CN105081220A - Multi-cavity ceramic die shell and forming method of ceramic die shell - Google Patents

Multi-cavity ceramic die shell and forming method of ceramic die shell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105081220A
CN105081220A CN201510619924.4A CN201510619924A CN105081220A CN 105081220 A CN105081220 A CN 105081220A CN 201510619924 A CN201510619924 A CN 201510619924A CN 105081220 A CN105081220 A CN 105081220A
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China
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wax
pattern
support column
ceramic shell
shell mould
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CN201510619924.4A
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CN105081220B (en
Inventor
马德新
张琼元
王海洋
陈学达
贺群功
张松泉
杨功显
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DEC Dongfang Turbine Co Ltd
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DEC Dongfang Turbine Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-cavity ceramic die shell and a forming method of the ceramic die shell. A supporting pillar is vertically arranged between a base plate and a transverse pouring gate of the ceramic die shell, and a plurality of casting cavities are formed between the base plate and the transverse pouring gate vertically; the supporting pillar is composed of a supporting pillar upper section and a supporting pillar lower section which are separated. The forming method comprises the steps that the base plate, a plurality of casting wax patterns corresponding to castings in designed shape, a transverse pouring gate wax pattern, a pouring cup wax pattern and a supporting pillar wax pattern corresponding to the casting wax patterns in height are manufactured; two protruding rings which are isolated and protrude from the outer wall of the supporting pillar wax pattern are arranged on the supporting pillar wax pattern in the axial direction; (2) a wax tree is assembled; (3) the ceramic die shell is manufactured in a pulp pasting and sand spraying mode on the wax tree, and it is guaranteed that the circumferential surfaces of the two protruding rings of the supporting pillar wax pattern are exposed in the process; (4) dewaxing and baking are conducted, and the multi-cavity ceramic die shell with the supporting pillar broken in the axial direction is obtained. By means of the multi-cavity ceramic die shell and the forming method of the ceramic die shell, the internal stress of the castings in the forming process is reduced effectively, and the risk that cracks are generated in the castings in the forming process is reduced reliably.

Description

Cavity ceramic shell mould and this ceramic shell mould forming method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the formwork forming technique of accurate founding, specifically a kind of cavity ceramic shell mould, and the forming method of this cavity ceramic shell mould.
Background technology
In accurate casting technology; in order to enhance productivity; usually the formwork of a multi-cavity mold (also known as many foundry goods module) can be adopted to carry out casting pouring, namely adopt the ceramic shell mould of multiple die cavity to carry out the casting pouring of identical or different shape (being generally same shape) simultaneously.
Above-mentioned cavity ceramic shell mould is when organizing mold forming, in order to ensure the structural strength of wax tree, need to erect between the chassis wax-pattern and the cross gate wax-pattern on top of bottom to put support column wax-pattern, namely support column wax-pattern and multiple casting wax mould are put between chassis wax-pattern and cross gate wax-pattern so that separate mode is perpendicular respectively, usual multiple casting wax mould centered by support column wax-pattern in the circumferential interval arrange, form wax tree with this.This wax tree drenches after sand and follow-up dewaxing, calcination process through mucilage, and shaping cavity ceramic shell mould has complete support column (namely supporting chassis under support column, above to cross gate).
The cavity ceramic shell mould of this structure, in the casting solidification process of molten metal, especially in directional solidification process, due to ceramic support post to chassis and cross gate with the support of high strength, thus make support column can hinder the contraction of metal material in process of setting in foundry goods die cavity, this is by the internal stress of increase foundry goods in process of setting, and then makes foundry goods in forming process, occur large the increasing that have a big risk of crackle.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is: for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of cavity ceramic shell mould that effectively can reduce the internal stress of foundry goods in shaping, and this ceramic shell mould forming method.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of cavity ceramic shell mould, and erect between the chassis of described ceramic shell mould and cross gate and be equipped with support column and multiple foundry goods die cavity, described support column is made up of the support column epimere disconnected and support column hypomere.
Break distance between described support column epimere and support column hypomere at least equals the contraction distortion value of metal material in solidifying in foundry goods die cavity.
Described multiple foundry goods die cavity is around the periphery being arranged in support column.
