CN106568846B - Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under rock core fracture width - Google Patents

Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under rock core fracture width Download PDF

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CN106568846B
CN106568846B CN201610933722.1A CN201610933722A CN106568846B CN 106568846 B CN106568846 B CN 106568846B CN 201610933722 A CN201610933722 A CN 201610933722A CN 106568846 B CN106568846 B CN 106568846B
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shear
rock core
crack
shear waves
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CN106568846A (en
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章成广
郑恭明
唐军
陈义群
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Yangtze University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/015—Attenuation, scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0232—Glass, ceramics, concrete or stone
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0422—Shear waves, transverse waves, horizontally polarised waves

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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement methods under rock core fracture width, the amplitude that this method passes through Shear Waves Splitting before and after measurement pressure break, and introduce relative damping coefficient, calculate the corresponding relative damping coefficient of pressure break front and back Shear Waves Splitting, when relative damping coefficient subtracts corresponding free from flaw after having crack, relative damping coefficient is to get the influence to decay to crack to Shear Waves Splitting.This method can reject rock sample anisotropy to Shear Waves Splitting influence of fading, only consider that fracture width, can quantitative assessment crack to Shear Waves Splitting influence of fading.

Description

Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under rock core fracture width
Technical field
The present invention relates to coupling pole s-wave logging technical fields, and in particular to Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient under rock core fracture width Measurement method.
Background technique
Acoustic wave of rock characteristic is the key that one of the geophysical parameters of evaluating reservoir in oil-gas exploration and development, is cement bond logging The basis of well data interpretation and application.It is existing to generate shear wave splitting when containing propagating in crannied anisotropic medium for shear wave As forming fast transverse wave and slow shear-wave, and the difference degree of parallel-vertical shear wave is proportional to the development degree of formation fracture, therefore Shear wave splitting phenomenon major embodiment is crack information.For the correlative study of rock core p-and s-wave velocity, amplitude fading, facilitate The pore structure of oil-bearing reservoir is more fully understood, all has to identification destination layer, the hole saturation degree for estimating reservoir etc. Significance.
Wherein, in anisotropic medium, the propagation characteristic of shear wave will change with the orientation of its inner structural features.Cause This, can use azimuth to determine the relationship between Shear-wave polarisation and the structural orientation of medium.In actual test, for side Just it for the sake of, has selected structure direction of the reference direction as medium, reference direction and original structure direction or has been overlapped or flat It is capable or vertical, therefore energy converter polarization has meant that the structural orientation of medium with the angle of reference direction.
Currently, to there are two types of the measurement methods of rock velocity anisotropy in laboratory: one is by shear wave emission source and Receive energy converter polarization by " Nicol prism " method place when, in anisotropy rock sample it is observed that two of shear wave splitting Component；Another kind with rotary process test can correctly obtain the first arrival time of two shear components, thus obtain rock sample it is each to Anisotropic degree.Both methods is substantially identical, and difference is that the rotation mode in shear wave transmitting-receiving energy converter polarization direction is different: " Nicol prism " method is to relatively rotate the polarization direction of ultrasonic shear waves transmitting-receiving energy converter, and the amplitude of acoustic signals is changed with transmitting-receiving Variable angle between energy device；Corkscrew rule is that the polarization direction of transmitting-receiving energy converter is consistent, rotates testing rock core, it can be determined that rock Heart shear wave velocity propagates fast or slow direction, and wave is clean to take-off, and peak amplitude is big, and velocity test precision is high.But this two Shear Waves Splitting in kind method is not eliminated the anisotropic influence of rock sample, cannot be quantified by the anisotropic influence of rock sample Evaluate crack.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, it is necessary to provide one kind to be influenced by eliminating rock sample anisotropy, only consider fracture width to speed Shear wave influence of fading is so as to Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under the rock core fracture width in quantitative assessment crack.
Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method, includes the following steps: under rock core fracture width
Step 1: production rock core, and rock core is clipped in shear wave measurement clamper, it is consistent that polarization direction is placed at both ends respectively Shear wave transmitter and shear wave receiver；
Step 2: one initial reference direction of label rotates rock core at a certain angle for interval, measures and records Mintrop wave and arrive Up to time, speed wave amplitude, Shear Waves Splitting direction is determined；
Step 3: extruding a vertical masonry joint on the fast transverse wave direction of rock core, and measure fracture width；
Step 4: crack is arranged to it is parallel with shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver polarization direction, measurement be parallel to crack Fast transverse wave；Crack is arranged to, measurement slow cross perpendicular to crack vertical with shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver polarization direction Wave；
Step 5: what Shear Waves Splitting amplitude and step 4 when the free from flaw obtained according to step 2 obtained has fast behind crack Slow shear-wave amplitude calculates corresponding relative damping coefficient, then will have relative damping coefficient behind crack to subtract corresponding free from flaw phase To attenuation coefficient to get the influence to decay to crack to Shear Waves Splitting.
Further, the method for relative damping coefficient is calculated in step 5 are as follows:
Shear Waves Splitting amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Fast transverse wave amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Slow shear-wave amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of rock core, AfIt is the averaged amplitude value of the seamless fast transverse wave of rock core, AsIt is the seamless slow shear-wave of rock core Averaged amplitude value, AffIt is the averaged amplitude value of fast transverse wave behind rock core crack, AsfIt is the average amplitude of slow shear-wave behind rock core crack Value.
Further, it is equipped with coupling material between shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver and rock core both ends, keeps axial pressure Power.
Further, the parallel misalignment of two end faces of rock core is less than ± 0.2 °, and the flatness error of end face is less than ± The perpendicularity deviation of 0.1mm, end face and axial hair line is less than ± 0.2 °.
Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under rock core fracture width of the invention, it is horizontal by speed before and after measurement pressure break The amplitude of wave, and relative damping coefficient is introduced, the corresponding relative damping coefficient of Shear Waves Splitting before and after pressure break is calculated, is split that will have Relative damping coefficient is when relative damping coefficient subtracts corresponding free from flaw after seam to get the shadow decayed to crack to Shear Waves Splitting It rings, rock sample anisotropy can be rejected to Shear Waves Splitting influence of fading, only consideration fracture width is to Shear Waves Splitting influence of fading, favorably In quantitative judge fracture opening or fracture spacing, for the development direction of formation fracture system and development degree prediction provide according to According to, and facilitate the research of fractured reservoirs.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is rock core acoustic measurement schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the experiment rock core before and after pressure break；
The measurement direction of the crack Fig. 4 shear wave；
Fig. 5 is rock core without Shear Waves Splitting when splitting；
Fig. 6 be it is corresponding with Fig. 5 rock core it is seamed after Shear Waves Splitting.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated, it should be understood that and the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.
The present invention provides Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under a kind of rock core fracture width, process as shown in Figure 1, Detailed process is as follows:
Step 1: production rock core, and rock core is clipped in shear wave measurement clamper, it is consistent that polarization direction is placed at both ends respectively Shear wave transmitter and shear wave receiver.
Specifically, rock core processing is made in accordance with national standard " Standard for test methods of engineering rock masses " (GB/T50266-2013) It is standby, guarantee that the parallel misalignment of two end faces of plunger rock core is less than ± 0.2 °, the flatness error of end face is less than ± 0.1mm, The perpendicularity deviation of end face and axial hair line is less than ± 0.2 °.
As shown in Fig. 2, rock core is clipped in shear wave measurement clamper, the consistent shear wave hair in polarization direction is placed at both ends respectively Emitter and shear wave receiver.The diameter of shear wave transmitter and shear wave receiver is less than the diameter of rock core, frequency range 250KHz- 500KHz.Between shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver and rock core be equipped with coupling material, such as using 0.1mm-0.2mm tinfoil paper or Aluminium foil keeps axial compressive force 2MPa (simulation ground) as coupling material.When the only tinfoil paper of 0.1mm-0.2mm or aluminium foil, Calibration when to measuring instrument progress zero.
Step 2: one initial reference direction of label rotates rock core at a certain angle for interval, measures and records Mintrop wave and arrive Up to time, speed wave amplitude, Shear Waves Splitting direction is determined.
