CN105099902B - A kind of method for routing for quantum Mesh network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for routing for quantum Mesh network, route requests are initiated to the backbone edges node being connected by source node, route requests are initiated to backbone network by backbone edges node, routing and route replies are carried out by the backbone edges node being connected with destination node, each node on the path of response message is received to carry out the measurement of Bell bases and carry measurement result to transmit to source node in route replies message, after source node carries out Bell base measurements, all measurement results path selected by is sent to the backbone edges node being connected with destination node, all measurement results are sent to destination node by the fringe node, after destination node is to the processing of all measurement results, obtain carrying the quantum state of information by unitary transformation.The present invention can not only provide the transmission of more reliably and securely quantum information, and Bell base measurements are carried out during route is established, and reduce the delay of information transfer, improve efficiency of transmission.
Description
Technical field
It is route the present invention relates to a kind of quantum communication network transmission technology, more particularly to using the quantum network of Mesh structures
Method.
Background technology
Technique on Quantum Communication is the study hotspot in quantum information science field, and Technique on Quantum Communication utilizes Quantum Properties, can be with
So that absolute safety is accomplished in communication, it is the grand strategy direction of future communication technologies development.By throughput son transmission
Quantum communication network also turns into the major issue that Technique on Quantum Communication needs to study.Quantum communication network can pass through two kinds of carriers
Transmission of quantum information：Single quantum state and Entangled State.Due in quantum nonclonability in itself and transmitting procedure channel it is dry
Loss is disturbed, more uncertain factor be present by the direct transmission of quantum of multiple intermediate nodes, it is difficult to completes preferably remote amount
Sub-information is transmitted.Measured by quantum, remotely passing the technologies such as state using Entangled State particle quantum does not need direct transmission of quantum, can
To form quantum communication network by multiple nodes, long-distance transmissions are realized.Build the system of reliable quantum communication network, it is necessary to
Ensure reliable and effective group net operation.
Grid (Mesh) structural network is the important composition of communication network due to its reliability and flexibility.Tied based on Mesh
The quantum communication network of structure also has reliability and flexibility in network structure.Quantum communication network knot based on Mesh structures
Structure is similar to traditional Mesh network, and difference is between node in addition to the wireless or wire message way of classics, goes back amount
Subchannel, the shared particle that tangles is to forming between the quantum channel has node.The quantum information related to Mesh structures is ground at present
Study carefully work and focus primarily upon and distribute quantum key in Mesh structural networks, the present invention is set for Mesh structure quantum communication networks
Routing Protocol is counted, so as to realize quantum-information transmission.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides one kind and is used for quantum Mesh network
Method for routing, this method can provide the transmission of more reliably and securely quantum information, and during establishing and routeing
Bell base measurements are carried out, reduce the delay of information transfer, improve efficiency of transmission.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A kind of method for routing for quantum Mesh network, comprise the following steps：
The backbone edges node that step 1. source node is connected into quantum Mesh network backbone network with source node is sent
Route request information；
After backbone edges node in step 2. step 1 receives routing information request, route request information is changed, then
Amended route request information is broadcasted in backbone network；
The amended route of backbone edges node broadcasts please in step 3. quantum mesh backbone network interior joints processing step 2
Seek message；
The quantum mesh backbone edges nodes that step 4. is connected with destination node receive quantum mesh backbone networks in step 3
After route request information after interior joint processing, path is selected；Two the first particles possessed this node carry out Bell bases
Measurement；Then the reverse path in path selected by sends route replies message to source node, and the response message includes Bell bases
Measurement result；
Path intermediate nodes selected by step 5., including the fringe node being connected with source node, receive the road sent in step 4
After response message, the routing iinformation of destination node is arrived in the routing information renewal routing table in route replies message；It is right
Two the second particles carry out Bell base measurements in the node；Then measurement result is added in the route replies message received,
And the route replies information that with the addition of measurement result is sent to the next-hop node that source node is arrived on selected path；Route should
Answer message and be sent to source node finally by the fringe node being connected with source node；
After source node in step 6. step 5 receives route replies message, two the 3rd particles being possessed this node
Carry out Bell base measurements；Source node path selected by sends measurement result packet to the quantum Mesh being connected with destination node
Backbone edges node, the measurement result packet are interior comprising entrained in this measurement result and the route replies information received
Path in each node measurement result measurement result；
After quantum mesh backbone edges nodes in step 7. step 6 receive measurement result packet, by the packet
Send to destination node；
Destination node in step 8. step 7 judges this node for purpose node according to the measurement result packet received
Afterwards, metrical information is handled, unitary transformation corresponding to selection, the quantum state of transmission, completes communication required for obtaining.
