CN105096005B - A kind of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device - Google Patents
A kind of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Optimization Schedulings applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device, belong to technical field of power systems, include the following steps：Step S101 collects optically focused module with respect to solar hour angle and short-circuit current data, is handled according to standardized method, obtains Opposed Current coefficient and receives the relationship image of half-angle；Step S102 obtains the opposite generating efficiency that the sampling time is different time intervals under 1min according to Opposed Current coefficient and the relationship image for receiving half-angle；Step S103 show that 20 years weak elements of rack replace economy according to the service life of weak element, cost；Step S104 designs average stepping scheduling mode and unequal stepping scheduling mode according to the opposite generating efficiency that the sampling time is different time intervals under 1min and using history sunlight direct solar radiation intensity as reference.The replacement number that the method for the present invention can improve generated energy, reduce weak element, technical basis and theoretical direction are provided for scale, the foundation of the photovoltaic plant of large capacity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of power systems, more particularly to it is a kind of applied to the excellent of high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device
Change dispatching method.
Background technology
Photovoltaic power generation technology is that solar energy is converted into electricity using solar cell according to photovoltaic effect principle
Energy.Photovoltaic power generation technology can be divided into the light that the first generation uses hull cell using the photovoltaic power generation technology of crystal silicon battery, the second generation
Lie prostrate the photovoltaic power generation technology that generation technology uses high power concentrator with the third generation.The photovoltaic generation skill of crystal silicon battery is used with the first generation
Art and the second generation are different using the photovoltaic power generation technology of hull cell, and high power concentrator refers to through optical elements such as lens or speculums
The sunlight of certain area is converged in into a narrow region (focal spot), and then the technology to generate electricity, it is advantageous that hair
Electrical efficiency is high, floor space is small, stable output power, easily recycling etc..For photovoltaic module, the main of its generated energy is influenced
Because being known as sunlight direct solar radiation amount (DNI, similarly hereinafter), temperature, wind speed, humidity.For concentrating component, influenced in one day
The principal element that photovoltaic is contributed is DNI.Temperature, which contributes on the photovoltaic of concentrator cell, to be influenced to be much smaller than monocrystalline silicon, and with focusing ratio
Increase temperature on photovoltaic contribute influence gradually reduce.
Since optically focused module is very high with respect to the requirement of solar hour angle to light, incident ray must be at the angle of a very little
Within degree, sun-following device is one of them critically important part, could only in this way realize real-time solar tracking.However it to realize in real time
Solar tracking carries out multiple break-make within the regular hour to motor, therefore very high to the part requirement of solar tracking module.Normal photovoltaic
The length of service of Power Plant Design is 20 years, under the premise of ensureing to improve solar tracking precision, it should so that the replacement time of weak element
Number lacking as possible, while should make the height of efficiency as possible of following spot of beam condensing unit.
Invention content
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a kind of Optimized Operation applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device
Method, the technical solution used for：
A kind of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device includes the following steps：
Step S101 collects optically focused module with respect to solar hour angle and short-circuit current data, is handled, obtained according to standardized method
To the relationship image of Opposed Current coefficient and reception half-angle；
Step S102 obtains the sampling time as difference under 1min according to Opposed Current coefficient and the relationship image for receiving half-angle
The opposite generating efficiency of time interval；
Step S103 show that 20 years weak elements of rack replace economy according to the service life of weak element, cost；
Step S104, according to the sampling time for the opposite generating efficiency of different time intervals under 1min and with history sunlight
Direct solar radiation intensity is reference, designs average stepping scheduling mode and unequal stepping scheduling mode.
Further, the realization process of the step S101 includes：
Step S201 will be in different sunlights according to optically focused module opposite solar hour angle and short-circuit current data is collected
Short circuit current under direct solar radiation intensity is converted to the short circuit current under standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity；
It is straight to obtain peak value standard sunlight according to the short circuit current under standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity by step S202
Penetrate the short circuit current under radiation intensity；
Step S203, according to the short circuit current and standard sun light direct beam spoke under peak value standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity
The relationship for the short circuit current penetrated under intensity is determined in the different Opposed Current coefficients received under half-angle.
