CN105061613A - Extraction and purification method for polysaccharose substances in shiitake mushrooms - Google Patents
Extraction and purification method for polysaccharose substances in shiitake mushrooms Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an extraction and purification method for polysaccharose substances in shiitake mushrooms. Conventional shiitake mushroom polysaccharose extraction processes mostly have the defect of relatively low polysaccharose extraction efficiency. According to the method provided by the invention, shiitake mushroom polysaccharose is extracted through the process of drying and crushing; high-temperature extraction; ultrasonic extraction; concentration by centrifuging; repetitive freezing-thawing and centrifugal filtration; alcohol precipitation; and centrifugal drying. Shiitake mushroom polysaccharose is extracted by combining superhigh temperature with ultrasound. Superhigh temperature enables cell membranes to be damaged, so that the cell permeability is enhanced, and the molecular diffusion rate is increased; the velocity of movement of particles in cells is increased by virtue of ultrasonic and oscillation. Polysaccharose molecules in cells are more liable to penetrate through the cell membranes by virtue of physical actions, so that the dissolution rate of shiitake mushroom polysaccharose is greatly increased, the shiitake mushroom polysaccharose extraction amount is 2.21 times that of a conventional ultrasonic extraction method, and the extraction time is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material.
Background technology
Mushroom has been known as the resource of the food and medicament dual-purpose being a kind of preciousness.Lentinan has stronger pharmaceutical use, can regulate and recover the immunologic function of human body, having certain antitumous effect.Lentinan is main with β-1,3 dextran, containing a small amount of wood sugar and seminose, has antiviral, antitumor, immunity moderation function and stimulates the functions such as Interferon, rabbit formation.The side effect of lentinan is slight, and to normal cell without lethal effect, this is that it is better than one of feature of cell toxicant anticarcinogen.And lentinan can the toxic side effects of effective antagonism chemotherapeutics.
Be that raw material can develop various protective foods, drink, seasonings and medicine with mushroom, research about lentinan extraction process has a lot of traditional technology, as Hot water extraction, diluted acid extraction, diluted alkaline extraction etc., also have emerging technique ultrasonic wave added method, microwave assisting method, enzyme process, ultrafiltration process etc., but all there is the lower defect of polysaccharide extract rate.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material, effectively improve the extraction yield of Lentinan class material.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material, is characterized in that:
Realized by following steps:
Drying and crushing → high-temp extracting → ultrasonic extraction → centrifugal concentrating → multigelation centrifuging → alcohol precipitation → centrifugal drying.
The step of described drying and crushing is:
After new fresh mushroom cleaning removal of impurities, mushroom lid separate with mushroom handle and shears, be placed in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and dry 8h, taking-up is put into pulverizer pulverizing and is obtained mushroom powder.
The step of described high-temp extracting is:
Get mushroom powder in solid-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:(20-40) ratio add pure water, stir and be placed in container, sealing is put into high-pressure sterilizing pot and is incubated at 115-125 DEG C, takes out after 0.5-2h.
The step of described ultrasonic extraction is:
After high-temp extracting terminates, under ultrasonic power 550W, temperature 75-100 DEG C condition, supersound process 0.5-2h extracts.
The step of described centrifugal concentrating is:
After ultrasonic extraction terminates, centrifugal 15min under 3500r/min rotating speed, removes precipitation, collects supernatant liquor; The supernatant liquor of collection is heated under temperature 100 DEG C of conditions and is concentrated into 1/5th of stock liquid volume, obtain the lentinan aqueous solution.
The step of described multigelation centrifuging is:
The lentinan aqueous solution is frozen 40min-80 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled, dissolves, filter under 3500r/min rotating speed after centrifugal 30min after taking out at 40 DEG C of heating in water bath, quadruplication freeze thawing centrifuging is except Deproteinization.
The step of described alcohol precipitation is:
In the lentinan aqueous solution removing Deproteinization, add tetraploid amass ethanolic soln, massfraction is 95%, hold over night at 2-6 DEG C in cold compartment of refrigerator.