Two the first particles in the step 4 refer to the quantum mesh backbone edges nodes being connected with destination node and gathered around
Particle is tangled between some and upper hop node on selected path, and the quantum mesh backbone edges being connected with destination node
The particle tangled with destination node that node is possessed.
Two the second particles in the step 5 refer to selected path intermediate nodes possessed it is adjacent with before and after selected path
The particle that node tangles respectively.
Two the 3rd particles in the step 6 refer to the carrying information to be transmitted particle and source node with being connected
Particle is tangled between backbone edges node.
The source node and destination node are the terminal access nodes positioned at access network；Backbone network in quantum Mesh network
Node has routing function；Exist between node and the quantum of foundation is connected by tangling particle, and it is traditional wireless or have
Line connects；Backbone edges node, which refers between terminal access node exist in backbone network, tangles particle pair, and tradition be present
Wireless or wired connection node.
In the step 1 source node send route request information include, source node, destination node, source node sequence number,
Address, metric；Metric is set to 0 by source node, and source node often sends a route request information, and the sequence number of source node adds
1, " address " value in route request information is set to the address of node.
The method of backbone edges node modification route request information in the step 2：Route request information vacuum metrics
Value plus 1, and " address " in route request information is updated to the address of node.
Backbone edges node broadcasts are amended in quantum mesh backbone network interior joints processing step 2 in the step 3
The method of route request information：After non-edge node receives the route request information in backbone network, preserved with it one timing
The interior routing information request received compares, if identical source node and sequence number identical route request information were received, and
And metric is more than preserved metric, then abandons the route request information；Otherwise, by route metric in routing information request
Value plus 1, this node address is added in route request information " address " item, broadcasts amended route request information；And bone
After fringe node receives the route request information in dry net, by the end in the terminal access node information table stored with this node
End address is compared, if it find that destination node address not in the table, then abandons the routing information request, otherwise carries out step 4
In operation processing.
The method in the backbone edges node selection path being connected in the step 4 with destination node：The road that will be received
The routing information request received in the certain time preserved by request message with the node is contrasted, if identical sources are not present
The routing information request of node and sequence number, then show to receive is a new routing information request, then starts a wait
Time；If the routing information request of identical source node and sequence number be present, the minimum route requests letter of reserved route metric
Breath；After stand-by period terminates, contained path is as transmission path in the routing information request for selecting currently to be retained.
A kind of method for routing for quantum Mesh network provided by the invention, compared with prior art, have beneficial below
Effect：The present invention can not only provide the transmission of more reliably and securely quantum information, and enter during route is established
Row Bell bases measure, and reduce the delay of information transfer, improve efficiency of transmission.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the network topological diagram in present example.
In figure：A, B is terminal node, and BCD is node, and solid line represents classical connection (wirelessly or non-wirelessly), and dotted line represents section
Exist between point and tangle particle pair.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of method for routing for quantum Mesh network, comprise the following steps：
The backbone edges node that step 1. source node is connected into quantum Mesh network backbone network with source node is sent
Route request information.
Source node sends terminal route request information to connected backbone edges node.The route requests that source node is sent
Message includes, source node, destination node, source node sequence number, address, metric.Metric is set to 0 by source node, source node
Often send a route request information, the sequence number of source node adds 1, and " address " value in route request information is set to the node
Address.
