CN105071420A - Distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus and work method thereof - Google Patents
Distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus and work method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus and a work method thereof, relates to a middle-low voltage current balancing apparatus, and especially relates to a three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus. The apparatus automatically balances a low-voltage power supply network, and is high in expandability, high in reliability and high in dynamic compensation precision. The apparatus comprises module units, a current acquisition unit, a remote communication unit and a man-machine interaction unit. The module units are connected in parallel with power network common connection points. Each module unit comprises an LCL filter, an inverter, a driving circuit and a central controller, wherein the central controller, the driving circuit, the inverter and the LCL filter are successively connected. Load conditions are monitored in real time and comprehensively reflected in real time, current conditions are timely and accurately fed back to the central controllers, and the central controllers can dynamically and accurately adjust three-phase load currents in real time so that the accuracy of dynamic current adjustment is improved; and a commissioning module is flexibly added and reduced, the product power consumption is reduced, and energy is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medium-low voltage current balancing device and a working method thereof, in particular to a three-phase current dynamic balancing device and a working method thereof.
Background
A large amount of single-phase loads exist in the low-voltage distribution network, and the unbalanced distribution and the input non-timeliness of the single-phase loads cause the unbalanced three-phase loads to become a prominent problem in the operation and maintenance of the low-voltage distribution network. Three-phase load unbalance will increase the power grid loss, seriously influence the power supply quality, and cause harm to a low-voltage power grid, a distribution transformer and a 10-35 kV high-voltage line. With the development of social economy, the living standard of people is increasingly improved, and a large number of high-power single-phase household appliances are as follows: air conditioners, water heaters, microwave ovens, induction cookers and the like enter common families, and the household appliances bring comfort, convenience and quickness to people, and simultaneously cause single-phase load surge, and further aggravate the influence of unbalanced three-phase load of a low-voltage power supply system. Three-phase imbalance of low-voltage power grids has always been a major problem for power supply units.
The three-phase load balancing work of the low-voltage distribution network has received more and more attention and attention by the power department, but is limited by the prior art and measuring instruments, the balancing work of the low-voltage three-phase load still only stays in periodic test and adjusts the load according to experience, and the balancing point only focuses on balancing at a few test points such as a transformer low-voltage side outgoing line and the like, but does not consider the balancing inside the low-voltage distribution network, so the adjusting effect is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the dynamic balancing device for the three-phase current of the distribution transformer, which can automatically realize the balance of the low-voltage power supply network and has strong expansibility, high reliability and high dynamic compensation precision, and the working method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the system comprises a plurality of module units, a current acquisition unit, a remote communication unit and a human-computer interaction unit, and is characterized in that the module units are connected in parallel to a public connection point of a power grid;
the module unit comprises an LCL filter, an inverter, a driving circuit, a forced air cooling radiator and a central controller;
the LCL filter is connected with a power grid;
the central controller, the driving circuit, the inverter and the LCL filter are sequentially connected;
the central controller is provided with a voltage detection device;
the voltage detection device is connected with the inverter;
a current detection device is connected between the current acquisition unit and the power grid,
the remote communication unit and the man-machine interaction unit are respectively connected with the central controller.
The LCL filter comprises three capacitance branches, three resonance absorption branches, a network side inductor and an outlet side inductor;
the three capacitor branches are connected in a Y shape;
the three capacitor branches are respectively connected with the three resonance absorption branches in parallel;
and the network port side inductor and the outlet side inductor are respectively connected with the capacitor branch circuits in series.
The capacitance branch comprises a capacitor and a capacitance resistor;
the capacitor and the capacitor resistor are connected in series;
and the connection node of the Y-shaped connection is positioned on one side of the capacitor resistor.
The resonance absorption branch comprises an inductor and an inductor resistor;
the inductor resistor is connected in series with the inductor.
The central controller comprises a DSP module and an FDGA module;
and the DSP module and the FDGA module are mutually connected to realize mutual communication.
The DSP module is provided with an RS485 communication interface;
and the RS485 communication interface is connected with the remote communication unit to realize mutual communication.
The human-computer interaction unit is provided with an RS485 communication interface and is communicated with the DSP module through the remote communication unit.
The inverter comprises a three-phase power unit and two direct-current side voltage supporting capacitors;
the two direct-current side voltage supporting capacitors are connected in series;
the three-phase power unit is connected with the two direct-current side voltage supporting capacitors in parallel.
