CN105078403A - Multi-purpose scale for measuring eyeball movement range and pupil diameter and measurement method - Google Patents
Multi-purpose scale for measuring eyeball movement range and pupil diameter and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-purpose scale for measuring the eyeball movement range and the pupil diameter and a measurement method. The multi-purpose scale comprises a first measurement scale part, a second measurement scale part, a magnifying lens, a transparent slice and a self-retractable miniature ruler, wherein endpoints on two ends of the first measurement scale part are A and D respectively; the second measurement scale part can be folded from the midpoint M, and intersects with the first measurement scale par at the point O; the magnifying lens and the transparent slice are connected to two ends of the second measurement scale part respectively, and the circle point in the center of the magnifying lens is marked as F, and the circle point of the center of the transparent slice is marked as G; a shell of the self-retractable miniature ruler is connected to the point D, and the starting end of a dividing ruler is detachably connected to the point G of the transparent slice. The AO segment is equal to the FO segment in length, the OE segment is equal to the GO segment in length, the length ratio of the AO segment to the OE segment is 1 to (3-4), and by virtue of the geometric proportional relation, the eyeball movement range is measured; after the second measurement scale part is folded at the point M, the circle points in the centers of the magnifying lens and the transparent slice are overlapped, a plurality of markers spaced at preset distances are arranged on the surface of the transparent slice for marking the pupil edges, then the magnifying lens is adopted for reading the distances among the markers, and thus the diameter data of the pupil is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medical instruments field, be specifically related to a kind of multifunctional ruler measuring ocular movemeut amplitude and pupil diameter.
Background technology
The eyes are the windows of the mind, and the mankind about have the external information of 80% to be obtained by eyes.By ocular movement, human body mainly ensures that watch object attentively ties picture on the fovea centralis in macula retinae portion.The crowd of ocular movemeut obstacle, not only daily life quality is had a strong impact on, and how cannot be engaged in decent work, all brings have a strong impact on to family, social labor power resource.
Ocular movement type has: steadily with combining motion, pan ocular movement, fixation fine motion, converge like the spokes of a wheel at the hub motion, nystagmus vestibularis, railway nystagmus etc., these different motions controlled by different mechanism, complete different tasks.The clinical manifestation of ocular motility disorder comprises: occur the ptosis, eyeball downward exotropia during oculomotorius infringement, eyeball can not upwards, interior, lower direction rotates, and occurs diplopia, platycoria, disappears to light and accommodation reflex.During trochlear nerve infringement eyeball downwards and abduction time hypomotility, when eyeball moves downward, diplopia increases the weight of, and trochlear nerve damages separately rare.Occur during abducent nerve infringement eyeball esotropia, eyeball can not abduction, there is diplopia when watching attentively laterally.
Ocular motility disorder common disease comprises: be common in craniocerebral trauma, middle cerebral lesion, intracranial aneurysm, intracranial infection, tentorial herniation, diabetic neuropathy, ophthalmoplegia disease etc. clinically.Various disease causes the pathophysiological mechanism of ocular movemeut obstacle to mainly contain the oculomotor nerve of multiple duty and is subject to fracture card pressure, swelling compressing tractive, neurological score obstacle, inflammatory factor stimulation etc., is exactly be responsible for oculomotor muscle to occur the reasons such as paralysis, spasm in addition.Wherein common clinically ocular movemeut obstructive cause is the superior orbital fissure syndrome patient that wound causes.As far back as 1974, the concept that scholar NakagawaT proposes first " traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome (Traumaticsuperiororbitalfissuresyndrome) ".After this pertinent literature is constantly had to report, but due to the limited (CT of condition, the imaging diagnosis means such as MRI still do not have extensive use, relevant anatomy complexity, operating difficulty coefficient is large), surgical operation therapy never has incremental advances, causes the overwhelming majority's " traumatic superior orbital fissure syndrome " patient's lifelong disability even blind.