Further, the realization process of the step S102 includes：
Step S301 carries out the relational graph of Opposed Current coefficient and reception half-angle using the tool boxes cftool of MATLAB
Function cubic fit obtains Opposed Current coefficient and receives the piecewise function relationship of half-angle；
Step S302 is acquired opposite under different control time intervals using quad () integral function in MATLAB
Generate electricity coefficient of discharge；
Step S303 will be set to 1min in the sampling time, and the difference is acquired using quad () integral function in MATLAB
The opposite generating efficiency of time interval.
Further, the realization process of the step S103 includes：
Step S401 measures sunlight direct solar radiation intensity DNI, the hair according to tracking efficiency eta and single solar modules
Electrical power P0, calculate because tracking number is reduced and the gene-ration revenue C of reduction(η)；
Step S402 calculates 20 years single racks weak element less and the expense R that saves according to tracking number f(f)；
Step S403 calculates 20 years single rack weak elements and replaces economy according to step S401 and step S402.
Further, the realization process of the average stepping scheduling mode described in the step S104 includes：
Track frequency is arranged in step S501, calculates the light radiation reception amount of the real-time solar tracking of overall process；
The light radiation intensity of whole day is averaged stepping, finds out the overall process light in different steppings by step S502
Radiate reception amount；
Step S503, comparative analysis step S502 obtain the replacement frequency of stepping number, generated energy, precision and weak element
Association between rate.
Further, the realization process of the unequal stepping scheduling mode described in the step S104 includes：
Step S601, that designs unequal stepping seeks threshold value program；
Step S602 designs the Optimized Operation scheme in the case of unequal stepping；
Step S603 realizes the unequal stepping Optimized Operation under fine day state in conjunction with historical data.
Further, the calculating described in the step S401 is because tracking number is reduced and the gene-ration revenue C of reduction(η)
Specially：
C(η)=P0×A×B×(1-η)×C；
Wherein, P0For the generated output of single solar modules；The number for the module that A includes by a rack；B is 20
Total work number of days between year；C is daily operating time.
Further, the expense R of the saving described in the step S402(f)Specially：
Wherein, B is work number of days total between 20 years, and N is the electric life of weak element, and M is the unit price of weak element, and D is
Each rack has 2 groups of weak elements, f0For all-weather traction number under real-time tracing state, f is tracking number；
Weak element described in the step S403 replaces economy：G (f, η)=R(f)-C(η)；Wherein, G
What (f, η) was indicated be the expense that each rack is saved later by scheduling within 20 years and is lost because reducing tracking between electricity price
Difference.
Further, the track frequency in the step S501 is that 2min trackings are primary；Light spoke in the step S502
It is specially 5 grades or 3 grades to penetrate the intensity stepping that is averaged.
