CN105068120A - Sound wave experiment method and identification method for tight sandstone fracture - Google Patents
Sound wave experiment method and identification method for tight sandstone fracture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sound wave experiment method for a tight sandstone fracture. The sound wave experiment method comprises a step S10, according to an index fitting relationship among a longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient, a transverse wave attenuation coefficient and a micron-grade fracture width, establishing a formula for determining the micron-grade fracture width by means of the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient and the transverse wave attenuation coefficient, y=B*e<A*x>; in the formula, y is the micron-grade fracture width; x is the longitudinal wave attenuation coefficient or the transverse wave attenuation coefficient; A is a first correction coefficient and is in 24-35; B is a second correction coefficient and is in 0.23-0.38; and the value of B is in positive correlation with the porosity of the sandstone. Furthermore the invention provides an identification method for the tight sandstone fracture. The sound wave experiment method and the identification method achieve a purpose of identifying the tight sandstone fracture in the micron-grade.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the logging evaluation technology of oil and gas exploration, particularly a kind of sound wave experiment method of tight sand crack and recognition methods.
Background technology
Tight sand crack identification is a difficult problem for logging evaluation.The micro-resisitivity image that adopts identified, evaluated formation fracture more past, in the water-based mud well of carbonate formation, obtained and applied preferably.But in tight sand microfracture stratum, particularly in oil-base mud well, effect is undesirable, and acoustic logging affects little by characteristics of mud in well, therefore, available wave amplitude decay identifies formation fracture.
Wave amplitude decay and the relation of characteristic of crack, study more in theory; But by the restriction of experiment condition, about the experiment desk research of acoustic logging, Chinese scholars research relatively less.The eighties in 20th century, Chen carried out experimental observation to acoustic full-range in minimodel well, had carried out multipole SWAL experimental study respectively thereafter for the hard formation of simulating and soft formation in minimodel well.Winkler etc. have observed the relation of Stoneley wave decay and crack penetration in minimodel well, and have done contrast with theoretical numerical analysis result.Tang etc. have carried out theoretical and experimental study to level and the response relation between vertically oriented fracture and Stoneley wave.Li Zhangwens etc. carried out full-wave train observation experiment and Data Management Analysis in artificial sand rock model well, and the change of study emphasis reservoir permeability and Size of Crack are to the research of sonic wavetrain and spectrum signature parameter influence thereof.Chinese scholars achieves many achievements about the acoustic logging experimental study of model well, but test the fracture width studied and all rest on grade, little to the experimental study of micron-sized fracture width, this is unfavorable to the identification of tight sand microfracture, evaluation application.
Factor of porosity to refer in rock mesoporosity volume or rock the ratio not by the spatial volume of solid matter filling and rock cumulative volume.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended at least solve one of problems of the prior art.
One of the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to solve on micron order the problem that tight sand crack identifies.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of sound wave experiment method of tight sand crack, comprise step S10, according to the exponential fitting relation of attenuation of P-wave coefficient, shear wave attenuation coefficient and micron order fracture width, set up and utilize described attenuation of P-wave coefficient, shear wave attenuation coefficient to obtain the formula determining micron order fracture width:
y＝B×e
A·x
In formula, y is micron order fracture width, x is attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, A is the slope obtaining matched curve according to fit correlation, scope is between 24 ~ 35, B is the intercept obtaining matched curve according to fit correlation, and scope is between 0.23 ~ 0.38, and the factor of porosity of B value and sandstone is proportionate.
Further, comprise step S9, according to the length of the rock core measured and the magnitudes of acoustic waves of measurement, determine attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, in step, adopt formula as follows:
In formula: x is attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, l is docking rock core total length; C
0for the wave amplitude measured when rock core zero stitches wide, C is sound wave wave amplitude when having crack.
