CN105068154A - Accumulated snow density and depth measuring instrument - Google Patents
Accumulated snow density and depth measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN105068154A CN105068154A CN201510471731.9A CN201510471731A CN105068154A CN 105068154 A CN105068154 A CN 105068154A CN 201510471731 A CN201510471731 A CN 201510471731A CN 105068154 A CN105068154 A CN 105068154A
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- snow
- density
- lengthening cylinder
- sample bucket
- scale
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an accumulated snow density and depth measuring instrument. The measuring instrument comprises a sampling barrel, an upper cover and at least one lengthening cylinder, and is characterized in that a lower opening of the lengthening cylinder can be fixedly connected with an upper opening of the sampling barrel, the upper cover can be fixedly connected with an upper port of the sampling barrel or the lengthening cylinder, both the sampling barrel and the lengthening cylinder are provided with an isolation opening used for inserting an isolation plate at lower ports, the sampling barrel and the body of the lengthening cylinder are provided with scale observation openings respectively, one side of the scale observation opening is engraved with counting scales which are used for indicating the up-and-down sequence of the sampling barrel and the lengthening cylinder and are convenient for reading integral scales, and the other side of the scale observation opening and the sampling barrel inner wall opposite to the scale observation opening are engraved with continuous scales which are used for reading decimal scales. When measurement is carried out in a shallow accumulated snow area, only the sampling barrel is required to be used to measure the snow density and the snow depth. In a deep accumulated snow area, the lengthening cylinder is connected to the sampling barrel, thereby increasing the sampling depth. The accumulated snow is layered through inserting the isolation plate in each lengthening cylinder, thereby calculating to acquire the snow density of each layer and the average snow density.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to physical measurement field tests.More specifically, a kind of Seasonal Snow Cover density snow depth determining instrument is related to.
Background technology
Accumulated snow is one of freshwater resources of preciousness, in order to make it obtain rational development and utilization, must understand accumulated snow gross amount of water resources and spatial-temporal distribution characteristic thereof.First the key factor related to when studying accumulated snow gross amount of water resources is water equivalent of snow, and it can be tried to achieve with following formula:
W＝ρ·h·s
In formula, W is water equivalent of snow; ρ is snow density; H is snow depth; S is Snow Cover Area
Snow density and snow depth are as the basic physical parameter calculating water equivalent of snow, calculate all significant to accumulated snow regional water balance, Snowmelt runoff simulation, snowslide forecast and buildings snow lotus, the spatial and temporal distributions that the spatial and temporal distributions understanding snow density and snow depth in addition contributes to studying snow-broth resource reasonably utilizes with it.
The domestic and international research about density of snow is less at present, for fixed station and on a large scale in the acquisition of density of snow, how calculated by the snow density function relevant with accumulated snow time, snow depth and burden pressure and obtain.And survey snow density and mainly contain two kinds of modes, a kind of is the volume snow gauge of meteorological upper application, arrests handle, vertically inserted in snow by snow gauge during mensuration.Then push the snow of snow gauge one side aside, scuppit is inserted along snow gauge mouth, takes on container together with snow gauge instrument, then extract scuppit out, make snow core fall in container, add a cover and bring back indoor, after waiting snow melt, measure its capacity with measuring cup.It is high that the method measures snow density accuracy, but shortcoming is obvious, when snow depth exceedes snow gauge metal cylinder height, divide a few sub-sampling, loaded down with trivial details and destructible lower floor snow core; Run into ice sheet in the middle of accumulated snow to be difficult to through sampling; Adopt and snow core is taken back laboratory, the method measuring volume with measuring cup calculates snow density, adds the workload measuring snow density.The method of another kind of actual measurement snow density, employing be field sampling weight method.Consider the existence of long-term accumulated snow district ice sheet and the globality of sampling, the sampler barrel of existing field snow density determining instrument, the elongated abundant design of many employings, the accumulated snow sample obtained is avenged device by the scale of spring balance or similar steelyard in the wild.Although this design can avoid the snow core in sampler barrel to drop to large extent, and can ensure that sampler passes through ice sheet, field weighs and also improves work efficiency, but elongated design causes unit height to obtain the minimizing of snow core volume, reduces the estimating precision of snow density; And elongated sampler also causes utilizing this instrument to be difficult to obtain the layering snow density of accumulated snow.