CN105072588B - The multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear is protected without error correction - Google Patents
The multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear is protected without error correction Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/06—Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
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- H04W72/1221—Wireless traffic scheduling based on age of data to be sent
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method for multicasting AnalogCast that a kind of completely new full linear is protected without error correction.This method includes：In transmitting terminal, decorrelation transformation, the piecemeal based on L shape and data are carried out to multi-medium data and are stretched, whitening transformation and the intertexture based on group of pictures (GoP), the radio communication channel for the linear modulation protected by no error correction are transmitted.It in receiving terminal, deinterleaves to receiving data, highlighting, based on the stretching factor estimation for receiving data, the correctional gene model amendment based on fitting, reverse-drawing and anti-decorrelation convert.The present invention can obtain following advantage:(1) superior fairness.(2) " steep cliff " effect is not present in metadata transmission, possesses better robustness and transmission range.(3) without digital wing, computation complexity is reduced with memory overhead.(4) it is not necessarily to metadata to transmit, reduces bandwidth occupancy.(5) in the circuit of high packet loss, better image quality is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the multi-medium data groups that wireless multicast technology field more particularly to a kind of full linear are protected without error correction
Broadcasting method.
Background technology
Wireless multicast is the video broadcast service applied to different channels situation.There are short slabs for existing wireless multicast system
Effect, i.e., all recipients receive video video or picture that either the quality of picture is received with the worst recipient of channel
It is identical in quality.This short -board effect makes existing wireless multicast system that can not accomplish " justice " to all recipients.Together
When due to existing multi-cast system use de-redundancy picture compression method to be transmitted, cause during wireless transmission, pass
System wireless multicast system can not put up with the generation of packet drop, this situation for keeping conventional wireless multi-cast system violent in channel variation
Under, show very poor robustness.
Equally in satellite remote sensing picture field, due to giving the narrower bandwidth of picture transfer, so needing with higher pressure
Shrinkage is compressed to picture and (uses JPEG or JPEG2000), and high compression rate can cause picture to generate distortion, the i.e. peak of picture
It is worth signal-to-noise ratio to decline, due to having had been incorporated into loss during message sink coding.So in the case of transmission not packet loss, i.e.,
Channel situation is set to improve, transmission quality will not improve, and then waste channel and optimize the improvement brought.
Simultaneously for existing network system, the raising due to user for the demand of network service can make network
The crowded generation for causing packet loss phenomenon.In traditional images transmission mode, data source carries out nonlinear data compression first will
The larger data source compression of volume, is then transmitted by the channel encoder coding with forward error correction, once occurring
Loss of data, that is, packet loss phenomenon can make picture quality that larger decline occur, and cause image that can not see or unavailable, so
In high packet loss system, how the robustness of safeguards system also becomes system designer first as the key for influencing user experience
Problem needed to be considered.
The problem of existing research is mainly around practical application request, proposes some solutions or changes
Into algorithm.These technologies are mainly the method for having been used at information source and having removed entropy coding, will be in conventional wireless picture transmission method
Error propagation is transmitted caused by compressing due to information source to break.Enable to data source that can tolerate certain loss of data in this way
With error code, greatly improve system is in high packet loss and poor channel environments such as low signal-to-noise ratio environment, strong multi-path environment
System stability.These technologies use the communication technology for simulating (linear) modulation and (non-linear) modulation of number at channel,
So that transmission rate significantly improves.The biography of video or image data in a kind of wireless video multi-cast system in the prior art
Defeated mode is：Using uniform enconding mode, (2D-DCT is converted, energy at information source by Softcast (soft transmission plan), Softcast
Amount distribution, Hadamard transform) data and metadata are formed, using analog modulation communication system (except deprotection error correction at channel
With interweave etc. parts) transmission data, wing use QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation, orthogonal amplitude
Modulation) modulation communications system transmission metadata.
But the shortcomings that above-mentioned Softcast schemes in the prior art, is：
There are a railway digital wings for 1.Softcast schemes, will appear steep cliff effect down to a certain extent in bad channel quality
It answers, picture quality occurs and decline suddenly.
2. channel has digital wing and simulation main road, digital wing computing cost is larger.
3. metadata transmission occupies certain bandwidth.
4. under the channel circumstance of high packet loss, picture quality is to be improved.
Invention content
The embodiment provides the multi-medium data method of multicasting that a kind of full linear is protected without error correction, have to realize
Effect ground full linear transmits the multi-medium data protected without error correction.
To achieve the goals above, this invention takes following technical solutions.
A kind of multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear is protected without error correction, including：
In transmitting terminal, decorrelation transformation is carried out to multi-medium data：
The data that data after being converted to decorrelation divided based on block stretch；
Data block after being stretched to data carries out whitening transformation processing, to carrying out frame by whitening transformation treated data
Interior interleaving treatment, by intra-frame interleaving treated data chunk at data packet；
After carrying out analog-modulated to the data packet, launch.
Preferably, described in transmitting terminal, decorrelation transformation is carried out to multi-medium data, including：
Each frame of multi-medium data to be transmitted is independently separated, each frame image is then isolated into MN × MN
Bulk X, the bulk X translation 2 to each frame imageb-1, wherein b is image sampling depth, is carried out to the bulk X after translation whole
Frame decorrelation converts：
Y=Tr (x-2b-1)
Y is the bulk after being converted for decorrelation, and Tr is decorrelation transformation, and x is the picture element matrix of bulk.
