CN105082854A - High-relief stone inscription cultural relic rubbing relaying technology - Google Patents
High-relief stone inscription cultural relic rubbing relaying technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-relief stone inscription cultural relic rubbing relaying technology. The technology is carried out in the manner that the orthographic projection principle and the painting art are combined and comprises the steps of paper feeding, paper smashing, inking, uncovering, bonding and repairing. The problem of the high-relief work rubbing relaying is creatively solved in practice, the condition that in the prior art, only characters are rubbed through the rubbing relaying technology while images and patterns are lacked is changed. Scientificity, systematicness and integrity of ancient stone inscription culture information are well embodied. An ancient sculpture work is successfully converted to a plane painting text from three-dimensional convex and concave. A batch of excellent Buddhism paintings are recovered in the Gong county grotto, the extremely precious real evidence is provided for studying the chinization process of the eastward transmission of western sciences of the Buddhism art in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the vacancy of the rubbing history in all ages is filled up. In addition, a brand new method is brought to the high-relief stone inscription cultural relic rubbing relaying technology, and economic development value is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of high relief stone artifact biography and open up skill, belonging to Techniques of Relics Protection field, is a kind of high relief stone artifact resist technology field more specifically.
Background technology
The great majority such as stone-arch culvert and numerous stone matter historic sites such as large-scale stone carving, stone inscription and historical relic stone inscription statue upright stone tablet are exposed in natural weathering environment, and sleet hardships all the year round and environmental pollution make rock surface deterioration and erosion gradually.Only have high relief biography to open up and could preserve history stone inscription document preferably, embody the science of stone inscription cultural information in ancient times, systematicness and integrality comprehensively, succession is gone down from generation to generation.Although the most basic safeguard measure controls environment, many environmental factors can not be removed completely, and the place not having ectocine is all transferred in stone matter historic site and the stone inscription statue that also those can not be subjected to erosion.In order to preserve the carrier in kind of top layer cultural information, having to that high relief stone artifact is carried out to some stone surfaces in imminent danger and opening up protection and process with rescue biography.
At present, the biography of numerous stone carving, stone inscription and historical relic stone inscription statue upright stone tablet is opened up in skill, and the biography of high relief orthographic projection that what difficulty was maximum is opens up skill and technique.Because inscription rubbing to as if the three-dimensional statue of scraggly stone inscription, drenched rice paper must with the requirement of orthographic projection, it is cut open on vertical compression to each position, mass colour is with nearly dense far light the method for the use of ink and water, show the stereoscopic level effect of stone inscription, after completing, also to ensure that dimension scale and former stone match, again the former large measured drawing of similar stone inscription.Such rubbing, wastes time and energy, and difficulty is excessive, the unskilled person of opening up, and often manifold card paper, this pass of platen are passed through with regard to difficulty.During due to high relief facsimile reproduction, rice paper and stone inscription surface contact are little, in working afield, have wind to rise once run into, just can all that has been achieved is spoiled.So our some rock cave statue books of rubbings of seeing now, often only open up figure of buddha backlight plane pattern behind, and do not open up vacant for the high relief figure of buddha; The book of rubbings of many statues, top niche for a statue of Buddha vacancy or only open up the edge of tabernacle, or only open up the stone inscription word of bottom, and by the figure of buddha vacancy in tabernacle, tracing it to its cause is all the causes of facsimile reproduction of having no way of doing it to high relief statue.