Further, also step is comprised:
S1, being vertically sawn into one piece of regular length two pieces being used for simulating tight sand crack by measuring rock core, otch is scraped and is polished, and then vacuumizes, and weighs 1 also record; Saturated fresh water, weighs simultaneously again, and institute's on measured weight is combined and utilizes weight method to obtain core porosity under vacuum, wraps preservative film afterwards for subsequent use;
S2, digital oscilloscope is occurred with ultrasonic square-wave pulse/receiving instrument is connected, and the transmission transducer that described ultrasonic square-wave pulse generation/receiving instrument connects and receiving transducer fill the two ends of described two pieces of rock clampers after treatment respectively;
S3, be involutoryly contained on clamper by completely the same after coating butter between described two blocks of rock cores, described transmission transducer and receiving transducer are connected on two blocks of rock cores by couplant;
S4, is forced into 8 ~ 10 atmospheric pressure by core holding unit to two blocks of rock cores, and obtaining fracture width between two blocks of rock cores is the sound wave wave amplitude of zero correspondence;
S5, unclamps core holding unit, between described two blocks of rock cores, sandwich plastic sheeting;
S6, fixes two pieces of rock core positions, is again forced into 8 ~ 10 air pressure to two blocks of rock cores, obtains the sound wave wave amplitude that fracture width between two rock cores is corresponding;
S7, then plastic sheeting is sandwiched between described two blocks of rock cores, repeat step S6;
S8, repeats step S6, S7 and measures two blocks of rock cores and the plastic sheeting that sandwiches, obtain the sound wave wave amplitude after sandwiching plastic sheeting.
Further, the thickness of described plastic sheeting is between 10 ~ 30 μm.
Further, the described rock core length measured is 5cm, and diameter is 2.5cm.For solving the problems of the technologies described above, present invention also offers a kind of recognition methods of tight sand crack, described recognition methods is based on the formula y=B × e of above-mentioned determination micron order fracture width
axtight sand crack is identified.
Beneficial effect of the present invention there are provided a kind of sound wave experiment method of tight sand crack, the present invention clearly proposes experimental technique and the experiment condition in compressional wave and the shear wave information evaluation crack utilizing acoustic full-range, record compressional wave amplitude and shear wave amplitude by experiment and by calculating attenuation of P-wave coefficient and shear wave attenuation coefficient, thus simulate fracture evaluation identification formula, reach on micron order the object that tight sand crack identifies; This invention ensures that the homogeneity of experimental situation and condition, contribute to the validity of measurement data, and then ensure the accuracy correcting rear acoustic wave apparatus detection signal.Meanwhile, present invention also offers a kind of recognition methods of tight sand crack.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1 shows that embodiment of the present invention core experiment instrument assembling schematic diagram;
Figure 2 shows that embodiment of the present invention factor of porosity is the full waveform figure of the wide measurement of 3.7% different seam;
Rock core compressional wave amplitude when Figure 3 shows that embodiment of the present invention porosity is 4.5% after normalization and fracture width graph of a relation;
Rock core shear wave amplitude when Figure 4 shows that embodiment of the present invention porosity is 4.5% after normalization and fracture width graph of a relation;
Figure 5 shows that embodiment of the present invention acoustic attenuation coefficient and fracture width universal relation figure;
Figure 6 shows that embodiment of the present invention normalizing shear wave attenuation coefficient and fracture width graph of a relation;
Figure 7 shows that embodiment of the present invention acoustic logging calculates fracture width treatment effect figure.