Preferably, the data that the data after the transformation to decorrelation divided based on block stretch, including：
In transmitting terminal, the data that the multi-medium data after being converted to decorrelation carries out the division of the block based on L shape are drawn
It stretches, bulk is divided into the fritter of L shape according to the block dividing mode of setting, the length and width of each L blocks are definite value, each
The average energy λ of fritteri
Wherein λiIt is the average energy of each fritter, i represents the sequence of fritter, and chunknum is block number i.e. N, yi,kIt is big
K-th of data of i-th of fritter in block Y；
Stretching factor g is calculated by the average energy of each fritteri：
Wherein giIt is the stretching factor of each fritter, P is energy stretching factor, and i represents the sequence of fritter, then will be each small
Data in block are multiplied by respective stretching factor, the data block u after being stretchedi,j:
ui,j=gi.yi,j
Preferably, the data block after the stretching to data carries out whitening transformation processing, to being handled by whitening transformation
Rear data carry out intra-frame interleaving processing, by intra-frame interleaving treated data chunk at data packet, including：
In transmitting terminal, whitening transformation processing is carried out to the data block u after stretching, if H is whitening matrix, whitening transformation is such as
Under：
V=H.u.HT
Wherein v is by whitening transformation treated data；
To carrying out intra-frame interleaving by whitening transformation treated data, for the data in V according to respective positions into
Row classification, the data in frame are divided into according to position:Four kinds of A pixels, B pixels, C pixels and D pixels pixels, by each pixel
Random rearrangement is carried out, by the various pixel reorganizations after random rearrangement at data block；
For each frame of the multi-medium data, the decorrelation transformation is executed respectively, data stretch, whitening transformation
Processing and intra-frame interleaving processing, by the completion intra-frame interleaving of all frames treated data chunk at GoP, then by the one of GoP
A layer is packaged into a data packet.
Preferably, the data by frame are divided into according to position:Four kinds of A pixels, B pixels, C pixels and D pixels pictures
Element, including：
The pixel of first position of the first row of whitening transformation treated bulk is determined as A pixels, next pixel
For B pixels, next one pixel is C pixels, next one pixel is D pixels, and so on complete the pixel definition of a line；
It is started with D pixels in first pixel of the second row, next pixel is A pixels, next one pixel is B pixels,
Next one pixel be C pixels, and so on complete two rows pixel definition；
It is started with C pixels in first pixel of the third line, next pixel is D pixels, next one pixel is A pixels,
Next one pixel be B pixels, and so on complete three rows pixel definition；
It is started with B pixels in first pixel of fourth line, next pixel is C pixels, next one pixel is D pixels,
Next one pixel be A pixels, and so on complete four rows pixel definition；
After, dividing condition and the first row, the second row, the third of the location of pixels of the data in the frame of every four row
Row is identical with the dividing condition of the location of pixels of fourth line.
Preferably, after the progress analog-modulated to the data packet, launch, including：
Data in the data packet are encoded into data frame by physical layer, and simulation tune is carried out to the data frame
A real number in the data frame is mapped to I vectors by system, another real number is mapped to Q vector, by the number after analog-modulated
Launch according to frame.
Preferably, the method further includes：
In receiving terminal, the entire packet received is formed into GoP, then GoP is resolved into the corresponding data of I data frame
Block；
Each corresponding data block of data frame includes various pixels after resetting, according to preset pixel
Reordering rule, the pixel after various types are upset is restored, then resets in respective positions, and it is corresponding white to obtain each data frame
Change the data after transformation；
Whitening transformation is carried out to the data after the corresponding whitening transformation of each data frame to handle, to removing whitening transformation
Data that treated carry out drawing coefficient estimation；
According to the drawing coefficient estimated whitening transformation is removed to described treated that data carry out data stretch processing, it is right
It goes the data after data stretch processing to carry out anti-decorrelation transformation, obtains the multi-medium data that the transmitting terminal is sent.
Preferably, the data after the corresponding whitening transformation to each data frame carry out at whitening transformation
Reason, data that treated to removing whitening transformation carry out drawing coefficient estimation and include：
In receiving terminal drawing coefficient g is carried out after carrying out whitening transformation processing to multi-medium dataiEstimation, calculating connect
Receive the small average energy in the block of data L-type：
WhereinIt is the average energy for receiving data L-type fritter, i is fritter sequence number；It is the data received, i is
Fritter sequence number, k are k-th of data in fritter, and chunknum is first prime number in fritter；
BecauseSo having：
WhereinIt is the average energy of small block data after reverse-drawing, i is fritter sequence,It is the data after reverse-drawing, k
It is k-th of data in fritter, chunknum is first prime number in fritter, obtains following relationship：
Drawing coefficientEstimation formulas it is as follows：
WhereinIt is drawing coefficient, i is fritter sequence.
Preferably, the drawing coefficient that the basis estimates removes whitening transformation treated that data count to described
According to stretch processing, including：
In receiving terminal, multi-medium data is carried out in drawing coefficient giAfter estimation, carry out to data convergence factor meanLInto
Row calculates, and calculates the average amplitude of each fritter
The data convergence factor meanLFor average amplitude the putting down except former M+1~2M fritter of preceding 1~M fritter
Equal amplitude, data convergence factor meanLCalculation formula it is as follows：
In physical layer level estimation channel SNR and computing system packet loss PLR, by channel SNR, packet loss PLR and number
According to convergence factor meanLCalculate modifying factorWithCalculating error caused by for correcting noise,For correcting
Calculating error caused by packet loss；
Following formula is to calculate modifying factorWithCorrection model:
WhereinIt is the estimation mistake that the noise repair factor mainly repairs the stretching factor caused by noise,It is packet loss
Reparative factor mainly repairs the estimation mistake of the stretching factor caused by packet loss.I is fritter sequence number, and MCHUNK is small block number,
round(MCHUNK)<NUM<MCHUNK.Wherein C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, parameter are obtained by many experiments.
Obtain modifying factorWithLater, reverse-drawing is carried out in conjunction with stretching factor, formula is as follows：
WhereinIt is the data after the decorrelation of estimation changes, i is fritter sequence, and j is small j-th of data in the block；It is the data after albefaction, i is fritter sequence, and j is small j-th of data in the block；P is that energy parameter receiver is local
Know.