Therefore, need to provide a kind of high relief stone artifact to pass and open up skill, make its satisfied stone inscription picture for complexity such as high reliefs, use coal to open up and open up with cicada's wings the skill and technique that combines, according to different object and level, separate weight, effect is clear, well arranged, as pass open up Anyang Ling Quansi greatly live door both sides, holy cave " Na Luoyan supreme being " and " Kapilavastu supreme being " as time, all armor weapons, dress ornament, thick ink (being commonly called as coal to open up) all used by brothers' ringlike jade worn as a pendant at the waist and silks band, face is (except eyebrow, eye, mouthful, ears etc. are outer), chest, arm is takeed on, barefoot skin face of waiting is all with shallow ink (being commonly called as cicada's wings to open up), whole Picture Showing is out of ink, in vain, three looks such as ash, show the sculpture stereovision of stone inscription.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of high relief stone artifact biography and open up skill, this skill uses at instrument and paper ink and is different from the materials that general closed planar biography opens up skill and technique, in order to open up out effective rubbing, higher to the requirement of instrument and paper ink, different instruments to be made to multi-form high relief, especially will use in paper using that fiber is long, measured first-class emblem a surname of matter.The instrument that this skill is used specifically comprises the upper water conservancy project tool such as felt, cotton, towel, scrubbing brush, watering can, palm brush, making the upper paper instruments such as brush, flutterring the aid such as the inking instrument such as son (also known as opening up bag), eraser, inkstone, black plate and cut-off knife, pin cone, ruler, tweezers; The material used comprises rice paper, and the fiber that Xuancheng Profile, anhui Province must be used to produce is grown and ganoid senior hand-made paper; Prepared Chinese ink, preferably uses pine-soot ink and oil smoke ink.
A kind of high relief stone artifact provided by the invention passes opens up skill, and be that the mode combined with graphics art based on orthographic projection principle is carried out, it specifically comprises following skill step:
(1), upper paper: take the program of drawing with stone inscription to carry out, first, the patterning positions of every honor statue will be determined with orthographic projection principle before upper paper, the dislocation in order to avoid cut a sheet of paper, then, entire paper is spread out, first corner is located, in the space of every honor statue, paper is cut apart with a knife or scissors, bit by bit with towel, rice paper is pressed in stone inscription statue;
(2), paper is pounded: after paper in whole statue, first, be ready to large, medium and smallly different play brush, and play brush these three kinds and wrap with thin cloth, cause access difficulty in order to avoid pound disconnected rice paper fiber, and it is also different to ensure that the dynamics of brush is beaten in different positions, for the top layer of protection sheet, 1/3 dynamics of plane upright stone tablet can only be used, and first pound sunk position, after pound the position of protrusion, bit by bit fix from middle toward surrounding;
(3), inking: what will prepare before inking to vary in size flutters son, comprise flutter greatly son and wherein 3-5 differ in size little flutter son, flutter greatly son for inking, little son of flutterring is for for subsequent use, first, statue decorative pattern and dress ornament are flutterred a shallow ink, second time each position of described statue decorative pattern and dress ornament is mended even, in order to make mass colour soft, flutter son and prepared Chinese ink planted agent add some clear water, raven is added one time one time again in the position of protruding, in the middle of the mass colour of a upper honor statue, sub-gimmick is flutterred at the position of every honor statue and gradient is all slightly different, when flutterring sub-inking and with flutterring subcenter, Shi Eryong edge, and gradient is different because of statue while inking, flutter period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m dynamics under inking gimmick and want accurate, surely, and ensure near dense far light as ink and wash, Chinese ink dividing into five colors etc., after all decorative patterns and dress ornament mass colour reach satisfaction, upper surface portion and the colour of skin again, face and the colour of skin and overall mass colour are arranged in pairs or groups moderate, to reach the stereoeffect of stone inscription statue,
(4), tear off: when tearing off from bottom to up, from left to right, because the possibility that paper has block is opened up in every honor statue, the fragment fallen down will properly be preserved, and must not lose, lack sheet, some fragment puts into valve bag;
(5), bonding, reparation: drawn out by the rubbing in valve bag, rubbing is divided on the table, statue part is downward, rubbing upwards, is soaked with watering can atomization in the back side, is slowly launched to pave by rubbing, strengthen humidity with little watering can again, allow paper mouth and paper mouth be docking together; Then, be bonded together one by one with the paper mouth of rice paper bar by fragmentation; Large stretch of bonding complete after put aside and dry, start bonding small pieces, all bonding for big or small slice integral, more overall rubbing be atomized, the fragment in valve bag is mended scarce block place; After fragment completion, rubbing is dried, rubbing is faced up, search the factor whether having the aspect such as scarce sheet and statue dislocation again, just paper slip sticky behind being taken off once have, first correcting, rear location, so repeated multiple times, make it recover original appearance, bonding, reparation still will be carried out according to the gimmick of orthographic projection, otherwise be greater than former stone size after imaging, overall statue will distorting transformation.
