CN105095634B - A kind of Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass - Google Patents
A kind of Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass, belong to oil-gas seismic exploration field.This method analyzes the quality of migration imaging on the basis of migration imaging is carried out using initial velocity model, the reason for finding out the insufficient position of imaging, determine imaging deficiency, determines the region of speed modification；Small block data is established a new velocity field into fritter by the region division to needing to carry out speed modification, and carries out the migration processing of friction speed value, determines to be imaged rational speed according to migration result；By repetitive cycling iteration, until obtaining the rate pattern precision met the requirements.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil-gas seismic exploration fields, and in particular to a kind of Migration velocity model based on geological mass is established
Method.
Background technology
In the migration processing of oil seismic exploration three-dimensional data, migration velocity is the key that determine imaging effect ginseng
Number, the size that it does not require nothing more than velocity amplitude restrains diffracted wave, and it is underground geologic bodies and object to require the variation tendency of speed
Property variation correct response.The establishment of Migration velocity model, majority be using stack velocity by Dix formula convert after, then into
Horizontal smooth of row, as initial migration velocity field model.Common main method has：
1st, iterative scans method：Using three-dimensional overlay velocity field, converted by Dix formula and obtain an initial migration velocity
, it carries out the increasing of speed again on this basis or reduces to carry out data-bias imaging, it is true depending on its architectonic imaging effect
The reasonability of constant speed degree finally determines migration velocity field by multiple loop iteration.Shortcoming is heavy workload, calculates the time
Length, human factor are more, change greatly for structural relief or the region of crushed zone is difficult to obtain accurately velocity field.
2nd, techonosphere method：Using stack velocity data, with reference to geological structure layer is explained, by the t of layer0Time establishes each layer
After the processing such as interval velocity, smoothed filtering, the average speed of each layer is obtained with accumulative, then is used for after being demarcated with drilling data inclined
It moves.Shortcoming is heavy workload, complicated for operation, it is difficult to effectively be applied in complex structural area.
3rd, isochronous surface method：With three-dimensional overlay speed data, three-dimensional face element coordinate data is provided based on well-shooting data
Material, stack velocity is converted by Dix formula and the calibration of well data determines interval velocity, is smoothly determined afterwards using velocity correction
Interval velocity calculates interval velocity displacement between two isochronous surfaces.This method is similar with techonosphere method, but compares techonosphere
Method is relatively easy, and fine techonosphere is not required to explain, reduces interpretation errors.Shortcoming is can not for the area of no well data
Effectively application.
Oil seismic exploration needs high-precision migrated seismic section, when pre-stack time migration is handled, establishes a standard
True rate pattern is very crucial.There are many method for building up of rate pattern, but be required for by multiple amendment with it is complete
It is kind, it can be only achieved rate pattern more accurately demand.Generally use stack velocity establishes initial rate pattern, this model
Often there are some errors with true geology image taking speed.Need the speed amendment in progress later stage.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve above-mentioned problem in the prior art, provide a kind of based on the inclined of geological mass
Velocity model building method is moved, it is convenient and efficient to establish the higher Migration velocity model of precision exactly, improve seismic migration imaging
Precision, reduce calculations of offset amount, save and calculate the time, speed determines accurately, effectively efficiently to establish and more accurately deviate
Rate pattern, so as to obtain the migrated seismic section of degree of precision.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass is carrying out migration imaging using initial velocity model
On the basis of, the quality of migration imaging is analyzed, the reason for finding out the insufficient position of imaging, determine imaging deficiency, determines that speed is repaiied
The region changed；
Small block data is established a new velocity field, gone forward side by side by the region division to needing to carry out speed modification into fritter
The migration processing of row friction speed value determines to be imaged rational speed according to migration result；
By repetitive cycling iteration, until obtaining the rate pattern precision met the requirements.