The step of described centrifugal drying is:
The lentinan aqueous solution after alcohol precipitation centrifugal 20min under 3500r/min rotating speed is removed supernatant collection precipitation, the obtained lentinan of drying is carried out to precipitation.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention adopts ultrahigh-temperature to extract lentinan in conjunction with ultrasonic technical process.1. by ultrasonic cavatition and oscillation action, the movement velocity of particle is increased, the solubility rate of lentinan increases, larger than generally traditional Hot water extraction extraction yield, the prolongation of ultrasonic time can make mushroom cytoclasis abundant, polysaccharide stripping is thorough, thus improves mushroom fruiting body polysaccharide yield.2. superhigh-temperature and-pressure makes damaged membrane, and the permeability of cell strengthens, and the velocity of diffusion of molecule increases, and meanwhile, hot environment can make partial protein go bad, and the protein content in lentinan solution is reduced.High temperature and combination of ultrasound are extracted lentinan, high temperature makes damaged membrane, cell permeability strengthens, molecular diffusion rates increases, make the movement velocity of particle in cell quicker through ultrasonic cavatition and vibration again, by physical action, make the polysaccharide molecule in cell more easily pass cytolemma, the solubility rate of lentinan is increased greatly.
Adopt the leaching process of " ultrahigh-temperature " in technical solution of the present invention, lentinan extracted amount can reach 1.9 times of conventional Ultrasound extracting method (if 100 DEG C of conditions are in conjunction with the method for ultrasonic extraction lentinan), and adopt the complete skill scheme of technical solution of the present invention---the leaching process of " ultrahigh-temperature is in conjunction with ultrasonic ", 2.21 times that lentinan extracted amount can be brought up to conventional Ultrasound extracting method (if 100 DEG C of conditions are in conjunction with the method for ultrasonic extraction lentinan), and extraction time greatly shorten.
In addition, polysaccharide soln by multigelation method removing protein, was placed on quick freezing in refrigerated tank, and then melted rapidly by the present invention before alcohol precipitation, and repeatedly, in destruction mushroom, protein is stable, makes it be precipitated out for multigelation like this.Ordinary method adopts first concentrated, rear alcohol precipitation to extract the method for polysaccharide often, and obtain alcohol precipitation polysaccharide and also will carry out redissolution solution to this polysaccharide later, and then carry out removing protein operation, operation more bothers.The present invention on step is arranged comparatively this ordinary method greatly simplify, also, safety, economy simpler than traditional method with chemical reagent and environmental protection, and select to be carried out multigelation before alcohol precipitation, be more conducive to follow-up lentinan, and extraction yield purity is higher.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
The extracting and purifying method of the Lentinan class material that the present invention relates to, its concrete technology flow process is drying and crushing → high-temp extracting → ultrasonic extraction → centrifugal concentrating → multigelation centrifuging → alcohol precipitation → centrifugal drying.
Be specially:
(1) drying and crushing:
After new fresh mushroom cleaning removal of impurities, mushroom lid separate with mushroom handle and shears, be placed in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and dry 8h, taking-up is put into pulverizer pulverizing and is obtained mushroom powder.
(2) high-temp extracting:
Get mushroom powder in solid-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:(20-40) ratio add pure water, join in 20-40mL water by 1g mushroom powder, stir and be placed in container, sealing is put into high-pressure sterilizing pot and is incubated at 115-125 DEG C, takes out after 0.5-2h.
(3) ultrasonic extraction:
After high-temp extracting terminates, under ultrasonic power 550W, temperature 75-100 DEG C condition, supersound process 0.5-2h extracts.
(4) centrifugal concentrating:
After ultrasonic extraction terminates, centrifugal 15min under 3500r/min rotating speed, removes precipitation, collects supernatant liquor; The supernatant liquor of collection is heated under temperature 100 DEG C of conditions and is concentrated into 1/5th of stock liquid volume, obtain the lentinan aqueous solution.
(5) multigelation centrifuging:
The lentinan aqueous solution is frozen 40min-80 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled, dissolves, filter under 3500r/min rotating speed after centrifugal 30min after taking out at 40 DEG C of heating in water bath, quadruplication freeze thawing centrifuging is except Deproteinization.
(6) alcohol precipitation:
In the lentinan aqueous solution removing Deproteinization, add tetraploid amass ethanolic soln, massfraction is 95%, hold over night at 2-6 DEG C in cold compartment of refrigerator.
(7) centrifugal drying:
The lentinan aqueous solution after alcohol precipitation centrifugal 20min under 3500r/min rotating speed is removed supernatant collection precipitation, the obtained lentinan of drying is carried out to precipitation.
