CN105083373B - A kind of steering-by-wire road feel device and its control method based on parameter Estimation - Google Patents

A kind of steering-by-wire road feel device and its control method based on parameter Estimation Download PDF

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CN105083373B
CN105083373B CN201510329873.1A CN201510329873A CN105083373B CN 105083373 B CN105083373 B CN 105083373B CN 201510329873 A CN201510329873 A CN 201510329873A CN 105083373 B CN105083373 B CN 105083373B
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steering
estimation
module
road feel
wheel
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CN105083373A (en
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赵万忠
谷霄月
王春燕
孙祖铭
周栋
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Zhejiang Wanda Automobile Steering Machine Co Ltd
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Zhejiang Wanda Steering Gear Co Ltd
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of steering-by-wire road feel device and its control method based on parameter Estimation, including steering wheel, rotary angle transmitter, torque sensor, steering column, road feel motor and road feel controller for being connected with steering wheel etc., including a set of clutch, detect that current state goes wrong by controller, standby motor steering pattern is switched to by controlling clutch;The planing method measures signal by sensor, current vehicle condition variable is obtained by Kalman Filter Estimation, the motor turning moment of resistance is calculated, and steering response is compensated and corrected by speed, variable ratio and side acceleration, obtains current preferably hand-wheel torque value.The present invention can be by installing clutch, switching working mode additional, it is ensured that still ensures that normal turning function when line traffic control pattern breaks down, there is provided reliable road feel;Meanwhile under normally travel operating mode, driver can be caused to obtain good information of road surface, improve the maneuverability and comfortableness of automobile.

Description

A kind of steering-by-wire road feel device and its control method based on parameter Estimation
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile steering-by-wire field, and in particular to a kind of steering-by-wire road feel device based on parameter Estimation And its control method.
Background technology
Steering-by-wire (steer-by-wire abbreviation SBW) represents the developing direction of following Power Steering of Car.The system takes The mechanical connection to have disappeared between steering wheel and deflecting roller, signal is passed to by electronic control unit (Electronic by wire Control Unit, ECU), then instruction control is sent by ECU and turns to the control command for performing assembly and completing driver, realization is driven The driving intention for the person of sailing.SBW systems eliminate the mechanical connection between steering wheel and steered wheel, by motor-driven steering system Steering wheel moment of resistance when controlling the divertical motion of automobile, while turning to also is produced by motor simulation.SBW systems are completely free of Conventional steering system mechanics connection limitation, in theory can free design vehicle steering angle transmission characteristic and power transmission Characteristic, wide space is brought for the design of motor turning characteristic, has a wide range of applications market and development prospect.
Due to the limitation in steering without mechanical connection, steering wheel can be by portions such as control stick, button and switches Part replaces, and makes steering operation easier and flexible, but this is also required to driver and changes driving habit.In order that drive more It is comfortable flexible, just introduce the planning of road feel.Road feel refers to that driver in vehicle traveling process is obtained by steering wheel feedback Steering resisting moment, this torque contain motion and the stress information of vehicle and tire, and motor racing is grasped to driver State and running environment situation play the role of important.Good road feel is to ensure the indispensable part of vehicle handling stability. In SBW systems, the road feel for feeding back to driver is generated by the road feel motor simulation in ECU control direction disc assemblies.Cause This, design road feel can extract the running car for being best able to reflect true road feel when simulating control strategy from the various signals of automobile State and road surface attachment condition etc. provide good road feel for driver as road feel simulation control variable.
For the road feel problem of wire-controlled steering system as one of its key technology, many Automobile Enterprises both domestic and external, scientific research are high The experimental results that school is carried out are substantially meeting assurance degree of the driver to steering to a certain degree, but respectively have excellent Shortcoming, it not only needs point-device steering model and powerful controller, and the research valency of some methods Lattice costliness requires higher to the accuracy and price of sensor, have impact on cycle and the cost of exploitation to a certain extent, this It is one of key issue for influenceing wire-controlled steering system development and application.In addition for the various operating modes and row of wire-controlled steering system Comprehensive research should all be had by sailing state, such as the steering wheel centre position to wire-controlled steering system, guarantor's rudder and returnability should There are a comprehensive analysis and research, specializing in this respect is less, and we still need to be continually improved and improved with as early as possible Adapt to the road feel requirement of conventional steering system.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of line based on parameter Estimation Steering response device and its control method are controlled, by parameter Estimation, side force and side drift angle are obtained using the method for filtering estimation Size, the size of aligning torque is calculated, compensates design on this basis, solves problem of the prior art.
