CN105092705B - The multi-modal signal detecting method and device of a kind of steel rail defect - Google Patents
The multi-modal signal detecting method and device of a kind of steel rail defect Download PDFInfo
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- CN105092705B CN105092705B CN201510541891.6A CN201510541891A CN105092705B CN 105092705 B CN105092705 B CN 105092705B CN 201510541891 A CN201510541891 A CN 201510541891A CN 105092705 B CN105092705 B CN 105092705B
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Abstract
The invention provides the multi-modal signal detecting method and device of a kind of steel rail defect, this method includes：Obtain the optical signalling in the surface region to be measured of rail to be measured, and according to optical signalling, determine the space distribution information and surface hurt type of Rail Surface hurt；The photoacoustic signal in Rail Surface hurt position region is obtained, and according to photoacoustic signal, determines the space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt type of rail shallow-layer hurt；Obtain the ultrasound echo signal in the region of rail shallow-layer hurt position region and deeper inside, and according to ultrasound echo signal, determine the space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of rail deep layer hurt；According to the hurt space distribution information of Rail Surface, shallow-layer and deep layer, fusion optics, optoacoustic and the detection data of ultrasound, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to rail to be measured.The present invention effectively increases the precision and efficiency of testing result, more directly perceived vivider can show the defects of rail is present.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of nondestructive testing, more particularly to a kind of multi-modal signal detecting method of steel rail defect and
Device.
Background technology
Ultrasonic technique has obtained extensively and the application of maturation in field of non destructive testing, and photoacoustic imaging technology is as near
A kind of non-destructive testing technology to grow up over year, has also obtained fully developing.Detected in the defects of high ferro rail, ultrasound
Technology takes full advantage of the high-penetration of ultrasonic signal, and rail and hurt space, corrosion etc. be to the acoustic impedance difference of sound wave,
Using probe transmitting ultrasonic beam and echo-signal is obtained, by being analyzed signal and being handled, to judge and identify rail
The defects of information.Photoacoustic imaging technology then combines the high contrast features of pure optical imagery and the high-penetration spy of pure ultrasonic imaging
Property, decay scattering of the rail to ultrasound is much smaller than decay and scattering of the rail to light, ultrasonic wave is detected with broad band ultrasonic detector
Instead of detecting scattered photon in optical imagery, high-contrast and high-resolution image can be provided, it, which is imaged, reaches a centimetre amount
Level depth and micron dimension resolution ratio.Using short-pulse laser as driving source, photoacoustic signal as information carrier, according to rail with
Hurt space, corrosion etc. have bigger difference to the optical absorption coefficient of specific wavelength laser and then radiate varying strength ultrasonic wave
Principle be imaged, by carrying out image reconstruction to the photoacoustic signal that collects, so as to obtain steel rail defect information.
Most of non-destructive testing technologies are required for just obtaining the defects of rail is present after comprehensive scanning is carried out to rail
Information, detection efficiency are very low.In addition, ultrasound is for the detection of Rail Surface and superficial defects, optoacoustic for rail internal flaw
Shortcomings, detection range are limited.However, being directed to this kind of detection object of rail, its defect originates from surface mostly, only can be true
Determine the position of surface defect, can not internally be detected, therefore, detection range is limited and detection efficiency is relatively low.
The content of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of multi-modal signal detecting method and device of steel rail defect, to solve
Existing non-destructive testing technology is limited to detection range present in rail surface defects detection technique and detection efficiency is relatively low asks
Topic.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of multi-modal signal detecting method of steel rail defect, this method bag
Include：
The optical signalling in the surface region to be measured of rail to be measured is obtained, and according to the optical signalling, determines Rail Surface
The space distribution information and surface hurt type of hurt；
The photoacoustic signal in Rail Surface hurt position region is obtained, and according to the photoacoustic signal, determines that rail is shallow
The space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt type of layer hurt；
The ultrasound echo signal in rail shallow-layer hurt position region and the region of deeper inside is obtained, and according to described
Ultrasound echo signal, determine the space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of rail deep layer hurt；
According to the space distribution information of Rail Surface hurt and surface hurt type, the spatial distribution of rail shallow-layer hurt letter
Breath and the space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of shallow-layer hurt type and rail deep layer hurt, three are carried out to the rail to be measured
Dimension is rebuild.