Preferably, described to going the data after data stretch processing to carry out anti-decorrelation transformation, obtain the transmission
The multi-medium data sent is held, including：
In receiving terminal, anti-decorrelation transformation carried out to the whole frames of data matrix Y after data reverse-drawing, then by anti-decorrelation
Property transformation after data matrix carry out b depth anti-translation, obtain chunk dataFormula is as follows：
Wherein x is estimation picture element matrix.
Above-mentioned processing procedure is repeated, by the bulk picture element matrix X of I obtained M × M, by all bulk pixels
Matrix X is spliced, and the multi-medium data of transmitting terminal transmission is obtained.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of all fronts it can be seen from the technical solution that embodiments of the invention described above provide
Property the multi-medium datas such as the video/picture protected without error correction of transmission transmission method, obtain following advantage:(1) superior justice
Property.(2) " steep cliff " effect is not present in metadata transmission, possesses better robustness and transmission range.(3) no digital wing,
Computation complexity is reduced with memory overhead.(4) it is not necessarily to metadata to transmit, reduces bandwidth occupancy.(5) in the circuit of high packet loss
In, obtain better image quality.
The additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, these will become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without having to pay creative labor, other are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is being carried out in method of the completely new full linear without error correction protection transmission to multi-medium data for the embodiment of the present invention
The processing flow schematic diagram of coded excitation part；
Fig. 2 is being carried out in method of the completely new full linear without error correction protection transmission to multi-medium data for the embodiment of the present invention
Receive the processing flow schematic diagram of decoded portion；
Fig. 3 is the system block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the analog-modulated schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the GoP weaving diagrams of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram based on L shape piecemeal of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the hardware system structure schematic diagram of the coded excitation part of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the hardware system structure schematic diagram of the reception decoded portion of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the software flow pattern of the coded excitation part of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is the software flow pattern of the reception decoded portion of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 is the software radio architectural configurations figure of the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the ASIC implementation flow charts of the AnalogCast baseband systems of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail, the example of the embodiment is shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning
Same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions are indicated to same or similar label eventually.Below by ginseng
The embodiment for examining attached drawing description is exemplary, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is a ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
It refers to there are the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component, but it is not excluded that presence or addition to take leave " comprising "
Other one or more features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their group.It should be understood that when we claim member
Part is " connected " or when " coupled " to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be
Intermediary element.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " may include being wirelessly connected or coupling.Wording used herein
"and/or" includes any cell of one or more associated list items and all combines.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific terminology) there is meaning identical with the general understanding of the those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, which should be understood that, to be had and the meaning in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, will not be with idealizing or the meaning of too formal be explained.
For ease of the understanding to the embodiment of the present invention, done further by taking several specific embodiments as an example below in conjunction with attached drawing
Explanation, and each embodiment does not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment one
This embodiment offers a kind of process flow such as Fig. 1 for the multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear is protected without error correction
Shown including following processing step：
Step 1 independently separates each frame of multi-medium data to be transmitted, then isolates into each frame image
The bulk X of MN × MN.
Step 2, the bulk X translations 2 to each frame imageb-1, wherein b is image sampling depth, the bulk after then translating
Carry out whole frame decorrelation transformation：
Y=Tr (x-2b-1)
Y is the bulk after being converted for decorrelation, and Tr is decorrelation transformation, and x is the picture element matrix of bulk.
Above-mentioned decorrelation transformation can concentrate on the big energy of image (or referred to as information) in smaller area, go phase
Karhunen-Loeve transformation, dct transform, DST transformation, DWT transformation etc. can be used by closing transformation
Step 3, in order to obtain best error protection capability, it is necessary to carry out data stretching.For the bulk Y after transformation
The block based on L shape is carried out to divide and data stretching.Bulk is divided into the fritter of N number of L shape, as shown in Fig. 6.Each L
The length of shape is identical as wide length, and fritter dividing mode is locally located in receiving terminal in advance.
Step 4 after determining fritter division, next calculates the average energy λ of each fritteri
Wherein λiIt is the average energy of each fritter, i represents the sequence of fritter, and chunknum is block number i.e. N, yi,kIt is big
I-th of fritter in block Y, k-th of data.
The profile information of image has been concentrated in low frequency part, the detailed information of image has been concentrated in high frequency section so that figure
As having the ability of certain protection mistake.
Step 5, the energy parameter P (receiver is locally known) for determining each fritter calculate stretching factor giParameter：
Wherein giIt is the stretching factor of each fritter, i represents the sequence of fritter.The data in each fritter are multiplied by respectively again
The self stretch factor, the data u after being stretchedi,j:
ui,j=gi.yi,j
Data stretch the anti-noise ability that can improve system.
Step 6 carries out anti-dropout processing in transmitting terminal after carrying out data stretching to multi-medium data.It is to make first
The importance for obtaining information in block is identical, this will carry out data block whitening processing, and such as anti-decorrelation converts, Wo Shi-hada
Hadamard transform etc..If H is whitening matrix, whitening transformation is as follows：
V=H.u.HT
Wherein V is the data after whitening transformation, this makes the anti-packet loss ability of system enhance.
Step 7, after whitening transformation, the position correlation of data still has certain reservation, next to pass through
Data after whitening processing carry out intra-frame interleaving, are classified according to respective positions for the data in V.By the data in frame
It is divided into according to position:A pixels, B pixels, C pixels, D pixels.As shown in attached drawing 5 (a),
The pixel of first position of the first row of whitening transformation treated bulk is determined as A pixels, next pixel
For B pixels, next one pixel is C pixels, next one pixel is D pixels, and so on complete the pixel definition of a line.
