CN105095800B - Photodetector - Google Patents
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- CN105095800B CN105095800B CN201410193166.XA CN201410193166A CN105095800B CN 105095800 B CN105095800 B CN 105095800B CN 201410193166 A CN201410193166 A CN 201410193166A CN 105095800 B CN105095800 B CN 105095800B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photodetectors.The photodetector includes:First photoreceptor obtains detection signal for detecting optical signal;Second photoreceptor is provided with the coating for optical signal to be isolated on the outside of the second photoreceptor, for providing reference signal;And comparator, for obtaining logic control signal according to detection signal and reference signal, comparator includes first input end, the second input terminal and output end, first input end is connected with the first photoreceptor, signal is detected for inputting, second input terminal is connected with the second photoreceptor, is used for input reference signal, output end is for exporting logic control signal.Through the invention, and then enhancing anti-interference ability effect has been reached.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical sensor fields, in particular to a kind of photodetector.
Background technology
Traditional photodetector or optical sensor circuit detects high-strength light usually using pixel unit, then exports logic letter
Number (logic signal), the signal is related to the intensity of illumination.In the security application of smart card such as bank card, in order to anti-
Only lawless people is by tearing the data information in card acquisition bank card open, it will usually be detected using photodetector or optical sensor
Optical signal, when detecting optical signal, outputs level signals make the modes such as bank card internal short circuits destroy bank card
Internal data information, so that some lawless peoples tear the data information that can not be obtained after card in bank card open.But it is traditional
Photodetector or optical sensor pixel unit circuit in chip size it is bigger, the change in process for detecting optical signal is difficult
Control, it is difficult to apply in bank card, and due in pixel unit component it is more while complicated, therefore cost ratio
Costly.
Fig. 1 is optical detector circuit schematic diagram according to prior art.As shown in Figure 1, pixel unit (pixel cells)
Then PC ' circuits arrive latch LATCH ' progress by detecting optical signal by logic control circuit output logic signal LS '
It latches.Since pixel unit PC ' is weaker to the susceptibility of optical signal, the optical signal smaller to difference is difficult to differentiate, by extraneous ring
Border is affected, such as temperature, and noise jamming etc., anti-interference ability is poor.
For the problem that photodetector anti-interference ability in the prior art is poor, effective solution side is not yet proposed at present
Case.
Invention content
The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of photodetectors, and to solve, photodetector anti-interference ability is poor to ask
Topic.
To achieve the goals above, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of photodetector.It is according to the present invention
Photodetector includes:First photoreceptor obtains detection signal for detecting optical signal;Second photoreceptor, the second photoreceptor it is outer
Side is provided with the coating for optical signal to be isolated, for providing reference signal;And comparator, for according to detection signal and
Reference signal obtains logic control signal, and comparator includes first input end, the second input terminal and output end, first input end with
First photoreceptor is connected, and for inputting detection signal, the second input terminal is connected with the second photoreceptor, believes for input reference
Number, output end is for exporting logic control signal.
Further, the first photoreceptor is the first photodiode, and the second photoreceptor is the second photodiode, the first light
Electric diode and the second photodiode use identical photodiode;And the first input end and the first photoelectricity of comparator
The cathode of diode is connected, and the second input terminal of comparator is connected with the cathode of the second photodiode, wherein the first light
The anode of the anode of electric diode and the second photodiode is grounded respectively.
Further, photodetector further includes:Control circuit is distinguished with the first input end of comparator and the second input terminal
Be connected, for export control signal with control the first input end of comparator the first initial voltage and comparator it is second defeated
Enter second initial voltage at end.
Further, control circuit includes:First field-effect tube, the drain electrode of the first field-effect tube and the first of comparator defeated
Enter end to be connected, the source electrode of the first field-effect tube connects power supply;And second field-effect tube, the drain electrode of the second field-effect tube is compared with
Second input terminal of device is connected, and the source electrode of the second field-effect tube connects power supply.