Further, the historical data in the step S603 is specially：The data of fine day in 5 years on the same day.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
A kind of Optimization Scheduling of high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device proposed by the present invention, can improve solar tracking precision,
Then the generated energy of device is improved；It can reduce what the replacement that weak element replaces number, thus saved weak element generated again
Cost to improve sun-following device in 20 years economic benefits, and enables national grid stable operation, is scale, great Rong
The foundation of the photovoltaic plant of amount provides technical basis and theoretical direction, while ensuring that photovoltaic plant is safely and efficiently run, right
The smooth implementation of national new energy strategy is promoted to be very beneficial.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device proposed by the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart present invention determine that the different methods for receiving the Opposed Current coefficient under half-angle；
Fig. 3 is the scatter plot between the opposite solar hour angle and short circuit current of optically focused module of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the obtained different scatter plots received between half-angle and Opposed Current coefficient after present invention processing；
Fig. 5 is the method for the opposite generating efficiency that the present invention acquires different time intervals；
Fig. 6 is the Opposed Current coefficient and the functional relation for receiving half-angle that present invention fitting obtains；
Fig. 7 is the method that the present invention acquires that 20 years weak elements of rack replace economy；
Fig. 8 is that September of the present invention test site on the 19th measures the actual value of sunlight direct solar radiation intensity；
Fig. 9 is the analysis method of the stepping of the invention that is averaged to light radiation reception amount；
Figure 10 is the final experimental result of the present invention, the relationship of generated energy and stepping number averagely under stepping state；
Figure 11 is the unequal stepping Optimized Operation scheme under fine day state of the present invention；
In the case of Figure 12 is the unequal stepping of the present invention, the program of Intensity threshold is sought.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, being a kind of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device proposed by the present invention
Flow chart, this method includes：
Step S101 collects optically focused module with respect to solar hour angle and short-circuit current data, is handled, obtained according to standardized method
To the image of Opposed Current coefficient and reception half-angle；
Step S102 obtains the sampling time as different time under 1min according to Opposed Current coefficient and the image for receiving half-angle
The opposite generating efficiency in section；
Step S103 show that 20 years weak elements of rack replace economy according to the service life of weak element, cost；
Step S104, according to the sampling time for the opposite generating efficiency of different time intervals under 1min and with history sunlight
Direct solar radiation intensity is reference, designs the scheduling mode of average stepping and unequal stepping.
Wherein, step S102 provides Opposed Current coefficient for the Optimized Operation of step S104, and step S103 is step S104
The mathematical model of economy is provided.
Embodiment two
As shown in Fig. 2, being the method flow diagram for receiving the Opposed Current coefficient under half-angle present invention determine that different, the party
Method includes：
Step S201, according to collection optically focused module with respect to solar hour angle and short circuit current ISCThe relationship of data is (such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show), the short circuit current under different sunlight direct solar radiation intensity is converted under standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity
Short circuit current.
Since in this bit of test, sunlight direct solar radiation intensity DNI is also constantly to change, it is therefore necessary to will
It is unified into the short circuit current under the standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity of 1000W/ ㎡.
Wherein DNIiThat indicate is the sunlight direct solar radiation intensity in Fig. 3 corresponding to i-th point, Isc_iIn Fig. 3 of expression
The corresponding short circuit current in i-th place, Iscnorm_iWhat is indicated is i-th point of the short circuit current after standardization.
It is straight to obtain peak value standard sunlight according to the short circuit current under standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity by step S202
Penetrate the short circuit current under radiation intensity.
Iscrel_i=Iscnorm_i/max61{Iscnorm_i} (2)
Thus when opposite solar hour angle difference, relative to the relative coefficient of peak value short circuit current, i.e., formula can be obtained
Opposed Current coefficient can obtain.
Step S203, according to the short circuit current and standard sun light direct beam spoke under peak value standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity
The relationship for the short circuit current penetrated under intensity is determined in the different Opposed Current coefficients (as shown in Figure 4) received under half-angle.
The position put again due to gallium arsenide cells takes the data of origin forward direction that can obtain Fig. 4 about origin symmetry
Shown scatter plot.
Embodiment three
As shown in figure 5, the method for acquiring the opposite generating efficiency of different time intervals for the present invention, this method include：
Step S301 carries out the relational graph of Opposed Current coefficient and reception half-angle using the tool boxes cftool of MATLAB
Function cubic fit obtains Opposed Current coefficient and receives the piecewise function relationship of half-angle, as shown in Figure 6.
In order to enable the relational expression arrived is more accurate, it is noted that the scatter plot of Fig. 4 have certain regularity, section [0 °,
0.25 °] between Opposed Current coefficient maintains 0.99 to 1, there is certain stability, therefore figure is divided into two sections,
Fourier's fitting three times is carried out on [0.25 °, 1.25 °] section to it, according to the optical property of Fei Niezi lens, three are carried out to it
Rank, which is closed, can obtain higher precision.Finally obtain following relational expression
Wherein, f (x) is Opposed Current coefficient, and x is to receive half-angle.
