CN105072463B - 一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法 - Google Patents

一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法 Download PDF

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CN105072463B
CN105072463B CN201510427268.8A CN201510427268A CN105072463B CN 105072463 B CN105072463 B CN 105072463B CN 201510427268 A CN201510427268 A CN 201510427268A CN 105072463 B CN105072463 B CN 105072463B
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pid
stream
stb terminal
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switching equipment
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CN105072463A (zh
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赵志峰
吕明杰
张卫
吴艳林
周明峰
杜申利
王微波
何瑛
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Zhongyan Kaibo Network Science & Technology Co Ltd
Zhejiang Wasu Radio And Tv Network Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Wasu Radio And Tv Network Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H04N21/234336—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by media transcoding, e.g. video is transformed into a slideshow of still pictures or audio is converted into text
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs
    • H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
    • H04N21/234309—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams, manipulating MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by transcoding between formats or standards, e.g. from MPEG-2 to MPEG-4 or from Quicktime to Realvideo
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/23614—Multiplexing of additional data and video streams
    • H04N21/23617—Multiplexing of additional data and video streams by inserting additional data into a data carousel, e.g. inserting software modules into a DVB carousel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/262—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists
    • H04N21/26208—Content or additional data distribution scheduling, e.g. sending additional data at off-peak times, updating software modules, calculating the carousel transmission frequency, delaying a video stream transmission, generating play-lists the scheduling operation being performed under constraints
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/266—Channel or content management, e.g. generation and management of keys and entitlement messages in a conditional access system, merging a VOD unicast channel into a multicast channel
    • H04N21/2668—Creating a channel for a dedicated end-user group, e.g. insertion of targeted commercials based on end-user profiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/472—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content
    • H04N21/47202—End-user interface for requesting content, additional data or services; End-user interface for interacting with content, e.g. for content reservation or setting reminders, for requesting event notification, for manipulating displayed content for requesting content on demand, e.g. video on demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64—Addressing
    • H04N21/6405—Multicasting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法，包括如下步骤：直播源组播流进入转码器进行转码，转码器转码成统一的音视频格式和PID，添加PMT描述符，再将流输出到流切换器；流切换设备输出IP视频流到IPQAM设备，由IPQAM设备将IP视频流调制为TS流到HFC网络中，同时IPQAM需要将ctrl_pid映射下传到机顶盒终端、更改PMT表；当机顶盒终端在开机时，进行锁频、锁定通道、搜索PMT PID，当通道不变化，保持其ctrl_pid的值不改变；当机顶盒终端用户按下切台按钮时，由流切换设备切换到新频道的视频流；机顶盒终端解码HFC网络中的新的视频流的帧，通过设置流切换设备，然后通过机顶盒终端开机时进行锁频，机顶盒终端每次切台时通知流切换设备变更目标组播流地址，解决了直接切台问题。

