A kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods
Technical field
The present invention relates to machining technology field, especially a kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods.
Background technology
Modifier treatment refer to metal object object under normal temperature state, its hardness is not high, when work pieces process is carried out, easily
Deformation, and then by using specific process, the texture of metal objects is changed, and then change crystal knot
Structure, will not deform when improving the hardness and plasticity of metal objects, and then ensuring that metal works are processed, and improve metal works
Rough surface process efficiency and reduces cost.Therefore, in existing mechanical manufacturing technology, generally all can be to processing
Workpiece carries out modifier treatment, so that the hardness of workpiece disclosure satisfy that rough machined requirement, it is ensured that the dimensionally stable of workpiece.
For the modifier treatment technology of general workpiece, typically by case stove high temperature normalizing after, with case stove be tempered, its case
Body is usually no more than 3m;, it is necessary to when carrying out modifier treatment for long axis workpiece more long, it is necessary to transform the length of case stove
Degree, the specification of adjusting tank stove, so that the quenched cost of long axis workpiece is greatly improved, conditioning period extension, therefore,
Bigger difficulty is also faced, it is necessary to make new grinding to this for the quenched of long axis workpiece (long axis workpiece more than 3m) at present
Study carefully and thinking.
In the prior art, for the process-intensive of modifier treatment, realized using quenching-tempering step, such as
Patent No. CN201210049937.9's《Stainless steel heat-resistant steel forgings heat treatment method》Disclose a kind of suitable for 600MW vapour
The heat treatment process of the high-temperature component Nozzle reinforcing ring of turbine, heat resisting steel forging Steel material is resistance to for the stainless steel of 2Cr11MoVNbN
Hot steel forgings heat treatment method, only increases by one annealing steps specifically before modifier treatment, in the annealing steps, will be stainless
The heat-resisting steel forgings of steel are heated to 900-940 DEG C and are incubated 7-9 hours with the speed of 30-80 DEG C/h, and then furnace cooling is arrived
Come out of the stove after 450-550 DEG C air cooling;The modifier treatment includes quenching process and drawing process;The quenching process is as follows:Will not
The rust heat-resisting steel forgings of steel enter stove with the temperature less than or equal to 450 DEG C;650-700 are heated to the speed of 100-150 DEG C/h
DEG C and be incubated 2.5-3.5 hours;1080-1100 DEG C are heated to the speed of 100-150 DEG C/h and be incubated 5.5-7 hours;
Oil cooling;The drawing process is as follows:Stainless steel heat-resistant steel forgings are entered into stove with the temperature less than or equal to 250 DEG C;With 80-120
DEG C/speed of h is heated to 320-380 DEG C and is incubated 2.5-3.5 hours;650 are heated to the speed of 80-120 DEG C/h-
660 DEG C and be incubated 8-10 hours;Air cooling;And carry out 2 tempering steps again after modifier treatment;Improve refractory stainless steel
The original structure crystal grain thinning degree of forging, during quenched, by process curve control, is ensureing the condition of product strength
Under, grain size control at 2-4 grades, improve workpiece high temperature endurance performance;Patent No. CN201110441320.7's《Using
The method that 20CrMo carburizing steel makes motorcycle-gear》A kind of modifier treatment is disclosed to comprise the following steps:1) quench:By workpiece
It is heated to 920 ± 5 DEG C, and quenches after being incubated 90 minutes;2) it is tempered:By the workpiece heat after quenching to 690 ± 10 DEG C, and it is incubated
After 150 minutes, the quenched step of workpiece of water-cooled improves the processing characteristics of workpiece;Patent No. CN201110100713.1's
《The processing method of twisted guide rail》Disclosing a kind of workpiece process has modifier treatment operation;And other prior arts,
Temperature variations are disclosed during quenched to workpiece, simplification not from hardening and tempering process, the cost of hardening and tempering process
Start with and studied so that current pair complicated with more long, more complicated workpiece hardening and tempering process, quenched relatively costly.
Therefore, the present invention starts with from the complicated angle with quenched cost of hardening and tempering process, by long-term exploration and research,
For long axis workpiece, quenched processing technology provides a kind of practicable technical scheme on the spot.
The content of the invention
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of process is simple, to change case convenient, with low cost, and can make
Work pieces process performance obtains the long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods of larger raising.
It is specific technical scheme is that:
A kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods, comprise the following steps:
(1) ditching:Before modifier treatment is carried out, one piece of level land of free time first is selected in quenched factory, and one is dug toward underground
The trench of 20~30dm wide;
(2) brick is put:The laterally disposed refractory brick on trench again, and in the placed longitudinally fire resisting in trench two ends refractory brick termination
Brick, forms it into H type trench stoves;
(3) lump coal is spread:Thickness is first spread on the refractory brick surface on trench and be the lump coal of 15~20cm, then put need again
Quenched long axis workpiece is wanted, then the lump coal that thickness is 20~25cm is all around put in workpiece;
(4) firing up:After ignition coal cinder, using blower fan, from trench two ends, blowing helps oxygen, makes coal cinder homogenous combustion,
And after refining temperature is heated to 800 DEG C with the speed of 160~200 DEG C/h, after being incubated 5~6 hours;Make again refining temperature with
After the speed of 160~200 DEG C/h is heated to 1000 DEG C, 2h is incubated;Blower fan is removed, and is made along on H type trench bells with coal ash
Workpiece naturally cools to normal temperature with H type trench stoves, takes out processing.