Step S302 is acquired opposite under different control time intervals using quad () integral function in MATLAB
Generate electricity coefficient of discharge.
Since what is characterized with respect to solar hour angle is that The Earth Revolves round the Sun and generates angle, it can obtain and be surrounded every the 1min sun
Optically focused module rotates 0.25 °；Within the time (0, T), selection adjusting control time interval is τ, is modeled to its generated energy.Altogether
In respect ofA period.The output power at a certain moment is P(t)=U*ISC(t), what wherein U was indicated is sun-following device when measuring
Open-circuit voltage, ISC(t)What is indicated is the short circuit current at solar tracking module both ends when measuring.Generated energy within this time：
Under same time interval τ, the opposite coefficient of discharge that generates electricity indicates as follows：
It can thus be concluded that the opposite power generation coefficient of discharge (as shown in table 1) under different control time intervals.
Opposite power generation coefficient of discharge under the different control time interval of table 1
Step S303, and 1min will be set in the sampling time, using quad () integral function in MATLAB acquire it is described not
With the opposite generating efficiency of time interval.
By step S302 it is found that choosing being affected for the generated energy of different control time interval τs pair, and τ values are smaller,
Its opposite power generation coefficient of discharge is higher, therefore will be set to 1min the sampling times and (2min is divided between corresponding control time at this time, because too
The placement position of positive energy battery is about origin symmetry).Time interval τ is divided into the identical sampling time section of m length, then each
Opposite power generation coefficient of discharge in sampling time section is all different, and the opposite generating efficiency in the ith sample period can be as follows
It indicates：
The opposite generating efficiency (as shown in table 2) that sampling time section is different time intervals under 1min can be obtained.
2 sampling time section of table is the opposite generating efficiency of different time intervals under 1min
Example IV
As shown in fig. 7, acquiring the method that 20 years weak elements of rack replace economy for the present invention, this method includes：
Step S401 measures sunlight direct solar radiation intensity DNI, the hair according to tracking efficiency eta and single solar modules
Electrical power P0, calculate because tracking number is reduced and the gene-ration revenue C of reduction(η)；
Such as acquisition September test site on the 19th measures the actual value (as shown in Figure 8) of DNI, due to sunlight direct solar radiation
The contribution that intensity DNI contributes to photovoltaic is maximum, and with device, per 2min, tracking is primary, on the basis of 7h to 20h overall processes institute generated energy,
Then tracking efficiency at this time reaches 100%, total to have tracked 390 times.If after scheduling, tracking efficiency reaches η, overall process
It is total to have tracked f times.At this time because tracking number reduces and the gene-ration revenue of reduction is (in the case where every degree is 1 yuan electric)
C(η)=P0×A×B×(1-η)×C (7)
Wherein, P0：The generated output of single solar modules；A：The number for the module that one rack is included；B：20 years
Between total work number of days；C：Daily operating time.
Step S402 calculates 20 years single racks because weak element replaces what number reduction due to was saved according to tracking number f
Expense R(f)It can be with indicating as follows：
Wherein, B：Total work number of days between 20 years；N：The electric life of weak element；M：The unit price of weak element；D：Each
Rack has 2 groups of weak elements；f0：All-weather traction number under real-time tracing state.
Step S403 calculates 20 years single rack weak elements and replaces economy.
Remember G (f, η)=R(f)-C(η), what G (f, η) was indicated is the expense that each rack is saved later by scheduling within 20 years
The difference between electricity price, dispatching of explanation the case where not influencing gene-ration revenue if G=0 are lost with and because reduction tracking
Effectively, the replacement number that weak element can be reduced, if G>0 indicates that adjustable strategies can generate profit in 20 years.