Optionally, the photoacoustic signal for obtaining Rail Surface hurt position region, and according to the photoacoustic signal,
The space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt type of rail shallow-layer hurt are determined, is specifically included：
The generation photoacoustic signal in Rail Surface hurt position region is obtained, image weight is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal
Build, obtain photoacoustic image；
The photoacoustic image is handled and analyzed, determines the space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt of rail shallow-layer hurt
Type.
Optionally, the space distribution information of the Rail Surface hurt, including：The position of Rail Surface hurt, size, prolong
Stretch direction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a kind of multi-modal signal supervisory instrument of steel rail defect, the device
Including：
Light source, CCD camera, optical fiber, focus lamp, complex array ultrasonic probe, pulse laser, beam expanding lens, multichannel are simultaneously
Row Acquisition Circuit and computer；The light source, CCD camera, pulse laser, complex array ultrasonic probe lead to more with described respectively
The control terminal of road parallel acquisition circuit is connected, and the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit is connected with the computer；
The light source, for irradiating rail to be measured；
The CCD camera, the optical signalling in the surface region to be measured for gathering rail to be measured, and the optics that will be collected
Signal is transferred to the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit；
The pulse laser, for producing the pulse laser being scanned to the region to be measured of Rail Surface, the arteries and veins
Impulse light fiber-optic illuminated arrives Rail Surface successively after the beam expanding lens and focus lamp are expanded and focused on, coupled to described
Region to be measured, to produce photoacoustic signal；
The complex array ultrasonic probe, immerse in coupling liquid, the optoacoustic letter in the region to be measured for gathering Rail Surface
Number, and the ultrasound echo signal of the region deeper inside, and the photoacoustic signal collected and ultrasound echo signal are transferred to institute
State multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit；
The multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit pre-processes to the optical signalling, photoacoustic signal and ultrasound echo signal
After be uploaded to the computer；
The computer determines that Rail Surface is hindered according to the optical signalling, photoacoustic signal and ultrasound echo signal received
Space distribution information and surface hurt type, the space distribution information of rail shallow-layer hurt and shallow-layer hurt type of damage, and
The space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of rail deep layer hurt, and three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to the rail to be measured.
Optionally, described device also includes：
Servo-motors driving platforms, visited for carrying and fixing the light source, CCD camera, optical fiber and complex array ultrasound
Head, and under the control of the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit, the light source, CCD camera, optical fiber and complex array ultrasound are visited
Head carries out position control.
Optionally, pulse laser caused by the pulse laser, its wavelength are 532nm, pulse width 6nm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The multi-modal signal detecting method and device of steel rail defect provided by the invention, have the advantages that：
1. present invention uses the detection that the signal of three kinds of optics, optoacoustic and ultrasound mode carries out high ferro rail defects and failures, profit
Determine the position of Rail Surface hurt first with optical signalling, recycle pulse laser and more array element ultrasonic probes collection institute true
Determine the photoacoustic signal of rail shallow-layer and the ultrasonic signal of deep layer, can more thoroughly detect high ferro steel rail defect；
2. the characteristics of present invention almost all originates from surface for steel rail defect and inwardly developed, first by CCD phases
The optical signalling of machine collection high ferro Rail Surface is utilized respectively photoacoustic signal and ultrasound again afterwards to determine the distribution of rail defects and failures
Signal determines the defects of the distributed areas in shallow-layer and internal situation, comprehensive so as to overcome common lossless detection method
The shortcomings that scanning efficiency is low；
3. the present invention is by the processing to high ferro rail optical signalling, photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal that collects with melting
Close, it is final to establish the threedimensional model for detect rail, more intuitively vivider it can show the problem of rail is present, so that more
Beneficial to the maintenance scheme for formulating the later stage.
