CN105058387A - Industrial robot base coordinate system calibration method based on laser tracker - Google Patents

Industrial robot base coordinate system calibration method based on laser tracker Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105058387A
CN105058387A CN201510424145.9A CN201510424145A CN105058387A CN 105058387 A CN105058387 A CN 105058387A CN 201510424145 A CN201510424145 A CN 201510424145A CN 105058387 A CN105058387 A CN 105058387A
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robot
target
coordinate system
control
laser tracker
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杨洋
陈翔
黄龙
李大寨
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Beihang University
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Beihang University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Programme controls
    • B25J9/1602Programme controls characterised by the control system, structure, architecture
    • B25J9/161Hardware, e.g. neural networks, fuzzy logic, interfaces, processor

Abstract

The invention discloses an industrial robot base coordinate system calibration method based on a laser tracker. The method includes the steps that target bases needed for measurement are installed, a calibration system is preprocessed, coordinate systems needed for calibration are established, the relational expression of posture relation matrixes of the coordinate systems is acquired, data are collected through a control robot and the laser tracker, the corresponding posture matrixes are acquired, and finally the posture relation between a robot base coordinate system and a measurable coordinate system is acquired so as to determine the specific posture of the robot base coordinate system. The robot base coordinate system can be calibrated only through the laser tracker, no repetition is needed after calibration, repeated calibration time is shortened, meanwhile, the accuracy of the laser tracker is high, and the accuracy of acquired data of the base coordinate system is high.