Technical scheme:To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of line traffic control based on parameter Estimation Steering response device, including steering wheel and wheel, it is characterised in that including the sensor group being connected with steering wheel, and motor Group, controller and steering structure;
The group of motors includes road feel motor and steering motor, and the sensor group is sequentially connected road feel motor, clutch And steering motor;Sensor group includes torque sensor and rotary angle transmitter;
Turn to and realized by controller controlled motor group, steering wheel torque controls road feel motor to produce by controller, passes through control Device control clutch control steering motor connection processed;The steering structure of the steering motor connection front-wheel;
Including the standby group of motors controlled by road feel controller, the standby group of motors connects front-wheel steer by clutch Structure;Group of motors or the standby electricity unit operation under working condition.
A kind of steering-by-wire road feel apparatus control method based on parameter Estimation:It is characterised in that it includes sensor group, is passed Sensor group includes angular speed of wheel sensor, lateral acceleration sensor and force snesor;
The information of collection is sent into vehicle-state by the sensor group collection vehicle information, the lateral acceleration sensor Estimation module, is estimated information of vehicles using Kalman Filter Estimation method, and estimated information is respectively fed into fit correlation Processing module, slip rate computing module and side force estimation module;The angular speed of wheel sensor will gather information and be sent into cunning Shifting rate computing module;Information is sent into side force estimation module by the force snesor;
Radius of wheel fitting module, due to the relating to parameters such as wheel Dynamic Radius and vehicle complete vehicle quality, speed, pass through one A little experimental tests obtain some data, and tire radius are recognized using least square method.
The fit correlation module output end accesses slip rate computing module, the ginseng that vehicle state estimation module is obtained Number, the vertical force of tire that sensor measures and the slip rate feeding side force estimation module being calculated, obtained side force are sent Enter attachment coefficient estimation module and aligning torque computing module;The attachment coefficient that attachment coefficient estimation module is estimated to obtain feeds back to Side force computing module;The output end access steering wheel torque module of aligning torque computing module;
According to vehicle's current condition, calculating is compensated to steering wheel torque, offset is accessed into steering wheel torque module;
This method comprises the following steps:
Collection vehicle running state parameter, the running state parameter include speed, tire rotational speed, side acceleration and tire Vertical load information;
The state parameter is estimated using kalman filter method by vehicle state estimation module, after obtaining estimation Speed parameter, the speed parameter after the estimation includes side velocity and longitudinal velocity;
By the side velocity after estimation and the tire vertical load information, obtained using linear least squares method method real Border tire radius;
The tire radius are transferred to slip rate computing module, after the tire rotational speed obtained with reference to sensor group and estimation Longitudinal velocity, obtain factor to affect of the longitudinal force to side force of tire;
The factor to affect is transferred to side force estimation module, aligning torque information is calculated, the side obtained from Information of road surface is fed back to the disk moment of resistance;
Accelerate by the speed parameter after the estimation, gearratio and laterally to be modified road feel.
Further, including variable ratio control module, the module carry out LQG/LTR feedforwards to automobile yaw velocity and mended Repay to obtain actual variable ratio, ask for compensating torque online.
Beneficial effect:A kind of steering-by-wire road feel device and its control method based on parameter Estimation provided by the invention exist It during Vehicular turn, on the one hand can both ensure the transmission of information of road surface, and ensure that road feel was true, while by being repaiied to road feel Just, ensure that steering response is melted with stability perfection in the downward portability of low speed rotation and the flexibility coordinating and unifying, high speed steering Close;On the other hand, when turning to failure, controlled by ECU, switching turns to mode of operation, has ensured basic steering work( Can, it is reliable and secure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is line traffic control automobile steering system schematic diagram in the present invention
Fig. 2 is that road feel of the present invention plans schematic diagram
Embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a kind of steering-by-wire road feel device based on parameter Estimation, bag Include steering wheel and wheel, it is characterised in that including the sensor group being connected with steering wheel, and group of motors, controller and steering Structure;
The group of motors includes road feel motor and steering motor, and the sensor group is sequentially connected road feel motor, clutch And steering motor;Sensor group includes torque sensor and rotary angle transmitter;
Turn to and realized by controller controlled motor group, steering wheel torque controls road feel motor to produce by controller, passes through control Device control clutch control steering motor connection processed;The steering structure of the steering motor connection front-wheel;
Including the standby group of motors controlled by road feel controller, the standby group of motors connects front-wheel steer by clutch Structure;Group of motors or the standby electricity unit operation under working condition.