Brief description of the drawings
By reading the detailed description of hereafter preferred embodiment, it is various other the advantages of and benefit it is common for this area
Technical staff will be clear understanding.Accompanying drawing is only used for showing the purpose of preferred embodiment, and is not considered as to the present invention
Limitation.And in whole accompanying drawing, identical part is denoted by the same reference numerals.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the multi-modal signal detecting method for steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes；
Fig. 2 is a kind of logical schematic of the multi-modal signal detecting method for steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes；
Fig. 3 is the pickup area schematic diagram of three kinds of mode signals of high ferro rail that the embodiment of the present invention proposes；
Fig. 4 is the high ferro Rail Surface optical signalling that CCD camera collects in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is (Rail Surface) the laser scanning region determined in the embodiment of the present invention according to surface defect spatial distribution；
Fig. 6 is the high ferro rail photoacoustic signal schematic diagram that complex array ultrasonic probe collects in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the photoacoustic image under rail shallow-layer different depth in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is ultrasonoscopy of the rail underbead crack under 1mm depth in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is ultrasonoscopy of the rail underbead crack under 2mm depth in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is ultrasonoscopy of the rail underbead crack under 3mm depth in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is ultrasonoscopy of the rail underbead crack under 4mm depth in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is ultrasonoscopy of the rail underbead crack under 5mm depth in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 13 is ultrasonoscopy of the rail underbead crack under 6mm depth in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 14 is a kind of structural representation of the multi-modal signal supervisory instrument for steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label represents same or similar element or the element with same or like function.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is individual ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that what is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
Diction " comprising " refer to the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component be present, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
One or more other features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their groups.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific terminology), there is the general understanding identical meaning with the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms defined in such as general dictionary, it should be understood that have with the context of prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning, and unless by specific definitions, otherwise will not be explained with the implication of idealization or overly formal.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of flow chart of the multi-modal signal detecting method of steel rail defect of the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference picture 1, the multi-modal signal detecting method for the steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes specifically include following step
Suddenly：
S11, obtain rail to be measured surface region to be measured optical signalling, and according to the optical signalling, determine rail
The space distribution information and surface hurt type of surface hurt；
In practical application, the optical signalling of Rail Surface to be measured is obtained using CCD camera, is uploaded at computer
Reason, determine the space distribution informations such as the position of Rail Surface hurt, size, bearing of trend, and the type of surface hurt；Its
In, rail can be high ferro rail, rail of subway etc..
S12, the photoacoustic signal for obtaining Rail Surface hurt position region, and according to the photoacoustic signal, determine steel
The space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt type of rail shallow-layer hurt；
Specifically, the step S12 is specifically included：
The generation photoacoustic signal in Rail Surface hurt position region is obtained, image weight is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal
Build, obtain photoacoustic image；
The photoacoustic image is handled and analyzed, determines the space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt of rail shallow-layer hurt
Type.
Wherein, image reconstruction specifically refers to be somebody's turn to do to characterize Rail Surface with the photoacoustic spectrum of each tested point of collection
The light absorbs of point are strong and weak, and the surface light absorbs distribution in whole region to be measured is obtained with this.
In practical application, using pulse laser scanning of a surface hurt position and neighbouring region, photoacoustic signal is produced
And complex array ultrasonic probe synchronous acquisition is utilized, it is uploaded in computer, determines the space distribution information of rail shallow-layer hurt
And type.
S13, the ultrasound echo signal for obtaining rail shallow-layer hurt position region and the region of deeper inside, and according to
The ultrasound echo signal, determine the space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of rail deep layer hurt；
In practical application, scanned using complex array ultrasonic probe near shallow-layer hurt position and the region of deeper inside,
Receive ultrasound echo signal and be uploaded in computer and handled, determine the spatial distribution and type of rail deep layer hurt.
S14, according to the space distribution information and surface hurt type of Rail Surface hurt, the space point of rail shallow-layer hurt
The space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of cloth information and shallow-layer hurt type and rail deep layer hurt, enter to the rail to be measured
Row three-dimensional reconstruction.
The multi-modal signal detecting method for the steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, overcomes existing non-destructive testing technology
The problem of and detection efficiency limited to detection range present in rail surface defects detection technique is relatively low, effectively increases detection
As a result precision and efficiency, more directly perceived vivider the defects of rail is present can be showed.