Embodiment
Hereafter will describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with specific embodiments.It should be noted that the combination of technical characteristic or the technical characteristic described in following embodiment should not be considered to isolated, they can mutually be combined thus be reached better technique effect.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of sound wave experiment method of tight sand crack, as shown in Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 6, comprises step:
S1, being vertically sawn into one piece of regular length two pieces being used for simulating tight sand crack by measuring rock core, otch is scraped and is polished, and then vacuumizes, and weighs 1 also record; Saturated fresh water, weighs simultaneously again, and institute's on measured weight is combined and utilizes weight method to obtain core porosity under vacuum, and wrap preservative film afterwards for subsequent use, the described rock core length measured is 5cm, and diameter is 2.5cm;
S2, as shown in Figure 1, digital oscilloscope is occurred with ultrasonic square-wave pulse/receiving instrument is connected, the transmission transducer that described ultrasonic square-wave pulse generation/receiving instrument connects and receiving transducer fill the two ends of described two pieces of rock clampers after treatment respectively, digital oscilloscope adopts DS1102E type digital oscilloscope, and described ultrasonic square-wave pulse generation/receiving instrument adopts the ultrasonic square-wave pulse generation/receiving instrument of CTS-8077PR type;
S3, be involutoryly contained on clamper by completely the same after coating butter between described two blocks of rock cores, described transmission transducer and receiving transducer are connected on two blocks of rock cores by couplant;
S4, is forced into 8 ~ 10 atmospheric pressure by core holding unit to two blocks of rock cores, and obtaining fracture width between two blocks of rock cores is the sound wave wave amplitude of zero correspondence;
S5, unclamps core holding unit, and between described two blocks of rock cores, sandwich plastic sheeting, the thickness of described plastic sheeting is between 10 ~ 30 μm;
S6, fixes two pieces of rock core positions, is again forced into 8 ~ 10 air pressure to two blocks of rock cores, obtains the sound wave wave amplitude that fracture width between two rock cores is corresponding;
S7, then plastic sheeting is sandwiched between described two blocks of rock cores, repeat step S6;
S8, repeat step S6, S7 to measure two blocks of rock cores and the plastic sheeting that sandwiches, obtain the sound wave wave amplitude after sandwiching plastic sheeting, the full waveform figure of Fig. 2 to be factor of porosity be wide measurement of 3.7% different seam, as can be seen from the figure, along with the increase of fracture width, wave-shape amplitude has reduction trend, and particularly the decay of shear wave amplitude clearly, again as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, wave amplitude and fracture width relation are obviously in length and breadth, and along with the increase of fracture width, wave amplitude reduces;
S9, according to the length of the rock core measured and the magnitudes of acoustic waves of measurement, determines attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, adopts formula as follows in step:
In formula: x is attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, l is docking rock core total length; C
0for the wave amplitude measured when rock core zero stitches wide, C is sound wave wave amplitude when having crack;
S10, as shown in Figure 5, according to the exponential fitting relation of attenuation of P-wave coefficient, shear wave attenuation coefficient and micron order fracture width, sets up and utilizes described attenuation of P-wave coefficient, shear wave attenuation coefficient to obtain the formula determining micron order fracture width:
y＝B×e
A·x
In formula, y is micron order fracture width, x is attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, A is the slope obtaining matched curve according to fit correlation, scope is between 24 ~ 35, B is the intercept obtaining matched curve according to fit correlation, and scope is between 0.23 ~ 0.38, and the factor of porosity of B value and sandstone is proportionate.
In tight sand formation, sound wave in borehole full-wave train surveying instrument is utilized wave amplitude information in length and breadth to be detected, then be converted in length and breadth after wave attenuation coefficient according to the formula in step S9, after choosing suitable A and B according to formation porosity scope, the formulae discovery brought in step S10 obtains fracture width.
Consider the absorption of core porosity to acoustic energy, the relation of compressional wave, shear wave attenuation coefficient and fracture width in different aperture degree situation has been investigated in this experiment.Figure 6 shows that the relation of normalization shear wave attenuation coefficient and fracture width in factor of porosity 4.5%, 6.3%, 7.5% situation, both have good exponential relationship as seen from the figure, and factor of porosity is larger, and the fracture width that identical attenuation coefficient is corresponding is larger.So, utilize acoustic attenuation coefficient can set up the method calculating fracture width.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of recognition methods of tight sand crack, described recognition methods is based on the formula y=B × e of the determination micron order fracture width of above-described embodiment 1
axtight sand crack is identified, as shown in Figure 7, wherein, the 1st road display depth, the 2nd road is lithologic log curve, 4th road is formation porosity calculated curve, pack portion is pore space, and the 5th to for normalized compressional wave, shear wave amplitude curve, and the 6th road is wave attenuation curve in length and breadth, 7th road is crack width curve, comprises by the fracture width of attenuation of P-wave coefficient calculations and the fracture width that calculated by shear wave attenuation coefficient.From figure the rightmost side together, the fracture width calculated by compressional wave, shear wave attenuation coefficient shows this well at 6907-6916 rice, 6929-6945 rice two sections of formation fracture width comparatively greatly, belongs to fracture development stratum; Meanwhile, contrast two sections of fracture width numerical values recited, the fracture width of hypomere stratum 6929-6945 rice is larger than the numerical value of hypomere stratum 6907-6916 rice again, illustrates that hypomere crack is more grown.