It is started with D pixels in first pixel of the second row, next pixel is A pixels, next one pixel is B pixels,
Next one pixel be C pixels, and so on complete two rows pixel definition.
It is started with C pixels in first pixel of the third line, next pixel is D pixels, next one pixel is A pixels,
Next one pixel be B pixels, and so on complete three rows pixel definition.
It is started with B pixels in first pixel of fourth line, next pixel is C pixels, next one pixel is D pixels,
Next one pixel be A pixels, and so on complete four rows pixel definition.
After, dividing condition and above-mentioned the first row, the second row, the third of the location of pixels of the data in the frame of every four row
Row is identical with the dividing condition of the location of pixels of fourth line.That is the dividing condition of the location of pixels of the 5th row is identical with the first row, the
The dividing condition of the location of pixels of 6 rows is identical with the second row, and the dividing condition of the location of pixels of the 7th row is identical with the third line, and the 8th
The dividing condition of capable location of pixels is identical with fourth line.The rest may be inferred ....
Each pixel is carried out shown in random rearrangement such as attached drawing 5 (b) again, random rearrangement mode receiver is locally known.
The position correlation of data is eliminated.The various pixels reset are reassembled into long data block according to attached drawing 5 (c), are completed in frame
Interweave.
Step 8 repeats 2~7 step I times, for each frame of the multi-medium data, executes the decorrelation respectively
Transformation, data stretch, whitening transformation processing and intra-frame interleaving are handled.
Sometimes packet loss can occur suddenly, i.e. Burst loss.Packet loss can become very high whithin a period of time, in order to smoothly dash forward
The packet loss of hair, the present invention are resisted using the method that interframe interweaves, by the completion intra-frame interleaving of all frames treated data
Block composition GoP (picture group) rearranges three-dimensional matrice and sees attached drawing 5 (d) that is, by the chunk data of several frame intra-frame interleavings.
Then, a layer of GoP is packaged into a data packet.As shown in attached drawing 5 (d).
Step 9 is encoded into number to data packet after carrying out data packing to multi-medium data in transmitting terminal by physical layer
Analog-modulated is carried out according to frame, and to data frame.As shown in attached drawing 4 (a) i.e. by two real numbers in data frame be respectively mapped to I with
The characteristics of Q, this mapping is when transmitter is close with receiver, the complex vector located and complex vector located spacing received of transmitting
Close (such as attached drawing 4 (b)), the complex vector located and complex vector located spacing received emitted when transmitter and receiver are apart from each other
Far (such as attached drawing 4 (c)).Only Q vector need to be mapped to another by I DUAL PROBLEMS OF VECTOR MAPPINGs at a real number when analog demodulator
Real number.It is modulated compared to QPSK/QAM, coding and decoding are relatively simple, and computing resource is saved compared to digital modulation.
The data frame received is decoded and is remapped to data packet by step 10.
Step 11 receives whole data packets, by the data packet group received at GoP, then GoP is resolved into I data
The corresponding data block of frame.
Step 12, the corresponding data block of each data frame include various pixels after resetting, according to setting in advance
Fixed pixel reordering rule, the pixel after various types are upset is restored, then resets in respective positions, obtains each data frame
Data v after corresponding whitening transformation.
Step 13, for the data after the whitening transformation that receivesWe have：
Demodulated to obtain the data after the solution albefaction of each small data block
DataIt is influenced by interchannel noise.
Step 14 carries out drawing coefficient g in receiving terminal to multi-medium data progress after going albefactioniEstimation.First
It calculates and receives data L-type small data average energy μ in the blocki, calculation formula is as follows：
WhereinIt is the average energy for receiving data L-type fritter, i is fritter sequence number；It is the data received, i is
Fritter sequence number, k are k-th of data in fritter.Chunknum is first prime number in fritter.
Step 15, becauseWe have simultaneously：
WhereinIt is the average energy of small block data after reverse-drawing, i is fritter sequence.It is the data after reverse-drawing, i
It is fritter sequence, k is k-th of data in fritter, and chunknum is first prime number in fritter.Then, we can obtain following
Relationship：
Thus we can obtain drawing coefficient estimation：
WhereinIt is drawing coefficient, i is fritter sequence.
Step 16 is estimated to receive channel SNR (Signal Noise Ratio, signal-to-noise ratio) by channel physical layer.
Step 17, in receiving terminal, drawing coefficient g is carried out to multi-medium dataiAfter estimation, carry out to data convergence factor
meanLIt is calculated.The average amplitude of each fritter is calculated first
Wherein i is the sequence number of fritter, and chunknum is the data amount check of the fritter.
Step 18, then, the present invention defines data convergence factor meanLIt is removed in the past for the average amplitude of preceding 1~M fritter
The average amplitude of M+1~2M fritter.Shown in i.e. following formula.Data convergence factor meanLBigger expression decorrelation transformation
Energy accumulating degree it is higher, the anti-noise ability of the bulk is better.
Pass through average amplitudeCalculate data convergence factor meanL, the average amplitude of preceding 1~M fritter except former M+1~
The average amplitude of 2M fritter:
meanLData are bigger to indicate that the compressed capability of decorrelation transformation is stronger.
Step 19 estimates channel SNR (Signal Noise Ratio, signal-to-noise ratio) and computing system in physical layer level
PLR (Packet Loss Ra-tio, packet loss), wherein 0<PLR<1.
Step 20, in receiving terminal, multi-medium data is carried out in data convergence factor meanLAfter calculating, it is modified
The estimation of the factor.In physical layer level estimation channel SNR and computing system packet loss PLR.By channel SNR, packet loss PLR with
Data convergence factor meanLCalculate modifying factor.Because being influenced by interchannel noise, the average energy estimation of bulk can be bigger than normal,
Cause stretching factor estimation less than normal.Simultaneously because packet loss influences, portion of energy can be caused to lose, the average energy of bulk is caused to be estimated
Meter can be less than normal, causes stretching factor estimation bigger than normal.