The described method includes：
(1) seismic processing data are inputted, establish initial velocity model；
(2) whole geological mass design；
(3) determine speed correcting region, form geological mass；
(4) scope of geological mass is designed；
(5) erection rate of the geological mass is determined：By changing speed percentage value, each geological mass is established
Different rate patterns；
(6) geological mass migration imaging：The correspondence geological mass established to each geological mass using step (5) is not
Same rate pattern carries out migration processing and obtains migration imaging result；
(7) the migration imaging result that step display (6) obtains；
(8) effect analysis：The migration imaging of each geological mass is analyzed as a result, interpretive analysis judges adjusted portion
Rationally whether position playback, whether playback is accurate, whether meets geologic rule, if met, effect reaches requirement, if be not inconsistent
It closes, then effect does not reach requirement；
(9) judge whether effect reaches requirement, if so, (10) are then entered step, if not, return to step (5)；
(10) output speed and aggregate speed field；
(11) the bulk velocity field and offset data that output merges.
What the step (1) was realized in：
Indivedual excessive or too small velocity amplitudes are adjusted to and circumferential speed phase by the speed analyzed during using stacking image
Closely；
In the region that stack velocity fluctuations are larger, an initial velocity model is generated after being smoothed.
What the step (2) was realized in：
The crossline direction of initial velocity model (i.e. three-dimensional data overall data) is designed as x directions, in-line direction design
For y directions, time orientation is designed as z directions.A three-dimensional system of coordinate is so formed by x, y and z；
Design the integral multiple at intervals of CDP number in x directions；
Design the integral multiple at intervals of trace spacing in y directions；
Z directions：Time, time interval was 100 milliseconds since 0 millisecond.
It designs at intervals of 10 CDP numbers in x directions；It designs at intervals of 10 seismic channel numbers in y directions.
What the step (3) was realized in：
The regional extent that the position playback of finding out migration imaging data is unreasonable, playback is inaccurate, determines each region model
The scope of three coordinates enclosed, i.e. speed correcting region take the corresponding geological structure of the data area of the speed correcting region
Into a data block, i.e. geological mass.
What the step (4) was realized in：
According to the characteristics of geologic structure and geologic horizon at test data, suitably expand the scope of the geological mass,
It is specific as follows：
When tectonic position is dipping bed, dip down direction expansion, is expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；
When tectonic position is flat bed, expand around, expand 3-5 kms；
When tectonic position is tomography, expands to tomography downdip direction, be expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；
When tectonic position is protrusion, expands to protrusion lower section, be expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；
Most the geological mass expands as a cubical data at last.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Because there is the mistake with actual imaging speed in initial velocity
Difference, geologic horizon playback is inaccurate during offset, and geological structure is caused to generate error.It can conveniently be realized using this method
The seismic imaging speed being closer to actual imaging speed is analyzed, earthquake information playback can be made in imaging to rational position
It puts so that the imaging and focusing of big cross section, fractured subterranean formation reflection is clear, and upper and lower interface imaging is reasonable, and construction is clear, and resolution capability carries
Height, stratum reflection strong or weak relation and wave group feature substantially protrude, and are easy to geologic structure interpretation and carry out integrated geological interpretation etc..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is geological mass global design schematic diagram.
Fig. 2-1 is that the first that geological mass is chosen in schematic diagram chooses schematic diagram.
Fig. 2-2 is that schematic diagram is chosen in second that geological mass is chosen in schematic diagram.
Fig. 2-3 is the third selection schematic diagram in geological mass selection schematic diagram.
Fig. 3-1 is the data block input range schematic diagram of tilted stratum.
Fig. 3-2 is the data block input range schematic diagram of acline.
Fig. 3-3 is the data block input range schematic diagram of cross-section structure.
Fig. 3-4 is the data block input range schematic diagram of raised (complexity) construction.
Fig. 4 is the step block diagram of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 5-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section of major fault.
Fig. 5-2 is the migrated section of the major fault obtained using this method.
Fig. 6-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section at deep layer buried hill position.
Fig. 6-2 is the migrated section at the deep layer buried hill position obtained using this method.
Fig. 7-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section at first position in embodiment 1.
Fig. 7-2 is the migrated section at first position in the embodiment 1 obtained using this method.