Oculomotor research is had to the history of more than 100 year: 19 end of the centurys, the work studies of French scholar Lamare and Javal and Huey found that ocular movement and cognitive activities had basic corresponding relation, document is had to record: Javal once directly observed oneself ocular movement with mirror in 1897, Miles is in nineteen twenty-eight once with peep-hole method research ocular movement, and Han Xiangqian (1986) once used the ocular movement pattern of electronics eyeball cruising control meter record 250 university students's fixation movement pendulums.To deepening constantly of ocular movement research, there is many research methoies, respectively have its pluses and minuses: (1) direct observational method: with the naked eye directly observe tested ocular movement situation, this is a kind of more original ocular movement laboratory method, lack quantizating index, subjective judgment is too strong.Or using common ruler rough measure, shortcoming is accurate not, and error is greater than 1mm.(2) mechanical recorder technique: comprise head pivot point lever method, Pneumatic method, cornea absorption ring method.Shortcoming is that device is complicated, and adjustment is got up pretty troublesome, and the accuracy of its experimental result is also lower.(3) electro-oculogram method: utilize the principle of electrode to measure the movement of eyeball, first four electrodes must be sticked respectively on the cortex of ocular vicinity upper and lower, left and right, when eyes are when mobile, electrode will produce different signals, again according to these different signals, judge oculomotor situation.Shortcoming is that this method by electrode paste on cortex, because cortex resistance can change gradually because using the continuous secretion of mediopellis cutin, must cause the instability of electric signal.(4) search coil method: the method utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to measure the movement of eyes, several induction coil is wrapped in the soft eyeglass of glue, and then soft eyeglass is worn on eyes, and add fixing magnetic field in eyes surrounding, when eyes are when mobile, soft eyeglass can be affected simultaneously, make the induction coil in eyeglass because of the change of magnetic fluxes, and produce different induction electromotive forces, then the change of foundation induction electromotive force carrys out the motion of record analysis eyeball.Shortcoming is the impact being easy to be subject to user research situation at that time, as the body constitution of tear secretory volume or allergy.In use in order to avoid the discomfort of eyes, while use, must constantly drip upper artificial tears.And this eyeglass is double-layer structural, also can affect one's power of vision.(5) infrared ray video-signal system method: utilize the method for image tracing to record eye motion situation.First must install an infrared light sources additional on CCD side, and this infrared light sources is radiated at eyes surrounding, and then by the adjustment of CCD camera lens to mid-eye position.When eyes are when mobile, CDD ceaselessly extracts eyes image, then image is done the analysis of image through computer, and the maximum advantage of the method to calculate the position of pupil movement and the size of pupil.Shortcoming operates comparatively complexity, higher to computer disposal rate request.(6) Purkinje image tracing method (Dural-purkinje-image, DPI) be utilize when light is through eyeball tissue, due to the difference of each tissue refractive index of eyes, produce the reflected image of light source, the image of these light sources is referred to as Purkinje-image, usually can observe four group images.Wherein the first Purkinje-image is the surface of source reflection air before cornea and eyeball, 4th kind of Purkinje-image is the surface reflected in crystalline lens and eyeball inside, other 2 kinds of Purkinje-image, because volume reflection is too little, ignore usually.This method detects the first and the 4th kind of Purkinje-image to check oculomotor situation.Shortcoming is that observational technique is complicated, requires high to surrounding.(7) infrared ray ocular movement figure method (Infra-redOculography, IROG) utilizes infrared light sources in the reflection differences at cornea edge, detects ocular movement situation.This method first will by several infrared light sources LED and infrared receiver framework together, then iris surrounding is radiated at fixed angle, because black iris reflex effect is very low, most light can be absorbed, and white sclera part almost can be reflected by infrared ray completely, this method characteristic will detect ocular movement successively.(8) corneal reflection method: the characteristic of the virtual image utilizing anterior corneal surface to be formed movement with eyeball rotation, detects the position of image in real time, can obtain ocular movement signal through signal processing, but is subject to the impact of slow drift component in ocular movement.(9) electroencephalography: utilize the relation between ocular movement and brain wave change, indirectly analyze ocular movement from the change of brain wave, shortcoming accurately to set up the contact between ocular movement and brain wave.