The embodiment of the present invention introduces modifying factor to correct noise and calculating error caused by packet loss.For correcting noise
Caused calculating error.Calculating error caused by for correcting packet loss.There can be selection for different system estimations:It is right
Amendment is not used in the system for only existing low noise and low packet loss；The system for only existing strong noise is only usedIt corrects；It is right
It is only used in the system for only existing high packet lossIt corrects；Two kinds are used simultaneously for existing simultaneously strong noise and the system of high packet loss
It corrects.
Modifying factor is calculated by the correction model based on fittingWithWherein C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7,
C8, C9, parameter are obtained by many experiments.
WhereinIt is the noise repair factor, the main estimation mistake for repairing the stretching factor caused by noise,It is packet loss
Reparative factor, the main estimation mistake for repairing the stretching factor caused by packet loss.I is fritter sequence number, and MCHUNK is small block number,
round(MCHUNK)<NUM<MCHUNK。
Step 21 after obtaining modifying factor, carries out data reverse-drawing, formula is as follows in conjunction with stretching factor：
WhereinIt is the data matrix after the data reverse-drawing estimated, i is fritter sequence, and j is small j-th of number in the block
According to；It is the data after albefaction, i is fritter sequence, and j is small j-th of data in the block；P is that energy parameter receiver is local
It is known.
Step 22 carries out the whole frame of data matrix Y after data reverse-drawing anti-decorrelation transformation, then by anti-decorrelation
Data matrix after transformation carries out the anti-translation of b depth, obtains chunk dataFormula is as follows：
WhereinIt is estimation picture element matrix, ITr is decorrelation transformation,It is the data square after the data reverse-drawing estimated
Battle array.
Step 23 repeats 10~20.By the bulk picture element matrix X of I obtained M × M, the bulk that next will have been estimated
Picture element matrix X is spliced, the image that can be restored, and obtains the multi-medium data of transmitting terminal transmission.
Embodiment two
FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array, field programmable gate array)+DSP (digital
Signal processing, Digital Signal Processing) realization method：Since there are the needs of video real time codec (especially to connect
Receive decoded portion), FPGA+DSP realization methods become very necessary.The realization of the program is divided into coded excitation and receives decoding
Two parts, system block diagram are shown in attached drawing 8, are realized on two pieces of Xilinx KC705FPGA development boards respectively.
Big block size is in this implementation, while MN=1024.Communication system is using ofdm system realization, energy
Parameter P determines that randomly ordered self-defined using seed, decorrelation is transformed to reference to frame structure and specified transmission power
2D-DCT is converted, fritter number N=1024, and M=20 in data Aggregation computation, whitening transformation uses Wo Shi-Hadamard transform, repaiies
Holotype shape parameter following C1=1, C2=0.9, C3=0.8, C4=10, C5=1.36, C6=31.2, C6=0.115, C7=
4.66, MCHUNK=1024, NUM=900.Specific implementation is as follows：
1.1) the hardware system structure schematic diagram of the coded excitation part of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 7, coding hair
Penetrate the hardware components at end：By completely new AnalogCast coded excitations baseband module, microprocessor, Double Data Rate DDR (Dynamic
Random Access Memory, Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory), UART (Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter, universal asynchronous receiving-transmitting transmitter), (Inter-Integrated Circuit integrate electricity to IIC
Road bus), RF transceiving chips composition.Other modules collection in a manner of IP all in FPGA development boards wherein in addition to RF transceiving chips
At, and be mounted on system bus (hardware system figure is shown in attached drawing 7) by AXI interface protocols.Microprocessor is responsible for controlling base band
Module and peripheral hardware；Completely new AnalogCast coded excitation baseband modules are responsible for carrying out information source letter to the data that AXI buses are passed to
Road encodes；IIC is responsible for the communication and control of FPGA and RF transceiving chips；DDR is responsible for the read-write of data；Responsible pair of RF transceiving chips
The data that completely new AnalogCast coded excitation Base-Band Processings obtain carry out medium-high frequency processing and are emitted by antenna；UART is responsible for
It is communicated with the ends PC.
Completely new AnalogCast coded excitation baseband modules：It is divided into three parts：
Completely new AnalogCast message sink coding ends：Major function is the message sink coding of completely new AnalogCast.It utilizes
The HLS softwares carried in Xilinx Vivado FPGA design softwares are according to coding flow chart (see 1 message sink coding part of attached drawing)
Fixed point C code is write, then required verilog codes are obtained by HLS software synthesis.
Data converter：Function primarily as connecing for completely new AnalogCast message sink coding ends and linear OFDM transmitter
Mouthful.By the emission matrix exported to completely new AnalogCast message sink coding ends lattice are sent according to the data of linear OFDM transmitter
Formula input linear OFDM transmitters.The module is write using verilog language.
Linear OFDM transmitter：The hardware realization of linear OFDM channel codings.Function includes：Analog-modulated adds pilot tone,
PAPR processing, adding window, frame molding drop in IFFT.It is encoded and is realized using verilog.
RF radio frequency chips：Using the fmcomms1 chips of ADI, a kind of high-speed transceiver chip, FPGA receives and dispatches RF by IIC
Chip is controlled and communicates (configuration radio frequency parameter, sample rate, modules clock frequency etc.), and completely new AnalogCast is compiled
Code transmitting baseband provides the data and reference clock of radio-frequency transmissions by FMC interfaces.Fmcomms1 chips provide 400Mhz and arrive
4Ghz radio-frequency regions.The module is customized, is changed without any hardware by software with the frequency of wide scope, provides use
It is synchronized in GPS or IEEE1588, and there is MIMO config options.
Remaining IP：The IP carried using Xilinx.