Fig. 8-1 is the initial velocity model migrated section at second position in embodiment 1.
Fig. 8-2 is the migrated section at second position in the embodiment 1 obtained using this method.
Fig. 9 is the initial velocity model migrated section in example 2.
Figure 10 is the migrated section in the example 2 obtained using this method.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Migration velocity model analysis method for building up the present invention is based on geological mass has unique advantage, can make up
Existing method and the deficiency of other methods are stated, the Migration velocity model precision of acquisition is high.
On the basis of migration imaging is carried out using initial velocity model, the quality of migration imaging is analyzed, finds out imaging not
The position of foot determines the reason for imaging is insufficient, determines the region of speed modification.To need carry out speed modification region division into
Small block data is established a new velocity field, and carries out the migration processing of friction speed value by fritter, true according to migration result
Surely it is imaged rational speed.The process is needed by repetitive cycling iteration several times, the rate pattern precision until reaching requirement
Until.
The specific implementation process is as follows：
The foundation of 1 basal rate model
The first step of migration velocity analysis is to establish initial rate pattern.The speed analyzed during using stacking image,
Simple speed amendment is carried out according to tectonic characteristics (to be adjusted to indivedual excessive or too small velocity amplitudes and circumferential speed phase
Closely.), and necessary zonal smoothing processing is carried out (in the larger region of stack velocity fluctuations, it is necessary to smoothly be located
Reason) an initial rate pattern is generated afterwards (using stack velocity by root mean sequare velocity conversion formula, one is generated after conversion
Rate pattern is initial velocity model.).Processing below is exactly to carry out careful speed amendment with changing using this model
In generation, determines that establish final migration velocity field deviates for final geology according to geology migration imaging precision.
The design of 2 geological mass
The crossline direction of three-dimensional data overall data is designed as x directions, in-line direction is designed as y directions, time orientation
It is designed as z directions.A three-dimensional system of coordinate is so formed by x, y and z, as shown in Figure 1.
The specific design of actual three dimensional seismic data：
X directions：The minimum unit of the direction according to CDP line-spacings set, as CDP be 25 meters when, can by 10 CDP be one
Cell cube, i.e., 250 meters.
Y directions：As trace spacing be 25 meters when, design 250 meters be a cell cube；
Z directions：Time, design time was at intervals of 100 milliseconds since 0 millisecond, when such as the record time is 6000 milliseconds, when
Between on be divided into 60 cell cubes.
Design cell body spread pattern is：x1, x2, x3..., xn, y1, y2, y3..., ym, z1, z2, z3..., z60, wherein, n
For the space-number in x coordinate direction, m is the space-number in y-coordinate direction.
The selection of 3 geological mass
Progress speed adjustment will be needed (to refer to the portion on migration imaging data (such as high-dip structure, major fault, inclination angle stratum)
The regional extent that position playback is unreasonable, playback is inaccurate.) the corresponding geological structure of data area take into a data block,
Referred to as " geological mass ", and this data area is associated under normal circumstances with geological structure.Then to this " geological mass "
Carry out adjustment analysis and the migration imaging of speed.
The method of selection：According to the migrated section of processing, to needing modified data position, the model of three coordinates is determined
It encloses, such as chooses：①x50, y60, z10, 2. x50, y60, y61, z10, z11, 3. x100, x101, y90, y91, y92, z100, z101, z102, z103,
Respectively as shown in Fig. 2-1 to Fig. 2-3.
The definite principle of 4 block sizes
After data scope that needs to be tested is determined, according to the geologic structure and geological stratification at test data
The characteristics of position, is (such as：Flat bed, oblique layer, complicated structure body and section etc.), the appropriate scope for expanding input operational data body be (input
Data volume) with meet structural offset playback the needs of.Specific Principles are：A, when tectonic position is dipping bed, input data will
Dip down direction expansion, is expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；B, when tectonic position is flat bed, input data will
Expand around, it is general to expand 3-5 kms；C, when tectonic position is tomography, input data will expand to tomography downdip direction,
It is expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；D, when tectonic position is protrusion, input data will expand to protrusion lower section,
It is expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset.As shown in Fig. 3-1 to Fig. 3-4.These last widened data are all one
Cubical data.