Embodiment 1:
(1) drying and crushing:
After new fresh mushroom cleaning removal of impurities, mushroom lid separate with mushroom handle and shears, be placed in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and dry 8h, taking-up is put into pulverizer pulverizing and is obtained mushroom powder.
(2) high-temp extracting:
Get mushroom powder and add pure water in the ratio of solid-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:20, stir and be placed in container, sealing is put into high-pressure sterilizing pot and is incubated at 125 DEG C, takes out after 0.5h.
(3) ultrasonic extraction:
After high-temp extracting terminates, under ultrasonic power 550W, temperature 100 DEG C of conditions, supersound process 0.5h extracts.
(4) centrifugal concentrating:
After ultrasonic extraction terminates, centrifugal 15min under 3500r/min rotating speed, removes precipitation, collects supernatant liquor; The supernatant liquor of collection is heated under temperature 100 DEG C of conditions and is concentrated into 1/5th of stock liquid volume, obtain the lentinan aqueous solution.
(5) multigelation centrifuging:
The lentinan aqueous solution is frozen 40min-80 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled, dissolves, filter under 3500r/min rotating speed after centrifugal 30min after taking out at 40 DEG C of heating in water bath, quadruplication freeze thawing centrifuging is except Deproteinization.
(6) alcohol precipitation:
In the lentinan aqueous solution removing Deproteinization, add tetraploid amass ethanolic soln, massfraction is 95%, hold over night at 6 DEG C in cold compartment of refrigerator.
(7) centrifugal drying:
The lentinan aqueous solution after alcohol precipitation centrifugal 20min under 3500r/min rotating speed is removed supernatant collection precipitation, the obtained lentinan of drying is carried out to precipitation.
Embodiment 2:
(1) drying and crushing:
After new fresh mushroom cleaning removal of impurities, mushroom lid separate with mushroom handle and shears, be placed in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and dry 8h, taking-up is put into pulverizer pulverizing and is obtained mushroom powder.
(2) high-temp extracting:
Get mushroom powder and add pure water in the ratio of solid-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:25, stir and be placed in container, sealing is put into high-pressure sterilizing pot and is incubated at 120 DEG C, takes out after 1h.
(3) ultrasonic extraction:
After high-temp extracting terminates, under ultrasonic power 550W, temperature 80 DEG C of conditions, supersound process 1h extracts.
(4) centrifugal concentrating:
After ultrasonic extraction terminates, centrifugal 15min under 3500r/min rotating speed, removes precipitation, collects supernatant liquor; The supernatant liquor of collection is heated under temperature 100 DEG C of conditions and is concentrated into 1/5th of stock liquid volume, obtain the lentinan aqueous solution.
(5) multigelation centrifuging:
The lentinan aqueous solution is frozen 40min-80 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled, dissolves, filter under 3500r/min rotating speed after centrifugal 30min after taking out at 40 DEG C of heating in water bath, quadruplication freeze thawing centrifuging is except Deproteinization.
(6) alcohol precipitation:
In the lentinan aqueous solution removing Deproteinization, add tetraploid amass ethanolic soln, massfraction is 95%, hold over night at 4 DEG C in cold compartment of refrigerator.
(7) centrifugal drying:
The lentinan aqueous solution after alcohol precipitation centrifugal 20min under 3500r/min rotating speed is removed supernatant collection precipitation, the obtained lentinan of drying is carried out to precipitation.
Embodiment 3:
(1) drying and crushing:
After new fresh mushroom cleaning removal of impurities, mushroom lid separate with mushroom handle and shears, be placed in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and dry 8h, taking-up is put into pulverizer pulverizing and is obtained mushroom powder.
(2) high-temp extracting:
Get mushroom powder and add pure water in the ratio of solid-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:40, stir and be placed in container, sealing is put into high-pressure sterilizing pot and is incubated at 115 DEG C, takes out after 2h.
(3) ultrasonic extraction:
After high-temp extracting terminates, under ultrasonic power 550W, temperature 75 DEG C of conditions, supersound process 2h extracts.
(4) centrifugal concentrating:
After ultrasonic extraction terminates, centrifugal 15min under 3500r/min rotating speed, removes precipitation, collects supernatant liquor; The supernatant liquor of collection is heated under temperature 100 DEG C of conditions and is concentrated into 1/5th of stock liquid volume, obtain the lentinan aqueous solution.
