CN105067049A - Differential pressure type flow measuring device based on rotational flow principle and method - Google Patents
Differential pressure type flow measuring device based on rotational flow principle and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a differential pressure type flow measuring device based on rotational flow principle and a method. The flow measuring device comprises a pipe channel whose diameter is D. A statistically-arranged cyclone which closely clings to the pipe wall is arranged in the pipe channel. A pipe wall pressure obtaining pipe and a pipe center pressure obtaining pipe are arranged on a pipe channel of the downstream of the cyclone. An outlet of the pipe wall pressure obtaining pipe and an outlet of the pipe center pressure obtaining pipe are respectively communicated with two fluid inlets of a differential pressure transformer. The flow measuring device calculates average flow rate by measuring pressure difference of the same level, and then calculates flow according the average flow rate, so compared with a traditional differential pressure type flowmeter, required direct pipe sections are greatly reduced, differential pressure is greatly reduced, and the flow measuring device is highly adaptable to rotary flowing and eddy current. For multi-phase fluid, the cyclone is capable of rectifying complex multi-phase fluid to be in mutually separated state and symmetrical relative to the axis in the pipe, thereby further facilitating measurement.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fluid measurement technical field, be specifically related to a kind of differential pressure type flow meter based on eddy flow principle and method.
Background technology
In field of flow measurement, differential pressure flowmeter accounts for more than 1/3 of flowmeter sum, and no matter from developing history, range of application and usage quantity, it is all undisputed first class flowmeter.At present, conventional differential pressure flowmeter is divided into two large classes: throttle type and flow around type.Throttle type comprises standard form (orifice plate, nozzle and Venturi tube) and non-standard (slotted orifice plate, porous plate, 1/4 orifice plate, bend pipe, conical entrance orifice plate etc.).Flow around type comprises annular orifice, circular passage (V-type inner cone, groove-type etc.), even speed tube etc.
The advantage of standard orifice plate restriction device is that structure is simple, application technology is ripe, product realizes standardization, is current commercial Application flow instrument the most widely; But its shortcoming is also a lot: permanent compression loss is excessive, require that upstream and downstream has longer straight length, range ratio narrow when installing, be only 3:1, accuracy decline that verge of opening passivation can make it, fluid flow through restriction device before a fluid stream must be parallel with conduit axis and must not rotating flow etc. be had.Although nozzle and the venturi Pressure Loss Ratio orifice plate when same traffic and β value is low by 30% ~ 50%, nozzle and venturi expensive, structure is more complicated.
Elbowmeter is the differential pressure flowmeter utilizing side pressure difference measurements flow inside and outside bend pipe, its advantage is cost lower, the easy installation of cost and use, shortcoming is the interference easily occurring Secondary Flow, because coefficient of flow is very responsive by the impact of bend pipe structure dimensional parameters R/D, so be not easy very much to realize standardization.
For the measurement of multiphase flow rate, elbowmeter cannot realize, and due to the flow operating mode complicacy of two-phase fluid, orifice plate, nozzle, venturi cannot use unified experimental formula, general employing combined method is measured, as the dual grooved orifice plate combination that LiYuxing etc. proposes, Venturi tube-vortex shedding flow meter the combination of ZhiqiangSun, slotted orifice plate-vortex precession flowmeter the combination of ChenquanHua etc., the orifice plate that C.H.Hong etc. propose or Venturi tube-critical flow nozzle combination, Venturi tube-laminar flow flowmeter combination etc. that ShunpeiYamazaki etc. propose, these methods can normally work in certain scope, and once exceed its measurement range, flow signal will be submerged in strong " noise ", measuring error sharply increases thereupon and even can not work.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of differential pressure type flow meter based on eddy flow principle and method, straight length required for the present invention shortens greatly, and pressure reduction also greatly reduces, and has fabulous adaptability to the situation of rotational flow and eddy current; For heterogeneous fluid, the heterogeneous fluid of complexity can be rectified in pipe symmetric about the axis by swirl-flow devices " separates " state mutually, thus be more convenient to measure, simple cyclone is only due to what affect that this kind of method measure, so compare other non-standard differential pressure flowmeters, this kind of method and apparatus more easily realizes standardization.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of differential pressure type flow meter based on eddy flow principle, comprise the pipeline 7 that a diameter is D, be provided with in pipeline 7 and fit tightly and the cyclone 2 of static arrangement with tube wall, the install pipeline in cyclone 2 downstream has tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5, and tube wall pressure pipe 4 is connected with two fluid inlets of differential pressure transmitter 6 respectively with the outlet of tube hub pressure pipe 5.
Described cyclone 2 is positioned at the downstream of entrance 1, and distance is between the two not less than 2D.
Described cyclone 2 is positioned at the upstream of pipe outlet 3, and distance is between the two not less than 2D.