5 realize flow
On the basis of initial velocity, the migration imaging of initial velocity is carried out, speed correcting region is analyzed and goes forward side by side scanning frequency
Degree adjustment and offset determine final migration velocity field according to geology imaging results.The process of specific implementation is：To by using just
The seismic data of beginning rate pattern migration processing carries out the distribution design of whole geological mass, forms one and meet xyz coordinate systems
Interior data block；Data analyze with the regional extent and block number of definite speed inaccuracy, is needing the modified model of speed
In enclosing, corresponding sub- geological mass is chosen, small block data body is carried out to the local offset of real-time friction speed, according to result point
Analysis determines velocity amplitude；To analysis in need region carry out aforesaid operations, the aggregate speed after the completion of all blocks operations
Field (is merged all speed by connection, interpolating method), final using this after obtaining final speed correction model
Rate pattern to overall data be ultimately imaged migration processing, the flow of specific implementation as shown in figure 4, including：
(1) seismic processing data are inputted；
(2) whole geological mass design；
(3) speed correcting region is determined；
(4) design section block scope；
(5) a point geological mass erection rate is determined：By changing speed percentage value, several different speed moulds are established
Type；
(6) geological mass migration imaging is divided：The model for the friction speed established using previous step carries out migration processing)；
(7) display analysis migration imaging result；
(8) effect analysis：Data after analysis migration imaging, the adjusted position of interpretive analysis judgement (such as high-dip structure,
Major fault, inclination angle stratum etc.) whether playback is reasonable, whether playback is accurate, whether meets geologic rule；
(9) judge whether effect reaches requirement, if so, (10) are then entered step, if not, return to step (5)；
(10) output speed aggregate speed field：The speed of first output modifications, by all speed determine after again together into
Row merges；
(11) overall offset data are exported.
Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2 is the position of a major fault, and Fig. 5-1 is initial velocity model migrated section, and Fig. 5-2 is to adopt
The migrated section obtained with this method, it can be seen that the imaging and focusing of big cross section is preferable, and the reflection of fractured subterranean formation upper abdomen stratum is clear
Chu.
Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2 is deep layer buried hill position, and Fig. 6-1 is initial velocity model migrated section, and Fig. 6-2 is to adopt
With the migrated section of this method, it can be seen that top surface imaging in buried hill is clear, and inside story reflection is also improved, the ground at the top of buried hill
Layer catoptric imaging wave group feature understands that unitary construction is rationally apparent, is easy to stratum tracking and explains.
Example 1：It carries out, using processing, achieving preferably effect using HY block of this method in certain oily area.Fig. 7-1 to
Fig. 8-2 is 2 different parts of same seismic data, and Fig. 7-1 is the imaging effect using initial velocity, and Fig. 7-2 is
Using the imaging effect after this method.2 step tomography of Fig. 7-2 sections understands that the stratum reflectance signature between tomography is apparent；
Fig. 8-1 is the section of original place reason, and Fig. 8-2 is using the improved processing profiles of this method.The tomography of Fig. 8-2 understands, under section
Innerland matter imaging of interface understands, is easy to structure interpretation and later stage geological research.
Example 2：Certain oily area BD block data.Fig. 9 is the section of original place reason, and Figure 10 is using the improved processing of this method
Section.2 positions when the data is handled in emphasis dialogue chromosphere have carried out speed amendment, hence it is evident that find out improved section
Wave group feature is apparent, and stratum catoptric imaging is reasonable, and construction is clear, and resolution capability improves, and is easy to geologic structure interpretation and progress
Integrated geological interpretation.
