别快速地和精确地确定蛋中的雌二醇的浓度,以至于可以以非常高的可能性正确地确定性别或预期的性别。
已经证实特别有利的是,如果借助于非入侵性确定方法、特别是借助于成像方法和特别是借助于磁共振波谱法确定蛋中的氢原子和/或碳原子的化学位移,由此根据所确定的位移确定雌二醇值。由此可以特别精确地推断出雌二醇值并且最终推断出将来任选发育的胚胎的预期性别。
已经证实有利的是,以单位百万分之一(ppm)确定化学位移。为了确定蛋内的氢原子的化学位移,例如,将进行1H-波谱法。为了确定蛋内的碳原子的化学位移,例如,将进行13C-波谱法。由此可特别准确地确定雌二醇值,以致于又可以以非常高的可能性正确地确定性别。
在本发明的一个特别有利的实施方案中,借助于所述非入侵性确定方法确定至少一种表征蛋中的睾酮浓度的睾酮值。此外,确定雌二醇值与所确定的睾酮值的比率,由此根据所述对比确定性别。换言之,将蛋中的雌性性激素雌二醇与雄性性激素睾酮进行对比。然后,根据该对比可以在胚胎和特别是雏鸡已经部分地或完全地发育之前以非常高的可能性正确地确定性别。
为了实现特别有说服力的结果,已经证实特别有利的是,在蛋的第30个孵化日之前,确定雌二醇值和任选的睾酮值。
如果在孵化的第25个孵化日之前、特别是大约在第17个孵化日确定雌二醇值和任选的睾酮值,所述方法也能实现特别好的结果。由此可以在特别早的时期施行任选的且根据所确定地性别要施行的和与蛋有关的措施,由此可以保持成本较低且可以实现非常好的动物保护方面。
已经证实特别有利的是,在蛋的同一孵化日确定雌二醇值和睾酮值。由此可以特别好地彼此对比雌二醇值和睾酮值。
与确定蛋内(特别是鸡蛋内)性别的传统方法不同,所述方法在非常短时间地孵育蛋以后,即在非常少的孵化天数以后已经能进行。与此同时,可以以非入侵性的方式实现非常精确的性别确定。
从随后优选实施例的描述和通过参考附图,可以看出本发明的其它优点、特征和细节。在上文说明书中提及的特征和特征的组合、以及在下文附图描述中提及的和/或在单独附图中示出的特征和特征的组合不仅可以用在各自说明的组合中,而且可以用在其它组合中或单独使用,而不脱离本发明的范围。
在附图中,
图1显示了第一个实施方案的装置的侧视图的示意性部分断面,所述装置用于进行确定鸡蛋中的至少一个胚胎的性别的方法,其中借助于磁共振波谱法形式的非入侵性确定方法确定至少一种表征鸡蛋中的雌二醇浓度的雌二醇值,由此根据所确定的雌二醇值确定在将来任选发育的胚胎的性别;
图2显示了第二个实施方案的装置的侧视图的示意性透视断面;
图3显示了第三个实施方案的装置的侧视图的示意性透视断面;
图4显示了第四个实施方案的装置的示意性侧视图;
图5显示了雌二醇的结构式;和
图6显示了具有雌二醇的化学位移的表。
图1显示了第一个实施方案的核自旋断层照相装置10,借助于此,进行磁共振波谱法形式的确定方法,用于确定蛋12中的胚胎的性别。为此,将蛋12布置在核自旋断层照相装置10内的检查台14上。所述确定方法或所述磁共振波谱法就蛋12而言是非入侵性的。这意味着,为了确定性别,没有打开蛋12的壳,且没有从蛋12取出组分或物质。图1仅显示了一个蛋12。当然,也可以在核自旋断层照相装置10中同时布置多个蛋并检查它们各自的性别。
确定或检查蛋12中的胚胎被理解为是指,确定蛋12中在将来任选发育的胚胎的性别。换而言之,蛋12中的胚胎不必发育或完全发育以确定性别。这意味着,所确定的性别是所述胚胎如果发育将会具有的性别。
因为所述方法使得确定在将来任选发育的胚胎,即在蛋12的特别早的年龄,即特别早的时期的可能发育的胚胎的性别成为可能。例如,在蛋12的大约第17个孵化日确定性别。这是可行的,因为,如将在下面解释的,借助于磁共振波谱法不是检查甚至尚未存在于蛋12中的胚胎本身。借助于磁共振波谱法形式的非入侵性确定方法确定的是至少一种雌二醇值,其表征蛋12中的雌二醇(特别是17β-雌二醇)的浓度,由此根据所确定的雌二醇值确定性别。
如从图2、3和4可以看出的,可以采用核自旋断层照相装置10的不同实施方案确定性别。在这里,在每种情况下将蛋12布置在相应核自旋断层照相装置10的所谓的观察区中,以进行所述确定方法。换言之,将蛋12布置在相应核自旋断层照相装置10的各扫描范围(Erfassungsbereich)中,以能够借助于核自旋断层照相装置10扫描蛋12并确定雌二醇值。
图5显示了17β-雌二醇的结构式。借助于磁共振波谱法以单位百万分之一(ppm)确定蛋12中的氢-和/或碳原子的化学位移。为此,例如进行1H-或13C-波谱法。
图6显示了17β-雌二醇的化学位移的表,其中δH表示17β-雌二醇的H原子的化学位移,且δC表示17β-雌二醇的C原子的化学位移。NOEs表示核极化效应(NOE-Nuclear-Overhauser-Effect),其中s表示强的核极化效应强度,m表示中等核极化效应强度,且w表示弱核极化效应强度。另外,在分子动力学计算中将核极化效应强度转化成2.7、3.5和5.0埃的上限距离条件。
此外,借助磁共振波谱法可以至少就蛋12而言非入侵性地确定表征蛋12中的睾酮浓度的睾酮值。最后,形成雌二醇值与睾酮值的比率,由此根据该比率确定性别。由此可以在非常早的时间点(即仅在蛋12的非常少的孵化天数以后)以特别高的可能性正确地确定或预测性别。雌性性激素雌二醇或17β-雌二醇以及雄性性激素睾酮的确定使得在这里实现特别有说服力的结果成为可能,以致于可以以非常高的可能性正确预言在蛋12中将会发育出雄性的或雌性雏鸡。
因为该方法可以在雏鸡发育之前和它孵化之前进行,所以也能根据所确定或发现的性别在特别早的时间采取合适措施,从而确保胚胎或雏鸡的发育或者阻止发育或进一步发育。
Claims (7)
1.用于确定蛋(12)中的至少一个胚胎的性别的方法,其中借助至少一种至少就蛋(12)而言非入侵性的确定方法确定所述胚胎的性别,
其特征在于
借助于所述非入侵性确定方法,确定至少一种表征蛋(12)中的雌二醇的浓度的雌二醇值,并根据该雌二醇值确定性别。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,
其特征在于
进行成像方法、特别是磁共振波谱法作为所述非入侵性确定方法。
3.根据权利要求1或2的任一项的方法,
其特征在于