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument, and this instrument can measure the layering of accumulated snow and average snow density exactly, in conjunction with snow depth and then calculate water equivalent of snow.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument, this determining instrument comprises sample bucket, upper cover and at least one lengthening cylinder, the described end opening of lengthening cylinder is fixedly connected with the suitable for reading of sample bucket, described upper cover and sample bucket or the upper port lengthening cylinder are fixedly connected with, the close lower port place of described sample bucket and lengthening cylinder all offers the isolated port for inserting division board, the stack shell of described sample bucket and lengthening cylinder arranges scale observation port, counting scale is carved with in described scale observation port side, for indicating the order up and down of sampler barrel and lengthening cylinder, and convenient reading integer scale, the sampler barrel inwall on scale observation port opposite side and scale observation port opposite is carved with continuous scale, for reading decimal scale.After adopting said structure, only need when shallow accumulated snow region measurement to use sample bucket to measure snow density and snow depth, cylinder is lengthened by connecting on sampler barrel in dark accumulated snow district, increase sampling depth, by assigning division board by accumulated snow layering at each lengthening cylinder, thus calculate the snow density and average snow density that obtain layering.By the scale observing sample bucket or lengthen on cylinder lateral wall, snow depth can be measured.
Preferably, this determining instrument also comprises a snow depth sounding rod and the conical probe with annular groove, described snow depth sounding rod is the demountable structure of TOE, described conical probe is equipped with the screw thread corresponding with the screw thread on snow depth sounding rod with the top of upper cover, and described snow depth sounding rod is fixedly connected with described conical probe or upper cover respectively by screw thread.Can be used for measuring snow depth more accurately after snow depth sounding rod and conical probe are threaded connection, whether the annular groove that conical probe is arranged can indicate snow depth sounding rod to insert completely in soil.After snow depth sounding rod and upper cover are threaded connection, upper cover is fixedly connected with lengthening cylinder, and snow depth sounding rod can play the effect of drilling rod.
Preferably, the upper port place of described sample bucket and the upper and lower port lengthening cylinder are equipped with the spinner matched, and between sample bucket with lengthening cylinder and lengthen cylinder and adopt spinner to be connected each other, can operate quickly and easily.
Preferably, described division board is isodiametric circular corrosion resistant plate with described sample bucket, and the outer end, side of described division board is provided with curved stainless steel sheet.After division board is inserted into sample bucket, curved stainless steel sheet is close on the outer wall of sample bucket, thus guarantees that division board can not drop.
Preferably, the lower port of described sample bucket is for ease of boring the lower edge of the laciniation of the layer that opens ice.
Preferably, the internal diameter of described sample bucket and lengthening cylinder is 80mm, and wall thickness is 0.8mm ~ 3.0mm, and described isolated port is 100mm to the distance of upper port.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is directed to Seasonal Snow Cover district accumulated snow characteristic, employing can connect lengthening, larger diameter sampler barrel coordinate the use of division board, not only facilitate the mensuration of layering snow density, and substantially increase the estimating precision of snow density, sampler lower edge zigzag designs, coordinate the use of snow depth sounding rod, can bore ice sheet and carry out deep layer snow density mensuration, snow depth sounding rod conveniently can carry out again the measurement of field snow depth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 illustrates the structural representation of the sample bucket in the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates the structural representation of the lengthening cylinder in the present invention.
Fig. 3 illustrates the structural representation of the upper cover in the present invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates the structural representation of the division board in the present invention.
Fig. 5 illustrates the structural representation of the snow depth sounding rod in the present invention.
Fig. 6 illustrates the structural representation of the conical probe in the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the present invention, below in conjunction with preferred embodiments and drawings, the present invention is described further.Parts similar in accompanying drawing represent with identical Reference numeral.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that specifically described content is illustrative and nonrestrictive, should not limit the scope of the invention with this below.