The first forming method of above-mentioned cavity ceramic shell mould, comprises the following steps:
1). make the support column wax-pattern of chassis, multiple casting wax moulds of corresponding casting design shape, cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern, corresponding casting wax mould height respectively; The axial direction of described support column wax-pattern is provided with that twice are isolated, from the bulge loop of support column wax-pattern outer wall projection, the height of projection of per pass bulge loop at least equals the design thickness that mucilage drenches sand;
2). by casting wax mould and support column wax-pattern respectively perpendicular putting be combined between chassis and cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern is combined on cross gate wax-pattern, forms wax tree with this;
3). in step 2) wax tree on drench sand mode with mucilage and make ceramic shell mould, in the process, guarantee that the outermost periphery of two bulge loops of support column wax-pattern is exposed; Or in the process, the mucilage that the wax body between two bulge loops at least guaranteeing support column wax-pattern divides drenches sand, can not drench sand formed intactly continuous with the other parts mucilage on support column wax-pattern;
4). carry out dewaxing, roasting, the axis of a cylinder that is supported is to the cavity ceramic shell mould disconnected.
Bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern and support column wax-pattern are formed in one structure; Or the bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern is independently wax ring, and wax ring is arranged on the correspondence position of support column wax-pattern in a joint manner.
The support column epimere inner chamber of described cavity ceramic shell mould fills shutoff with blocking, and shutoff is filled in the lower blocking of support column hypomere inner chamber.
The second forming method of above-mentioned cavity ceramic shell mould, comprises the following steps:
1). make the support column wax-pattern of chassis, multiple casting wax moulds of corresponding casting design shape, cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern, corresponding casting wax mould height respectively; Described support column wax-pattern is provided with one thickness >=2mm, separation bulge loop from support column wax-pattern outer wall projection, and the height of projection of described separation bulge loop at least equals the design thickness that mucilage drenches sand;
2). by casting wax mould and support column wax-pattern respectively perpendicular putting be combined between chassis and cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern is combined on cross gate wax-pattern, forms wax tree with this;
3). in step 2) wax tree on drench sand mode with mucilage and make ceramic shell mould, in the process, guarantee that the outermost periphery of the separation bulge loop of support column wax-pattern is exposed;
4). carry out dewaxing, roasting, the axis of a cylinder that is supported is to the cavity ceramic shell mould disconnected.
Separation bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern and support column wax-pattern are formed in one structure; Or the separation bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern is independently wax ring, and wax ring is arranged on the correspondence position of support column wax-pattern in a joint manner.
The support column epimere inner chamber of described cavity ceramic shell mould fills shutoff with blocking, and shutoff is filled in the lower blocking of support column hypomere inner chamber.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. ceramic shell mould of the present invention is under the prerequisite not affecting structural strength, to disconnect the mode of support column, what eliminate the metal material solidification shrinkage in obstruction formwork die cavity supports power, thus effectively reduce the internal stress of foundry goods in shaping, greatly reduce the risk that crackle appears in foundry goods in forming process, reliable and practical;
2. forming method of the present invention by do not destroy wax tree support column wax-pattern, ensure premised on wax tree structural strength, form the cavity ceramic shell mould that ceramic support post disconnects afterwards automatically or easily in dewaxing, effectively prevent like this and cutting operation process is carried out to ceramic support post, its forming process is simple, easy and convenient, reliably stablize.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of ceramic shell mould of the present invention.
The wax tree structural representation that Fig. 2 is ceramic shell mould shown in Fig. 1 in shaping.
Fig. 3 is the another kind of structural representation of ceramic shell mould of the present invention.
The wax tree structural representation that Fig. 4 is ceramic shell mould shown in Fig. 3 in shaping.
Code name implication in figure: A1-chassis; A2-foundry goods die cavity; A3-cross gate; A4-cup; A5-support column epimere; A6-support column hypomere; A7-upper blocking; A8-lower blocking; B1-chassis wax-pattern; B2-casting wax mould; B3-cross gate wax-pattern; B4-cup wax-pattern; B5-upper bulge loop; B6-the next bulge loop; B7-support column wax-pattern; B8-separation bulge loop.
Detailed description of the invention
embodiment 1
Shown in Figure 1, the present invention is cavity ceramic shell mould, the cup A4 that it has chassis A1, cross gate A3 and is connected on cross gate A3, and the bottom of cup A4 and the interior Kongxiang of cross gate A3 lead to; Erect between chassis A1 and cross gate A3 and be equipped with a support column and multiple foundry goods die cavity A2.Wherein, support column is in the center of chassis A1 and cross gate A3, this support column is made up of the support column epimere A5 disconnected and support column hypomere A6, as long as the space length of concrete disconnection at least equals the contraction distortion value of metal material in solidifying in foundry goods die cavity A2, based on this, in order to convenient formation, the break distance of support column epimere A5 and support column hypomere A6 should be greater than the contraction distortion value (be generally not less than 15mm) of metal material in solidifying; The bore seal of support column epimere A5 is filled with blocking A7; The inner chamber of support column hypomere A6 is filled with lower blocking A8.Multiple foundry goods die cavity A2 centered by support column, around being arranged between the chassis A1 of support column periphery and cross gate A3, the spacing distance between adjacent foundry goods die cavity A2, the total quantity based on foundry goods die cavity A2 is considered with equal mode for cloth; The interior casement chamber of each foundry goods die cavity A2 and the interior Kongxiang of cross gate A3 lead to.