Specifically, one initial reference direction of label, rotates rock sample at a certain angle for interval, for example, by using 5 °, 10 ° Deng the smaller accuracy of angle is higher.Then, the shear wave velocity of rock core and the time difference, Mintrop wave under different angle is measured and recorded to reach Time, speed wave amplitude, and two relative angles of Mintrop wave arrival time minimum and maximum are found out, as Shear Waves Splitting is opposite Direction, and Mintrop wave arrival time and Concerning With Fast-slow Waves range value are recorded in table 1.Shear Waves Splitting measures number before wherein table 1 indicates pressure break According to length is the length of rock core；Porosity, permeability are measured by routine experiment mode.
Shear Waves Splitting measurement data before 1 pressure break of table
Step 3: extruding a vertical masonry joint on the fast transverse wave direction of rock core, and measure fracture width.
Specifically, Brazilian Splitting Method can be used extrudes a vertical masonry joint on the fast transverse wave direction of rock core, as shown in figure 3, simultaneously Fracture width is measured by reading microscope and is recorded in table 2.
Step 4: crack is arranged to it is parallel with shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver polarization direction, measurement be parallel to crack Fast transverse wave；Crack is arranged to, measurement slow cross perpendicular to crack vertical with shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver polarization direction Wave.
As shown in figure 4, fast transverse wave and slow shear-wave perpendicular to crack that measurement is parallel to crack, and by Shear Waves Splitting Related data is recorded in table 2.Wherein, table 2 indicates Shear Waves Splitting measurement data after pressure break.
Shear Waves Splitting measurement data after 2 pressure break of table
The amplitude fading of Shear Waves Splitting is related with lithology, stress and fracture strike and width.Fast transverse wave and stratification direction one It causes, also consistent with the measurement direction of permeability, slow shear-wave is vertical with stratification direction；The influence of the stress as suffered by rock core again, i.e., Fast transverse wave is mainly influenced by horizontal stress, and slow shear-wave is mainly influenced by burden pressure；To sum up factor, slow shear-wave are more horizontal than fast Energy decays are faster.And test result of the invention verifies it, part measured waveform is as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6.From Fig. 5-6 can be seen that the amplitude ratio suppression ratio fast transverse wave of slow shear-wave faster.
Step 5: what Shear Waves Splitting amplitude and step 4 when the free from flaw obtained according to step 2 obtained has fast behind crack Slow shear-wave amplitude calculates corresponding relative damping coefficient, then will have relative damping coefficient behind crack to subtract corresponding free from flaw phase To attenuation coefficient to get the influence to decay to crack to Shear Waves Splitting.
Specifically, indicating the size attenuation coefficient Q that sound wave is decayed in certain Propagation, attenuation coefficient Q is pressed Formula calculates:
Wherein, X is measured place apart from sound source length, A0It is the acoustic pressure at sound source, A is the acoustic pressure of measured place.
Shear Waves Splitting amplitude relative damping coefficient is introduced according to the definition of acoustic attenuation coefficient:
Fast transverse wave amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Slow shear-wave amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of rock core, AfIt is the averaged amplitude value of the seamless fast transverse wave of rock core, AsIt is the seamless slow shear-wave of rock core Averaged amplitude value, AffIt is the averaged amplitude value of fast transverse wave behind rock core crack, AsfIt is the average amplitude of slow shear-wave behind rock core crack Value.
Since Shear Waves Splitting is in same Propagation, frequency is very close, it is believed that its diffusive attenuation and suction Receive decaying it is identical, only its diffusive attenuation due to its there are it is anisotropic presence and it is different.Here relative damping coefficient is introduced To react its anisotropic size.
According to formula (2)-(4), Shear Waves Splitting Amplitude Ratio before and after pressure break seam, opposite can be calculated by the data measured Attenuation coefficient, fast transverse wave Amplitude Ratio and slow shear-wave Amplitude Ratio.Wherein, relative damping coefficient when seamless be by it is seamless when width Spend Af/AsRatio calculation obtains；Relative damping coefficient after seamed is by the amplitude A after seamedff/AsfRatio calculation obtains； Fast transverse wave amplitude relative damping coefficient is by the amplitude A before and after tooled jointf/AffRatio calculation obtains；Slow shear-wave amplitude is opposite to decline Subtracting coefficient is by amplitude A before and after tooled joints/AsfRatio calculation obtains.Treated, and waveform attenuating data result is as shown in table 3.