1.2) software section is by burning .elf files to microprocessor, and by microprocessor control baseband module with
And the work of peripheral hardware, and real-time control is carried out by UART-PC.The software flow pattern of the coded excitation part of the embodiment of the present invention
As shown in Fig. 9：
Step 1：By iic bus drive RF communication chips be arranged rf frequency, sample frequency, each submodule clock,
And keep antenna in running order.
Step 2：By the completely new AnalogCast baseband modules of AXI bus drivers, completely new AnalogCast base band mould is told
BOB(beginning of block) works.
Step 3：Data are read from AXI buses DDR, completely new AnalogCast baseband modules are written.
Step 4：Repeat step 2~step 3.
Step 5：Halt system works if UART inputs command for stopping to MicroBlaze.
1.3) the hardware system structure schematic diagram of the reception decoded portion of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 8, receives solution
The hardware components at code end：Decoding baseband module, microprocessor, Double Data Rate synchronous dynamic random are received by completely new AnalogCast
Memory (DDR), universal asynchronous receiving-transmitting transmitter (UART), IIC, RF transceiving chips composition, wherein in addition to RF transceiving chips
Other modules are integrated all in FPGA in a manner of IP, and are mounted on system bus by AXI interface protocols that (hardware system figure is shown in
Attached drawing 8).Microprocessor is responsible for controlling baseband module and peripheral hardware work；It is negative that completely new AnalogCast receives decoding baseband module
It blames and signal source channel decoding is carried out to the data that RF chips are sent into；IIC is responsible for the communication and control that FPGA and RF receives chip；DDR
It is responsible for the read-write of data；RF receives chip and receives source signal, and obtained aerial signal is carried out digital-to-analogue conversion and carrier wave tune
A series of medium-high frequency processing such as system are sent into completely new AnalogCast and receive decoding baseband module；UART is responsible for communicating with the ends PC.
Completely new AnalogCast receives decoding baseband module：It is divided into three parts：
1. linear OFDM receiver：The decoded hardware realization of linear OFDM channels.Function includes：Interblock interference, carrier wave are mended
It repays, sign synchronization, FFT, channel estimation, excess phase compensation, pilot tone, analog-modulated are gone in sampling compensation.It is compiled using verilog
Code is realized.
2. data converter：Function primarily as completely new AnalogCast source codings end and linear OFDM receiver
Interface.The interface receives data packet and composition receiving matrix from linear OFDM receiver, by receiving matrix according to completely new
The requirement of AnalogCast source coding end data formats is sent into completely new AnalogCast source codings end and carries out data processing.It should
Module is write using verilog language.
3. completely new AnalogCast source codings end：Implementation method identical with completely new AnalogCast message sink coding ends,
Using the HLS softwares carried in Xilinx Vivado FPGA design softwares according to decoding process figure (see 2 source coding portion of attached drawing
Point) fixed point C code is write, then required verilog codes are obtained by HLS software synthesis.
RF radio frequency chips：Use the chip as transmitter.
Remaining IP：The IP carried using Xilinx.
1.4) software section by burning .elf files to microprocessor by microprocessor control baseband module and
The work of peripheral hardware, and real-time control is carried out by UART-PC.The software flow pattern of the reception decoded portion of the embodiment of the present invention is such as
Shown in attached drawing 10, including：
Step 1：By iic bus drive RF communication chips be arranged rf frequency, sample frequency, each submodule clock,
And keep antenna in running order.
Step 2：By the completely new AnalogCast baseband modules of AXI bus drivers, base band is told to start to work.
Step 3：Observe whether completely new AnalogCast baseband systems work by the working signal of AXI buses, if not
Work, then indicate that the data stored in DDR are effective.And it again through the completely new AnalogCast baseband modules of AXI bus drivers, accuses
It tells that base band is started to work, repeats step 3.
Step 4：It is stopped if UART has informed termination signal.
Embodiment three
2)：Software radio realization method：
Big block size is in this implementation, while MN=1024.Communication system is using ofdm system realization, energy
Parameter P determines that randomly ordered self-defined using seed, decorrelation is transformed to reference to frame structure and specified transmission power
2D-DCT is converted, fritter number N=1024, and M=20 in data Aggregation computation, whitening transformation uses Wo Shi-Hadamard transform, repaiies
Holotype shape parameter following C1=1, C2=0.9, C3=0.8, C4=10, C5=1.36, C6=31.2, C6=0.115, C7=
4.66, MCHUNK=1024, NUM=900.System block diagram is shown in attached drawing 3, and specific implementation is as follows：
Message source and channel encoding and decoding are completed in PC machine by software Matlab, and high-speed digital video camera is received with RF transmittings
It is completed on USRP N210 motherboards.The software radio architectural configurations figure of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 11, hardware components：
By PC machine, software radio development board, RF radio frequency chips composition.
2.1) PC machine：By Matlab software architectures completely new AnalogCast source encoding and decodings end, linear OFDM channels are compiled
Decoding end.
2.2) software radio development board：Using a Software Radio platform for being called GUNRadio, USRP N210 are female
Plate is responsible for high-speed digital video camera (digital-to-analogue/analog-to-digital conversion, Digital up and down convert etc.).
2.3) RF radio frequency chips：RFX2400 chips provide the carrier modulation and demodulation function of 2.4Ghz.
Software section：Software section is mainly the base band encoding and decoding of message source and channel, mainly passes through Matlab in PC machine
Software programming code is realized, including completely new AnalogCast system codings and decoding, the channel coding of coded data receive data
Synchronization and decoding.The channel coding of wherein completely new AnalogCast system codings and data belongs to coded excitation flow, entirely
New AnalogCast systems decoding belongs to coded excitation flow with the synchronous and decoding for receiving data.Coded excitation flow chart is shown in
Attached drawing 1 receives decoding process figure and sees attached drawing 2.