A kind of steering-by-wire road feel apparatus control method based on parameter Estimation:It is characterised in that it includes sensor group, is passed Sensor group includes angular speed of wheel sensor, lateral acceleration sensor and force snesor;
The information of collection is sent into vehicle-state by the sensor group collection vehicle information, the lateral acceleration sensor Estimation module, is estimated information of vehicles using Kalman Filter Estimation method, and estimated information is respectively fed into fit correlation Processing module, slip rate computing module and side force estimation module;The angular speed of wheel sensor will gather information and be sent into cunning Shifting rate computing module;Information is sent into side force estimation module by the force snesor;
Radius of wheel fitting module, due to the relating to parameters such as wheel Dynamic Radius and vehicle complete vehicle quality, speed, pass through one A little experimental tests obtain some data, and tire radius are recognized using least square method.
The fit correlation module output end accesses slip rate computing module, the ginseng that vehicle state estimation module is obtained Number, the vertical force of tire that sensor measures and the slip rate feeding side force estimation module being calculated, obtained side force are sent Enter attachment coefficient estimation module and aligning torque computing module;The attachment coefficient that attachment coefficient estimation module is estimated to obtain feeds back to Side force computing module;The output end access steering wheel torque module of aligning torque computing module;
According to vehicle's current condition, calculating is compensated to steering wheel torque, offset is accessed into steering wheel torque module;
This method comprises the following steps:
Collection vehicle running state parameter, the running state parameter include speed, tire rotational speed, side acceleration and tire Vertical load information;
The state parameter is estimated using kalman filter method by vehicle state estimation module, after obtaining estimation Speed parameter, the speed parameter after the estimation includes side velocity and longitudinal velocity;
By the side velocity after estimation and the tire vertical load information, obtained using linear least squares method method real Border tire radius;
The tire radius are transferred to slip rate computing module, after the tire rotational speed obtained with reference to sensor group and estimation Longitudinal velocity, obtain factor to affect of the longitudinal force to side force of tire;
The factor to affect is transferred to side force estimation module, aligning torque information is calculated, the side obtained from Information of road surface is fed back to the disk moment of resistance;
Accelerate by the speed parameter after the estimation, gearratio and laterally to be modified road feel.
Further, including variable ratio control module, the module carry out LQG/LTR feedforwards to automobile yaw velocity and mended Repay to obtain actual variable ratio, ask for compensating torque online.
Power-assisted compensating module is that the road feel of simulation is repaiied according to vehicle condition speed, variable ratio and side acceleration Just.
Present invention also offers one kind when wire-controlled steering system break down in the case of, by ECU detection signals, and control from The working condition of clutch, during failure, standby motor mode is switched to, has ensured basic turning function, it is reliable and secure.
Embodiment:In order to obtain more real road feel, using the method acquisition side force and side drift angle for filtering estimation Size, the size of aligning torque is calculated, then compensates design on its basis, obtain good comfortable road feel.
Specific steps include:
Referring to the drawings shown in 1, the steering of line traffic control automobile by steering wheel (1), road feel motor, ECU, standby motor, turn Formed to motor, clutch (2) (3), standby motor and wheel (4).When ECU receives to report an error, clutch (2) disconnects, clutch Device (3) is started working, and is started standby motor, is ensured basic turning function.
Referring to the drawings 2, specific steps include for road feel planning:
Step 1:The calculating of estimation and aligning torque to vehicle condition parameter.
The side acceleration and front wheel angle that are obtained by sensor are passed into motoring condition estimation module, according to whole Car Three Degree Of Freedom model, automobile yaw velocity, side slip angle and longitudinal speed are estimated.Specific estimating step is such as Under:
Vehicle Three Degree Of Freedom model:
In formula, m is vehicle complete vehicle quality;A, b are respectively distance of the barycenter to antero posterior axis;k1、k2Respectively front and back wheel lateral deviation Rigidity;vxFor longitudinal velocity at barycenter;axFor automobile longitudinal acceleration;β is side slip angle;ω is yaw velocity;Before δ is Take turns corner;IzFor the rotary inertia of vehicle;U is speed.