Above method all can detect the amplitude of ocular movemeut from different perspectives, electro-oculogram method, mechanical recorder technique, corneal reflection method, electroencephalography etc. lack specificity, data are subject to extraneous factor impact, and accurately can not react the ocular movemeut amplitude of variation for the treatment of Patients Before And After.The instrument and equipment such as infrared ray video-signal system method, infrared ray ocular movement figure method, Purkinje image tracing method conventional in current scientific research is expensive, operational maintenance is complicated, and operation easier is large, personnel generally without professional training are difficult to grasp, single testing cost is more expensive on the other hand, adds additional the medical total value burden of patient.
The measurement of pupil is many is clinically measured by range estimation or ruler or pupil comparison chi, and the impact of tested person person's vision, subjective judgment is too large.Therefore, in clinical position, doctor is mostly by estimating or comment patient to feel the situation of change after judging ocular movemeut before the treatment, and also have part doctor to use common ruler rough measure movable amplitude, result is inaccuracy very.Therefore, a kind of easy, comparatively accurate, practical ocular movemeut amplitude and pupil diameter dip stick confession doctor routine use is badly in need of.
Summary of the invention
The present invention carries out for solving the problem, and provides a kind of for doctor's multifunctional ruler for measuring ocular movemeut amplitude and pupil diameter used in everyday, and have employed following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of multifunctional ruler measuring ocular movemeut amplitude and pupil diameter, have: the first dip stick, end points and certain point middle at two ends are designated as A point, D point and O point respectively; Second dip stick, is rotationally connected at O point with the first dip stick, shorter than the first dip stick, and the end points at its two ends and mid point are designated as B point, C point and M point respectively, can doubling at M point; Magnifier, edge part is connected with the B point of the second dip stick, in the same plane with the second dip stick, and its centre dot is designated as F point; Slide, the C point level connection joint of edge part and the second dip stick, in the same plane with the second dip stick, its centre dot is designated as G point; And from the type chi that declines that contracts, comprise rule and shell, shell is connected to the D point of the first dip stick, and the initial end of rule is removably connected to the G point place of slide, for measuring the movable amplitude of eyeball.AO section and the FO section of the first dip stick are isometric, OD section and GO section isometric, the length of the AO section of the first dip stick and OD section is than being 1:3 ~ 4, preferred 1:4; Second dip stick is after the doubling of M point, and the F point of magnifier and the G point of slide overlap, and the surface of slide is provided with a plurality of concentric design and the labelling of interval preset space length, for measuring pupil diameter.
Further, this dip stick also comprises grooving, and be arranged at the M point place of the second dip stick, width is slightly wider than the width of the second dip stick, thickness is slightly larger than the thickness after the second dip stick doubling, and the BM section and the CM that are provided for the second dip stick are on same straight line or with form of straight lines overlap.
Further, the length of the first dip stick is 15cm, width is 5mm, thickness is 1.5mm; The BO segment length of the second dip stick is the length of 2.5cm, OC section is 11.5cm, width and thickness identical with described first dip stick.
Further, slide is circular non-opaque plastic sheet, identical with the diameter of described magnifier, be 1cm, this circular non-opaque plastic sheet is provided with concentric circles astragal, and the radius of inner side astragal is 0.5mm, 0.5mm is spaced apart between adjacent two astragals, the number of astragal is 20, and often adjacent four is one group, and the color of four astragals sets gradually as red, green, blue and yellow.
Further, the centre dot G place of circular non-opaque plastic sheet is provided with projection, and " 0 " scale place of rule arranges porose, hangs in projection.Rule is from described " 0 " scale, and its scale interval is 0.5mm, and overall length is 30mm.On rule from " 0 " scale, at interval of 2mm, be marked with round dot at corresponding scale place, the number of round dot is 15, and often adjacent four round dots are one group, are divided into four groups, and the color of four groups sets gradually as red, green, blue and yellow.