The forced air cooling radiator is connected with the central controller.
The method comprises the following steps:
1) the current detection device detects the unbalanced component of the load side power grid;
2) the current detection device transmits the unbalanced component to the central controller through the current acquisition unit;
3) the central controller calculates a command current component;
4) the module unit generates compensation components with the same amplitude and opposite directions according to the command current component;
5) the compensation component is filtered by an LCL filter and then is input into a power grid;
6) the compensation component and the unbalance component are mutually offset, and the load side power grid current is eliminated.
According to the invention, the current detection device is adopted to monitor the three-phase load current of the low-voltage power supply line in real time at all time intervals, so that the load condition can be comprehensively reflected, and the current condition can be timely and accurately fed back to the central controller, so that the central controller can dynamically and accurately adjust the three-phase load current in real time, and the accuracy of dynamic current adjustment is greatly improved; the modular design is adopted to form a redundant system, and the commissioning modules can be increased or decreased according to the use condition, so that the reliability of the device is improved, the power consumption of the product is reduced, the energy is saved, the expansibility of the device is improved, and the device has higher popularization and application values and social and economic benefits.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention,
figure 2 is a schematic view of the modular unit structure,
figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the LCL filter structure,
figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an inverter configuration,
figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention,
figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the central controller command current operation,
figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a triangular carrier comparison control,
figure 8 is a dc side voltage control schematic,
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of DC side voltage support capacitor voltage sharing control;
in the figure, 1 is a module unit, 2 is a current acquisition unit, 3 is a remote communication unit, 4 is a man-machine interaction unit, 5 is a public connection point of a power grid, 101 is a central controller, and 102 is an LCL filter; reference numeral 103 denotes an inverter, 104 denotes a voltage detection device, 105 denotes a forced air cooling radiator, 106 denotes a drive circuit, 1021 denotes a capacitance branch, 1022 denotes a resonance absorption branch, 1023 denotes a network port side inductance, 1024 denotes an outlet side inductance, 1031 denotes a three-phase power unit, 1032 denotes a dc side voltage support capacitance, and 201 denotes a current detection device.
Detailed Description
In the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, a transformer is connected to a power grid, and high voltage electricity is reduced by the transformer and then delivered to a load. The invention is connected in parallel to the grid point of common connection 5 between the transformer and the load. The system comprises a plurality of module units 1, a current acquisition unit 2, a remote communication unit 3 and a human-computer interaction unit 4, wherein the module units 1 are connected in parallel to a public connection point 5 of a power grid; the module unit 1 includes an LCL filter 102, an inverter 103, a driving circuit 106, a forced air-cooled radiator 105, and a central controller 101; the LCL filter 102 is connected with a power grid; the inverter 103 is connected with the LCL filter 102 and the central controller 101 respectively; the central controller 101 is connected with the forced air cooling radiator 105 and the driving circuit 106 respectively; the central controller 101 is connected with the current acquisition unit 2; the central controller 101 is provided with a voltage detection device 104; the electricity acquisition unit 2 is provided with a current detection device 201 connected with the electricity acquisition unit; the current detection device 201 is placed on the grid on the near load side. The current detection device 201 is connected with a power grid; the remote communication unit 3 and the man-machine interaction unit 4 are respectively connected with the central controller 101.
The load is three-phase unbalanced load, and harmonic wave and reactive power are generated at the same time, so that the safety of a power grid is damaged. The three-phase current dynamic balancing device is connected on a circuit in parallel, and the load current i is calculated by using a current detection algorithm based on the instantaneous reactive power theory through the current acquisition unit 2 and the current detection device 201LThe unbalanced component in (b) is used as a current command i of the three-phase current balance devicecLet the current i on the three-phase current balancing device sidec=icCan realize the current i on the side of the power gridsAnd (4) balancing three phases. The current acquisition unit 2 and the current detection device 201 can realize real-time monitoring, so that the three-phase current dynamic balance device can realize real-time adjustment, and the adjustment precision is improved.
The LCL filter 102 includes three capacitive branches 1021, three resonant absorption branches 1022, a net side inductor 1023, and an outlet side inductor 1024; the three capacitor branches 1021 are in Y-shaped connection; the three capacitance branches 1021 and the three resonance absorption branches 1022 are respectively connected in parallel; the network port side inductor 1023 and the outlet side inductor 1024 are connected in series with the capacitor branch circuit 1021 respectively.