Further, a width of 22-28dm of described trench.
Preferably, a width of 25dm of described trench.
Further, the spacing of refractory brick laterally disposed on described trench is 2~4cm.
Further, the spacing of described placed longitudinally refractory brick is 1~2cm.
Preferably, described step 3) in refractory brick upper berth lump coal thickness be 18cm.
Preferably, described step 3) in workpiece all around put lump coal thickness be 23cm.
Further, described step 4) in the blower fan that uses be the air blower of blast 30kpa~200kpa.
Preferably, described step 4) in, after igniting, after refining temperature is heated to 800 DEG C with the speed of 180 DEG C/h, protect
Temperature is after 5.5 hours;After refining temperature is heated to 1000 DEG C with the speed of 180 DEG C/h again, 2h is incubated.
Preferably, the thickness of the described coal ash covered on H type trench stoves is to fill up trench.
Preferable selection of land, the thickness of the coal ash covered on H type trench stoves is 20~30cm, reaches the effect of stabilization cooling
Really.
Compared with prior art, technique effect of the invention is embodied in:
1. by during quenched, using making case on the spot, and its technological parameter is adjusted, the hardening and tempering method for enabling is fitted
Answer the quenched of below 3m workpiece, it is also possible in least cost, the tune of the endoadaptation 3m above workpiece of most short plant produced time
Matter, and then workpiece modifier treatment cost is reduced, modifier treatment technique is simplified, shorten factory's conditioning period.
2. by the parameter to quenched process be adjusted with control, can optimum state meet this method plus
Work technique, the optimum performance of the quenched result of lifting workpieces improves the texture of metal, its intensity and plasticity is obtained larger
Raising, it is to avoid workpiece process yielding defect.
3. by making case, and adjusting process parameter on the spot, quenched demand is met to greatest extent, and then instead of traditional
Case stove hardening and tempering process equipment, and then 300,000 yuan of work pieces process factory or so of equipment investment is avoided, save workpiece quenched
Cost, with significant economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is further limited with reference to specific embodiment, but claimed
Scope is not only limited to description.
Embodiment 1
A kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods, comprise the following steps:
(1) ditching:Before modifier treatment is carried out, one piece of level land of free time first is selected in quenched factory, and one is dug toward underground
The trench of 20dm wide;
(2) brick is put:The laterally disposed refractory brick on trench again, and in the placed longitudinally fire resisting in trench two ends refractory brick termination
Brick, forms it into H type trench stoves;The spacing of laterally disposed refractory brick is 2cm, and the spacing of placed longitudinally refractory brick is 1cm;
(3) lump coal is spread:First spread on the refractory brick surface on trench again thickness be 15cm lump coal, then put need adjust
The long axis workpiece of matter, then all around put the lump coal that thickness is 20cm in workpiece;
(4) firing up:After ignition coal cinder, from trench two ends, blowing helps oxygen for the air blower of 30kpa to use blast,
Make coal cinder homogenous combustion, and after refining temperature is heated to 800 DEG C with the speed of 160 DEG C/h, after insulation 5 hours;Make again quenched
After temperature is heated to 1000 DEG C with the speed of 160 DEG C/h, 2h is incubated;Remove blower fan, and with coal ash along on H type trench bells,
Its thickness is 20cm, workpiece is naturally cooled to normal temperature with H type trench stoves, takes out processing.
By rockwell hardness testing, its hardness is HRc28.
Embodiment 2
A kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods, comprise the following steps:
(1) ditching:Before modifier treatment is carried out, one piece of level land of free time first is selected in quenched factory, and one is dug toward underground
The trench of 30dm wide;
(2) brick is put:The laterally disposed refractory brick on trench again, and in the placed longitudinally fire resisting in trench two ends refractory brick termination
Brick, forms it into H type trench stoves;The spacing of laterally disposed refractory brick is 4cm, and the spacing of placed longitudinally refractory brick is 2cm;
(3) lump coal is spread:First spread on the refractory brick surface on trench again thickness be 20cm lump coal, then put need adjust
The long axis workpiece of matter, then all around put the lump coal that thickness is 25cm in workpiece;
(4) firing up:After ignition coal cinder, from trench two ends, blowing is helped for the air blower of 200kpa to use blast
Oxygen, makes coal cinder homogenous combustion, and after refining temperature is heated to 800 DEG C with the speed of 200 DEG C/h, after insulation 6 hours;Make tune again
After matter temperature is heated to 1000 DEG C with the speed of 200 DEG C/h, 2h is incubated;Blower fan is removed, and with coal ash along H type trench bells
On, the thickness that coal ash is covered is 30cm, workpiece is naturally cooled to normal temperature with H type trench stoves, takes out processing.