After backbone edges node in step 2. step 1 receives routing information request, route request information is changed, then
Amended route request information is broadcasted in backbone network.
After the backbone edges node being connected with source node receives route request information, route request information moderate value
Add 1, and " address " in route request information is updated to the address of node, updated route is broadcasted into backbone network please
Seek message.
The amended route of backbone edges node broadcasts please in step 3. quantum mesh backbone network interior joints processing step 2
Seek message.
After non-edge node receives the route request information in backbone network, the road that is received in certain time for being preserved with it
Compared by solicited message, if identical source node and sequence number identical route request information were received, and metric is more than
The metric preserved, then abandon the route request information.Otherwise, route metric value in routing information request is added 1, by this section
Dot address is added in route request information " address " item, broadcasts amended route request information.Fringe node in backbone network
After receiving the route request information, by the terminal address in the terminal access node information table stored with this node compared with, such as
Fruit finds that destination node address in the table, does not then abandon the routing information request, otherwise carries out the operation processing in step 4.
The quantum mesh backbone edges nodes that step 4. is connected with destination node receive quantum mesh backbone networks in step 3
After route request information after interior joint processing, path is selected；Two the first particles possessed this node carry out Bell bases
Measurement；The two first particles be respectively this node possessed tangle particle between upper hop node on selected path, with
And the particle tangled with destination node that this node is possessed.Then the reverse path in path selected by sends road to source node
By response message, the response message includes Bell base measurement results.
After the backbone edges node being connected with destination node receives route request information, select path process as follows：
The routing information request received in the certain time that the route request information received is preserved with the node is contrasted, if not
The routing information request of identical source node and sequence number be present, then show to receive is a new routing information request, then opens
Move a stand-by period；If the routing information request of identical source node and sequence number be present, reserved route metric minimum
Routing information request；After stand-by period terminates, contained path is as transmission road in the routing information request for selecting currently to be retained
Footpath.
Two particles then possessed this node carry out Bell base measurements, and the two particles are that this node is gathered around respectively
Tangle particle between some and selected path upper hop node, and this node possessed tangle grain between destination node
Son.The reverse path in the last path selected by sends route replies message to the next-hop to source node in the form of unicast
Node, Bell base measurement result of the route replies message package containing selected path node address and this node.
Path intermediate nodes selected by step 5., including the fringe node being connected with source node, receive the road sent in step 4
After response message, the routing iinformation of destination node is arrived in the routing information renewal routing table in route replies message；It is right
Two the second particles carry out Bell base measurements in the node, the two second particles be this node possessed with before selected path
The particle that adjacent node tangles respectively afterwards；Then measurement result is added in the route replies message received, and this is added
The route replies information of measurement result is sent to the next-hop node that source node is arrived on selected path；Route replies message is last
Source node is sent to by the fringe node being connected with source node；
After source node in step 6. step 5 receives route replies message, two the 3rd particles being possessed this node
Bell base measurements are carried out, the two the 3rd particles are intended to particle and this node and the backbone that is connected of the carrying information of transmission respectively
Particle is tangled between network edge node；Source node path selected by sends measurement result packet to being connected with destination node
Quantum Mesh backbone edges nodes, the measurement result packet is interior to include this measurement result and the route replies information received
In in entrained path each node measurement result measurement result；
After quantum mesh backbone edges nodes in step 7. step 6 receive measurement result packet, by the packet
Send to destination node；
Destination node in step 8. step 7 judges this node for purpose node according to the measurement result packet received
Afterwards, metrical information is handled, unitary transformation corresponding to selection, the quantum state of transmission, completes communication required for obtaining.
Backbone network node in above-mentioned steps in quantum Mesh network has routing function, and source node and destination node are positions
In the terminal access node of access network.Exist between node and the quantum of foundation is connected by tangling particle, and it is traditional wireless
Or wired connection.Backbone edges node, which refers between terminal access node exist in backbone network, tangles particle pair, and deposits
In traditional wireless or wired connection node.Each fringe node stores connected terminal access node information table,
Information table includes the address of these terminal access nodes.