The processing logic of the multi-modal signal detecting method for the steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, as shown in Fig. 2 bag
Include signal acquisition, signal sampling, computer disposal, determine defect information and information fusion, establish the steps such as threedimensional model, have
Body is as follows：
Step 1: obtaining the optical signalling of high ferro Rail Surface using CCD camera, it is uploaded to computer and is handled, really
Determine the space distribution informations such as the position of Rail Surface hurt, size, bearing of trend, and the type of surface hurt；
Step 2: using pulse laser scanning of a surface hurt position and neighbouring region, photoacoustic signal and profit are produced
With complex array ultrasonic probe synchronous acquisition, it is uploaded in computer, determines the space distribution information and class of rail shallow-layer hurt
Type；
Step 3: being scanned using complex array ultrasonic probe near shallow-layer hurt position and the region of deeper inside, receive
Ultrasound echo signal and being uploaded in computer is handled, and determines the spatial distribution and type of rail deep layer hurt；
Step 4: according to the hurt space distribution information of Rail Surface, shallow-layer and deep layer, carry out defect spatial distribution and repair
Just, according to the hurt type of Rail Surface, shallow-layer and deep layer, defect type amendment, fusion optics, optoacoustic and the inspection of ultrasound are carried out
Data are surveyed, three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to rail and hurt.
Fig. 3 is the pickup area schematic diagram of three kinds of mode signals of high ferro rail that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, the embodiment of the present invention realizes the comprehensive detection to Rail Surface, shallow-layer and deep zone defect, expands detection range；
The optics, optoacoustic and the signal of ultrasonic three kinds of mode that high ferro rail is merged on computer are handled, and foundation detects rail
Threedimensional model, effectively increase the precision and efficiency of testing result, can vivider showing more directly perceived asked existing for the rail
Topic, so as to be more conducive to formulate the maintenance scheme in later stage, device strong adaptability, have a wide range of application.
Below by taking the detection of high ferro rail surface defects as an example, to the steel based on photoacoustic signal of proposition of the embodiment of the present invention
Track surface defect inspection method is specifically described.
The high ferro rail optical signalling that CCD camera collects, as shown in figure 4, the optical signalling is by computer disposal, respectively
The form and distributed constant of surface defect, as shown in table 1.Size, position and the angle of inclination for obtaining each surface defect are detected
Obtain, and reach enough precision.Left and right respectively takes certain surplus on the basis of surface defect positions detected value, obtains laser and exists
Scanning range on rail (surface), as shown in Figure 5.Pulse laser contains according to the photoacoustic signal packet obtained after scanning rail
The information of three dimensions (length, width and depth), as shown in Figure 6.The data of different depth are taken to photoacoustic signal, can be obtained
The rail defects and failures information of different depth, photoacoustic image visually presents crackle under rail shallow-layer different depth and lacked the defects of Fig. 7
Fall into form.According to same processing method, the rail internal ultrasonic signal collected is handled, obtained such as Fig. 8-13 institutes
The ultrasonoscopy for the defects of crackle shown is under different depth.Using the spatial distribution of steel rail defect as index, fusion surface, shallow-layer
And the defects of inside information, obtain the complete information of steel rail defect spatial shape.
The form of the surface defect of table 1 and distributed constant table
Figure 14 shows that a kind of structure of the multi-modal signal supervisory instrument for steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes is shown
It is intended to；
Reference picture 14, the multi-modal signal supervisory instrument for the steel rail defect that the embodiment of the present invention proposes specifically include：
It is light source 1, CCD camera 2, optical fiber 4, focus lamp 5, complex array ultrasonic probe 6, beam expanding lens 7, pulse laser 8, more
Channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9 and computer 10；The light source 1, CCD camera 2, pulse laser 8, complex array ultrasonic probe 6
The control terminal with the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9 is connected respectively, the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9 and the computer
10 are connected；
The light source 1, for irradiating rail 3 to be measured；
The CCD camera 2, the optical signalling in the surface region to be measured for gathering rail 3 to be measured, and the light that will be collected
Learn signal and be transferred to the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9；
The pulse laser 8, for producing the pulse laser being scanned to the region to be measured of Rail Surface, the arteries and veins
After the beam expanding lens 7 and focus lamp 5 are expanded and focused on, rail is irradiated to coupled to the optical fiber 4 successively for impulse light
The region to be measured on surface, to produce photoacoustic signal；
The complex array ultrasonic probe 6, immerse in coupling liquid, the optoacoustic letter in the region to be measured for gathering Rail Surface
Number, and the ultrasound echo signal of the region deeper inside, and the photoacoustic signal collected and ultrasound echo signal are transferred to institute
State multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9；
The multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9 is located in advance to the optical signalling, photoacoustic signal and ultrasound echo signal
The computer 10 is uploaded to after reason；
The computer 10 determines Rail Surface according to the optical signalling, photoacoustic signal and ultrasound echo signal that receive
Space distribution information and surface hurt type, the space distribution information of rail shallow-layer hurt and shallow-layer hurt type of hurt, with
And the space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of rail deep layer hurt, and three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to the rail to be measured.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the rail 3 to be measured and complex array ultrasonic probe 6 are immersed in coupling liquid.