As shown in figs. 1 to 6, a kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument comprises sample bucket 1, lengthens cylinder 2, upper cover 3, division board 4, snow depth sounding rod 5 and conical probe 6.Sample bucket 1 adopts the stainless-steel tube of internal diameter 80mm to cut, the isolated port 11 that width is 1mm is offered near sample bucket 1 lower port place, the sidewall of sample bucket 1 offers the scale observation port 12 that width is 1mm, the side of scale observation port 12 etching on counting scale and opposite side and relative inner wall etching on precision be the scale of 1mm, adopt lathe thin at sampler barrel 1 top car, and alternate 90 ° of welding 4 evagination spinners, polish zigzag lower edge in 1cm position, sampler barrel 1 bottom.On sample bucket 1 from the distance on isolated port 11 to top be 100mm.
As shown in Figure 2, lengthening cylinder 2 adopts the stainless-steel tube of internal diameter 80mm to carry out cutting and obtaining, the sidewall of lengthening cylinder 2 offers the isolated port 11 and scale observation port 12 that width is 1mm, etching corresponding counting scale in lengthening cylinder scale observation port 22 side and etch precision at opposite side and relative inner thereof is the scale of 1mm, adopt lathe thin at sampler barrel 2 top car, and alternate 90 ° of welding 4 evagination spinners, the bottom inwall car lengthening cylinder 2 is thin, and cuts out the right angle spin slot of alternate 90 °.Lengthen on cylinder 2 from the distance on isolated port 11 to top be 100mm.
As shown in Figure 3, it is thin that inwall car is first about to by the stainless-steel tube that upper cover 3 gets internal diameter 80mm, and cut out the right angle spin slot of alternate 90 °, through cutting on the corrosion resistant plate being welded in the thick 3mm of diameter 80mm, and weld a high 2cm in steel plate middle, the female stainless-steel tube of inwall car.
As shown in Figure 4, the corrosion resistant plate that division board 4 adopts 0.8mm thick, cuts into the circle that diameter is 80mm, and circumferentially welds the rectangle corrosion resistant plate of a wide 1cm in division board 4, and steel plate and division board 4 circumference are matched.
As shown in Figure 5, snow depth sounding rod 5 adopts the pipe of diameter 2cm, cuts into the rod member of every 50cm mono-section, wherein the steel pipe of long 20cm is welded as swing handle 51 in one section of one end, other end car external threads is used for connecting, and all the other rod members all adopt one end internal thread, and the externally threaded job operation of the other end is made.On every pole part, all etching has circular scale.
As shown in Figure 6, conical probe 6 adopts the steel pipe car of long 1cm diameter 2cm to go out internal thread, is welded in a conical head with annular groove, annular groove spacing 4mm, the wide 1mm of each annular groove.
There is provided and adopt above-mentioned snow density determining instrument to carry out the snow density method for measuring of Seasonal Snow Cover district, comprise the steps:
1) according to field accumulated snow actual grade, and measure needs, by spinner, selectivity connects lengthening cylinder 2 and the sampler barrel 1 of suitable length, covers upper cover 3, and connects snow depth sounding rod 5 as drilling rod.
2) making the isolated port 11 of sampler barrel 1 just to operator, snow density analyzer being pierced in snow, to measuring desired depth.
3) utilize section to shovel and dig out a little accumulated snow section in isolated port 11 side, division board 4 is inserted in isolated port 11, take out sampler barrel.
4) sample complete, by sampler barrel surrounding and Bottomattached accumulated snow removing, by scale observation port 12 record sampling snow depth.
5) take off snow depth sounding rod 5 and upper cover 3, measure sample bucket 1 and lengthen cylinder 2 with spring balance, the total force of weigh record sampling instrument and snow core, finally can calculate density of snow by snow core volume and weight.