As preferably, in described step (1), in order to prevent the rubbing of working it out from will lose original appearance, with towel rice paper is being pressed in the platen process in stone inscription statue, the moment ensures that rice paper can not move up and down, and ensures vertically.
As preferably, in described upper paper step, the high relief rice paper of upper a square metre is more time-consuming than the plane upright stone tablet of same homalographic takes a lot of work more than at least 100 times, and the rice paper fragmentation during upper paper of high relief rubbing seriously should not go up bletilla striata water, in order to avoid access difficulty.
As preferably, in described step (3), be ensure inking best results, wait paper to do 90% later inking again.
As preferably, in described step (4), tearing off in process, for the fragment that prevents loss, allow paper mouth joint integrated connection tearing off in process, moment notes sunk decorative pattern fragment, and the toothpick that employing is got ready in advance or tweezers tear off, and wait after all taking off and fragment and rubbing are together loaded in valve bag.
Further, in described step, when rubbing being dried after fragment completion, wait after doing about 70%, then rubbing is faced up.
Further, bonding, the restorative procedure of described step (5) are only applicable to statue upright stone tablet, the compound gimmick that circular engravure and the figure of buddha then take difficulty larger.
High relief stone artifact provided by the invention passes and opens up skill, has very important historic survey value, aesthetic value and economic development value, relative to prior art, specifically comprises following advantage:
(1) creatively solve high relief works in practice and pass a difficult problem of opening up, change to pass in the past and open up only inscription rubbing word and the situation that do not have statue, decorative pattern, fill up rubbing history blank, embody the science of stone inscription cultural information in ancient times, systematicness and integrality preferably.As when data is lost in the inscription rubbing Song Shan Chinese three fault, Gongxian Grottoes Shen, to each position of stone inscription,, each face takes the inscription rubbing gimmick of holotype, whole paper, present true, the original style and features of stone inscription to greatest extent, two place's inscription rubbing areas reach more than 100 square metres and more than 500 square metres respectively.For researcher fullys understand that the historical value of stone inscription provides complete complete book of rubbings data, make us fresh and new.From document angle, the practice of Li Ren aloof from politics and material pursuits embossment stone artifact inscription rubbing, make many ancient times stone inscription image and word again agree with one, for the researchs such as history, archaeology, Fine Arts and epigraphy open new space;
(2) high relief stone artifact pass open up skill and technique it should be noted that most art archaeology on contribution, he has more successfully been transformed into plane powder originally sculpture in ancient times from three-dimensional convex-concave, the large quantities of outstanding Buddhism paint at Gongxian Grottoes " recovery ", for research Northern and Southern Dynasties Buddhist art Xi Laidong in period sinicization process gradually provides very precious real example.Biography open up the Northern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleum stone inscription practice in, Li Renqing attempt high relief skill and technique is comprehensively and systematically extended to the stone inscription images of a group of characters such as the larger circular engravure of difficulty, for research the Northern Song Dynasty imperial palace drive painting and calligraphy institute system, institute draw creation level provide new visual angle and great mass of data.In biography is opened up, note the artistic appreciation improving rubbing, change the sense of performance image level with ink, coloured silk, make great efforts to reach Chinese ink dividing into five colors, actual situation interpromoting relation in five elements, coal cicada's wings, deep or light suitable painting effect, greatly strengthen the artistic appeal of traditional rubbing;
(3) high relief stone artifact passes the great attention that the rubbing form of opening up as a kind of innovation is subject to domestic and international culture, Wen Bo unit and collector.Ancient Chinese is outstanding, abundant stone inscription resource is that high relief passes and opens up skill and provide the wide and development space of great potential.In addition the feature of large, time-consuming longer, the engineering project of workload, also brings historic important meaning and value for high relief stone artifact passes to open up.At present, high relief rubbing is as a kind of Chinese culture multielement of uniqueness, for the Cultural and Creative Industries be surging forward provides new content, the high relief stone artifact rubbing of rare property is carried out to height is imitative copies distribution, carry out omnibearing marketing planning exploitation etc. with multiple intention form." the black tiger " of having a liking for from minority scholar, collector for rubbing is turned to the marketization by this, popular appealing to both the more and the less cultured is benefited our pursuits.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail further below.