In the embodiment of the present invention, multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit controls light-source brightness and illumination angle according to actual working environment
Degree, while control CCD camera to be allowed to obtain the high ferro Rail Surface optical signalling of high s/n ratio.Multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit control
Pulse laser processed launches laser pulse, is irradiated to after being handled by laser machining device on rail.Complex array ultrasonic probe
It is placed near laser irradiation spot, is controlled through multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit to rail and launch ultrasonic signal, and receive ultrasound
And photoacoustic signal.Optics, optoacoustic and ultrasonic three kinds of signals are transferred to computer after the processing of multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit, count
Calculation machine is further processed and merged to the signal of three kinds of mode, obtains the surface of high ferro rail, shallow-layer and internal flaw
Space distribution information and type information, and the rail to being detected carries out three-dimensional reconstruction.Overcome existing non-destructive testing technology pair
Detection range present in rail surface defects detection technique is limited and the problem of detection efficiency is relatively low, effectively increases detection knot
The precision and efficiency of fruit, more directly perceived vivider it can show the defects of rail is present.
Further, described device also includes：Servo-motors driving platforms 11；
Servo-motors driving platforms 11, surpass for carrying and fixing light source 1, CCD camera 2, optical fiber 4 and the complex array
Sonic probe 6, and under the control of the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9, to the light source 1, CCD camera 2, optical fiber 4 and polynary
Array ultrasonic probe 6 carries out position control.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, servo-motors driving platforms 11 and light source 1, CCD camera 2, optical fiber 4 and polynary
Array ultrasonic probe 6 mechanically connects.Servo-motors driving platforms 11 can control light source 1 to be translated along X, Y both direction, and edge turns
Axle does -30 ° to 30 ° of rotation, with the optics for ensureing luminous intensity and irradiating angle can make CCD camera 2 collect high s/n ratio
Signal.CCD camera 2, optical fiber 4 and complex array ultrasonic probe 6 can under the control of servo-motors driving platforms 11 along X, Y and
Tri- direction translational motions of Z, so as to collect the optoacoustic of high s/n ratio and ultrasonic signal.
Specifically, the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit 9, including：Governor circuit 91, TGC amplifying circuits 92, pre-filtering electricity
Road 93, A/D sample circuits 94, data acquisition circuit 95 and data transmission circuit 96；
The TGC amplifying circuits 92, pre-flock wave circuit 93, A/D sample circuits 94, data acquisition circuit 95 and data transfer
Circuit 96 is electrically connected successively, and the governor circuit 91 is electric with TGC amplifying circuits 92, A/D sample circuits 94, data acquisition respectively
Road 95 and data transmission circuit 96 are electrically connected；
The TGC amplifying circuits 92, pre-flock wave circuit 93 and A/D sample circuits 94 are visited to complex array ultrasound successively
The photoacoustic signals of first 6 collection are amplified, filtered and AD conversion, and the analog signal after AD conversion is sampled, and obtain institute
The analog sampling signal of photoacoustic signal is stated, by the data acquisition circuit 95 and data transmission circuit 96 by the analog sampling
Signal is uploaded to the computer 10.
Wherein, the data acquisition circuit is the data acquisition circuit based on field programmable gate array FPGA chip.Institute
Stating data transmission circuit is specially：USB data transmission circuit.
In the embodiment of the present invention, P2-22-06K40 line scanning phase of the CCD camera from DALSA Piranha26k series
Machine.