Description

一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法
技术领域
本发明涉及广播电视领域，尤其涉及一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法。
背景技术
当前数字电视直播频道每次切台都需要机顶盒进行数据查询、高频头锁频、播放器设置、CA解密、解扰器解扰、解码输出，整个过程需要3秒左右以后才能切台完成。
随着用户对数字电视观看体验要求的提高，3秒的切台时间已经无法满足用户快速切台的需求。越来越多的用户希望在按下切台按键后能够快速切台成功，不要出现因锁频过程造成的黑屏和静帧现象。
发明内容
针对上述技术缺陷，本发明提出一种只需直接切换频道即可瞬时对其进行播放的直播的瞬时切台方法。。
为了解决上述就是问题，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法，包括如下步骤：
11)直播源组播流进入转码器进行转码，转码器转码成统一的音视频格式和PID，添加PMT描述符，再将流输出到流切换器；
12)流切换设备输出IP视频流到IPQAM设备，由IPQAM设备将IP视频流调制为TS流到HFC网络中，同时，IPQAM需要将ctrl_pid映射下传到机顶盒终端、更改PMT表；
13)当机顶盒终端在开机时，进行锁频、锁定通道、搜索PMT PID，当通道不变化，保持其ctrl_pid的值不改变；
14)当机顶盒终端用户按下切台按钮时，由流切换设备切换到新频道的视频流；机顶盒终端解码HFC网络中的新的视频流的帧。
进一步的，所述流切换设备包括切流矩阵和调度管理模块，调度管理模块用于接收机顶盒终端的切台指令并发送给切流矩阵；切流矩阵负责PMT表替换、映射下传到机顶盒终端和进行直播源地址的切换。
进一步的，部署直播播控页面于服务器端，负责直播播控，该服务器端接收机顶盒终端切台指令，并将切台指令传递到流切换器的调度管理模块。
进一步的，当机顶盒终端在开机时，进行锁频、锁定通道、搜索PMT PID，获取视音频PID及ctrl pkg的PID。
本发明的有益效果在于：通过设置流切换设备，将视频进行归一化，然后通过机顶盒终端开机时进行锁频，并且锁定当前通道，机顶盒终端每次切台时通知流切换设备变更目标组播流地址，机顶盒终端终端只需解码当前所在通道的新的视频流即可，解决了直接切台不需要等待的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明的简要步骤图；
图2为本发明系统切流框图；
图3为本发明的加入直播广告和云视频的切流框图；
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
如图1所示，一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法，将直播节目组播流输入流切换设备，经IPQAM调制后在cable网络中传输。机顶盒终端只需在开机时进行锁频，并且锁定当前通道，每次切台时通知流切换设备变更目标组播流地址，机顶盒终端只需解码当前所在通道的新的视频流即可。
如图2所示，直播信号源通过转码器将各种码流格式转化为同一种格式，优选的全部转化为H.264格式，进行PID的统一设置(归一化)、PMT(节目映射表)描述符添加。转码器输出网络中所有频道的单播或组播流到流切换设备，其中优选组播流，这样可以支持更大用户并发，节省网络资源。流切换设备包含调度管理模块和切换矩阵，调度管理模块用于接收切台指令并切换到目标源地址。目标源地址所在的流经IPQAM设备调制成TS流，同时，IPQAM将ctrl_pid映射下传到机顶盒终端、更改PMT表，使得视频流在HFC网络中传输到机顶盒终端。直播播控页面部署在应用服务器上，与流切换设备互通。播控页面负责捕获用户切台按键操作并将切台指令发送到流切换设备，流切换设备切流实现切台。
对一个用户终端来说，同一时间内只占用一个通道，通道中传输的是哪路频道的节目流由流切换器的调度管理模块决定。
实施相关参数规定如下：
ctrl pkg是切流矩阵封装的标准TS包，位于A流和B流之间，用于终端找到该包后发起解码重置动作。
Ctrl pkg格式的规定如表1(本实施例中的PID值只是给出一个举例，也可为其他值)：
表1
对于音频类型1和音频类型2，其中没有对应音频的话，对应字段的值为0xF。
CTRL pkg由切换矩阵发出，经过IPQAM到达终端。
在切流矩阵中，CTRL PID为定值，0x1ff0，这个PID会由IPQAM根据用户端口号映射成不同的PID，但是会在PMT中进行描述更改后的PID值。
机顶盒终端系统，每一个机顶盒终端根据当前解码的PMT来获取CTRL PID。
矩阵可以下发2个Byte来进行描述，描述的内容包含视频类型、音频类型。
如例，视频类型包含：
音频类型包含：
直播源PMT表的规定：
PMT表为标准格式；
Ctrl pkg的Stream_type为：0xF1；Elementary_PID为：0x1FF0；
具体格式如下：
1、PMT_PID规定为：480；
2、PCR_PID与视频Elementary_PID相同，规定为：481；
3、音频1Elementary_PID为：482；
4、音频2(AC-3)Elementary_PID为：483；
5、ctrl_pid的Stream_type为：0xF1，Elementary_PID为：0x1FF0；
PMT表中严格按照视频、音频1、音频2、ctrl pid的顺序描述；
流化源PMT表的规定：
1、PMT_PID规定为：480；
2、PCR_PID与视频Elementary_PID相同，规定为：481；
3、音频1Elementary_PID为：482；
切换矩阵完成音频2与ctrl pid的添加。
如表2切换指令格式规定：
{”tid”:1234“sip”:”224.0.0.1”,”sport”:1234,”expand”:”{”V-type”:1,”A-type1”:1,”A-type2”:2”,”PMT”:1}”}
表2
机顶盒终端的规定：
机顶盒在开机时，通过交互系统获取对应通道的PMT PID(正常情况下，通道在机顶盒开机时段内保持不变)。搜索PMT表，获取视音频PID及ctrl pkg的PID。获取ctrl pkg数据包，响应切换指令。机顶盒仅需在开机时搜索一次PMT PID，只要通道不变化，ctrl_pid的值不会改变。
如图3所示，给出了另一个实施例，将直播广告、云视频流将其PID归一化节目源，送入切流设备，使用户端能够享受更为丰富的视频内容，增加广告、运营商自定义视频等内容，增加业务种类。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种数字电视直播的瞬时切台方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤 ：
11）直播源组播流进入转码器进行转码，转码器转码成统一的音视频格式和 PID，添加PMT 描述符，再将流输出到流切换设备 ；
12）流切换设备输出 IP 视频流到 IPQAM 设备，由 IPQAM 设备将 IP 视频流调制为TS 流到 HFC 网络中，同时，IPQAM 需要将 ctrl_pid 映射下传到机顶盒终端、更改 PMT表 ；
13）当机顶盒终端在开机时，进行锁频、锁定通道、搜索 PMT PID，当通道不变化， 保持其 ctrl_pid 的值不改变；ctrl_pid 为定值；
14）当机顶盒终端用户按下切台按钮时，由流切换设备切换到新频道的视频流 ；
机顶盒终端解码 HFC 网络中的新的视频流的帧；
所述流切换设备包括切流矩阵和调度管理模块，调度管理模块用于接收机顶盒终端的切台指令并发送给切流矩阵 ；切流矩阵负责 PMT 表替换、映射下传到机顶盒终端和进行直播源地址的切换；
部署直播播控页面于服务器端，负责直播播控，该服务器端接收机顶盒终端切台指令，并将切台指令传递到流切换设备的调度管理模块；
当机顶盒终端在开机时，进行锁频、锁定通道、搜索 PMT PID，获取视音频 PID 及ctrl pkg 的 PID, 其中ctrl pkg 是切流矩阵封装的标准 TS 包，位于 A 流和 B 流之间，用于终端找到该包后发起解码重置动作。
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