Described tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5 are positioned at 2D ~ 10D place, cyclone 2 downstream, and the axis of tube wall pressure pipe 4 and the pressure tappings of tube hub pressure pipe 5 are positioned at same level.
The pressure port diameter at described tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5 place is 0.5 ~ 2.0mm.
The axis of described tube wall pressure pipe 4 place pressure port is vertical with tube wall.
The pressure port axis direction of described tube hub pressure pipe 5 is identical with flow direction.
Based on a differential pressure type flow measurement method for eddy flow principle, comprise the following steps:
Step one, when fluid flows through the cyclone 2 in pipeline 7, because fluid is subject to the constraint of cyclone 2, fluid is forced to produce vortex flow according to the shape of cyclone 2, fluid rotates around tube hub axle, rotation limit, limit flow further downstream, its flow trace is approximately a helix, and the centrifugal force that fluid produces makes fluid produce pressure reduction at tube wall and tube hub, tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5 take out the static pressure of tube wall and tube hub respectively, and both pressure reduction is measured by differential pressure transmitter 6;
Step 2, for cyclone 2, after the size of fluid flow and cyclone 2 there is certain relation in the pressure reduction of a certain xsect tube wall and tube hub, and get the infinitesimal fluid of a certain xsect, the centrifugal force of unit mass micro unit is
it should balance each other with pressure gradient, that is:
From INTEGRAL THEOREM OF MEAN, total exist a radius r
*, the tangential flow velocity at this place can represent the tangential mean flow rate in this cross section
then formula (1) pair radius is obtained from 0-R integration:
In formula
and r
*represent the tangential mean flow rate in cross section and mean radius corresponding to mean flow rate respectively, R represents internal diameter of the pipeline;
Step 3, because fluid is by being do rotation to move upward after cyclone, if cyclone is certain, so axial mean flow rate and the tangential mean flow rate in certain cross section certainly exist a fixing proportionate relationship, and this tangential mean flow rate is linear with 1/2 power of pressure reduction, that is 1/2 power of axial mean flow rate and certain cross section tube wall and tube hub pressure reduction is linear:
In formula, α represents coefficient of flow, and relevant with pipe diameter, sectional position, its value is demarcated by experiment and drawn; Pressure drop when Δ P represents that fluid media (medium) flows through a certain cross section between pipeline center and tube wall; ρ represents Media density;
Step 4, for monophasic fluid, according to formula
try to achieve the flow of fluid; For heterogeneous fluid, be multiplied by the actual internal area of corresponding each phase by the axial mean flow rate of each phase, the flow of each phase can be obtained.
Measuring principle of the present invention is:
For cyclone, after the size of fluid flow and cyclone there is certain relation in the pressure differential deltap P of a certain xsect upper tube wall and tube hub, verified, axial mean flow rate from simulation and experiment
linear with 1/2 power of this cross section tube wall and tube hub pressure differential deltap P, and from cyclone more away from, coefficient of flow α is larger; Therefore only need to demarcate specific hydrocyclone structure in advance, according to the pressure difference in cross section a certain after the cyclone measured, the axial mean flow rate of pipeline can be drawn, and then learn the flow of fluid.
Advantage of the present invention:
By comparison, required straight length shortens greatly, and pressure reduction also greatly reduces for the present invention and traditional differential pressure flowmeter, and has fabulous adaptability to the situation of rotational flow and eddy current; For heterogeneous fluid, the heterogeneous fluid of complexity can be rectified in pipe symmetric about the axis by swirl-flow devices " separates " state mutually, thus be more convenient to measure, simple cyclone is only due to what affect that this kind of method measure, so compare other non-standard differential pressure flowmeters, this kind of method and apparatus more easily realizes standardization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of 1/2 power of axial mean flow rate and tube wall and tube hub pressure reduction.
When Fig. 3 is biphase gas and liquid flow (gas flow is 2L/min), the graph of a relation of 1/2 power of aqueous phase flow and tube wall and tube hub pressure reduction.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described in more detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of differential pressure type flow meter based on eddy flow principle, comprise the pipeline 7 that a diameter is D, be provided with in pipeline 7 and fit tightly and the cyclone 2 of static arrangement with tube wall, the install pipeline in cyclone 2 downstream has tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5, and tube wall pressure pipe 4 is connected with two fluid inlets of differential pressure transmitter 6 respectively with the outlet of tube hub pressure pipe 5.
Described cyclone 2 is positioned at the downstream of entrance 1, and distance is between the two not less than 2D.
Described cyclone 2 is positioned at the upstream of pipe outlet 3, and distance is between the two not less than 2D.
Described tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5 are positioned at 2D ~ 10D place, cyclone 2 downstream, and the axis of tube wall pressure pipe 4 and the pressure tappings of tube hub pressure pipe 5 are positioned at same level.