Shown in Figure 2, above-mentioned cavity ceramic shell mould forming method, comprises the following steps:
1). adopt wax injector, make chassis wax-pattern B1, multiple casting wax mould B2, cross gate wax-pattern B3, cup wax-pattern B4 and support column wax-pattern B7 respectively, wherein, the contour shape of each casting wax mould B2 should mate the design shape of foundry goods, the height of support column wax-pattern B7 answers the height of corresponding casting wax mould B2, the axial direction of this support column wax-pattern B7 is provided with the isolated wax bulge loop of twice, spacing distance is greater than metal material in the foundry goods die cavity A2 contraction distortion value in solidifying (conveniently, spacing distance is the preferred value being not less than 15mm generally), upper bulge loop B5 is protruding from the external wall of upper portion of support column wax-pattern B7, height of projection at least equals the design thickness (being generally 5 ~ 10mm) that mucilage drenches sand, the next bulge loop B6 is protruding from the bottom outer wall of support column wax-pattern B7, height of projection at least equals the design thickness (being generally 5 ~ 10mm) that mucilage drenches sand,
2). adopt electric welding cutter, being erected to put respectively by multiple casting wax mould B2 and support column wax-pattern B7 is combined on the wax-pattern B1 of chassis, require that support column wax-pattern B7 is in the center of chassis wax-pattern B1, multiple casting wax mould B2 centered by support column wax-pattern B7, in the uniform mode of circumference around being arranged on the chassis wax-pattern B1 of support column wax-pattern B7 periphery; Cross gate wax-pattern B3 is combined in the top of multiple casting wax mould B2 and support column wax-pattern B7, is in the top of chassis wax-pattern B1, with this, multiple casting wax mould B2 and support column wax-pattern B7 is erected respectively and be placed between chassis wax-pattern B1 and cross gate wax-pattern B3; Cup wax-pattern B4 is combined in the center of cross gate wax-pattern B3, substantially corresponding with the perpendicular support column wax-pattern B7 put, form wax tree with this;
3). in step 2) wax tree on drench sand mode with mucilage and make ceramic shell mould, in the process, each mucilage drenches sand should be removed respectively by the slurry on the outermost periphery of upper bulge loop B5 and the next bulge loop B6, sand, exposes wax face; Be used for the hot investment casting of directional solidification processes based on the cavity ceramic shell mould that the present embodiment is shaping, thus, after being stained with slurry pouring sand process, also needing the surrounding side of chassis wax-pattern B1 and bottom surface slurry, sand to remove at every turn, exposing wax face;
4). dewax after the ceramic shell mould curing molding on wax tree, the support column ceramic case between upper bulge loop B5 and the next bulge loop B6 breaks owing to not having the connection at two ends, and the axis of a cylinder that is finally supported is to the cavity ceramic shell mould being broken into two sections.After roasting, the inner chamber of the support column epimere A5 of this cavity ceramic shell mould blocking A7 is filled shutoff, and a little shell ceramic size processed of perfusion seals, to ensure that in casting process, metallic solution does not flow out from this position, in addition, blocking A7 should be avoided the impact of cross gate A3, the inner chamber of support column hypomere A6 fills shutoff, with this finished product with lower blocking A8.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in upper bulge loop B5 and the next bulge loop B6 can be formed in one structure with support column wax-pattern B7.Also they can be made separate Split type structure and carry out assembled formation, such as, two wax bars are wound around bonding being combined on support column wax-pattern B7 in a spaced apart manner.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, when carrying out mucilage and drenching sand process, minimum limit is, the mucilage that wax body between two bulge loops guaranteeing support column wax-pattern divides drenches sand, can not drench sand with the other parts mucilage on support column wax-pattern is formed intactly continuous, non-continuous ceramics material component Automatic-falling when making to dewax between upper bulge loop and the next bulge loop is removed, and support column is divided into upper and lower two sections.