By rockwell hardness testing, its hardness is HRc31.
Embodiment 3
A kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods, comprise the following steps:
(1) ditching:Before modifier treatment is carried out, one piece of level land of free time first is selected in quenched factory, and one is dug toward underground
The trench of 25dm wide;
(2) brick is put:The laterally disposed refractory brick on trench again, and in the placed longitudinally fire resisting in trench two ends refractory brick termination
Brick, forms it into H type trench stoves;The spacing of laterally disposed refractory brick is 3cm, and the spacing of placed longitudinally refractory brick is 1.5cm;
(3) lump coal is spread:First spread on the refractory brick surface on trench again thickness be 18cm lump coal, then put need adjust
The long axis workpiece of matter, then all around put the lump coal that thickness is 23cm in workpiece;
(4) firing up:After ignition coal cinder, from trench two ends, blowing is helped for the air blower of 115kpa to use blast
Oxygen, makes coal cinder homogenous combustion, and after refining temperature is heated to 800 DEG C with the speed of 180 DEG C/h, after insulation 5.5 hours;Make again
After refining temperature is heated to 1000 DEG C with the speed of 180 DEG C/h, 2h is incubated;Blower fan is removed, and with coal ash along H type trench bells
On, coal ash thickness is 25cm, workpiece is naturally cooled to normal temperature with H type trench stoves, takes out processing.
By rockwell hardness testing, its hardness is HRc29.
Embodiment 4
A kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods, comprise the following steps:
(1) ditching:Before modifier treatment is carried out, one piece of level land of free time first is selected in quenched factory, and one is dug toward underground
The trench of 22dm wide;
(2) brick is put:The laterally disposed refractory brick on trench again, and in the placed longitudinally fire resisting in trench two ends refractory brick termination
Brick, forms it into H type trench stoves;The spacing of laterally disposed refractory brick is 3.5cm, and the spacing of placed longitudinally refractory brick is 1.8cm;
(3) lump coal is spread:First spread on the refractory brick surface on trench again thickness be 19cm lump coal, then put need adjust
The long axis workpiece of matter, then all around put the lump coal that thickness is 24cm in workpiece;
(4) firing up:After ignition coal cinder, from trench two ends, blowing helps oxygen for the air blower of 60kpa to use blast,
Make coal cinder homogenous combustion, and after refining temperature is heated to 800 DEG C with the speed of 190 DEG C/h, after insulation 5.2 hours;Make tune again
After matter temperature is heated to 1000 DEG C with the speed of 190 DEG C/h, 2h is incubated;Blower fan is removed, and with coal ash along H type trench bells
On, coal ash fills up H type trench stoves, workpiece is naturally cooled to normal temperature with H type trench stoves, takes out processing.
Detected by Rockwell hardness, its hardness is HRc32.
Embodiment 5
A kind of long axis workpiece H type hardening and tempering methods, including the step of, on the basis of embodiment 4, its technical characteristic ginseng
Number situation of change is as shown in table 1 below, and other steps are with embodiment 4:
|
Embodiment 5 |
Embodiment 6 |
Embodiment 7 |
Embodiment 8 |
Ground furrow width (dm) |
22 |
24 |
26 |
29 |
Horizontal refractory brick spacing (cm) |
2.2 |
2.6 |
3.2 |
3.8 |
Longitudinal refractory brick spacing (cm) |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
Coal cinder thickness (cm) on refractory brick |
16 |
18 |
17 |
19 |
Workpiece all around lump coal thickness (cm) |
21 |
23 |
24 |
22 |
Air blower blast (kpa) |
90 |
150 |
170 |
190 |
Refining temperature first time programming rate (DEG C/h) |
165 |
175 |
185 |
195 |
Second programming rate of refining temperature (DEG C/h) |
185 |
165 |
195 |
175 |
Soaking time (h) after quenched intensification for the first time |
5.1 |
5.3 |
5.7 |
5.9 |
Coal ash cladding thickness (cm) |
21 |
23 |
27 |
29 |
Test example:The workpiece quenched to the method for embodiment 1-5 it is quenched after testing performance index, and and prior art
Document Patent No. CN201210049937.9's《Stainless steel heat-resistant steel forgings heat treatment method》The workpiece of making is contrasted,
Its result is as shown in table 1 below:
By table 1, it is apparent that workpiece hardening and tempering method of the invention, can significantly improve the quality of workpiece with
Quality, strengthens the hardness and grain size of workpiece, extends high temperature resistant duration, more excellent than traditional modifier treatment technology.
Meanwhile, by process conditions between process compared with, the present invention substantially compare CN201210049937.9
Process it is relatively simple, during quenched processing length shaft member more long, can rapidly carry out the adjustment of process, reduce
Cost during traditional quenched case lengthening, reduces labour intensity;Avoid that quenched factory bought required for quenched case into
This expense, with significant economic benefit.
Herein it is important to point out that:Above example is only limitted to be further elaborated technical scheme,
The limitation to protection scope of the present invention is not to be construed as, those skilled in the art on the basis of of the invention, makes non-
The technical scheme of substantial improvements is protection category of the invention.