Further, control circuit further includes:Reset level input terminal, with the first field-effect tube and the second field-effect tube
Grid is respectively connected with, for inputting reset signal to generate control signal.
Further, the first initial voltage has identical voltage value with the second initial voltage, and passes through the first initial voltage
Level signal with the conversion of the second initial voltage is all low level signal or high level signal.
Further, photodetector further includes:Latch is connected with the output end of comparator, is used for latching logic control
Signal processed.
Further, photodetector is the IC chip made of CMOS technology.
Further, photodetector is the photodetector using fully differential structure.
Further, photodetector is used for the data protection of smart card, and smart card includes bank card.
Through the invention, it will be examined using photodetector, including the first photoreceptor, the second photoreceptor and comparator, comparator
It surveys signal to be compared with reference signal, when the first photoreceptor detects the optical signal of very little, can still generate voltage change
Change, and be amplified by comparing device comparison, to export logic control signal so that photodetector is to external optical signals susceptibility
It significantly improves, solves the problems, such as that photodetector anti-interference ability is poor, and then reached enhancing anti-interference ability effect.
Description of the drawings
The attached drawing constituted part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Example and its explanation are applied for explaining the present invention, is not constituted improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is optical detector circuit schematic diagram according to prior art;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of photodetector according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of photodetector according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the oscillogram of photodetector according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention reset signal and output signal when there is no light;
Fig. 5 is the waveform of photodetector according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention reset signal and output signal under the first illumination
Figure;And
Fig. 6 is the waveform of photodetector according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention reset signal and output signal under the second illumination
Figure.
Specific implementation mode
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can phase
Mutually combination.The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
A kind of photodetector is provided according to embodiments of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is photodetector according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention
Circuit diagram.
As shown in Fig. 2, the photodetector includes:First photoreceptor D1, the second photoreceptor D2 and comparator C.
First photoreceptor D1 obtains detection signal for detecting optical signal.Be provided on the outside of second photoreceptor D2 for every
Coating from optical signal, for providing reference signal.The detection signal and the second photoreceptor D2 that first photoreceptor D1 is obtained carry
The reference signal of confession is level signal, and detection signal mainly is changed to obtain by the terminal voltage of first wherein one end photoreceptor D1,
Reference signal is changed to obtain by the terminal voltage of wherein one end of the second photoreceptor D2.When there is optical signal, the first photoreceptor D1 inspections
Measure optical signal so that the voltage of one end of the first photoreceptor D1 changes, and generates detection signal;Second photoreceptor D2 due to
Under the action of coating so that the second photoreceptor D2 does not receive optical signal, to the terminal voltage at the second both ends photoreceptor D2
It does not change, at this time using the terminal voltage of the one end being connect with comparator C as reference signal.
Comparator C is used to obtain logic control signal according to detection signal and reference signal, and comparator C includes the first input
End L1, the second input terminal L2 and output end L3, first input end L1 are connected with the first photoreceptor D1, for inputting detection letter
Number, the second input terminal L2 is connected with the second photoreceptor D2, is used for input reference signal, and output end L3 can be used for exporting logic
Control signal.As shown in Fig. 2, when there is optical signal, the first photoreceptor D1 detects optical signal, and the first photoreceptor D1 and
One terminal voltage of one input terminal L1 connections, which changes, generates detection signal, and the second photoreceptor D2 is due to the effect in coating
Under, the voltage at both ends does not change, takes and believes on the basis of the terminal voltage that the second photoreceptor D2 is connected with the second input terminal L2
Number, two input terminals of comparator C are compared signal is detected with reference signal, are obtained logic control signal and are passed through output end
L3 is exported, that is, comparator C passes through the potential difference of first input end L1 and the second input terminal L2 to logic control signal and defeated
Go out.