embodiment 2
Shown in Figure 3, the present invention is cavity ceramic shell mould, the cup A4 that it has chassis A1, cross gate A3 and is connected on cross gate A3, and the bottom of cup A4 and the interior Kongxiang of cross gate A3 lead to; Erect between chassis A1 and cross gate A3 and be equipped with a support column and multiple foundry goods die cavity A2.Wherein, support column is in the center of chassis A1 and cross gate A3, this support column is made up of the support column epimere A5 disconnected and support column hypomere A6, as long as the space length of concrete disconnection at least equals the contraction distortion value of metal material in solidifying in foundry goods die cavity A2, based on this, in order to convenient formation, the break distance of support column epimere A5 and support column hypomere A6 should be greater than the contraction distortion value of metal material in solidifying; The bore seal of support column epimere A5 is filled with blocking A7; The inner chamber of support column hypomere A6 is filled with lower blocking A8.Multiple foundry goods die cavity A2 centered by support column, around being arranged between the chassis A1 of support column periphery and cross gate A3, the spacing distance between adjacent foundry goods die cavity A2, the total quantity based on foundry goods die cavity A2 is considered with equal mode for cloth; The interior casement chamber of each foundry goods die cavity A2 and the interior Kongxiang of cross gate A3 lead to.
Shown in Figure 4, above-mentioned cavity ceramic shell mould forming method, comprises the following steps:
1). adopt wax injector, make chassis wax-pattern B1, multiple casting wax mould B2, cross gate wax-pattern B3, cup wax-pattern B4 and support column wax-pattern B7 respectively; Wherein, the contour shape of each casting wax mould B2 should mate the design shape of foundry goods; The height of support column wax-pattern B7 answers the height of corresponding casting wax mould B2, this support column wax-pattern B7 is provided with together, from the thickness (axial dimension) of the separation bulge loop B8 of support column wax-pattern B7 outer wall projection, this separation bulge loop B8 as long as be about 10mm(usually >=2mm; This thickness at least equals the contraction distortion value of metal material in solidifying in foundry goods die cavity), separate bulge loop B8 and at least equal from the height of the outer wall projection of support column wax-pattern B7 the design thickness (being generally 5 ~ 10mm) that mucilage drenches sand;
2). adopt electric welding cutter, being erected to put respectively by multiple casting wax mould B2 and support column wax-pattern B7 is combined on the wax-pattern B1 of chassis, require that support column wax-pattern B7 is in the center of chassis wax-pattern B1, multiple casting wax mould B2 centered by support column wax-pattern B7, in the uniform mode of circumference around being arranged on the chassis wax-pattern B1 of support column wax-pattern B7 periphery; Cross gate wax-pattern B3 is combined in the top of multiple casting wax mould B2 and support column wax-pattern B7, is in the top of chassis wax-pattern B1, with this, multiple casting wax mould B2 and support column wax-pattern B7 is erected respectively and be placed between chassis wax-pattern B1 and cross gate wax-pattern B3; Cup wax-pattern B4 is combined in the center of cross gate wax-pattern B3, substantially corresponding with the perpendicular support column wax-pattern B7 put, form wax tree with this;
3). in step 2) wax tree on drench sand mode with mucilage and make ceramic shell mould, in the process, the slurry separated in bulge loop B8 outermost circumferential wall, sand should be removed when each mucilage drenches sand, expose wax face; Be used for the hot investment casting of directional solidification processes based on the cavity ceramic shell mould that the present embodiment is shaping, thus, after being stained with slurry pouring sand process, also needing the surrounding side of chassis wax-pattern B1 and bottom surface slurry, sand to remove at every turn, exposing wax face.
4). after the ceramic shell mould curing molding on wax tree, dewax, the wax body in ceramic shell mould comprises bulge loop and all melts, and the axis of a cylinder that is finally supported is to the cavity ceramic shell mould being broken into two sections.After roasting, the inner chamber of the support column epimere A5 of this cavity ceramic shell mould blocking A7 is filled shutoff, and a little shell ceramic size processed of perfusion seals, to ensure that in casting process, metallic solution does not flow out from this position, in addition, blocking A7 should be avoided the impact of cross gate A3, and the inner chamber of support column hypomere A6 fills shutoff with lower blocking A8.With this finished product.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in separation bulge loop B8 and support column wax-pattern B7 to be formed in one structure, also can be wound around with the wax bar of a respective diameters and be bonded in support column wax-pattern on the surface.