Example IV
3)：ASIC realization methods：
Big block size is in this implementation, while MN=1024.Communication system is using ofdm system realization, energy
Parameter P determines that randomly ordered self-defined using seed, decorrelation is transformed to reference to frame structure and specified transmission power
2D-DCT is converted, fritter number N=1024, and M=20 in data Aggregation computation, whitening transformation uses Wo Shi-Hadamard transform, repaiies
Holotype shape parameter following C1=1, C2=0.9, C3=0.8, C4=10, C5=1.36, C6=31.2, C6=0.115, C7=
4.66, MCHUNK=1024, NUM=900.System block diagram is shown in attached drawing 3, and specific implementation is as follows：
The ASIC implementation flow charts of the completely new AnalogCast baseband systems of the embodiment of the present invention are as shown in figure 12, and ASIC is real
Decoding baseband module and completely new AnalogCast coded excitations baseband module now are received mainly for completely new AnalogCast, mainly
It is that will write to obtain RTL behavioral scaling models progress physical modeling, finally obtains the physical model (GDSII) of IP, test model, work(
Consume model, temporal model.Wherein the structure of RTL models is identical as FPGA+DSP schemes, completely new AnalogCast source encoding and decodings
Part uses HLS synthesis productions verilog, the hand-written verilog of rest part.
In conclusion the embodiment of the present invention proposes more matchmakers such as the video/picture that a kind of transmission of full linear is protected without error correction
The transmission method of volume data has following advantage in terms of existing technologies：
1) superior fairness.
2) due to be full linear transmission, metadata there is no " cliff effect ", possess more preferably mobility with it is farther
Transmission range.
3) it is modulated as a result of full linear, without transmitting metadata, saves bandwidth.
4) relative to traditional multi-cast system and semilinear system (Softcast, G-cast, HAD-cast, D-cast etc.
Deng) digital wing information is eliminated, the complexity for greatly reducing channel coding (eliminates information source compression ＆ decompression, information source
Protection and error correction, interleave and deinterleave and the calculating such as channel guard and error correction), greatly reduce computation complexity.
5) under the channel circumstance of high packet loss, picture quality is greatly improved.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that：Attached drawing is the schematic diagram of one embodiment, module in attached drawing or
Flow is not necessarily implemented necessary to the present invention.
As seen through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can be understood that the present invention can
It is realized by the mode of software plus required general hardware platform.Based on this understanding, technical scheme of the present invention essence
On in other words the part that contributes to existing technology can be expressed in the form of software products, the computer software product
It can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc, CD, including some instructions are used so that a computer equipment
(can be personal computer, server either network equipment etc.) executes the certain of each embodiment of the present invention or embodiment
Method described in part.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Point just to refer each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for device or
For system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so describing fairly simple, related place is referring to method
The part of embodiment illustrates.Apparatus and system embodiment described above is only schematical, wherein the conduct
The unit that separating component illustrates may or may not be physically separated, the component shown as unit can be or
Person may not be physical unit, you can be located at a place, or may be distributed over multiple network units.It can root
According to actual need that some or all of module therein is selected to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.Ordinary skill
Personnel are without creative efforts, you can to understand and implement.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with scope of the claims
Subject to.
Claims (7)
1. the multi-medium data method of multicasting that a kind of full linear is protected without error correction, which is characterized in that including：
In transmitting terminal, decorrelation transformation is carried out to multi-medium data：
The data that data after being converted to decorrelation divided based on block stretch；
Data block after being stretched to data carries out whitening transformation processing, to by whitening transformation treated data hand in frame
Processing is knitted, by intra-frame interleaving treated data chunk at data packet；
After carrying out analog-modulated to the data packet, launch；
The data for the data after decorrelation transformation divided based on block are stretched, including：
In transmitting terminal, the data that the multi-medium data after being converted to decorrelation carries out the division of the block based on L shape stretch, and press
Bulk is divided into the fritter of L shape according to the block dividing mode of setting, the length of each L blocks and it is wide be definite value, each fritter
Average energy λi
Wherein λiIt is the average energy of each fritter, i represents the sequence of fritter, and chunknum is block number i.e. N, yI, kIt is in bulk Y
K-th of data of i-th of fritter；
Stretching factor g is calculated by the average energy of each fritteri：
Wherein giIt is the stretching factor of each fritter, P is energy stretching factor, and i represents the sequence of fritter, then will be in each fritter
Data be multiplied by respective stretching factor, the data block u after being stretchedI, j:
uI, j=gi·yI, j
It is described data are stretched after data block carry out whitening transformation processing, to by whitening transformation, treated that data carry out
Intra-frame interleaving processing, by intra-frame interleaving treated data chunk at data packet, including：
In transmitting terminal, whitening transformation processing is carried out to the data block u after stretching, if H is whitening matrix, whitening transformation is as follows：
V=H.u.HT
Wherein v is by whitening transformation treated data；
To carrying out intra-frame interleaving by whitening transformation treated data, the data in V are divided according to respective positions
Data in frame are divided by class according to position:Four kinds of A pixels, B pixels, C pixels and D pixels pixels, each pixel is carried out
Random rearrangement, by the various pixel reorganizations after random rearrangement at data block；
For each frame of the multi-medium data, the decorrelation transformation is executed respectively, data stretch, whitening transformation processing
With intra-frame interleaving processing, by the completion intra-frame interleaving of all frames treated data chunk at GoP, then by a layer of GoP
It is packaged into a data packet；Described is divided into the data in frame according to position:Four kinds of A pixels, B pixels, C pixels and D pixels
Pixel, including：
The pixel of first position of the first row of whitening transformation treated bulk is determined as A pixels, next pixel is B pictures
Element, next one pixel be C pixels, next one pixel be D pixels, and so on complete a line pixel definition；
It is started with D pixels in first pixel of the second row, next pixel is A pixels, next one pixel is B pixels, then under
One pixel is C pixels, and so on complete the pixel definitions of two rows；
It is started with C pixels in first pixel of the third line, next pixel is D pixels, next one pixel is A pixels, then under
One pixel is B pixels, and so on complete the pixel definitions of three rows；
It is started with B pixels in first pixel of fourth line, next pixel is C pixels, next one pixel is D pixels, then under
One pixel is A pixels, and so on complete the pixel definitions of four rows；
After, the dividing condition and above-mentioned the first row of the location of pixels of the data in the frame of every four row, the second row, the third line and
The dividing condition of the location of pixels of fourth line is identical.