Embodiment five
As shown in figure 9, be averaged to light radiation reception amount the analysis method of stepping for the present invention, with September shown in Fig. 8 19 days
The actual value that test site measures DNI is historical data, carries out average stepping, it was therefore concluded that.This method includes：
Step S501 is arranged track frequency, finds out in the day, the light radiation reception amount of the real-time solar tracking of overall process.
It is the overall process studied to choose 7h to 20h, in order to ensure the tracking precision to sunlight in the process, selection
Tracking pattern be real-time tracing, i.e., no matter light intensity or light it is weak, be always to maintain 2min tracking once.It was received too at i-th minute
Direct sunlight radiation intensity is DNI(i), overall process amount to receive light radiation beIt tracks 390 times altogether, it can
The reception light intensity for acquiring benchmark is 3.5MJ/m2。
Step S502, designs program, finds out the overall process light radiation reception amount in different steppings.
It is threshold point to choose different DNI, and the light radiation intensity of whole day is divided into 5 grades：0-210w/m2、210-420w/m2、
420-630w/m2、630-840w/m2、840-1050w/m2, every grade of corresponding regulating time interval be respectively 10min, 8min,
6min、4min、2min.Its main control thought is the continuous variation according to intensity of illumination come the time interval of adjusting control.
Overall process receive light radiation beWherein ω(i)Indicate the DNI receiving amounts dispatched at i-th minute
Weights.Similarly, the intensity of illumination of overall process is divided into 3 grades：0-350w/m2、350-700w/m2、700-1050w/m2, every grade
Corresponding control time is divided into 10min, 6min, 2min.And regulate and control without stepping, it is divided into 6min between each control time.
Step S503, comparative analysis obtain the conclusion under average stepping.
Increase with the gear number of average stepping, adjust the increase of number, the reception amount (generated energy) of opposite light radiation also can
It accordingly increases, the precision of scheduling can also accordingly increase, and eventually approach the value (100%) of Real-Time Scheduling, as shown in Figure 10.
But since weak element is the fragile link of entire scheduling process, including service life must take into consideration, the number of scheduling is got over
More, then the frequency for replacing weak element is higher.
Embodiment six
As shown in figure 11, it is the Optimized Operation scheme under fine day state of the present invention, this method includes：
Step S601, unequal stepping ask threshold value programming.
As shown in figure 12, to ask the program of Intensity threshold, the Intensity threshold, i.e. sun light direct beam intensity to reach this
When 20 years weak elements replace economy be necessary for the maximum value in section.
Step S602, the Optimized Operation scheme in the case of unequal stepping.
According to the conclusion of five gained of embodiment, stepping number is more multiple, and electricity is higher.First by the sun light direct beam spoke of whole day
It penetrates intensity and is divided into K grades, the threshold value that its solar radiation intensity is then found out in each stepping that is averaged obtains K-1 stepping
Threshold value, then, using these threshold points as new stepping point, stepping again.It is finally corresponded to respectively in new stepping different
Control room is every being scheduled.
Step S603 realizes the unequal stepping Optimized Operation under fine day state in conjunction with historical data.
It selects the data of the fine day on the same day in 5 years as historical data, according to step S602, it is straight to acquire its sunlight
Penetrate radiation intensity threshold value, obtain its average value, i.e., as the history reference threshold point of this day, it follows that history stepping according to
According to distributing different control time intervals according to threshold point, you can must realize the Optimized Operation to every day.