A kind of high relief stone artifact provided by the invention passes opens up skill, and the mode taking orthographic projection principle to combine with graphics art is carried out, and concrete skill flow process is as follows:
(1), upper paper: take the program of drawing with stone inscription to carry out, the statue of high relief stone inscription is rough and uneven in surface, more time-consumingly than plane during upper paper takes a lot of work, can only wet upper and not competent on.In upper paper, technology content or accuracy are all large than paper difficulty on plane stone inscription, first, the patterning positions of every honor statue will be determined with orthographic projection principle before upper paper, the dislocation in order to avoid cut a sheet of paper, after entire paper spreads out, first corner is located, in the space of every honor statue, paper is cut apart with a knife or scissors, bit by bit with towel, rice paper is pressed in stone inscription statue, in platen process, rice paper can not move up and down, must be vertically, otherwise the rubbing of working it out will lose original appearance, and above paper plays vital effect to bonding and reparation.
(2), paper is pounded: after paper in whole statue; second important step will be carried out; what first we were for subsequent use will have variously large, medium and smallly different plays brush, this several brush of beating be wrapped with thin cloth, causes access difficulty in order to avoid pound disconnected rice paper fiber; and to beat the dynamics of brush also different in different positions; 1/3 dynamics of plane upright stone tablet can only be used, the top layer of ability protection sheet, and first will pound sunk position; after pound the position of protrusion, bit by bit fix from middle toward surrounding.So the high relief rice paper of upper a square metre is more time-consuming than the plane upright stone tablet of same homalographic takes a lot of work more than at least 100 times, and the rice paper fragmentation during upper paper of high relief rubbing seriously should not go up bletilla striata water, in order to avoid access difficulty.
(3): inking, when high relief statue passes and opens up, inking is different from plane rubbing and flutters ink so arbitrarily, and need to be proficient in picture reason, work writes double executing, and is the committed step of establishing rubbing artistic effect and aesthetic taste.What will prepare before inking to vary in size flutters son, flutters greatly sub-inking use, and little son of flutterring is wanted 3-5 for subsequent use and differed in size, inking best results after waiting paper to do 90%.First, statue decorative pattern and dress ornament are flutterred a shallow ink, second time these positions are mended even, in order to make mass colour soft, flutter son and prepared Chinese ink planted agent add some clear water, raven is added one time one time again in the position of protruding, in the middle of the mass colour of a upper honor statue, sub-gimmick is flutterred at the position of every honor statue and gradient is all slightly different, when flutterring sub-inking and with flutterring subcenter, Shi Eryong edge, and gradient is different because of statue while inking, flutter period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m dynamics under inking gimmick and want accurate, surely, must on go out oneself desirable mass colour, once weight inequality will affect whole structure.Near dense far light as ink and wash, Chinese ink dividing into five colors etc., all decorative patterns and dress ornament mass colour reach satisfied after, then upper surface portion and the colour of skin.To face and the colour of skin and overall mass colour be arranged in pairs or groups moderate, just can reach the stereoeffect of stone inscription statue.
(4): tear off: when tearing off from bottom to up, from left to right, the possibility that paper has block is opened up in every honor statue, and these fragments will properly be preserved, must not lose, lack sheet, some fragment, minimum only has nail cover size, will lose if not careful, allow paper mouth joint integrated connection as far as possible tearing off in process, especially sunk decorative pattern fragment, adopt the toothpick got ready in advance or tweezers to tear off, wait after all taking off and fragment and rubbing are together loaded in valve bag.