2. the multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear according to claim 1 is protected without error correction, which is characterized in that described
In transmitting terminal, decorrelation transformation is carried out to multi-medium data, including：
Each frame of multi-medium data to be transmitted is independently separated, each frame image is then isolated into the big of MN × MN
Block X, the bulk X translations 2 to each frame imageb-1, wherein b is image sampling depth, and carrying out whole frame to the bulk X after translation goes
Correlation converts：
Y=Tr (x-2b-1)
Y is the bulk after being converted for decorrelation, and Tr is decorrelation transformation, and x is the picture element matrix of bulk.
3. the multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear according to claim 1 is protected without error correction, which is characterized in that described
To the data packet carry out analog-modulated after, launch, including：
Data in the data packet are encoded into data frame by physical layer, and analog-modulated is carried out to the data frame, it will
A real number in the data frame is mapped to I vectors, another real number is mapped to Q vector, by the data frame after analog-modulated
Launch.
4. the multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear according to claim 3 is protected without error correction, which is characterized in that described
Method further include：
In receiving terminal, the entire packet received is formed into GoP, then GoP is resolved into the corresponding data block of I data frame；
Each corresponding data block of data frame includes various pixels after resetting, and is reset according to preset pixel
Rule, the pixel after various types are upset is restored, then resets in respective positions, obtains the corresponding albefaction of each data frame and becomes
Data after changing；
Whitening transformation is carried out to the data after the corresponding whitening transformation of each data frame to handle, to going whitening transformation to handle
Data afterwards carry out drawing coefficient estimation；
Whitening transformation is removed to described treated that data carry out data stretch processing, according to the drawing coefficient estimated to going to count
Anti- decorrelation transformation is carried out according to the data after stretch processing, obtains the multi-medium data that the transmitting terminal is sent.
5. the multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear according to claim 3 is protected without error correction, which is characterized in that described
Whitening transformation carried out to the data after the corresponding whitening transformation of each data frame handle, after going whitening transformation to handle
Data carry out drawing coefficient estimation include：
In receiving terminal drawing coefficient g is carried out after carrying out whitening transformation processing to multi-medium dataiEstimation calculates and receives number
According to the small average energy in the block of L-type：
WhereinIt is the average energy for receiving data L-type fritter, i is fritter sequence number；It is the data received, i is fritter sequence
Row number, k are k-th of data in fritter, and chunknum-s is first prime number in fritter；
BecauseSo having：
WhereinIt is the average energy of small block data after reverse-drawing, i is fritter sequence,It is the data after reverse-drawing, k is small
K-th of data in block, chunknum-s are first prime numbers in fritter, obtain following relationship：
Drawing coefficientEstimation formulas it is as follows：
WhereinIt is drawing coefficient, i is fritter sequence.
6. the multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear according to claim 5 is protected without error correction, which is characterized in that described
The drawing coefficient that estimates of basis remove whitening transformation treated that data carry out data stretch processing to described, including：
In receiving terminal, multi-medium data is carried out in drawing coefficient giAfter estimation, carry out to data convergence factor meanLIt is counted
It calculates, calculates the average amplitude of each fritter
The data convergence factor meanLThe average width of former M+1~2M fritter is removed for the average amplitude of preceding 1~M fritter
Degree, data convergence factor meanLCalculation formula it is as follows：
In physical layer level estimation channel SNR and computing system packet loss PLR, by channel SNR, packet loss PLR is poly- with data
Collect Coefficient m eanLCalculate modifying factorWith Calculating error caused by for correcting noise,Cause for correcting packet loss
Calculating error；
Following formula is to calculate modifying factorWithCorrection model:
WhereinIt is the estimation mistake that the noise repair factor mainly repairs the stretching factor caused by noise,Packet loss recovery because
The sub main estimation mistake for repairing the stretching factor caused by packet loss, i is fritter sequence number, and MCHUNK is small block number, round
(MCHUNK)<NUM<MCHUNK, wherein C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, parameter are obtained by experiment；
Obtain modifying factorWithLater, reverse-drawing is carried out in conjunction with stretching factor, formula is as follows：
WhereinIt is the data after the decorrelation of estimation changes, i is fritter sequence, and j is small j-th of data in the block；It is
It is fritter sequence to go the data after albefaction, i, and j is small j-th of data in the block；P is that energy parameter receiver is locally known.
7. the multi-medium data method of multicasting that full linear according to claim 6 is protected without error correction, which is characterized in that described
To going the data after data stretch processing to carry out anti-decorrelation transformation, obtain the multi-medium data that the transmitting terminal is sent,
Including：
In receiving terminal, anti-decorrelation transformation is carried out to the whole frames of data matrix Y after data reverse-drawing, then anti-decorrelation is become
Data matrix after changing carries out the anti-translation of b depth, obtains chunk dataFormula is as follows：
Wherein x is estimation picture element matrix,
Above-mentioned processing procedure is repeated, by the bulk picture element matrix X of I obtained M × M, by all bulk picture element matrix X
Spliced, obtains the multi-medium data of transmitting terminal transmission.
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