Example
In order to better illustrate the present invention, the specific communication steps of the present invention are now provided, for convenience of describing, definition：
Table 0-1 message format
Wherein,<1>Route messages type：00 terminal route requests, the request of 01 route replies.10 be measurement result data
Bag.Wherein route request information is without measurement result item.
When source node sends routing information request for the first time, source node sequence number is set to 1, is gradually incremented by later, to maximum
The process is started the cycle over after value from 1 again.
Note：This definition does not influence the implementation of the present invention.
Detailed process is as follows：
As shown in Figure 1：Node BCD forms Mash quantum backbone networks, and AB is terminal node.Wherein, solid line represents classics even
Connect (wirelessly or non-wirelessly), exist between dotted line expression node and tangle particle pair.
1. source node A sends route request information to coupled backbone network node B：Source node sends route requests and disappeared
Breath is as shown in table 1-1, the message<1>Type of message is 00,<4>Source node sequence number is set to 1.
| <1>Type of message | 00 |
| <2>Source node | A |
| <3>Destination node | E |
| <4>Source node sequence number | 1 |
| <5>Address | A |
| <6>Metric | 0 |
Table 1-1
2. the fringe node B being connected in backbone network with node A receives A route request information, following processing is done：
2.1 judge type of message：<1>Type of message is 00, i.e. route request information；
2.2 modification renewal route request informations：
| <1>Type of message | 00 |
| <2>Source node | A |
| <3>Destination node | E |
| <4>Source node sequence number | 1 |
| <5>Address | B |
| <6>Metric | 1 |
Table 2-1
2.3 broadcast the route messages in backbone network.
3. non-edge node C, which receives the route request informations of Node B broadcasts, in backbone network will do following processing：
3.1 by type of message, judges the message that receives as route request information；
The route request information received in 3.2 certain times preserved with node compares, and judges whether to abandon the road
By message, due to not receiving source, destination node and sequence number identical route request information, then by route request information
Metric adds 1, adds this node address into " address " item, updates route request information, the route request information after renewal is such as
Shown in table 3-1；
| <1>Type of message | 00 |
| <2>Source node | A |
| <3>Destination node | E |
| <4>Source node sequence number | 1 |
| <5>Address | B |
| Address | C |
| <6>Metric | 2 |
Table 3-1
3.3 broadcast the route messages in backbone network；
4. fringe node D, which receives the route messages of Node B broadcasts, in backbone network will do following processing：
4.1 by type of message, judges the message that receives as route request information；
4.2 compared with the terminal address in the terminal access node information table that this node is stored, it is found that destination node E exists
In its terminal access node information table.
The routing information request received in 4.3 certain times for being preserved the route request information received with the node enters
Row contrast, due to the routing information request in the absence of identical source node and sequence number, show to receive is that a new route please
Information is sought, then starts a stand-by period.
5. the route messages that backbone network interior joint D receives node C broadcast will do following processing：
5.1 by type of message, judges the message that receives as route request information；
5.2 compared with the terminal address in the terminal access node information table that this node is stored, it is found that destination node E exists
In its terminal access node information table.
The routing information request received in 5.3 certain times for being preserved the route request information received with the node enters
Row contrast, due to the routing information request of identical source node and sequence number be present, and metric is bigger, then abandons the route requests
Message.
6. the route messages that backbone network interior joint B receives node C broadcast will do following processing：
6.1 by type of message, judges the message that receives as route request information；
6.2 compared with the terminal address in the terminal access node information table that this node is stored, and finds destination node E not
In its terminal access node information table, then the route request information is abandoned.
After 7. the stand-by period terminates, node D does following processing：
Contained path A-B-D is as transmission path in the routing information request that 7.1 selections are currently retained.