Pulse laser 8 is from Q-Switched Nd:YAG pulse lasers, pulse caused by the pulse laser swash
Light, energy density 10mJ, wavelength 532nm, pulse width 6ns, repetition rate are 15Hz.
Complex array ultrasonic probe 6 is popped one's head in a width of 5~10MHz, between array element from the broadband linear array probe of 128 array elements
Away from for 0.3mm.
TGC amplifying circuits 92 use the AD8332 of ADI companies；The TI that A/D converter in A/D sample circuits 94 uses is public
The ADS5270 of department；FPGA selects the EP2C35F672 of ALTERA companies in data acquisition circuit 95；In data transmission circuit 96
USB chips select the EZ-USB FX2LP of Cypress companies.
The multi-modal signal supervisory instrument of steel rail defect provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can successfully it realize to rail table
The detection in face, the spatial distribution of shallow-layer and internal flaw and type.Device is adopted using DALSA P2-22-06K40 line scan cameras
Collect the optical signalling of high ferro Rail Surface；Energy density is used as 10mJ, wavelength is that 532nm pulse laser excites rail shallow-layer
Photoacoustic signal；Using the broadband linear array probe collection photoacoustic signal and ultrasonic signal of 128 array elements.Three kinds of mode signals are calculating
Focused in machine, obtain comprehensive high ferro steel rail defect information.Compared with existing detection method, the system uses optics,
The signal of three kinds of mode of optoacoustic and ultrasound carries out the detection of high ferro rail defects and failures, can more thoroughly detect high ferro rail and lack
Fall into；And the characteristics of almost all originating from surface for steel rail defect and inwardly developing, gather high ferro steel first by CCD camera
The optical signalling of track surface reduces scanning scope, so as to substantially increase detection efficiency to determine the distribution of rail defects and failures；Finally
Establish and detect the threedimensional model of rail, can more it is directly perceived it is vivider show the problem of rail is present, so as to more conducively system
Determine the maintenance scheme in later stage.
The present invention operation principle be：Governor circuit sends pulse signal to light source and CCD camera, gathers Rail Surface
Optical signalling, and governor circuit is uploaded to, optical signalling is sent to TGC amplifiers again and carries out signal amplification by governor circuit, so
Noise is filtered out by preset filter circuit afterwards, after A/D is changed and is sampled, is transmitted to computer and carried out by data transmission circuit
Processing.
After computer determines surface defect positions using optical signalling, pass through the main control platform of multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit
Launch excitation pulse signal to pulse laser, and control servo-motors driving platforms to change optical fiber and complex array ultrasonic probe
Position, excite the photoacoustic signal of fault location, while excited from governor circuit to complex array ultrasonic probe transmitting pulse collection
Rail shallow-layer photoacoustic signal, photoacoustic signal is conveyed directly to TGC amplifiers, then according to the transmitting procedure of above-mentioned optical signalling
It is uploaded to computer.
Computer disposal photoacoustic signal obtains the spatial distribution and type information of rail superficial defects, and according to spatial distribution
Information sends to main control platform and instructed, and main control platform controls complex array ultrasonic probe to change position by servo-motors driving platforms
Put, then to rail internal emission ultrasonic wave, and receives echo-signal, the rail internal ultrasonic signal collected are believed according to optoacoustic
Number propagate path be uploaded to computer.So far, the signal of three kinds of mode is all uploaded to computer and is handled and merged,
Obtain more detailed steel rail defect information.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, about the common of technical field
Technical staff, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, it can also make a variety of changes and modification, thus it is all
Equivalent technical scheme falls within scope of the invention, and scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. the multi-modal signal detecting method of a kind of steel rail defect, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
Step 1, the optical signalling in the surface region to be measured of rail to be measured is obtained, and according to the optical signalling, determines rail table
The space distribution information and surface hurt type of face hurt；
Step 2, the photoacoustic signal in Rail Surface hurt position region is obtained, and according to the photoacoustic signal, determines rail
The space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt type of shallow-layer hurt；
Step 3, the ultrasound echo signal in rail shallow-layer hurt position region and the region of deeper inside is obtained, and according to institute
Ultrasound echo signal is stated, determines the space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of rail deep layer hurt；
Step 4, according to the space distribution information of Rail Surface hurt and surface hurt type, the spatial distribution of rail shallow-layer hurt
The space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of information and shallow-layer hurt type and rail deep layer hurt, the rail to be measured is carried out
Three-dimensional reconstruction.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the light for obtaining Rail Surface hurt position region
Acoustical signal, and according to the photoacoustic signal, determine the space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt type of rail shallow-layer hurt, specifically wrap
Include：
The generation photoacoustic signal in Rail Surface hurt position region is obtained, image reconstruction is carried out according to the photoacoustic signal,
Obtain photoacoustic image；
The photoacoustic image is handled and analyzed, determines the space distribution information and shallow-layer hurt class of rail shallow-layer hurt
Type.
3. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that the space distribution information of the Rail Surface hurt, including：
The position of Rail Surface hurt, size, bearing of trend.
4. a kind of multi-modal signal supervisory instrument of steel rail defect according to any methods described of claims 1 to 3, its feature exist
In described device includes：Light source, CCD camera, optical fiber, focus lamp, complex array ultrasonic probe, pulse laser, beam expanding lens,
Multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit and computer；The light source, CCD camera, pulse laser, complex array ultrasonic probe respectively with
The control terminal of the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit is connected, and the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit is connected with the computer；
The light source, for irradiating rail to be measured；
The CCD camera, the optical signalling in the surface region to be measured for gathering rail to be measured, and the optical signalling that will be collected
It is transferred to the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit；
The pulse laser, for producing the pulse laser being scanned to the region to be measured of Rail Surface, the pulse swashs
Light fiber-optic illuminated is treated coupled to described to Rail Surface successively after the beam expanding lens and focus lamp are expanded and focused on
Region is surveyed, to produce photoacoustic signal；
The complex array ultrasonic probe, the photoacoustic signal in the region to be measured for gathering Rail Surface, and the region are deeper
The ultrasound echo signal at place, and the photoacoustic signal collected and ultrasound echo signal are transferred to the multi-channel parallel and gather electricity
Road；
The multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit optical signalling, photoacoustic signal and ultrasound echo signal are pre-processed after on
Reach the computer；
The computer determines Rail Surface hurt according to the optical signalling, photoacoustic signal and ultrasound echo signal that receive
Space distribution information and surface hurt type, the space distribution information of rail shallow-layer hurt and shallow-layer hurt type, and rail
The space distribution information and deep layer hurt type of deep layer hurt, and three-dimensional reconstruction is carried out to the rail to be measured.
5. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described device also includes：
Servo-motors driving platforms, for carrying and fixing light source, CCD camera, optical fiber and the complex array ultrasonic probe, and
Under the control of the multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit, the light source, CCD camera, optical fiber and complex array ultrasonic probe are entered
Line position puts control.
6. device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that pulse laser caused by the pulse laser, its wavelength
For 532nm, pulse width 6nm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510541891.6A CN105092705B (en) | 2015-08-28 | 2015-08-28 | The multi-modal signal detecting method and device of a kind of steel rail defect |
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| CN106290379A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Rail surface defects based on Surface scan camera detection device and method |
| CN106994984B (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2023-09-01 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Laser acousto-magnetic steel rail surface defect rapid flaw detection system and method |
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| CN109342446A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-15 | 湖南长建科技有限公司 | A kind of steel structure girder cosmetic bug detection instrument and method |
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| CN110542723B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-04-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Guided wave signal sparse decomposition and damage positioning-based two-stage damage position identification method |
| CN110763766B (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-03-08 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Laser ultrasonic phase-locking detection system and method for turbine blade surface microdefects |
| CN111678948B (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2022-07-19 | 四川大学 | High-speed nondestructive detection method for surface defects of steel rail and implementation device thereof |
| CN112540087A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-23 | 株洲时代电子技术有限公司 | Comprehensive rail detection and diagnosis method |
| CN113450324B (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2024-07-02 | 北京世纪东方智汇科技股份有限公司 | Rail internal defect length analysis method and system |
| CN113484328B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2022-08-26 | 湖南铁路科技职业技术学院 | Novel steel rail flaw detector combining machine vision with ultrasonic technology |
| CN114034704A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-02-11 | 武汉科技大学 | Waste roller three-dimensional detection device and method based on multi-source data fusion |
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