The capacitance branch 1021 comprises a capacitor and a capacitor resistor; the capacitor and the capacitor resistor are connected in series; and the connection node of the Y-shaped connection is positioned on one side of the capacitor resistor.
The resonance absorption branch 1022 includes an inductor and an inductor resistor; the inductor resistor is connected in series with the inductor.
The central controller comprises a DSP module and an FDGA module; and the DSP module and the FDGA module are mutually connected to realize mutual communication.
The DSP module is provided with an RS485 communication interface; and the RS485 communication interface is connected with the remote communication unit to realize mutual communication.
The human-computer interaction unit 4 is provided with an RS485 communication interface and is communicated with the DSP module through a remote communication unit.
The inverter 103 comprises a three-phase power unit 1031 and two dc side voltage support capacitors 1032; the two direct-current side voltage supporting capacitors 1032 are connected in series; the three-phase power unit 1031 is connected in parallel to the two dc-side voltage support capacitors 1032.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection of the internal structure of the module unit 1. The module unit 1 includes an LCL filter 102, an inverter 103, a drive circuit 106, a forced air-cooled radiator 105, and a central controller 101; the LCL filter 102 is connected with a power grid; the inverter 103 is connected with the LCL filter 102 and the central controller 101 respectively; the central controller 101 is connected with the forced air cooling radiator 105 and the driving circuit 106 respectively; the central controller 101 is connected with the current acquisition unit 2; the central controller 101 is provided with a voltage detection device 104; the central controller 101 sends a command to the drive circuit 105, and the drive circuit drives the LCL filter 102, the inverter 103, and the forced air cooling radiator 105 to operate. The LCL filter 102 has the function of filtering clutter which can harm the safe operation of the power grid in the power grid, and the inverter 103 has the function of inverting the filtered direct current into alternating current with the amplitude and the phase consistent with those of the alternating current in the power grid and feeding back the alternating current to the power grid. The forced air cooling radiator 105 can rapidly cool the module unit 1 when the module unit 1 is overheated, thereby ensuring the normal operation of the module unit 1.
The LCL filter 102 and the inverter 103 together constitute a main circuit. A three-phase bridge circuit consisting of a fully-controlled power electronic device IGBT is adopted, and the IGBT is controlled to be switched on and switched off through PWM (pulse-width modulation) pulses, so that the device can output specific current.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the LCL filter structure. Comprises three capacitance branches 1021, three resonance absorption branches 1022, a network side inductor 1023 and an outlet side inductor 1024; the three capacitor branches 1021 are in Y-shaped connection; the three capacitance branches 1021 and the three resonance absorption branches 1022 are respectively connected in parallel; the network port side inductor 1023 and the outlet side inductor 1024 are connected in series with the capacitor branch circuit 1021 respectively.
The capacitance branch 1021 comprises a capacitor and a capacitor resistor; the capacitor and the capacitor resistor are connected in series; and the connection node of the Y-shaped connection is positioned on one side of the capacitor resistor.
The resonance absorption branch 1022 includes an inductor and an inductor resistor; the inductor resistor is connected in series with the inductor.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an inverter structure. Comprises a three-phase power unit 1031 and two dc-side voltage support capacitors 1032; the two direct-current side voltage supporting capacitors 1032 are connected in series; the three-phase power unit 1031 is connected in parallel to the two dc-side voltage support capacitors 1032. The outlet of the inverter is correspondingly connected with the network side inductor of the LCL filter.
As shown in FIG. 5, esThe voltage of the low-voltage outlet side of the distribution transformer is represented, the load is a three-phase unbalanced load, harmonic waves and reactive power consumption are generated simultaneously, and the three-phase current balancing device is connected on a circuit in parallel. Calculating load current i by a current detection algorithm based on an instantaneous reactive power theoryLThe unbalanced component in (b) is used as a current command i of the three-phase current balance devicecEnabling the current i at the side of the three-phase current balancing device to be measured by a current detection and calculation method based on the instantaneous reactive power theoryc=icCan realize the current i on the side of the power gridsAnd (4) balancing three phases.
The control circuit, namely a central controller, comprises a command current arithmetic circuit and a current tracking control circuit. The core of the instruction current operation circuit is to calculate the load current iLThe unbalanced component, the reactive component and the harmonic component in (a) are used as a current command i of the devicecA first step of; the core of the current tracking control circuit is a current controller, and the control device outputs a current icQuickly and accurately tracking command current i thereofcIts output is a series of PWM signals.