Employ upper and lower two bulge loops in embodiment 1, eliminate longer ceramic support post, thus improve permeability and the radiant heat transfer condition of formwork.The distance between two bulge loops can be strengthened for this purpose as far as possible, ceramic support base for post is originally removed completely.If do not consider this object, can only employ a bulge loop as in Example 2, to simplify process for making shell.
The various embodiments described above only in order to the present invention to be described, are not intended to limit.Although with reference to the various embodiments described above to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the concrete technical scheme in the various embodiments described above, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a cavity ceramic shell mould, has between the chassis of described ceramic shell mould and cross gate to erect and puts support column and multiple foundry goods die cavity, it is characterized in that: described support column is made up of the support column epimere disconnected and support column hypomere.
2. cavity ceramic shell mould according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the break distance between described support column epimere and support column hypomere at least equals the contraction distortion value of metal material in solidifying in foundry goods die cavity.
3. cavity ceramic shell mould according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described multiple foundry goods die cavity is around the periphery being arranged in support column.
4. a cavity ceramic shell mould forming method described in claim 1,2 or 3, comprises the following steps:
1). make the support column wax-pattern of chassis, multiple casting wax moulds of corresponding casting design shape, cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern, corresponding casting wax mould height respectively; The axial direction of described support column wax-pattern is provided with that twice are isolated, from the bulge loop of support column wax-pattern outer wall projection, the height of projection of per pass bulge loop at least equals the design thickness that mucilage drenches sand;
2). by casting wax mould and support column wax-pattern respectively perpendicular putting be combined between chassis and cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern is combined on cross gate wax-pattern, forms wax tree with this;
3). in step 2) wax tree on drench sand mode with mucilage and make ceramic shell mould, in the process, guarantee that the outermost periphery of two bulge loops of support column wax-pattern is exposed; Or in the process, the mucilage that the wax body between two bulge loops at least guaranteeing support column wax-pattern divides drenches sand, can not drench sand formed intactly continuous with the other parts mucilage on support column wax-pattern;
4). carry out dewaxing, roasting, the axis of a cylinder that is supported is to the cavity ceramic shell mould disconnected.
5. cavity ceramic shell mould forming method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern and support column wax-pattern are formed in one structure; Or the bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern is independently wax ring, and wax ring is arranged on the correspondence position of support column wax-pattern in a joint manner.
6. cavity ceramic shell mould forming method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the support column epimere inner chamber of described cavity ceramic shell mould fills shutoff with blocking, the lower blocking filling shutoff of support column hypomere inner chamber.
7. a cavity ceramic shell mould forming method described in claim 1,2 or 3, comprises the following steps:
1). make the support column wax-pattern of chassis, multiple casting wax moulds of corresponding casting design shape, cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern, corresponding casting wax mould height respectively; Described support column wax-pattern is provided with one thickness >=2mm, separation bulge loop from support column wax-pattern outer wall projection, and the height of projection of described separation bulge loop at least equals the design thickness that mucilage drenches sand;
2). by casting wax mould and support column wax-pattern respectively perpendicular putting be combined between chassis and cross gate wax-pattern, cup wax-pattern is combined on cross gate wax-pattern, forms wax tree with this;
3). in step 2) wax tree on drench sand mode with mucilage and make ceramic shell mould, in the process, guarantee that the outermost periphery of the separation bulge loop of support column wax-pattern is exposed;
4). carry out dewaxing, roasting, the axis of a cylinder that is supported is to the cavity ceramic shell mould disconnected.
8. cavity ceramic shell mould forming method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the separation bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern and support column wax-pattern are formed in one structure; Or the separation bulge loop on described support column wax-pattern is independently wax ring, and wax ring is arranged on the correspondence position of support column wax-pattern in a joint manner.
9. cavity ceramic shell mould forming method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: the support column epimere inner chamber of described cavity ceramic shell mould fills shutoff with blocking, the lower blocking filling shutoff of support column hypomere inner chamber.
CN201510619924.4A 2015-09-25 2015-09-25 Cavity ceramic shell mould and the ceramic shell mould forming method Active CN105081220B (en)

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CN114210926A (en) * 2021-12-15 2022-03-22 中国航发动力股份有限公司 Turbine blade investment casting shell and casting process thereof
CN115121768A (en) * 2022-04-26 2022-09-30 湘潭大学 Shell structure, preparation method thereof and hot cracking tendency judgment method

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CN115121768B (en) * 2022-04-26 2024-04-05 湘潭大学 Shell structure, preparation method thereof and hot cracking tendency judging method

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