In addition, present invention also offers the method adopting the ocular movemeut amplitude of multifunctional ruler to patient to measure, comprise following steps:
Step one, is connected the first dip stick at O point with the second dip stick, makes two dip sticks be X-type; Step 2, movable eyeball, to amplitude peak, adopts the first dip stick to side to advise patient, makes its A point aim at endocanthion or the outer canthus of Ipsilateral eye; Step 3, adopts magnifier to observe iris, makes the F of magnifier point be positioned at inner edge or the outer most edge of iris; Step 4, according to geometry scaling principle, adopts the spacing between rule acquisition A point and F point, obtains ocular movemeut amplitude data.
In addition, present invention also offers the method adopting the pupil diameter of multifunctional ruler to patient to measure, comprise following steps: step one, by the second dip stick in the doubling of M point, the F point of magnifier and the G point of slide are overlapped; Step 2, aims at pupil by slide, and the edge part of pupil and the position relationship of astragal are displayed; Step 3, adopts magnifier to read the scale mark of slide, obtains the diameter data of pupil.
Invention effect and effect
The invention provides the multifunctional ruler of a kind of ocular movemeut amplitude for measuring and pupil diameter, the measurement of ocular movemeut amplitude is carried out by the scaling principle in geometry, the measurement of pupil diameter is carried out by magnifier, multifunctional ruler of the present invention is avoided on the one hand use common ruler, by range estimation or with patient feel to carry out to estimate caused error comparatively greatly, the coarse problem of result, on the other hand, the problem that audit program is complicated, testing cost is higher and operation easier is larger using fine measuring instrument to bring is avoided.The precision of test result can be ensured, the testing cost of patient can be reduced again.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Structural representation when Fig. 1 is multifunctional ruler of the present invention measurement ocular movemeut amplitude;
Structural representation when Fig. 2 is multifunctional ruler of the present invention measurement pupil diameter.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Structural representation when Fig. 1 is the multifunctional ruler measurement ocular movemeut amplitude of the present embodiment;
As shown in Figure 1, multifunctional ruler 100 comprises the first dip stick 1, second dip stick 2, magnifier 3, slide 4 and the type chi 5 that declines that certainly contracts.First dip stick 1 intersects with the second dip stick 2 and is connected, and magnifier 3 and slide 4 lay respectively at the two ends of the second dip stick 2.
The end points at the first dip stick 1 two ends is designated as A point and D point respectively; Second dip stick 2 and the first dip stick isometric, the end points at two ends and mid point are respectively B point, C point and M point, can doubling at M point, are rotationally connected at O point with the first dip stick.
The edge part of magnifier 3 and the B point level connection joint of the second dip stick 2, centre dot is designated as F; The C point level connection joint of slide 4 edge part and the second dip stick 2, centre dot is designated as G.Magnifier 3 and slide 4 are arranged along M point symmetry, and when the second dip stick 2 is in the doubling of M point, F point and G point overlap just.In the present embodiment, for the ease of using, the centre dot F point of magnifier 3 and slide 4 and G point all carry out labelling with red point.
Slide 4 is a circular non-opaque plastic sheet, and diameter is 1cm, is provided with concentric circular sample astragal, and from diameter 0.5mm, every 0.5mm increases by a circle astragal, until maximum astragal diameter 10mm, amounts to 20 circles.Astragal color is arranged according to red, green, blue, yellow successively.
AO section and the FO section of the first dip stick are isometric, and the length of AO section and OD section is than being 1:3 ~ 4, preferred 1:4.The length of the first dip stick 1 is 15cm, width is 5mm, thickness is 1.5mm, and the BO segment length of the second dip stick is preferably 2.5cm, and the length of OC section is 11.5cm, width and thickness identical with the first dip stick 1.Magnifier 3 is identical with the diameter of slide 4, is 1cm.
To decline type chi 5 from contracting, comprise rule 52 and hold the shell 51 of described rule, shell 51 is connected to the D point of the first dip stick, and " 0 " scale place of rule is removably connected to the G point place of slide 4.Rule 52 initial end is provided with small sircle hole, and G point place is provided with projection, and rule 52 is enclosed in projection by small sircle hole, and realization removably connects with slide 4.Rule 52 overall length 30mm, its scale starts every 0.5mm mark from 0, indicates a dot labelling, totally 15 labellings above every 2mm scale.For ease of distinguishing, all labellings are divided into four groups, and often adjacent four round dots are labeled as one group, and the color often organized is arranged according to red, green, blue, yellow successively.