借助于所述非入侵性确定方法确定蛋(12)中的氢原子和/或碳原子的化学位移,并根据该确定的位移确定雌二醇值。
4.根据前述权利要求的任一项的方法,
其特征在于
借助于所述非入侵性确定方法确定至少一种表征蛋(12)中的睾酮的浓度的睾酮值,并确定雌二醇值与睾酮值的比率,由此根据该对比确定性别。
5.根据前述权利要求的任一项的方法,
其特征在于
在所述蛋的第30个孵化日之前确定雌二醇值。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,
其特征在于
在第25个孵化日之前,特别是在大约第17个孵化日,确定雌二醇值。
7.根据权利要求4-6的任一项的方法,
其特征在于
在所述蛋的同一孵化日确定雌二醇值和睾酮值。
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DE102013205426.2 | 2013-03-27 | ||
PCT/EP2014/055278 WO2014154513A1 (de) | 2013-03-27 | 2014-03-17 | Verfahren zum bestimmen des geschlechts eines embryos in einem ei |
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CN111213048A (zh) * | 2017-07-23 | 2020-05-29 | 太赫兹集团有限公司 | 用于非侵入性地确定蛋性质的系统及方法 |
CN111344587A (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-06-26 | 慕尼黑科技大学 | 自动无创式确定禽蛋的生育力和胚胎性别 |
CN112154326A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2020-12-29 | 塞莱格特有限公司 | 用于确定鸡胚胎的性别的方法 |
CN112444631A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-05 | 北京动物园 | 一种检测鹤性别的试剂盒 |
CN112444630A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-05 | 北京动物园 | 一种同时检测雌二醇和睾酮的速测卡及其制备和使用方法 |
US11570971B2 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2023-02-07 | Novatrans Group S.A. | System and method for in ovo sexing of avian embryos |
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PL3465222T3 (pl) * | 2016-05-24 | 2021-09-27 | In Ovo Holding B.V. | Sposób i układ nieniszczącego określania płci ptactwa drobiu in ovo |
WO2019007521A1 (en) * | 2017-07-06 | 2019-01-10 | Seleggt Gmbh | METHOD FOR EGG OUTBREAK |
JP6930727B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-20 | 2021-09-01 | 株式会社ナベル | 入卵前の種卵の性別指向選抜装置 |
ES2882283T3 (es) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-12-01 | Leibniz Institut Fuer Analytische Wss Isas E V | Procedimiento para la determinación del sexo in ovo de huevos de aves |
NL2026004B1 (en) | 2020-07-05 | 2022-03-11 | In Ovo Holding B V | Egg Determining Method and Device |
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CN111213048A (zh) * | 2017-07-23 | 2020-05-29 | 太赫兹集团有限公司 | 用于非侵入性地确定蛋性质的系统及方法 |
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CN111344587A (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-06-26 | 慕尼黑科技大学 | 自动无创式确定禽蛋的生育力和胚胎性别 |
CN111344587B (zh) * | 2017-11-13 | 2023-02-17 | 慕尼黑科技大学 | 自动无创式确定禽蛋的生育力和胚胎性别 |
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CN112444630A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-05 | 北京动物园 | 一种同时检测雌二醇和睾酮的速测卡及其制备和使用方法 |
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US20160057977A1 (en) | 2016-03-03 |
EP2941122B1 (de) | 2017-04-26 |
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