7.2 two particles then possessed this node carry out Bell base measurements, and the two particles are respectively and node B
The particle tangled be present in the presence of the particle tangled, and with destination node E.Reverse path (the D-B- in the last path selected by
A route replies message) is sent to node B in the form of unicast, the path of destination node is covered in the route replies message：
A-B-D-E, wherein intermediate node B and D addresses are stored in address entries in order, and the Bell base measurement results of this node,
As shown in table 7-1.
| <1>Type of message | 01 |
| <2>Source node | A |
| <3>Destination node | E |
| <4>Source node sequence number | 1 |
| <5>Address | B |
| Address | D |
| <6>Metric | 2 |
| <7>Measurement result | Node D measurement result |
Table 7-1
8. the route replies message that backbone network interior joint B receives node D unicasts will do following processing：
8.1 by type of message, judges the message that receives as route request information；
8.2 receive after route replies information in the routing iinformation of node route list renewal to destination node, by routing table
" next hop address " to destination node E is updated to node D address.Bell base measurements are carried out to two particles in the node,
The two particles be respectively with the particle of particle entangled in node D and with the particle that particle mutually tangles in node A, by measurement result
Added to route replies message, source node A is sent to.The route replies message is as shown in table 8-1.
Table 8-1
9. source node A, which receives the route replies message that backbone edges node B is sent, will do following processing：
9.1 by type of message, judges the message that receives as route request information, and judge by source node in message
This node is source node；
The particle of particle entangled carries out Bell bases in the node B that 9.2 pairs of particles for carrying information and this node are possessed
Measurement, all measurement results include node A, node B and node D measurement result, by measurement result packet by institute's routing
Footpath is sent to node B.The measurement result packet includes the measurement result of source and destination node address and all nodes.The survey
Result data bag is measured as shown in table 9-1.
Table 9-1
10. the measurement result packet that backbone edges node B is connected to node A will do following processing：
10.1 by type of message, judge to receive as measurement result packet.
10.2, according to routing table, forward the message to node D.
11. the measurement result packet that backbone network node D nodes B is sent will do following processing：
11.1 by type of message, judge to receive as measurement result packet, and destination node E accesses in its terminal
In informational table of nodes；
Measurement result packet is forwarded to destination node E by 11.2.
12. the measurement result packet sent that destination node E receives node D will do following processing：
12.1 by type of message, judge to receive as measurement result packet.According to destination node address in packet
Judge this node for purpose node.
12.2 node E are handled metrical information, unitary transformation corresponding to selection, the quantum of transmission required for obtaining
State, complete communication.
This time sign off.
From the foregoing, in quantum Mesh network, the present invention can be used to establish route, realize information transfer.Should
Method for routing initiates route requests to the backbone edges node being connected by source node, by backbone edges node to bone
Dry net initiates route requests, carries out routing and route replies by the backbone edges node being connected with destination node, receiving should
Each node on the path of message is answered to carry out the measurement of Bell bases and carry measurement result to transmit to source in route replies message
Node, after source node carries out Bell base measurements, all measurement results path selected by is sent to the bone being connected with destination node
All measurement results are sent to destination node by dry network edge node, the fringe node, destination node to all measurement results at
After reason, obtain carrying the quantum state of information by unitary transformation.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for routing for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The backbone edges node that step 1. source node is connected into quantum Mesh network backbone network with source node sends route
Request message；
After backbone edges node in step 2. step 1 receives routing information request, route request information is changed, then in bone
The amended route request information of broadcast in dry net；
The amended route requests of backbone edges node broadcasts disappear in step 3. quantum mesh backbone network interior joints processing step 2
Breath；
The quantum mesh backbone edges nodes that step 4. is connected with destination node are received in step 3 to be saved in quantum mesh backbone networks
After route request information after point processing, path is selected；Two the first particles possessed this node carry out Bell base measurements；
Then the reverse path in path selected by sends route replies message to source node, and the response message includes Bell bases measurement knot
Fruit；
Path intermediate nodes selected by step 5., including the fringe node being connected with source node, receiving the route sent in step 4 should
After answering message, the routing iinformation of destination node is arrived in the routing information renewal routing table in route replies message；To the section
Two the second particles carry out Bell base measurements in point；Then measurement result is added in the route replies message received, and will
The route replies information that with the addition of measurement result is sent to the next-hop node that source node is arrived on selected path；Route replies disappear
Breath is sent to source node finally by the fringe node being connected with source node；
After source node in step 6. step 5 receives route replies message, two the 3rd particles possessed this node are carried out
Bell bases measure；Source node path selected by sends measurement result packet key to the quantum Mesh being connected with destination node
Network edge node, the measurement result packet is interior to include road entrained in this measurement result and the route replies information received
The measurement result of each node measurement result in footpath；
After quantum mesh backbone edges nodes in step 7. step 6 receive measurement result packet, the packet is sent
To destination node；
Destination node in step 8. step 7 is right after judging this node for purpose node according to the measurement result packet received
Metrical information is handled, unitary transformation corresponding to selection, and the quantum state of transmission, completes communication required for obtaining.