(5): bonding, reparation: drawn out by the rubbing in valve bag, rubbing is divided on the table, statue part is downward, rubbing upwards, is soaked with watering can atomization in the back side, is slowly launched to pave by rubbing, strengthen humidity with little watering can again, allow paper mouth and paper mouth be docking together.Then, be bonded together one by one with the paper mouth of rice paper bar by fragmentation.Large stretch of bonding complete after put aside and dry, start bonding small pieces, all bonding for big or small slice integral, again overall rubbing is atomized, the fragment in valve bag is mended scarce block place, after fragment completion, rubbing is dried, do about 70%, rubbing being faced up, then searches the factor whether having the aspect such as scarce sheet and statue dislocation, just paper slip sticky behind being taken off once have, first correct, rear location, likely Zhang Tuo's sheet is so repeated multiple times, could recover original appearance.This flow process is only applicable to statue upright stone tablet, and circular engravure and the figure of buddha then will take the compound gimmick that difficulty is larger.Bonding, reparation still will be carried out according to the gimmick of orthographic projection, otherwise be greater than former stone size after imaging, and overall statue will distorting transformation.
This high relief stone artifact biography is opened up skill and be different from the materials that general closed planar biography opens up skill and technique on instrument and the use of paper ink, higher to the requirement of instrument and paper ink, different instruments to be made to multi-form high relief, especially to use in paper using that fiber is long, measured first-class emblem a surname of matter, effective rubbing can be opened up out.This high relief stone artifact passes to be opened up the instrument that skill specifically uses and comprises the upper water conservancy project tool such as felt, cotton, towel, scrubbing brush, watering can, palm brush, make the upper paper instruments such as brush, flutter the inking instrument such as son (also known as opening up bag), eraser, inkstone, black plate, and the aid such as cut-off knife, pin cone, ruler, tweezers.The material of concrete use comprises rice paper, and the fiber that Xuancheng Profile, anhui Province must be used to produce is grown and ganoid senior hand-made paper; Prepared Chinese ink, preferably uses pine-soot ink and oil smoke ink.
At present, high relief stone artifact of the present invention passes to be opened up skill and has very significant technique effect, at present main works comprise the Song Shan Chinese three fault, Gongxian Grottoes, the Northern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleum, Anyang Ling Quansi, the high relief rubbing such as Nanjing Qixia Temple Thousand-Buddha Cave rock cave and Liu's upright stone tablet temple statue upright stone tablet; Successively there is essence to open up thousands of kinds to be collected by National Library, Palace Museum, Shanghai Library, and plant successive dynasties stone inscription for museum of Henan Province, ancient architecture research institute of Henan Province inscription rubbing more than ten thousand.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, if do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention to various change of the present invention or modification, if these are changed and modification belongs within claim of the present invention and equivalent technologies scope, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (9)
1. high relief stone artifact passes and opens up a skill, it is characterized in that, comprises following skill step:
(1), upper paper: take the program of drawing with stone inscription to carry out, first, the patterning positions of every honor statue will be determined with orthographic projection principle before upper paper, the dislocation in order to avoid cut a sheet of paper, then, entire paper is spread out, first corner is located, in the space of every honor statue, paper is cut apart with a knife or scissors, bit by bit with towel, rice paper is pressed in stone inscription statue;
(2), paper is pounded: after paper in whole statue, first, be ready to large, medium and smallly different play brush, and play brush these three kinds and wrap with thin cloth, cause access difficulty in order to avoid pound disconnected rice paper fiber, and it is also different to ensure that the dynamics of brush is beaten in different positions, for the top layer of protection sheet, 1/3 dynamics of plane stone inscription can only be used, and first pound sunk position, after pound the position of protrusion, bit by bit fix from middle toward surrounding;
(3), inking: what will prepare before inking to vary in size flutters son, comprise flutter greatly son and wherein 3-5 differ in size little flutter son, flutter greatly son for inking, little son of flutterring is for for subsequent use, first, statue decorative pattern and dress ornament are flutterred a shallow ink, second time each position of described statue decorative pattern and dress ornament is mended even, in order to make mass colour soft, flutter son and prepared Chinese ink planted agent add some clear water, raven is added one time one time again in the position of protruding, in the middle of the mass colour of a upper honor statue, sub-gimmick is flutterred at the position of every honor statue and gradient is all slightly different, when flutterring sub-inking and with flutterring subcenter, Shi Eryong edge, and gradient is different because of statue while inking, flutter period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m dynamics under inking gimmick and want accurate, surely, and ensure near dense far light as ink and wash, Chinese ink dividing into five colors etc., after all decorative patterns and dress ornament mass colour reach satisfaction, upper surface portion and the colour of skin again, face and the colour of skin and overall mass colour are arranged in pairs or groups moderate, to reach the stereoeffect of stone inscription statue,