In the embodiment of the present invention, by using photodetector, including the first photoreceptor D1, the second photoreceptor D2 and comparator
C so that optical detector structure is simple, and the component of use is less, reduces cost, simultaneously because photodetector in the present embodiment
Detection signal is compared with reference signal, when the first photoreceptor D1 detects the optical signal of very little, can still be generated
The voltage change of very little, and be amplified by comparing device C comparisons, to export logic control signal so that photodetector is external
Boundary's optical signal susceptibility significantly improves, and enhances anti-interference ability.
In the present embodiment, photoreceptor can be all kinds of photoelectric devices, such as photodiode, photo resistance etc., can also
When other classes can be used for device that is photosensitive and generating electric signal.
Preferably, the first photoreceptor D1 be the first photodiode, the second photoreceptor D2 be the second photodiode, first
Photodiode and the second photodiode are identical photodiode.By in this present embodiment, the first photoreceptor D1 is used for
Detection optical signal simultaneously generates detection signal, and the second photoreceptor D2 is for providing reference signal, when using identical photodiode
When, it can effectively exclude the influence to detection signal and reference signal such as the parameter due to photoreceptor itself, performance so that
In the case of not having optical signal, the both end voltage of the first photoreceptor D1 and the second photoreceptor D2 are consistent, when there is optical signal,
Detection signal and reference signal can effectively generate difference, that is, the first input end L1 of comparator C and the second input terminal L2 productions
Raw potential difference.
The first input end L1 of comparator C is connected with the cathode of the first photodiode, the second input terminal of comparator C
L2 is connected with the cathode of the second photodiode, wherein the anode of the anode of the first photodiode and the second photodiode
It is grounded respectively.When not receiving optical signal due to photodiode, it is in reverse state, anode separated, photoelectricity with cathode
Diode itself pressure drop is very big, cathode terminal voltage charging, cathode terminal voltage be equivalent to supply voltage (if the moon of photodiode
Pole connects positive pole, plus earth);When photodiode receives optical signal, because illumination generates leakage between anode and cathode
Electricity and be connected, photodiode itself pressure drop is rapidly reduced to up to close to 0, and cathode terminal voltage reduces rapidly, and is equivalent to because of pole
End ground connection.In this course, the terminal voltage variation of photodiode anode especially greatly, enhances photodetector to optical signal
Sensitivity.
Due to the differential configuration formed using the first photodiode and the second photodiode so that in the present embodiment
Photodetector can effectively identify optical signal, and the first photodiode is for detecting optical signal and generating detection signal, the second light
Electric diode when using identical photodiode, can be excluded effectively due to photoreceptor sheet for providing reference signal
The influence to detection signal and reference signal such as parameter, performance of body so that in the case of no optical signal, the first photoelectricity two
Pole pipe and the cathode terminal voltage of the second photodiode are consistent, and when there is optical signal, detect signal and reference signal can
Effectively generate difference, that is, the first input end L1 of comparator C and the second input terminal L2 generate potential difference, and comparator C is according to this
Potential difference exports logic control signal.
During photodiode work, due to the effect of temperature factor, photodiode can be caused to leak electricity, if
Only with a photodiode, the first input end L1 of comparator C and the second input terminal L2 can be because caused by temperature factors
Electric leakage two generates potential difference, causes to export the unwanted logic control signal of user.The embodiment of the present invention uses two photoelectricity two
Pole pipe form differential configuration, due to two photodiodes use same model parameter photodiode, temperature because
It will produce electric leakage under the action of element, and electrical leakage quantity is identical, the cathode terminal voltage of two photodiodes is still identical, at this time will not
Logic control signal is exported, influence of the noise due to temperature factor etc. to photodetector is avoided.Meanwhile using same model
The photodiode of parameter can be effectively prevented from different photodiode production technologies it is different and to the influence of photodetector.