Measurement equation:
In formula, ayFor automobile side angle acceleration.
TakeY (t)=ay, by model linearization
Filter algorithm for estimating:
Status predication:
State error covariance predictive equation:
P-(t+1)=φ (t) P (t) φ (t)T+Q (8)
Gain equation:
K (t)=P (t)-H(t)T[H(t)P(t)-H(t)T+R]-1 (9)
Measure correction equation:
State error covariance correction equation:
P (t)=(I-K (t) H (t)) P (t)- (11)
Wherein, φ (t)=I+F (t) * Δ t, herein Δ t take 0.005s;Q is the covariance matrix of system incentive noise; R is the covariance matrix for measuring noise.
Afterwards, by the side velocity obtained by state estimator and the tire vertical load information transmission measured by sensor Give tire radius computing module.Due to the relating to parameters such as vehicle wheel roll radius and vehicle complete vehicle quality, speed, can pass through Experimental test obtains some data, and then is fitted
Δ R=KzFz(1-Kvvx) (12)
R=R0+ΔR (13)
In formula, R0Tire radius during for no-load without speed;Δ R is tire relative to R0Variable quantity;KzFor loading effect Factor;KvFor speed influence factor;FzFor vertical load size;
Obtained actual tire radius are passed into slip rate computing module, the tire rotational speed that is measured with reference to sensor and Obtained longitudinal velocity is estimated, so as to obtain the size of slip rate this moment.Slip rate is calculated as follows:
In formula, siRepresent slip rate;ωiFor vehicle wheel rotational speed.According to obtained slip rate, the longitudinal force pair of tire is estimated The factor to affect K of side forceL
Obtained parameter is passed into side force estimation module, according to collection vertical force of tire value, estimates the accurate quiet of tire The lateral force value of state, further according to dynamic lateral power and the lateral force value opening relationships of quasistatic of tire.Specific side force algorithm for estimating It is as follows:
In formula,For quasi-static force;FyFor side force of tire;KLFor factor to affect, obtained by off-line testing.
And quasi-static forceObtained using magic formula:
Wherein:
In formula, αf、αrFor front and back wheel slip angle of tire;μ is coefficient of road adhesion;A, B is constant, can be intended by testing Conjunction obtains.
The side force of tire that acquires will be tested and be sent into road surface attachment estimation module, using currently known each information, Road pavement attachment coefficient is estimated that algorithm is as follows:
By Vehicle dynamics, to tyre slip angle derivation:
The estimation of road pavement attachment coefficient is realized using EKF.
First, systematic parameter and measurement equation are established
In formula, xs(t) it is state variable;xp(t) it is parametric variable, w (t) is process noise, and v (t) is to measure noise.
Parameter prediction:
φpAnd P (t)pIt is covariance matrix.
Gain equation:
Measure update equation:
Error covariance renewal equation:
φp(t)=[I-Kp(t)Hp- p(t) (23)
In formula, Rp、HpAnd HsRespectively measurement noise covariance, measurement output are to the Jacobi of the partial derivative of parametric variable Matrix and measurement export the Jacobian matrix to the partial derivative of state variable.
With reference to equation above, state to be estimated and parameter state are xs(t)=[αfr] and xp(t)=[μfr]。
By above-mentioned calculating, can estimate to obtain accurate coefficient of road adhesion.Obtained real-time road surface is adhered to again Coefficient feedback gives side force estimator, so as to which the now estimation to side force and attachment coefficient all will be corrected and updated.
Obtained coefficient of road adhesion is fed back into side force estimation module, the estimation to side force is more accurately repaiied Positive estimation, repeats this process.
Finally give aligning torque τaSize is:
τa=Fy(tm+tp) (24)
In formula, tmFor pneumatic trail, tpFor mechanical drag, definite value is typically taken as.
Step 2:The amendment design of road feel
(1) according to the speed size obtained by estimation, road feel is modified:
Tp=kp·(T-T0) (25)
Wherein,
In formula, TpAnd TpmaxThe respectively power torque of motor and maximum power torque;T0, T and TmaxRespectively start to help Steering-wheel torque when steering-wheel torque during power, steering-wheel torque and maximum power-assisted;TpFor speed induction coefficient.(2) become and pass The dynamic amendment for comparing road feel:
The change of gearratio, cause to rotate identical steering wheel angle, front wheel angle is different, according to different variable ratios Compensation formula is modified to road feel:
Ti=-ki·T (27)
In formula, TidealFor corresponding preferable driver's hand-power under different speeds;TiTorque is compensated for variable ratio;kiFitting Obtain.