(4), tear off: when tearing off from bottom to up, from left to right, because the possibility that paper has block is opened up in every honor statue, the fragment fallen down will properly be preserved, and fragment is loaded in valve bag and must not be lost;
(5), bonding, reparation: drawn out by the rubbing in valve bag, rubbing is divided on the table, statue part is downward, rubbing upwards, is soaked with watering can atomization in the back side, is slowly launched to pave by rubbing, strengthen humidity with little watering can again, allow paper mouth and paper mouth be docking together; Then, be bonded together one by one with the paper mouth of rice paper bar by fragmentation; Large stretch of bonding complete after put aside and dry, start bonding small pieces, all bonding for big or small slice integral, more overall rubbing be atomized, the fragment in valve bag is mended scarce block place; After fragment completion, rubbing is dried, rubbing is faced up, search the factor whether having the aspect such as scarce sheet and statue dislocation again, just paper slip sticky behind being taken off once have, first correcting, rear location, so repeated multiple times, make it recover original appearance, bonding, reparation still will be carried out according to the gimmick of orthographic projection, otherwise be greater than former stone size after imaging, overall statue will distorting transformation.
2. a kind of high relief stone artifact according to claim 1 passes and opens up skill, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), with towel rice paper is being pressed in the platen process in stone inscription statue, moment ensures that rice paper can not move up and down, and ensure vertically, otherwise the rubbing of working it out will lose original appearance.
3. a kind of high relief stone artifact according to claim 1 passes and opens up skill, it is characterized in that, in described upper paper step, the high relief rice paper of upper one square metre is more time-consuming than the plane upright stone tablet of same homalographic takes a lot of work more than at least 100 times, and, the rice paper fragmentation during upper paper of high relief rubbing seriously should not go up bletilla striata water, in order to avoid access difficulty.
4. a kind of high relief stone artifact according to claim 1 passes and opens up skill, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), is ensure inking best results, waits paper to do 90% later inking again.
5. a kind of high relief stone artifact according to claim 1 passes and opens up skill, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), tearing off in process, for the fragment that prevents loss, allow paper mouth joint integrated connection tearing off in process, the moment notes sunk decorative pattern fragment, the toothpick that employing is got ready in advance or tweezers tear off, and wait after all taking off and fragment and rubbing are together loaded in valve bag.
6. a kind of high relief stone artifact according to claim 1 passes and opens up skill, it is characterized in that, in described step, after fragment completion, rubbing is dried after to about 70%, then faced up by rubbing.
7. a kind of high relief stone artifact according to claim 1 passes and opens up skill, and it is characterized in that, bonding, the restorative procedure of described step (5) are only applicable to statue upright stone tablet, the compound gimmick that circular engravure and the figure of buddha then take difficulty larger.
8. a kind of high relief stone artifact of any one according to claim 1-6 passes opens up skill, it is characterized in that, the instrument that described method uses comprises: felt, cotton, towel, scrubbing brush, upper water conservancy project tool, upper paper instrument, flutters son, eraser, inking instrument and aid; Described upper water conservancy project tool is watering can; Described upper paper instrument comprises eraser, inkstone and black plate; Described aid comprises cut-off knife, pin cone, ruler and tweezers.
9. a kind of high relief stone artifact of any one according to claim 1-6 passes opens up skill, and it is characterized in that, used material comprises rice paper and prepared Chinese ink, and the fiber that described rice paper position Xuancheng Profile, anhui Province produces is grown and ganoid senior hand-made paper; Prepared Chinese ink, described prepared Chinese ink position pine-soot ink and oil smoke ink.
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| CN109649029A (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2019-04-19 | 张衡 | The anti-fake biography of tea cake opens up method |
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| CN107175988A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-09-19 | 郑州市残疾人康复教育中心 | A kind of manufacture craft of the high relief rubbing with stereoeffect |
| CN107175988B (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2021-01-19 | 郑州市残疾人康复教育中心 | Manufacturing process of high-relief rubbing with three-dimensional effect |
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