In addition, the first input end L1 voltage changes of comparator C have certain threshold range in the present embodiment, when first
When input terminal L1 voltage changes are in the threshold range, it can regard the voltage and the second input terminal L2 of first input end L1 as
Voltage still maintains identical, and the output end L3 of comparator C does not export logic control signal at this time;When first input end L1 voltages become
When changing beyond in the threshold range, the output end L3 of comparator C exports logic control signal.For example, when without optical signal, first is defeated
It is 1V to enter to hold the voltage of L1, and the voltage of the second input terminal L2 is also 1V, the first input end L1 voltage changes of wherein comparator C
Threshold range is 0.1V, and when the voltage of first input end L1 becomes 0.95V, voltage change amplitude is 0.05V, is less than
0.1V, determines the voltage change at this time and non-optical signals generates, and comparator C does not export logic control signal;Work as first input end
When the voltage of L1 becomes 0.8V, voltage change 0.2V is more than 0.1V, determines that the voltage change is generated by optical signal at this time, than
Logic control signal is exported compared with device C.By comparing the threshold range of the first input end L1 voltage changes of device C so that light detection
Device identifies effective detection signal, comparator C is avoided to be exported under some unsure states under the influence of some noises
The maloperation for the logic control signal that non-optical signals generates.
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of photodetector according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
As shown in figure 3, the photodetector includes:First photoreceptor D1, the second photoreceptor D2, comparator C, control circuit and
Latch LATCH, wherein control circuit include:First field-effect tube F1, the second field-effect tube F2 and reset level input terminal
Reset。
Control circuit and the first input end L1 and the second input terminal L2 of comparator C are respectively connected with, for exporting control
Signal to control the first initial voltage of the first input end L1 of comparator C and the second input terminal L2 of comparator C second at the beginning of
Beginning voltage.The control signal can use low level voltage signal, make the first initial electricity by the low level voltage signal
Pressure is identical with the holding of the second initial voltage, at this point, the first initial voltage and the second initial voltage are close to supply voltage.
Preferably, the first initial voltage and the second initial voltage have an identical voltage value, and by the first initial voltage and
The level signal of second initial voltage conversion is low level signal or high level signal.When the first photoreceptor D1 receives light letter
Number, pressure drop reduces, and the first initial voltage of comparator C follows reduction, at this point, the second photoreceptor D2 keeps the benchmark letter of high level
Number constant, comparator C's is compared detection signal and reference signal, and exports logic control signal.
Preferably, control circuit includes:First field-effect tube F1, drain electrode are connected with the first input end L1 of comparator C,
Source electrode connects power supply;And the second field-effect tube F2, drain electrode are connected with the second input terminal L2 of comparator C, source electrode connects power supply.The
One field-effect tube F1 and the second field-effect tube F2 be same model parameter field-effect tube, to avoid due to field-effect tube itself it is right
The influence of the first initial voltage and the second initial voltage of comparator C.
It should be noted that the first field-effect tube F1 and the second field-effect tube F2 in the present embodiment can use transistor and
There is thyristor etc. the device of similar functions to replace, the effect being equally reached in the present embodiment.Field-effect tube is this reality
The preferred embodiment of example is applied, does not have improper restriction to this programme.
Reset level input terminal Reset is respectively connected with the grid of the first field-effect tube F1 and the second field-effect tube F2,
For inputting reset signal, to generate the control signal.The reset signal can use low level voltage signal, for touching
The grid of the first field-effect tube F1 and the second field-effect tube F2 are sent out so that the source electrode and drain electrode and first of the first field-effect tube F1 is connected
The source electrode and drain electrode of field-effect tube F2 so that comparator C first input ends L1 and the second input terminal L2 is connected with power supply, at the beginning of first
Beginning voltage and the second initial voltage are consistent.