Variable ratio controls:
Non-linear two degrees of freedom whole vehicle model:
In formula, Ff、FrRespectively automobile front and back wheel longitudinal force, FwFor lateral wind, IzFor automobile inertia, IwFor Lateral Wind Distance of the point to barycenter.
(29) formula is rewritten into state space form:
Wherein, x=[ω β];Y=ω;U=[δ].
LQG/LTR control inputs are e=ωr- ω, ωrFor preferable yaw velocity.
The algorithm can be controlled to interference, after obtaining actual yaw velocity value, ask for actual variable ratio size.
(3) amendment of the side acceleration to road feel:
Hand-wheel torque gradient represents:
In formula, ltpFor pneumatic trail;lhpFor pneumatic trail;ikFor variable ratio;K is penalty coefficient.If The driving information that so driver can perceive is too small, and road feel is bad;IfSo driver is moving line or quickly sailed Enter [10] relatively difficult during track.Therefore, in ayHand-wheel torque gradient should be made in the case of >=4g close to 1.5.
The optimal compensation coefficient in high side acceleration is obtained according to (29) formula.
Steering wheel torque is finally given, driver is obtained good road feel.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that:For the ordinary skill people of the art For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of steering-by-wire road feel device based on parameter Estimation, including steering wheel and wheel, it is characterised in that including with side The sensor group connected to disk, and group of motors, controller and steering structure;
The group of motors includes road feel motor and steering motor, and the sensor group is sequentially connected road feel motor, clutch and turned To motor;
Turn to and realized by controller controlled motor group, steering wheel torque controls road feel motor to produce by controller, passes through controller Control the connection of clutch control steering motor;The steering structure of the steering motor connection front-wheel;
Including the standby group of motors controlled by road feel controller, the standby group of motors connects front-wheel steer knot by clutch Structure;Group of motors or the standby electricity unit operation under working condition;
Including sensor group, sensor group includes angular speed of wheel sensor, lateral acceleration sensor and force snesor;
The information of collection is sent into vehicle state estimation by the sensor group collection vehicle information, the lateral acceleration sensor Module, information of vehicles is estimated using Kalman Filter Estimation method, estimated information is respectively fed to fit correlation processing Module, slip rate computing module and side force estimation module;The angular speed of wheel sensor will gather information and be sent into slip rate Computing module;Information is sent into side force estimation module by the force snesor;
Fit correlation processing module, tire radius are recognized using least square method;
The fit correlation processing module output end accesses slip rate computing module, the ginseng that vehicle state estimation module is obtained Number, the vertical force of tire that sensor measures and the slip rate feeding side force estimation module being calculated, obtained side force are sent Enter attachment coefficient estimation module and aligning torque computing module;The attachment coefficient that attachment coefficient estimation module is estimated to obtain feeds back to Side force computing module;The output end access steering wheel torque module of aligning torque computing module;
According to vehicle's current condition, calculating is compensated to steering wheel torque, offset is accessed into steering wheel torque module;
A kind of and control method of the steering-by-wire road feel device based on parameter Estimation:
Collection vehicle running state parameter, it is vertical that the running state parameter includes speed, tire rotational speed, side acceleration and tire Load information;
The state parameter is estimated using kalman filter method by vehicle state estimation module, the car after being estimated Fast parameter, the speed parameter after the estimation include side velocity and longitudinal velocity;
By the side velocity after estimation and the tire vertical load information, actual wheel is obtained using linear least squares method method Tire radius;
The tire radius are transferred to slip rate computing module, the longitudinal direction after the tire rotational speed obtained with reference to sensor group and estimation Speed, obtain factor to affect of the longitudinal force to side force of tire;
The factor to affect is transferred to side force estimation module, aligning torque information is calculated, the steering wheel obtained from The moment of resistance feeds back information of road surface;
Accelerate by the speed parameter after the estimation, gearratio and laterally to be modified road feel.
A kind of 2. steering-by-wire road feel device based on parameter Estimation as claimed in claim 1:Passed it is characterised in that it includes becoming It is dynamic automobile yaw velocity progress LQG/LTR feedforward compensations to be obtained actual than control module, the variable ratio control module Variable ratio, ask for compensating torque online.
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