So utilization basis in length and breadth wave amplitude estimates method and the formula of fracture width, can calculate, and evaluate formation fracture development condition to the crack of sandstone formation.
The invention provides a kind of sound wave experiment method of tight sand crack, the present invention clearly proposes experimental technique and the experiment condition in compressional wave and the shear wave information evaluation crack utilizing acoustic full-range, record compressional wave amplitude and shear wave amplitude by experiment and by calculating attenuation of P-wave coefficient and shear wave attenuation coefficient, thus simulate fracture evaluation identification formula, reach on micron order the object that tight sand crack identifies; This invention ensures that the homogeneity of experimental situation and condition, contribute to the validity of measurement data, and then ensure the accuracy correcting rear acoustic wave apparatus detection signal; Meanwhile, present invention also offers a kind of recognition methods of tight sand crack.
Although give some embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that without departing from the spirit of the invention herein, can change embodiment herein.Above-described embodiment is exemplary, should using embodiment herein as the restriction of interest field of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the sound wave experiment method in a tight sand crack, it is characterized in that, comprise step S10, according to the exponential fitting relation of attenuation of P-wave coefficient, shear wave attenuation coefficient and micron order fracture width, set up and utilize described attenuation of P-wave coefficient, shear wave attenuation coefficient to obtain the formula determining micron order fracture width:
y＝B×e
A·x
In formula, y is micron order fracture width, x is attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, A is the slope obtaining matched curve according to fit correlation, scope is between 24 ~ 35, B is the intercept obtaining matched curve according to fit correlation, and scope is between 0.23 ~ 0.38, and the factor of porosity of B value and sandstone is proportionate.
2. the sound wave experiment method in tight sand crack according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise step S9, according to the length of the rock core measured and the magnitudes of acoustic waves of measurement, determine attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, in step, adopt formula as follows:
In formula: x is attenuation of P-wave coefficient or shear wave attenuation coefficient, l is docking rock core total length; C
0for the wave amplitude measured when rock core zero stitches wide, C is sound wave wave amplitude when having crack.
3. the sound wave experiment method in tight sand crack according to claim 2, is characterized in that, also comprise step:
S1, being vertically sawn into one piece of regular length two pieces being used for simulating tight sand crack by measuring rock core, otch is scraped and is polished, and then vacuumizes, and weighs 1 also record; Saturated fresh water, weighs simultaneously again, and institute's on measured weight is combined and utilizes weight method to obtain core porosity under vacuum, wraps preservative film afterwards for subsequent use;
S2, digital oscilloscope is occurred with ultrasonic square-wave pulse/receiving instrument is connected, and the transmission transducer that described ultrasonic square-wave pulse generation/receiving instrument connects and receiving transducer fill the two ends of described two pieces of rock clampers after treatment respectively;
S3, be involutoryly contained on clamper by completely the same after coating butter between described two blocks of rock cores, described transmission transducer and receiving transducer are connected on two blocks of rock cores by couplant;
S4, is forced into 8 ~ 10 atmospheric pressure by core holding unit to two blocks of rock cores, and obtaining fracture width between two blocks of rock cores is the sound wave wave amplitude of zero correspondence;
S5, unclamps core holding unit, between described two blocks of rock cores, sandwich plastic sheeting;
S6, fixes two pieces of rock core positions, is again forced into 8 ~ 10 air pressure to two blocks of rock cores, obtains the sound wave wave amplitude that fracture width between two rock cores is corresponding;
S7, then plastic sheeting is sandwiched between described two blocks of rock cores, repeat step S6;
S8, repeats step S6, S7 and measures two blocks of rock cores and the plastic sheeting that sandwiches, obtain the sound wave wave amplitude after sandwiching plastic sheeting.
4. the sound wave experiment method in tight sand crack according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the thickness of described plastic sheeting is between 10 ~ 30 μm.
5. the sound wave experiment method in tight sand crack according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the described rock core length measured is 5cm, and diameter is 2.5cm.
6. the recognition methods in tight sand crack, is characterized in that, based on the formula y=B × e of the determination micron order fracture width as described in any one of claim 1 to 6
axtight sand crack is identified.
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| CN112065361A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-11 | 成都理工大学 | Method for determining gas saturation of tight reservoir based on sound wave attenuation |
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