Photodiode in use, can all generate some leakies.In the case of no optical signal, meeting of leaking electricity
So that the voltage of the cathode of the cathode and the second photodiode of the first photodiode reduces, pass through reset level input terminal
Reset can input periodic reset signal so that after two photodiodes leak electricity, by two photodiodes
The terminal voltage of cathode reset to initial voltage (the first photodiode reset to the first initial voltage, the second photodiode
Reset to the second initial voltage).Wherein, the input period of reset signal can be according to the use environment of photodetector, user
Demand etc. is set.
When the source electrode of the source electrode of the first field-effect tube F1 and the second field-effect tube F2 connects the anode of power supply respectively, electricity is resetted
Flat input terminal Reset input low level reset signals, since the first photoreceptor D1 does not receive optical signal, then the first initial electricity
Pressure and the second initial voltage are supply voltage.When the first photoreceptor D1 receives optical signal, the first photoreceptor D1 pressure drops subtract
Small, comparator C first input end L1 voltages reduce, and receive detection signal, are compared with the reference signal of the second input terminal L2
Compared with output logic control signal.
Preferably, photodetector further includes:Latch LATCH is connected with the output end L3 of comparator C, for latching
Logic control signal.After latch LATCH is latched the logic control signal that comparator exports, it is additionally operable to output letter
Number, it is sent to other equipment.
It is further described the embodiment of the present invention with reference to Fig. 3.
In the present embodiment, the first photoreceptor D1 and the second photoreceptor D2 are all made of photodiode, wherein the first photoreceptor
D1 uses the first photodiode, the second photoreceptor D2 to use the second photodiode, the anode of the first photodiode and the
The anode of two photodiodes is grounded respectively.
When reset level input terminal Reset input low level reset signals, the source electrode and drain electrode of the first field-effect tube F1
Conducting, while the source electrode and drain electrode conducting of the second field-effect tube F2, the cathode of the first photodiode and the second photodiode
Cathode be connected respectively with positive pole, due at this time without optical signal, the anode and cathode of the first photodiode and the second photoelectricity
It is not turned between the anode and cathode of diode, then the voltage of the cathode of the cathode of the first photodiode and the second photodiode
Be positive pole voltage, to comparator C first input end L1 the first initial voltage and the second input terminal L2 second
Initial voltage is also positive pole voltage.Fig. 4 is photodetector according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention reset signal when there is no light
With the oscillogram of output signal.As shown in figure 4, curve 11 show the output signal curve of photodetector latch LATCH, it is bent
Line 21 show reset signal curve.In the case of no light, output signal curve is without upper and lower fluctuation.
When there is optical signal, the anode and cathode of the first photodiode is connected, itself pressure drop rapidly reduces, and causes cathode terminal electric
Pressure drop is low, generates detection signal;At the same time, under the action of coating, the negative and positive pole tension of the second photodiode is
It changes, the second input terminal L2 of anode tap output reference signal to comparator C.Comparator C will detect signal to be believed with benchmark
After number being compared, output logic control signal passes through Latch output signal to latch LATCH.Fig. 5 is according to the present invention
The oscillogram of the photodetector of embodiment reset signal and output signal under the first illumination.As shown in figure 5, the first illumination is light
Strong is the illumination of 100lux (Lux, lux, unit of illuminance), and the output that shown curve 13 is photodetector latch LATCH is believed
Number curve, curve 23 show reset signal curve.It can be seen from the figure that, when the first illumination, output signal curve occurs one
A fluctuation.
Fig. 6 is the waveform of photodetector according to the ... of the embodiment of the present invention reset signal and output signal under the second illumination
Figure.As shown in fig. 6, the illumination that it is 200lux that the first illumination, which is light intensity, shown curve 15 is the defeated of photodetector latch LATCH
Go out signal curve, curve 25 show reset signal curve.It can be seen from the figure that, when the second illumination, output signal curve goes out
An existing fluctuation.
Preferably, photodetector is the IC chip made of CMOS technology.By light inspection in this present embodiment
It is few to survey device component, simple in structure, the photodetector being fabricated to using CMOS technology is with low in energy consumption, speed is fast, anti-interference energy
The advantages that power is strong, integrated level is high can be fabricated to IC chip applied in various magnetic cards, data card, have a wide range of application.