The function of the driving circuit is to amplify the PWM signal generated by the current tracking control circuit and isolate the control circuit (weak current part) from the main circuit (strong current part),the PWM pulse output by the driving circuit can drive the IGBT in the main circuit to generate corresponding compensation current icSent to the grid to eliminate the imbalance.
The dq coordinate transformation matrix and the inverse transformation matrix thereof are respectively shown as follows:
the extracted fundamental current component is:
thus, the compensation current command extracted is:
as shown in fig. 6, the calculation of the command current is based on the instantaneous reactive power theory, and the load current is sampled and the final compensation current command is obtained through a certain coordinate change.
The a-phase grid voltage is passed through a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) to obtain information about the time variable (ω t), i.e. the position of the rotating voltage vector in the three-phase abc coordinate system. The detected three-phase load currents iLa, iLb and iLc are converted from a three-phase abc coordinate system into a two-phase dq coordinate system synchronously rotating at the angular frequency (omega) of the fundamental wave of the phase voltage of the power grid, and the d axis in the two-phase dq coordinate system is oriented to the direction of a voltage vector, so that the current component id converted to the d axis is an active current component, the component iq converted to the q axis is a reactive current component, and i0 is a zero-sequence current component. Nth time of three-phase abc coordinate systemThe positive sequence component is transformed into an (n-1) th sub-component in a two-phase dq synchronous rotating coordinate system after coordinate transformation; and the nth negative sequence component of the three-phase abc coordinate system is transformed into the (n +1) th component in the two-phase dq synchronous rotation coordinate system. In this way, only the fundamental wave positive sequence component in all the components becomes direct current in the synchronous coordinate system, and other components still become alternating current; for the dc-current, it can be extracted by a Low Pass Filter (LPF). DC component to d-axis componentRepresenting the fundamental active current component, willThe three-phase fundamental active currents iaf, ibf, icf, i.e. only the desired current components on the grid side, are obtained by transforming (d-axis command), 0 (q-axis command), 0 (zero-axis command) from the two-phase dq coordinate system to the three-phase abc coordinate system. According to the law of the circuit KCL, the load current is subtracted from the expected power grid side current, and the compensation current required to be emitted by the device is obtained.
As shown in fig. 7, the current tracking control of the central controller employs a triangular carrier control. The control principle is to make the actual compensating current of the devicei c And the command currenti c * Comparing the deviation deltaiSending the signal into a current loop controller to obtain a modulation wave signal, and comparing the modulation signal with a triangular carrier wave in real time to generate a PWM signal. After the PWM signal is amplified by a driving circuit, the IGBT in the three-phase bridge circuit can be driven, the three-phase bridge circuit outputs corresponding voltage waveform, and the difference value of the voltage and the power grid voltage acts on an output reactor, so that the needed compensation current waveform can be generated.
As shown in fig. 8, the control principle diagram of the dc side voltage is shown. Since the device must absorb active energy from the system to maintain the capacitor voltage stable, the compensation current generated by the device must contain active current components. The direct current side voltage command value Udc and the direct current side voltage are comparedComparing the voltage value Udc, sending the deviation delta Udc to a voltage controller for regulation, wherein the output delta id of the voltage controller is the active component of voltage stabilization, and adding the active component into the voltage controller shown in figure 1The compensation current command of the device contains active current components required for stabilizing voltage so as to maintain the voltage of the DC side of the three-phase bridge circuit constant.
As shown in fig. 9, the voltage of the dc side voltage support capacitor 1032 is regulated by regulating the device neutral current. Wherein,U dc1andU dc2respectively representing the voltage values of the upper and lower capacitors on the DC side of the device, and sending the difference value to a voltage controller to obtain deltai 0The voltage is divided into three parts and then superimposed on the zero axis command in fig. 5, so that a direct current component appears in the zero line current command of the device to maintain the voltage balance of the voltage of the direct current side voltage support capacitor 1032.