Treated the waveform attenuating data of table 3
The anisotropy for causing Acoustic Wave Propagation different degrees of due to rock core internal pore structure difference.It can from Fig. 5-6 The amplitude ratio suppression ratio fast transverse wave of slow shear-wave is faster out；Table 3 is reflected on relative attenuation index then on the contrary, fast transverse wave amplitude Relative attenuation index it is smaller than the relative attenuation index of slow shear-wave amplitude.Relative damping coefficient when seamless is by rock core itself Anisotropy caused by, and it is seamed after relative attenuation be then caused by crack and rock core anisotropy collective effect.Two Person subtracts each other, and is regarded as rejecting the anisotropic influence of rock core, is only that crack causes the amplitude fading of Shear Waves Splitting.Due to It eliminates unevenly stress and the influence in crack is only considered, it is possible to utilize Shear Waves Splitting to the anisotropic influence of shear wave The attenuation rate of amplitude effectively evaluates the development degree in crack, identifies the validity in crack.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under rock core fracture width, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: production rock core, and rock core is clipped in shear wave measurement clamper, the consistent cross in polarization direction is placed at both ends respectively Wave launcher and shear wave receiver；
Step 2: one initial reference direction of label rotates rock core at a certain angle for interval, when measuring and recording Mintrop wave arrival Between, speed wave amplitude, determine Shear Waves Splitting direction；
Step 3: extruding a vertical masonry joint on the fast transverse wave direction of rock core, and measure fracture width；
Step 4: crack is arranged to it is parallel with shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver polarization direction, measurement be parallel to the fast of crack Shear wave；Crack is arranged to, measurement slow shear-wave perpendicular to crack vertical with shear wave transmitter, shear wave receiver polarization direction；
Step 5: what Shear Waves Splitting amplitude and step 4 when the free from flaw obtained according to step 2 obtained has the speed behind crack horizontal Wave amplitude calculates corresponding relative damping coefficient, then will have opposite when relative damping coefficient subtracts corresponding free from flaw behind crack decline Subtract coefficient to get the influence to decay to crack to Shear Waves Splitting；The method of relative damping coefficient is calculated in step 5 are as follows:
Shear Waves Splitting amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Fast transverse wave amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Slow shear-wave amplitude relative damping coefficient are as follows:
Wherein, L is the length of rock core, AfIt is the averaged amplitude value of the seamless fast transverse wave of rock core, AsIt is being averaged for the seamless slow shear-wave of rock core Range value, AffIt is the averaged amplitude value of fast transverse wave behind rock core crack, AsfIt is the averaged amplitude value of slow shear-wave behind rock core crack.
2. Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under rock core fracture width according to claim 1, which is characterized in that horizontal It is equipped with coupling material between wave launcher, shear wave receiver and rock core both ends, keeps axial compressive force.
3. Shear Waves Splitting attenuation coefficient measurement method under rock core fracture width according to claim 1, which is characterized in that rock The parallel misalignment of two end faces of the heart is less than ± 0.2 °, and the flatness error of end face is less than ± 0.1mm, end face and axial hair line Perpendicularity deviation be less than ± 0.2 °.
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CN109374757B (en) * 2018-10-30 2021-06-29 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 Method for evaluating effectiveness of igneous rock reservoir by applying sound wave amplitude quantification treatment
CN109596713A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-04-09 西南石油大学 A kind of coal petrography ultrasonic wave attenuation coefficient evaluation method based on Fractal
CN110295892B (en) * 2019-06-21 2020-07-10 中国石油大学(北京) Method and device for determining transverse wave attenuation factor in multi-polar subarray acoustic logging
CN112362748B (en) * 2020-11-17 2022-01-28 中南大学 Method and device for measuring relation between ultrasonic transverse wave attenuation coefficient and frequency of material
CN114325838A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-12 中国石油化工集团有限公司 Stratum fracture logging evaluation method based on array sound wave amplitude attenuation
CN118275209B (en) * 2024-05-29 2024-09-20 深圳大学 Method for preparing pore rock and method for quantitatively researching low-amplitude wave propagation by using pore rock

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