(5) multigelation centrifuging:
The lentinan aqueous solution is frozen 40min-80 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled, dissolves, filter under 3500r/min rotating speed after centrifugal 30min after taking out at 40 DEG C of heating in water bath, quadruplication freeze thawing centrifuging is except Deproteinization.
(6) alcohol precipitation:
In the lentinan aqueous solution removing Deproteinization, add tetraploid amass ethanolic soln, massfraction is 95%, hold over night at 2 DEG C in cold compartment of refrigerator.
(7) centrifugal drying:
The lentinan aqueous solution after alcohol precipitation centrifugal 20min under 3500r/min rotating speed is removed supernatant collection precipitation, the obtained lentinan of drying is carried out to precipitation.
Content of the present invention is not limited to cited by embodiment, and the conversion of those of ordinary skill in the art by reading specification sheets of the present invention to any equivalence that technical solution of the present invention is taked, is claim of the present invention and contains.
Claims (8)
1. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material, is characterized in that:
Realized by following steps:
Drying and crushing → high-temp extracting → ultrasonic extraction → centrifugal concentrating → multigelation centrifuging → alcohol precipitation → centrifugal drying.
2. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The step of described drying and crushing is:
After new fresh mushroom cleaning removal of impurities, mushroom lid separate with mushroom handle and shears, be placed in 80 DEG C of thermostatic drying chambers and dry 8h, taking-up is put into pulverizer pulverizing and is obtained mushroom powder.
3. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The step of described high-temp extracting is:
Get mushroom powder in solid-liquid ratio (m/v) 1:(20-40) ratio add pure water, stir and be placed in container, sealing is put into high-pressure sterilizing pot and is incubated at 115-125 DEG C, takes out after 0.5-2h.
4. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The step of described ultrasonic extraction is:
After high-temp extracting terminates, under ultrasonic power 550W, temperature 75-100 DEG C condition, supersound process 0.5-2h extracts.
5. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The step of described centrifugal concentrating is:
After ultrasonic extraction terminates, centrifugal 15min under 3500r/min rotating speed, removes precipitation, collects supernatant liquor; The supernatant liquor of collection is heated under temperature 100 DEG C of conditions and is concentrated into 1/5th of stock liquid volume, obtain the lentinan aqueous solution.
6. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The step of described multigelation centrifuging is:
The lentinan aqueous solution is frozen 40min-80 DEG C of refrigerator and cooled, dissolves, filter under 3500r/min rotating speed after centrifugal 30min after taking out at 40 DEG C of heating in water bath, quadruplication freeze thawing centrifuging is except Deproteinization.
7. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The step of described alcohol precipitation is:
In the lentinan aqueous solution removing Deproteinization, add tetraploid amass ethanolic soln, massfraction is 95%, hold over night at 2-6 DEG C in cold compartment of refrigerator.
8. the extracting and purifying method of Lentinan class material according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
The step of described centrifugal drying is:
The lentinan aqueous solution after alcohol precipitation centrifugal 20min under 3500r/min rotating speed is removed supernatant collection precipitation, the obtained lentinan of drying is carried out to precipitation.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN106084086A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-11-09 | 淮阴工学院 | The method for removing protein of Cipangopaludina chinensis polysaccharide extraction liquid |
| CN106892999A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-06-27 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of brown alga okamura ishige algae extraction method of polysaccharides |
| CN107286268A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-10-24 | 杨俊� | A kind of peach gum polysaccharide extracting method |
| CN107892723A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-10 | 上海理工大学 | The processing method of protein content in a kind of reduction tamarind seed polysaccharide |
| CN109134696A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽国科生物科技有限公司 | The method that a kind of low deuterium-oxide of rich trace elements extracts small molecule mushroom polysaccharide |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106084086A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2016-11-09 | 淮阴工学院 | The method for removing protein of Cipangopaludina chinensis polysaccharide extraction liquid |
| CN106892999A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-06-27 | 浙江海洋大学 | A kind of brown alga okamura ishige algae extraction method of polysaccharides |
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| CN107892723A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-10 | 上海理工大学 | The processing method of protein content in a kind of reduction tamarind seed polysaccharide |
| CN109134696A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2019-01-04 | 安徽国科生物科技有限公司 | The method that a kind of low deuterium-oxide of rich trace elements extracts small molecule mushroom polysaccharide |
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Application publication date: 20151118 |