It is particularly shown and described exemplary embodiments of the present invention above.It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to institute
Disclosed embodiment, on the contrary, it is intended to cover comprising within the scope of the appended claims various modifications and equivalent set
It changes.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step S101 collects optically focused module with respect to solar hour angle and short-circuit current data, is handled according to standardized method, obtain phase
To the relationship image of current coefficient and reception half-angle；
Step S102 obtains the sampling time as different time under 1min according to Opposed Current coefficient and the relationship image for receiving half-angle
The opposite generating efficiency in section；
Step S103 show that 20 years weak elements of rack replace economy according to the service life of weak element, cost；
Step S104, according to the sampling time for the opposite generating efficiency of different time intervals under 1min and with history sun light direct beam
Radiation intensity is reference, designs average stepping scheduling mode and unequal stepping scheduling mode；
The realization process of the step S101 includes：
Step S201 will be in different sun light direct beams according to optically focused module opposite solar hour angle and short-circuit current data is collected
Short circuit current under radiation intensity is converted to the short circuit current under standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity；
Step S202 obtains peak value standard sun light direct beam spoke according to the short circuit current under standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity
Penetrate the short circuit current under intensity；
Step S203, according under peak value standard sunlight direct solar radiation intensity short circuit current and standard sunlight direct solar radiation it is strong
The relationship of the lower short circuit current of degree determines the Opposed Current coefficient under different reception half-angles；
The realization process of the step S102 includes：
Step S301 to Opposed Current coefficient and receives the relational graph of half-angle into line function using the tool boxes cftool of MATLAB
Cubic fit obtains Opposed Current coefficient and receives the piecewise function relationship of half-angle；
Step S302 acquires the opposite power generation under different control time intervals using quad () integral function in MATLAB
Coefficient of discharge；
Step S303 will be set to 1min in the sampling time, and the different time is acquired using quad () integral function in MATLAB
The opposite generating efficiency in section；
The realization process of the step S103 includes：
Step S401 measures sunlight direct solar radiation intensity DNI, the power generation work(according to tracking efficiency eta and single solar modules
Rate P0, calculate because tracking number is reduced and the gene-ration revenue C of reduction(η)；
Step S402 calculates 20 years single racks weak element less and the expense R that saves according to tracking number f(f)；
Step S403 calculates 20 years single rack weak elements and replaces economy according to step S401 and step S402；
The realization process of average stepping scheduling mode described in the step S104 includes：
Track frequency is arranged in step S501, calculates the light radiation reception amount of the real-time solar tracking of overall process；
The light radiation intensity of whole day is averaged stepping, finds out the overall process light radiation in different steppings by step S502
Reception amount；
Step S503, comparative analysis step S502, obtain stepping number, generated energy, precision and weak element replacement frequency it
Between association；
The realization process of unequal stepping scheduling mode described in the step S104 includes：
Step S601, that designs unequal stepping seeks threshold value program；
Step S602 designs the Optimized Operation scheme in the case of unequal stepping；
Step S603 realizes the unequal stepping Optimized Operation under fine day state in conjunction with historical data；
Calculating described in the step S401 is because tracking number is reduced and the gene-ration revenue C of reduction(η)Specially：
C(η)=P0×A×B×(1-η)×C；
Wherein, P0For the generated output of single solar modules；The number for the module that A includes by a rack；B is between 20 years
Total work number of days；C is daily operating time；
The expense R of saving described in the step S402(f)Specially：
Wherein, B is work number of days total between 20 years, and N is the electric life of weak element, and M is the unit price of weak element, and D is each
Rack has 2 groups of weak elements, f0For all-weather traction number under real-time tracing state, f is tracking number；
Weak element described in the step S403 replaces economy：G (f, η)=R(f)-C(η)；Wherein, G (f, η)
What is indicated is the expense and the difference between electricity price is lost because reducing tracking that each rack is saved later by scheduling within 20 years
Value.
2. a kind of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device according to claim 1, feature
It is, the track frequency in the step S501 is that 2min trackings are primary；Light radiation intensity average mark in the step S502
Shelves are specially 5 grades or 3 grades.
3. a kind of Optimization Scheduling applied to high power concentrating photovoltaic sun-following device according to claim 1, feature
It is, the historical data in the step S603 is specially：The data of fine day in 5 years on the same day.
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| US20120255540A1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-11 | Hutchin Richard A | Sun tracking solar concentrator |
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