The pressure port diameter at described tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5 place is 0.5 ~ 2.0mm.
The axis of described tube wall pressure pipe 4 place pressure port is vertical with tube wall.
The pressure port axis direction of described tube hub pressure pipe 5 is identical with flow direction.
Based on a differential pressure type flow measurement method for eddy flow principle, comprise the following steps:
Step one, when fluid flows through the cyclone 2 in pipeline 7, because fluid is subject to the constraint of cyclone 2, fluid is forced to produce vortex flow according to the shape of cyclone 2, fluid rotates around tube hub axle, rotation limit, limit flow further downstream, its flow trace is approximately a helix, and the centrifugal force that fluid produces makes fluid produce pressure reduction at tube wall and tube hub.The size of this centrifugal force is relevant with factors such as the density of the tangential flow velocity of fluid, internal diameter of the pipeline, fluid and the shapes of cyclone 2, tube wall pressure pipe 4 and tube hub pressure pipe 5 can take out the static pressure of tube wall and tube hub respectively, and both pressure reduction can be measured by differential pressure transmitter 6;
Step 2, for cyclone 2, after the size of fluid flow and cyclone 2 there is certain relation in the pressure reduction of a certain xsect tube wall and tube hub, and analytic process is as follows:
Get the infinitesimal fluid of a certain xsect, the centrifugal force of unit mass micro unit is
it should balance each other with pressure gradient, that is:
By spin theory, from the tangential velocity variation rule along radius, the tangential velocity of micro unit can be divided into potential barrier Rotary District and like solid Rotary District, that is, there is a radius is the face of cylinder of r, tangential velocity is maximum thereon, and the region being less than this diameter is called that, like solid Rotary District, tangential velocity reduces with radius and increases; The region being greater than this diameter is called potential barrier Rotary District, and tangential velocity value and radius r are inversely proportional to, and the closer to axle center, tangential velocity is larger.
From INTEGRAL THEOREM OF MEAN, total exist a radius r
*, the tangential flow velocity at this place can represent the tangential mean flow rate in this cross section
then formula (1) pair radius is obtained from 0-R integration:
In formula
and r
*represent the tangential mean flow rate in cross section and mean radius corresponding to mean flow rate respectively, R represents internal diameter of the pipeline.
Step 3, want the flow asking fluid, axial mean flow rate must be tried to achieve
but the regularity of distribution of axial velocity is more more complex than tangential velocity, can not carry out simple theoretical analysis, main cause is the structural shape variation due to physical device.
Because fluid is by being do rotation to move upward after cyclone, if cyclone is certain, so axial mean flow rate and the tangential mean flow rate in certain cross section certainly exist a fixing proportionate relationship, and this tangential mean flow rate is linear with 1/2 power of pressure reduction, that is 1/2 power of axial mean flow rate and certain cross section tube wall and tube hub pressure reduction is linear:
In formula, α represents coefficient of flow, relevant with pipe diameter, sectional position etc., and pressure drop when Δ P represents that fluid media (medium) flows through a certain cross section between pipeline center and tube wall, ρ represents Media density.
Due to the axial mean flow rate in all cross sections of pipeline
be certain, and along with the carrying out of flow direction, swirl strength can weaken gradually, and the pressure differential deltap P of tube wall and pipeline center can reduce gradually, thus causes the tangential mean flow rate of different cross section
be different, that is coefficient of flow α is then relevant with the distance of cross-sectional distance cyclone, and distance cyclone is far away, and the value of α is larger.
In order to verify conclusions, we adopt 1 writing brush footpath (D=25.4mm), cyclone adopts specific " 8 eddy flows ", fluid media (medium) is water, we record the pressure reduction of pipeline center and tube wall respectively at cyclone downstream 2.7D and 11.8D place, by changing the flow of water, we delineate axial mean flow rate
with the graph of a relation of this cross section tube wall and tube hub pressure differential deltap P.
As shown in Figure 2, for the position of cyclone downstream 2.7D,
with the pass of Δ P be:
now α=0.5059
For the position of cyclone downstream 11.8D,
with the pass of Δ P be:
now α=0.6672
Known, axial mean flow rate
with this cross section tube wall and tube hub pressure differential deltap P linear, and from cyclone more away from, coefficient of flow α is larger.Therefore only need to demarcate specific hydrocyclone structure in advance, according to the pressure difference in cross section a certain after the cyclone measured, the axial mean flow rate of pipeline can be drawn, and then learn the flow of fluid.