Fixing grooving 6 is arranged on M point place, and cover flute length 2cm, wide 5mm, dark 4cm, can be stuck on the second dip stick just, and when guaranteeing to measure, MB section and MC section are on same straight line.
Utilize the multifunctional ruler in Fig. 1 to measure the method for ocular movemeut amplitude, comprise following steps:
Step one, is connected the first dip stick 1 at O point with the second dip stick 2, make two dip sticks be X-type, and the ratio of AO section and OD section equals the ratio of FO section and OG section, is 1:4;
Step 2, movable eyeball, to amplitude peak, adopts the first dip stick 1 to side to advise patient, makes its A point aim at endocanthion or the outer canthus of Ipsilateral eye;
Step 3, adopt magnifier 3 to observe iris, make the centre dot F of magnifier 3 be positioned at inner edge or the outer most edge of iris, the spacing between AF is the movable amplitude data of eyeball;
Step 4, reads the spacing between GD by rule 52, and according to geometry scaling principle, AF:GD is 1:4, by GD spacing divided by 4, just obtains ocular movemeut amplitude data.
Structural representation when Fig. 2 is the multifunctional ruler measurement pupil diameter of the present embodiment.
As shown in Figure 2, the second dip stick 2 is after the doubling of M point, and the centre dot of magnifier 3 and slide 4 overlaps.At M point, place also arranges fixing grooving 6, and grooving 6 can be stuck on the second dip stick just, and when guaranteeing to measure, MB section is overlapping with form of straight lines with MC section.
Utilize the multifunctional ruler in Fig. 2 to measure the method for pupil diameter, comprise following steps:
Step one, the second dip stick 2 is in the doubling of M point, and the center origin F point of magnifier 3 and slide 4 and G point are overlapped, and now, two dip sticks are similar to T-shaped;
Step 2, is placed in above pupil by slide 4, and the position relationship of the edge part of pupil and astragal labelling is displayed;
Step 3, adopts magnifier 3 to read on slide 4 and between the scale mark that pupil edge is corresponding distance, obtains the diameter data of pupil.
In actual use, in order to use, can prepare two multifunctional rulers, one the version assembling of pressing in Fig. 1, for the measurement of ocular movemeut amplitude; Another presses the version assembling in Fig. 2, for the measurement of pupil diameter.
Embodiment effect and effect
Present embodiments provide the multifunctional ruler of a kind of ocular movemeut amplitude for measuring and pupil diameter, the measurement of ocular movemeut amplitude is carried out by the scaling principle in geometry, the measurement of pupil diameter is carried out by magnifier, the multifunctional ruler of the present embodiment is avoided on the one hand use common ruler, by range estimation or with patient feel to carry out to estimate caused error comparatively greatly, the coarse problem of result, on the other hand, the problem that audit program is complicated, testing cost is higher and operation easier is larger using fine measuring instrument to bring is avoided.The precision of test result can be ensured, the testing cost of patient can be reduced again.
The invention is not restricted to the scope of detailed description of the invention; to those skilled in the art; as long as various change to limit and in the spirit and scope of the present invention determined in described claim; these changes are apparent, and all innovation and creation utilizing the present invention to conceive are all at the row of protection.