It is of the invention convenient and efficient to establish the higher migration velocity of precision exactly, it is carried out partially using initial velocity model
The reason for moving into as on the basis of, analyze the quality of migration imaging, finding out the insufficient position of imaging, determine imaging deficiency, determines
The region of speed modification.Small block data is established a new speed by the region division to needing to carry out speed modification into fritter
Field is spent, and carries out the migration processing of friction speed value, determines to be imaged rational speed according to migration result.Obtaining accurate speed
Spend model after, offset diffraction can Complete Convergence, tilt lineups can preferably playback, obtain the imaging section of high quality,
It is easy to structure interpretation and its later stage research.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is one embodiment of the present invention, for those skilled in the art, at this
On the basis of disclosure of the invention application process and principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, be not limited solely to this
Invent the described method of above-mentioned specific embodiment, therefore previously described mode is simply preferred, and and without limitation
The meaning of property.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Migration velocity model method for building up based on geological mass, it is characterised in that：The method is utilizing initial speed
It spends on the basis of model progress migration imaging, analyzes the quality of migration imaging, find out the insufficient position of imaging, determine imaging deficiency
The reason for, determine the region that speed is changed；
Small block data is established a new velocity field, and carried out not by the region division to needing to carry out speed modification into fritter
With the migration processing of velocity amplitude, determine to be imaged rational speed according to migration result；
By repetitive cycling iteration, until obtaining the rate pattern precision met the requirements；
The described method includes：
(1) seismic processing data are inputted, establish initial velocity model；
(2) whole geological mass design；
(3) determine speed correcting region, form geological mass；
(4) scope of geological mass is designed；
(5) erection rate of the geological mass is determined：By changing speed percentage value, each geological mass is established different
Rate pattern；
(6) geological mass migration imaging：The different of the correspondence of step (5) the foundation geological mass are used each geological mass
Rate pattern carries out migration processing and obtains migration imaging result；
(7) the migration imaging result that step display (6) obtains；
(8) effect analysis：The migration imaging of each geological mass is analyzed as a result, interpretive analysis judges that adjusted position is returned
Rationally whether position, whether playback is accurate, whether meets geologic rule, if met, effect reaches requirement, if do not met,
Then effect does not reach requirement；
(9) judge whether effect reaches requirement, if so, (10) are then entered step, if not, return to step (5)；
(10) output speed and aggregate speed field；
(11) the bulk velocity field and offset data that output merges.
2. the Migration velocity model method for building up according to claim 1 based on geological mass, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly (1) is realized in：
Indivedual excessive or too small velocity amplitudes are adjusted to close with circumferential speed by the speed analyzed during using stacking image；
In the region that stack velocity fluctuations are larger, an initial velocity model is generated after being smoothed.
3. the Migration velocity model method for building up according to claim 1 based on geological mass, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly (2) are realized in：
The crossline direction of initial velocity model is designed as x directions, in-line direction is designed as y directions, and time orientation is designed as z side
To so forming a three-dimensional system of coordinate by x, y and z；
Design the integral multiple at intervals of CDP number in x directions；
Design the integral multiple at intervals of trace spacing in y directions；
Z directions：Time, time interval was 100 milliseconds since 0 millisecond.
4. the Migration velocity model method for building up according to claim 3 based on geological mass, it is characterised in that：X directions
Design is at intervals of 10 CDP numbers；It designs at intervals of 10 seismic channel numbers in y directions.
5. the Migration velocity model method for building up according to claim 1 based on geological mass, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly (3) are realized in：
The regional extent that the position playback of finding out migration imaging data is unreasonable, playback is inaccurate, determines each regional extent
The corresponding geological structure of the data area of the speed correcting region is taken into one by the scope of three coordinates, i.e. speed correcting region
A data block, i.e. geological mass.
6. the Migration velocity model method for building up according to claim 1 based on geological mass, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly (4) are realized in：
According to the characteristics of geologic structure and geologic horizon at test data, suitably expand the scope of the geological mass, specifically
It is as follows：
When tectonic position is dipping bed, dip down direction expansion, is expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；
When tectonic position is flat bed, expand around, expand 3-5 kms；
When tectonic position is tomography, expands to tomography downdip direction, be expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；
When tectonic position is protrusion, expands to protrusion lower section, be expanded to the migration aperture scope needed during offset；
Most the geological mass expands as a cubical data at last.
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