CN105061732A - 一种含碲导电高分子复合纳米线及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含碲导电高分子复合纳米线及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003498 tellurium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000005580 one pot reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- BFPJYWDBBLZXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium tellurite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Te]([O-])=O BFPJYWDBBLZXOM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- VOADVZVYWFSHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium tellurite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Te]([O-])=O VOADVZVYWFSHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
一种含碲导电高分子复合纳米线及其一步氧化还原制备的方法,属于导电高分子复合纳米材料可控制备技术领域。本发明以导电高分子单体(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩、吡咯、苯胺等)作为还原剂,含碲化合物作为氧化剂,酸性溶液作为反应环境,采用简单的油浴加热方法,一步制备出核为碲棒、壳为导电高分子的核壳结构纳米复合材料。含碲化合物具备一定的氧化性,在酸性条件下可使导电高分子单体氧化聚合,同时自身被还原为碲单质。碲单质在水溶液中很容易成为纳米结晶并延某一方向生长成为纳米棒,被氧化生成的导电高分子聚合物会包覆在纳米棒上,形成相容性良好的核壳纳米复合结构。该复合纳米线可作为前驱体来制备含其它元素的导电高分子复合纳米线。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于导电高分子复合纳米材料可控制备技术领域,具体涉及一种含碲导电高分子复合纳米线及其一步氧化还原制备的方法。
背景技术
导电高分子是高分子材料领域中的一个重要部分,其较高的电导率、可逆的掺杂脱掺杂特性、优异的理化性能等优点引起了科学家的广泛关注。纳米材料是材料科学中的一个热点,将纳米概念引入到导电高分子中,可以大大提升材料的比表面积、导电性,同时其溶解性、加工性等也得以改善。目前,导电高分子纳米材料已经在纳电子器件、传感器、催化、环境、能源、生物医学等众多领域得到广泛应用。
将导电高分子与无机纳米材料复合,制备导电高分子/无机纳米粒子复合纳米材料,是近年来纳米复合材料领域的一个重要研究方向。这种材料集高分子自身的导电性与纳米颗粒的功能性于一体,具有极强的应用背景。同时,由于高分子与无机纳米粒子之间的协同作用,复合纳米材料往往可以表现出明显超出单一组分的性质。导电高分子复合纳米材料的制备方法对其性质有着极大的影响,合理的制备手段可以大大提升材料之间的相容性,使其协同作用更好地得以表现。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种含碲导电高分子纳米线及其一步氧化还原的制备方法。
本发明以导电高分子单体(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩、吡咯、苯胺等)作为还原剂,含碲化合物作为氧化剂,酸性溶液作为反应环境,采用简单的油浴加热方法,一步制备出核为碲棒、壳为导电高分子的核壳结构纳米复合材料。这种材料和制备方法的创新性是制备简单、碲棒与导电高分子复合良好,整体以纳米线形貌存在。该方法简单易行,易于推广。
本发明所述的一步法氧化还原制备含碲导电高分子复合纳米线的方法,其特征在于:将0.1~0.3g含碲化合物加入到20~40mL、浓度为0.5~2M的盐酸水溶液中,超声2~5min,然后加入0.03~0.1g导电高分子单体,在70~110℃油浴中磁力搅拌4~6h,离心分离,用水和乙醇洗涤,干燥后得到导电高分子和碲棒的复合纳米材料。
进一步地,含碲化合物为亚碲酸钠、亚碲酸钾中的一种。导电高分子单体为3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩、吡咯、苯胺中的一种。
本发明的机制可做如下理解:
含碲化合物具备一定的氧化性,在酸性条件下可使导电高分子单体氧化聚合,同时自身被还原为碲单质。碲单质在水溶液中很容易成为纳米结晶并延某一方向生长成为纳米棒,被氧化生成的导电高分子聚合物会包覆在纳米棒上,形成相容性良好的核壳纳米复合结构。该产品是一种性能良好的光电以及热电材料,同时也可作为前驱体,制备含其他元素单质的导电高分子复合材料。
附图说明
图1:含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线的扫描电镜照片;
图2:含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线的透射电镜照片;
图3:含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线的X射线衍射谱图(XRD);
图4:含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线的红外谱图。
如图1、2所示,实施例2所制得的含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线的扫描电镜和透射电镜照片,可以看出本发明制得的含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线形貌良好,成纤维线状结构。其中内部组分为碲棒,直径10nm左右。外部为聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩,厚度约5-15nm。
如图3所示,实施例2所制得的含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线的X射线衍射谱图。可以看出材料表现出Te的(100),(101),(102),(111),(003),(201),(112),(202),(113),(104),(212)面的特征衍射峰,这与Te的PDF#01-0714卡片相对应,证明了生成的是Te单质。
如图4所示,实施例2所制得的含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米线的红外谱图,显示出了聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩的典型曲线。1541~1474cm-1处的吸收峰归因于EDOT单体中噻吩环Cα=Cβ的不对称伸缩振动。1384cm-1和1360cm-1处的吸收峰归因于Cβ=Cβ的伸缩振动。1239,1152,1074cm-1处的吸收峰归因于乙二氧基团C-O-C的伸缩振动。988,846和691cm-1处的吸收峰归属于C-S的伸缩振动。同时我们还在2850~2980cm-1处观察到了较弱的吸收峰,这归属于乙二氧基团的CH2伸缩振动。证明了复合材料中含有聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的几个实施例,进一步说明本发明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
实施例1
将0.2216gNa2TeO3加入到30mL1M的盐酸水溶液中,超声3min,使其溶解均匀。然后加入0.028g吡咯单体,在90℃油浴中磁力搅拌5h,离心分离,用水和乙醇分别洗涤三次,真空烘箱干燥后得到含碲聚吡咯复合纳米材料,最终得到产物质量为0.045g。
实施例2
将0.2216gNa2TeO3加入到30mL1M的盐酸水溶液中,超声3min,使其溶解均匀。然后加入0.06g3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩单体,在90℃油浴中磁力搅拌5h,离心分离,用水和乙醇分别洗涤三次,真空烘箱干燥后得到含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米材料,最终得到产物质量为0.068g。
实施例3
将0.2538gK2TeO3加入到30mL1M的盐酸水溶液中,超声3min,使其溶解均匀。然后加入0.06g3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩单体,在90℃油浴中磁力搅拌5h,离心分离,用水和乙醇分别洗涤三次,真空烘箱干燥后得到含碲聚3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩复合纳米材料,最终得到产物质量为0.062g。
Claims (4)
1.一种一步法氧化还原制备含碲导电高分子复合纳米线的方法,其特征在于:将0.1~0.3g含碲化合物加入到20~40mL、浓度为0.5~2M的盐酸水溶液中,超声2~5min,然后加入0.03~0.1g导电高分子单体,在70~110℃油浴中磁力搅拌4~6h,离心分离,用水和乙醇洗涤,干燥后得到导电高分子和碲棒的复合纳米材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种一步法氧化还原制备含碲导电高分子复合纳米线的方法,其特征在于:含碲化合物为亚碲酸钠、亚碲酸钾中的一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种一步法氧化还原制备含碲导电高分子复合纳米线的方法,其特征在于:导电高分子单体为3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩、吡咯、苯胺中的一种。
4.一种含碲导电高分子复合纳米线,其特征在于:由权利要求1~3任何一项方法制备得到。
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