Claims (10)
1. measure a multifunctional ruler for ocular movemeut amplitude and pupil diameter, it is characterized in that, have:
First dip stick, end points and certain point middle at described first dip stick two ends are designated as A point, D point and O point respectively;
Second dip stick, is rotationally connected at O point with described first dip stick, shorter than described first dip stick, and the end points at described second dip stick two ends and mid point are designated as B point, C point and M point respectively, and described second dip stick can doubling at M point;
Magnifier, edge part is connected with the B point of described second dip stick, in the same plane with described second dip stick, and its centre dot is designated as F point;
Slide, the C point level connection joint of edge part and described second dip stick, in the same plane with described second dip stick, its centre dot is designated as G point; And
To decline type chi from contracting, comprise rule and hold the shell of described rule, described shell is connected to the D point of described first dip stick, and the initial end of described rule is removably connected to the G point place of described slide, for measuring the movable amplitude of described eyeball,
Wherein, AO section and the FO section of described first dip stick are isometric, OD section and GO section isometric, the length of the AO section of described first dip stick and OD section than being 1:3 ~ 4,
Described second dip stick is after the doubling of M point, and the F point of described magnifier and the G point of described slide overlap, and the surface of described slide is provided with a plurality of concentric design and the labelling of interval preset space length, for measuring described pupil diameter.
2. the multifunctional ruler of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 1 and pupil diameter, is characterized in that, also comprise:
Grooving, be arranged at the M point place of described second dip stick, width is slightly wider than the width of described second dip stick, and thickness is slightly larger than the thickness after described second dip stick doubling, and the BM section and the CM that are provided for described second dip stick are on same straight line or with form of straight lines overlap.
3. the multifunctional ruler of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 1 and pupil diameter, is characterized in that:
Wherein, the AO section of described first dip stick and the length of OD section are than being 1:4.
4. the multifunctional ruler of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 1 and pupil diameter, is characterized in that:
Wherein, the length of described first dip stick is 15cm, width is 5mm, thickness is 1.5mm,
The BO segment length of described second dip stick is the length of 2.5cm, OC section is 11.5cm, the width of described second dip stick and thickness identical with described first dip stick.
5. the multifunctional ruler of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 1 and pupil diameter, is characterized in that:
Wherein, described slide is circular non-opaque plastic sheet, and described circular non-opaque plastic sheet is identical with the diameter of described magnifier, is 1cm,
Described circular non-opaque plastic sheet is provided with concentric circles astragal, and the radius of inner side astragal is 0.5mm, is spaced apart 0.5mm between adjacent two described astragals,
The number of described astragal is 20, and often adjacent four described astragals are one group, and the color of four described astragals sets gradually as red, green, blue and yellow.
6. the multifunctional ruler of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 5 and pupil diameter, is characterized in that:
Wherein, the centre dot G place of described circular non-opaque plastic sheet is provided with projection, and " 0 " scale place of described rule arranges porose, for hanging on described projection.
7. the multifunctional ruler of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 6 and pupil diameter, is characterized in that:
Wherein, described rule is from described " 0 " scale, and its scale interval is 0.5mm, and overall length is 30mm.
8. the multifunctional ruler of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 6 and pupil diameter, is characterized in that:
Wherein, on described rule from described " 0 " scale, at interval of 2mm, be marked with round dot at corresponding scale place,
The number of described round dot is 15, and often adjacent four described round dots are one group, are divided into four groups, and the color of described four groups sets gradually as red, green, blue and yellow.
9. the method adopting the ocular movemeut amplitude of multifunctional ruler to patient of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 1 and pupil diameter to measure, is characterized in that having following steps:
Step one, is connected described first dip stick at O point with described second dip stick, makes two described dip sticks be X-type;
Step 2, movable eyeball, to amplitude peak, adopts described first dip stick to side to advise patient, makes its A point aim at endocanthion or the outer canthus of Ipsilateral eye;
Step 3, adopts described magnifier to observe iris, makes the F of described magnifier point be positioned at inner edge or the outer most edge of described iris;
Step 4, according to geometry scaling principle, adopts described rule to obtain spacing between described A point and described F point, obtains ocular movemeut amplitude data.
10. the method adopting the pupil diameter of multifunctional ruler to patient of measurement ocular movemeut amplitude according to claim 1 and pupil diameter to measure, is characterized in that having following steps:
Step one, by described second dip stick in the doubling of M point, makes the G point of the F of described magnifier point and described slide overlap;
Step 2, aims at described pupil by described slide, and the position relationship of the edge part of described pupil and described astragal is displayed;
Step 3, adopts described magnifier to read the scale mark of described slide, obtains the diameter data of described pupil.
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