Adopt above-mentioned snow density determining instrument to carry out Seasonal Snow Cover district snow depth to measure, first three snow depth sounding rods 5 are threaded connection, make its total length reach 1.5m, then to be threaded conical head 6 by bottom, for checking whether measure snow depth sounding rod 5 inserts in soil.Often insert a snow depth sounding rod 5 down during mensuration, all will observe conical head annular groove belongings situation, to correct snow depth measured value, finally obtain accurate snow depth by circular scale.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described; and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments, every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of extending out or variation be still in the row of protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a density of snow snow depth determining instrument, it is characterized in that: this determining instrument comprises sample bucket, upper cover and at least one lengthening cylinder, the described end opening of lengthening cylinder is fixedly connected with the suitable for reading of sample bucket, described upper cover and sample bucket or the upper port lengthening cylinder are fixedly connected with, the close lower port place of described sample bucket and lengthening cylinder all offers the isolated port for inserting division board, the stack shell of described sample bucket and lengthening cylinder arranges scale observation port, counting scale is carved with in described scale observation port side, for indicating the order up and down of sampler barrel and lengthening cylinder, and convenient reading integer scale, the sampler barrel inwall on scale observation port opposite side and scale observation port opposite is carved with continuous scale, for reading decimal scale.
2. a kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this determining instrument also comprises a snow depth sounding rod and the conical probe with annular groove, described snow depth sounding rod is the demountable structure of TOE, described conical probe is equipped with the screw thread corresponding with the screw thread on snow depth sounding rod with the top of upper cover, and described snow depth sounding rod is fixedly connected with described conical probe or upper cover respectively by screw thread.
3. a kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the upper port place of described sample bucket and the upper and lower port of lengthening cylinder are equipped with the spinner matched.
4. a kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described division board is circular corrosion resistant plate isodiametric with described sample bucket, the outer end, side of described division board is provided with curved stainless steel sheet.
5. a kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the lower port of described sample bucket is for ease of boring the lower edge of the laciniation of the layer that opens ice.
6. a kind of density of snow snow depth determining instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the internal diameter of described sample bucket and lengthening cylinder is 80mm, and wall thickness is 0.8mm ~ 3.0mm, and described isolated port is 100mm to the distance of upper port.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510471731.9A CN105068154B (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Density of snow snow depth determining instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510471731.9A CN105068154B (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Density of snow snow depth determining instrument |
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| CN105068154A true CN105068154A (en) | 2015-11-18 |
| CN105068154B CN105068154B (en) | 2018-01-02 |
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| CN201510471731.9A Active CN105068154B (en) | 2015-08-04 | 2015-08-04 | Density of snow snow depth determining instrument |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109374851A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-22 | 新疆林科院森林生态研究所 | Snow device is adopted in a kind of monitoring of forest |
| CN109655377A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-19 | 湖南科技大学 | Portable snow deposit density measuring equipment and usage |
| CN109856008A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-07 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of snow deposit density measuring equipment and usage |
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| JP2004257891A (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-16 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Snow characteristic measuring apparatus |
| US20110219868A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Lane John Michael | Apparatus for detecting snow depth |
| CN202939061U (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-05-15 | 吉林大学 | Multi-section rotary thin wall type soil sampler |
| CN103837435A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Field snow density determination device |
| CN104344975A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-11 | 成都思达高科软件有限公司 | Power rotating soil sampler |
| CN204855843U (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-12-09 | 北京师范大学 | Dark determining instrument of snow density snow |
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2015
- 2015-08-04 CN CN201510471731.9A patent/CN105068154B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004257891A (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2004-09-16 | Sumitomo Rubber Ind Ltd | Snow characteristic measuring apparatus |
| US20110219868A1 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-15 | Lane John Michael | Apparatus for detecting snow depth |
| CN103837435A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Field snow density determination device |
| CN202939061U (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2013-05-15 | 吉林大学 | Multi-section rotary thin wall type soil sampler |
| CN104344975A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-11 | 成都思达高科软件有限公司 | Power rotating soil sampler |
| CN204855843U (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-12-09 | 北京师范大学 | Dark determining instrument of snow density snow |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109374851A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-02-22 | 新疆林科院森林生态研究所 | Snow device is adopted in a kind of monitoring of forest |
| CN109374851B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2021-06-08 | 新疆林科院森林生态研究所 | Forest monitoring snow sampler |
| CN109655377A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-04-19 | 湖南科技大学 | Portable snow deposit density measuring equipment and usage |
| CN109856008A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-06-07 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of snow deposit density measuring equipment and usage |
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| CN105068154B (en) | 2018-01-02 |
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