The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing device adopts the current detection device to monitor the three-phase load current of the low-voltage power supply line in real time in all time intervals, can comprehensively reflect the load condition and feed the current condition back to the central controller in time and accurately, so that the central controller can dynamically and accurately adjust the three-phase load current in real time, and the accuracy of dynamic current adjustment is greatly improved; the modular design is adopted to form a redundant system, and the commissioning modules can be increased or decreased according to the use condition, so that the reliability of the device is improved, the power consumption of the product is reduced, the energy is saved, the expansibility of the device is improved, and the device has higher popularization and application values and social and economic benefits.
Claims (10)
1. A distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing device comprises a plurality of module units, a current acquisition unit, a remote communication unit and a human-computer interaction unit, and is characterized in that the module units are connected in parallel to a public connection point of a power grid;
the module unit comprises an LCL filter, an inverter, a driving circuit, a forced air cooling radiator and a central controller;
the LCL filter is connected with a power grid;
the central controller, the driving circuit, the inverter and the LCL filter are sequentially connected;
the central controller is provided with a voltage detection device;
the voltage detection device is connected with the inverter;
a current detection device is connected between the current acquisition unit and the power grid,
the remote communication unit and the man-machine interaction unit are respectively connected with the central controller.
2. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LCL filter comprises three capacitive branches, three resonant absorption branches, a grid-side inductor and an outlet-side inductor;
the three capacitor branches are connected in a Y shape;
the three capacitor branches are respectively connected with the three resonance absorption branches in parallel;
and the network port side inductor and the outlet side inductor are respectively connected with the capacitor branch circuits in series.
3. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the capacitive branch comprises a capacitor and a capacitor resistor;
the capacitor and the capacitor resistor are connected in series;
and the connection node of the Y-shaped connection is positioned on one side of the capacitor resistor.
4. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the resonance absorption branch comprises an inductor and an inductor resistor;
the inductor resistor is connected in series with the inductor.
5. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the central controller comprises a DSP module and an FDGA module;
and the DSP module and the FDGA module are mutually connected to realize mutual communication.
6. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing device of claim 3, wherein the DSP module is provided with an RS485 communication interface;
and the RS485 communication interface is connected with the remote communication unit to realize mutual communication.
7. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing device of claim 3, wherein the human-computer interaction unit is provided with an RS485 communication interface, and the communication with the DSP module is realized through a remote communication unit.
8. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the inverter comprises a three-phase power unit and two DC side voltage support capacitors;
the two direct-current side voltage supporting capacitors are connected in series;
the three-phase power unit is connected with the two direct-current side voltage supporting capacitors in parallel.
9. The distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing apparatus of claim 3, wherein the forced air cooling radiator is connected to the central controller.
10. The operation method of the distribution transformer three-phase current dynamic balancing device according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the current detection device detects the unbalanced component of the load side power grid;
2) the current detection device transmits the unbalanced component to the central controller through the current acquisition unit;
3) the central controller calculates a command current component;
4) the module unit generates compensation components with the same amplitude and opposite directions according to the command current component;
5) the compensation component is filtered by an LCL filter and then is input into a power grid;
6) the compensation component and the unbalance component are mutually offset, and the load side power grid current is eliminated.
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| CN106655178A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-10 | 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Motor train unit overhaul power system free of switch and special bus |
| CN106655178B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2019-03-05 | 铁道第三勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of overhaul of train-set power-supply system for exempting from switching and dedicated bus |
| CN107623329A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-01-23 | 常州安凯特电缆有限公司 | A kind of Intelligent power quality apparatus for correcting and antidote |
| CN107623329B (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2020-04-21 | 信承瑞技术有限公司 | Intelligent electric energy quality correction device and correction method |
| CN108521134A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-11 | 泉州维盾电气有限公司 | Three-phase load dynamic balance adjusting device |
| CN108879736A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 浙江涌原新能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of dynamic equilibrium three-phase installation |
| CN111009897A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-14 | 神华粤电珠海港煤炭码头有限责任公司 | Power-saving protection device |
| CN111404207A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-10 | 国电联合动力技术有限公司 | Power distribution network access control method and control system for generator set |
| CN112260295A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-01-22 | 广东电网有限责任公司江门供电局 | Three-phase outgoing line load power balance optimization method |
| CN114362214A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-04-15 | 国网电力科学研究院有限公司 | Three-phase unbalance suppression system and suppression method based on heat accumulating type intelligent load |
| CN114362214B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2023-09-29 | 国网电力科学研究院有限公司 | Three-phase imbalance suppression system and suppression method based on heat accumulating type intelligent load |
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