In like manner, for polyphasic flow, for biphase gas and liquid flow (Air-Water), after gas-liquid two-phase fluid flows through swirl-flow devices, due to density variation, " separating mutually " phenomenon can be there is, namely rely on the effect of centrifugal force, biphase gas and liquid flow is separated into annular stream symmetric about the axis in pipe, and center is gas core, tube wall is annular liquid, has clear smooth interface between two-phase.When gas flow is 2L/min, as shown in Figure 3, aqueous phase flow and this cross section tube wall and tube hub pressure differential deltap P are also in certain linear relationship, as long as by demarcating, just can be calculated the size of flow by the differential manometer in cross section a certain after eddy flow.
Step 4, for monophasic fluid, according to formula
try to achieve the flow of fluid.For heterogeneous fluid, be also multiplied by the actual internal area of corresponding each phase by the axial mean flow rate of each phase, the flow of each phase can be obtained.
Claims (8)
1. the differential pressure type flow meter based on eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, comprise the pipeline (7) that a diameter is D, be provided with in pipeline (7) and fit tightly and the cyclone of static arrangement (2) with tube wall, the install pipeline in cyclone (2) downstream has tube wall pressure pipe (4) and tube hub pressure pipe (5), and tube wall pressure pipe (4) is connected with two fluid inlets of differential pressure transmitter (6) respectively with the outlet of tube hub pressure pipe (5).
2. based on a differential pressure type flow meter for eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, described cyclone (2) is positioned at the downstream of entrance (1), and distance is between the two not less than 2D.
3. based on a differential pressure type flow meter for eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, described cyclone 2 is positioned at the upstream of pipe outlet (3), and distance is between the two not less than 2D.
4. the differential pressure type flow meter based on eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, described tube wall pressure pipe (4) and tube hub pressure pipe (5) are positioned at 2D ~ 10D place, cyclone (2) downstream, and the axis of tube wall pressure pipe (4) and the pressure tappings of tube hub pressure pipe (5) are positioned at same level.
5. based on a differential pressure type flow meter for eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, the pressure port diameter at described tube wall pressure pipe (4) and tube hub pressure pipe (5) place is 0.5 ~ 2.0mm.
6. based on a differential pressure type flow meter for eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, the axis of described tube wall pressure pipe (4) place pressure port is vertical with tube wall.
7. based on a differential pressure type flow meter for eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, the pressure port axis direction of described tube hub pressure pipe (5) is identical with flow direction.
8. based on a measuring method for the differential pressure type flow meter of eddy flow principle, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
When step one, cyclone (2) flowed through when fluid in pipeline (7), because fluid is subject to the constraint of cyclone (2), fluid is forced to produce vortex flow according to the shape of cyclone (2), fluid rotates around tube hub axle, rotation limit, limit flow further downstream, its flow trace is approximately a helix, the centrifugal force that fluid produces makes fluid produce pressure reduction at tube wall and tube hub, tube wall pressure pipe (4) and tube hub pressure pipe (5) take out the static pressure of tube wall and tube hub respectively, and both pressure reduction is measured by differential pressure transmitter (6);
Step 2, for cyclone (2), there is certain relation in the pressure reduction of the size of fluid flow and cyclone (2) a certain xsect tube wall and tube hub afterwards, get the infinitesimal fluid of a certain xsect, the centrifugal force of unit mass micro unit is
it should balance each other with pressure gradient, that is:
From INTEGRAL THEOREM OF MEAN, total exist a radius r
*, the tangential flow velocity at this place can represent the tangential mean flow rate in this cross section
then formula (1) pair radius is obtained from 0-R integration:
In formula
and r
*represent the tangential mean flow rate in cross section and mean radius corresponding to mean flow rate respectively, R represents internal diameter of the pipeline;
Step 3, because fluid is by being do rotation to move upward after cyclone, if cyclone is certain, so axial mean flow rate and the tangential mean flow rate in certain cross section certainly exist a fixing proportionate relationship, and this tangential mean flow rate is linear with 1/2 power of pressure reduction, that is 1/2 power of axial mean flow rate and certain cross section tube wall and tube hub pressure reduction is linear:
In formula, α represents coefficient of flow, and relevant with pipe diameter, sectional position, its value is demarcated by experiment and drawn; Pressure drop when Δ P represents that fluid media (medium) flows through a certain cross section between pipeline center and tube wall; ρ represents Media density;
Step 4, for monophasic fluid, according to formula
try to achieve the flow of fluid; For heterogeneous fluid, be multiplied by the actual internal area of corresponding each phase by the axial mean flow rate of each phase, the flow of each phase can be obtained.
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| CN113887047A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-04 | 天津大学 | Modeling method for gas core speed of attenuation spiral annular flow |
| CN113887047B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-02-28 | 天津大学 | Modeling method for gas core speed of attenuation spiral annular flow |
| CN114964393A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-08-30 | 常州艾肯智造科技有限公司 | Steam flowmeter with air pressure compensation metering |
| CN114964393B (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-10-21 | 常州艾肯智造科技有限公司 | Steam flowmeter with air pressure compensation metering |
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