Preferably, photodetector is the photodetector using fully differential structure.Since the photodetector of the present embodiment uses
The fully differential structure formed using the first photodiode and the second photodiode, the first photodiode and the second photoelectricity two
Pole pipe is shared out the work and help one another, and the current potential of the cathode and the first photodiode cathode of the first photodiode is detected by comparing device
Difference exports logic control signal, can eliminate noise jamming, avoid the maloperation of comparator C.
Preferably, photodetector is used for the data protection of bank card.Photodetector provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Ke Yiyong
In all kinds of magnetic cards such as bank card or data card, to prevent bank card information from revealing.Since the internal information of bank card is suitable
Important, someone dismantles bank card to obtain bank's card inside information in order to prevent, and the photodetector of the present embodiment can detect
Card inside information is locked by output signal while optical signal or output signal causes the interior short circuit of card to destroy in card
Data information avoids information leakage, achievees the purpose that protect bank card data.Certainly, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that it is of the invention
During the photodetector that embodiment provides can also be used for other applications, it is applied in bank card only one of which purposes, not
Have has improper restriction to this programme.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of photodetector, which is characterized in that including:
First photoreceptor obtains detection signal for detecting optical signal;
Second photoreceptor is provided with the coating for the optical signal to be isolated on the outside of second photoreceptor, for providing
Reference signal;And
Comparator, for obtaining logic control signal according to the detection signal and the reference signal, the comparator includes
First input end, the second input terminal and output end, the first input end is connected with first photoreceptor, for inputting
Detection signal is stated, second input terminal is connected with second photoreceptor, for inputting the reference signal, the output
End is for exporting the logic control signal;
Wherein, first photoreceptor is the first photodiode, and second photoreceptor is the second photodiode, described the
One photodiode and second photodiode use identical photodiode;
Wherein, the first initial voltage of the first input end has identical electricity with the second initial voltage of second input terminal
Pressure value;
The first input end of the comparator is connected with the cathode of first photodiode, and the second of the comparator is defeated
Enter end with the cathode of second photodiode to be connected, wherein the anode of first photodiode and second light
The anode of electric diode is grounded respectively;
The photodetector further includes:Control circuit, wherein the control circuit includes:First field-effect tube, described first
The drain electrode of effect pipe is connected with the first input end of the comparator, and the source electrode of first field-effect tube connects power supply;And
The drain electrode of second field-effect tube, second field-effect tube is connected with the second input terminal of the comparator, described second
The source electrode of effect pipe connects the power supply.
2. photodetector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
Control circuit is respectively connected with the first input end of the comparator and the second input terminal, for exporting control signal
It is initial with control the first initial voltage of the first input end of the comparator and the second input terminal of the comparator second
Voltage.
3. photodetector according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the control circuit further includes:
Reset level input terminal is respectively connected with the grid of first field-effect tube and second field-effect tube, is used for
Reset signal is inputted to generate the control signal.
4. photodetector according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first initial voltage and the described second initial electricity
Pressing element has identical voltage value, and is all low by the level signal that first initial voltage and second initial voltage convert
Level signal or high level signal.
5. photodetector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
Latch is connected with the output end of the comparator, for latching the logic control signal.
6. photodetector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photodetector is to be made of CMOS technology
IC chip.
7. photodetector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the photodetector is the light using fully differential structure
Detector.
8. photodetector according to any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that the photodetector is for intelligence
The data protection of card, the smart card include bank card.
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CN107340058A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-10 | 中芯国际集成电路制造(上海)有限公司 | Optical detection circuit and electronic equipment |
CN108288031B (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2021-10-22 | 柳州梓博科技有限公司 | Sensitization drive circuit, sensitization device and electronic equipment |
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