2. the method for routing according to claim 1 for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that：Two in step 4
First particle refer to that the quantum mesh backbone edges nodes being connected with destination node are possessed with upper hop section on selected path
Particle is tangled between point, and being entangled with destination node of being possessed of the quantum mesh backbone edges nodes being connected with destination node
The particle twined.
3. the method for routing according to claim 1 for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that：Two in step 5
Second particle refers to the particle tangled respectively with adjacent node before and after selected path that selected path intermediate nodes are possessed.
4. the method for routing according to claim 1 for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that：In the step 6
Two the 3rd particles refer to tangles grain between the particle and source node and the backbone edges node that is connected of the carrying information to be transmitted
Son.
5. the method for routing according to claim 1 for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that：Source node in step 1
The route request information of transmission includes, source node, destination node, source node sequence number, address, metric；Source node will be measured
Value is set to 0, and source node often sends a route request information, and the sequence number of source node adds 1, the address in route request information
Value is set to the address of node.
6. the method for routing according to claim 1 for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that：Bone in the step 2
The method of dry network edge node modification route request information：Route request information moderate value is added 1, and by route request information
In address be updated to the address of node.
7. the method for routing according to claim 1 for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that：Measured in the step 3
The method of the amended route request information of backbone edges node broadcasts in sub- mesh backbone networks interior joint processing step 2：Bone
After non-edge node receives the route request information in dry net, the routing information request that is received in certain time for being preserved with it
Compare, if identical source node and sequence number identical route request information were received, and metric is more than preserved degree
Value, then abandon the route request information；Otherwise, route metric value in routing information request is added 1, this node address is added
Into route request information address entries, amended route request information is broadcasted；And fringe node receives the route in backbone network
After request message, by the terminal address in the terminal access node information table stored with this node compared with, if it find that purpose
Node address in the table, does not then abandon the routing information request, otherwise carries out the operation processing in step 4.
8. the method for routing according to claim 1 for quantum Mesh network, it is characterised in that：In the step 4 with
The method in the backbone edges node selection path that destination node is connected：The route request information received and the node are protected
The routing information request received in the certain time deposited is contrasted, if the route requests in the absence of identical source node and sequence number
Information, then show to receive is a new routing information request, then starts a stand-by period；If exist identical source node and
The routing information request of the routing information request of sequence number, then reserved route metric minimum；After stand-by period terminates, selection is worked as
Contained path is as transmission path in preceding retained routing information request.
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| CN106357345B (en) * | 2016-10-08 | 2019-03-19 | 东南大学 | A kind of method for routing of the quantum communication network based on Mesh structure |
| CN107070796B (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2020-03-20 | 河南理工大学 | Self-adaptive RIP routing method based on quantum invisible transfer state |
| CN106899407A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-27 | 东南大学 | A kind of method for designing of remote quantum communication network |
| US11290368B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 | 2022-03-29 | Red Hat, Inc. | Federated messaging for quantum systems through teleportation |
| CN110212978B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-11-06 | 苏州大学 | Quantum communication method and system for terminal delay selection |
| CN117082482B (en) * | 2023-10-16 | 2024-01-23 | 南京威翔科技有限公司 | Method for realizing multi-MESH network networking and node roaming |
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