Description

Based on a kind of industrial robot basis coordinates system scaling method of laser tracker
Technical field
The present invention relates to the calibration technique field of industrial robot, particularly utilize the basis coordinates scaling method of a kind of tandem industrial robot of laser tracker.
Background technology
Robot is since invention, through development for many years, its technology obtains many great achievements, the problem of calibrating of robot precision is a wherein indispensable part, although current many robots have higher repetitive positioning accuracy, but their absolute fix precision is not high comparatively speaking, this has just become one of bottleneck of restriction robot industry development.In order to improve the absolute fix precision of robot, Robot calibration technology is arisen at the historic moment.
Robot calibration technology is that operation parameter discrimination method goes the related data processing the robot obtained by the measurement means of advanced person to identify the accurate parameter of robot model, thus improves the process of robot absolute fix precision.Scholar both domestic and external to Robot calibration technology from modeling, measuring method, etc. aspect carried out research extensively and profoundly, wherein robot basis coordinates system demarcate has very actual effect for robot practical application.Because the initial point of basis coordinates system of robot is inaccessible, therefore, directly can not demarcate the basis coordinates of robot, this generates the method much utilizing different measuring means and instrument to demarcate robot basis coordinates, demarcate as utilized calibration object, utilize multiple robots handshake operation to demarcate etc., said method all needs install associated end device or use multiple robot, and operation is comparatively complicated; Utilize calibration object to demarcate, have high requirements to object itself, precision needs to be investigated; Demarcated by multirobot, be applicable to the development environment of multiple robot, for only having the condition of single robot system and inapplicable, therefore be necessary that inventing a kind of single robot system that adopts carries out the straightforward procedure of demarcating, and the method is demarcated without the need to repeating after once demarcating.
The present invention provides a kind of robot basis coordinates scaling method based on laser tracker for above-mentioned situation.The present invention relates to tandem industrial robot, this is a kind of robot most widely used at industrial automation.This robot basis coordinates position is unreachable, for making industrial robot more accurate in use, accurately need locate its basis coordinates system.
The present invention demarcates basis coordinates system of robot by laser tracker, is cooperatively interacted by industrial robot and laser tracker, demarcates basis coordinates system.Laser tracker has quick, dynamic, high-precision feature, it is a kind of high-precision Large-scale Measuring Instruments in industrial measuring system, laser tracker technology has been widely used in the key areas such as Aero-Space manufacturing industry abroad, and has played the irreplaceable effect of other measuring instruments.
Summary of the invention
In view of above content, the invention provides a kind of scaling method of basis coordinates system of the industrial robot based on laser tracker, accurately demarcated basis coordinates tie up to laser tracker coordinate system under module and carriage transformation matrix.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Step 1, adjustment robot is to suitable locus, and robot installed surface installs three target seats, and target seat in a distance, and is not positioned on straight line; Be placed on by laser tracker on fixed position, guarantee can measure robot end position and three target seats and put.One target seat is arranged on the locating hole of robot end's (i.e. 6 shaft ends), target is positioned on target seat.
Step 2, { Base} is basis coordinates system of robot, and its pose is fixed, and needs to measure it relative to the relation can surveying coordinate system to set up each coordinate system; { Flange} is robot end's coordinate system, and position is positioned at distal center, and attitude is determined by robot interior; { Ba} is target co-ordinates system, and position is positioned at the center of robot end's target ball, and attitude is identical with robot basis coordinates; { Laser} is laser tracker coordinate system, and pose is determined by laser tracker; { DB} is installed surface target co-ordinates system, determined by three targets on installed surface.
Step 3, according to relative pose relation between each coordinate system,
Step 4, determines position auto―control mobile robot's to one ad-hoc location, obtains the end 6DOF pose parameter that robot interior reads, is converted to 4 × 4 position auto―control as calculated this matrix is that { flange} is relative to { the position auto―control of Base}.
Step 5, determines position auto―control if the homogeneous coordinates of target ball center A in ending coordinates system flangea=(x ba, y ba, h, 1) t, wherein x ba, y bafor known parameters, h represents the distance of target ball center to end flange plane; Target co-ordinates system Ba} relative to ending coordinates system the position auto―control of Flange}:
Step 6, determines position auto―control laser tracker reads now end target ball position information as the translation vector of position auto―control; Control moves along its x-axis direction specific range, mobile n time altogether, more respectively along y-axis, specific range is moved by the same manner in z-axis direction, respectively position data (the x of record target ball center xi, y xi, z xi) (i=1,2 ... n), (x yi, y yi, z yi) (i=1,2 ... n), (x zi, y zi, z zi) (i=1,2 ... n), gained three groups of data are carried out fitting a straight line by least square method respectively, obtains X, Y, Z tri-direction vectors are n x=(a x, c x, 1), n y=(a y, c y, 1) and n z=(a z, c z, 1); Obtain coordinate system through unitization { Ba} all directions component, to sum up obtains the spin matrix in position auto―control.
Step 7, calculates according to the relative pose relation between each coordinate system
Step 8, { DB} is relative to { the position auto―control of Laser} to determine land-based target spherical coordinate system according to calculate that { DB} is relative to the basis coordinates system { position auto―control of Base}.Wherein { DB} coordinate system is determined by three target points.
The acquiring method of h described in step 5 is: use target ball on end plane, measure three points, be respectively a B=(x b, y b, z b) t, some C=(x c, y c, z c) t, some D=(x d, y d, z d) t, vector with multiplication cross, obtains the normal vector of plane BCD and then the expression formula of the equation obtaining plane BCD is a (x-x b)+b (y-y b)+c (z-z b)=0, the expression formula of the distance d of target center A to plane BCD is finally obtain the distance of target ball center to Flange Plane
Preferably, the X obtained in step 6, there is error due to during robot motion in Y, Z tri-direction vectors, not exact vertical, and therefore need through orthogonalization process, obtain exact vertical and unitization durection component, the x-axis durection component obtained is y direction component by represent; Z-direction component is
In step 6, finally obtain coordinate system Ba} relative to the position auto―control of Laser} is:
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Only need the demarcation that laser tracker equipment just can realize basis coordinates system of robot, and target seat fixing after do not need repeatedly to dismantle, save the nominal time, meanwhile, adopt laser tracker to demarcate robot, improve the precision of measurement; And after obtaining the relation between basis coordinates system and ground target coordinate system, laser tracker can arbitrarily movement, this pose transformation relation can not change along with robot motion, when robot carries out practical operation, only need measure land-based target cursor position data, basis coordinates system position data can be obtained, saved the time repeatedly demarcated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the present invention's 6DOF tandem used robot schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the present invention's laser tracker measuring system used and survey tool schematic diagram
Fig. 3 is required each coordinate system schematic diagram in calibration process of the present invention
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the know-why in this invention, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described more clearly and completely.
As shown in Figure 1, robot is installed on workbench typical tandem industrial robot, designates robot each joint revolute in figure.Required measurement device laser tracker adopts spherical coordinate system laser tracker measuring system, and as shown in Figure 2, survey tool is target ball to its schematic diagram, can be fixed on target ball seat, realize Measurement accuracy.
Adjustment robot is to suitable locus, and robot installed surface installs three target seats, and target seat in a distance, and is not positioned on straight line; Be placed on by laser tracker on fixed position, guarantee can measure robot end position and three target seats and put.One target seat is arranged on the locating hole of robot end's (i.e. 6 shaft ends), target is positioned on each target seat.
Set up each coordinate system as shown in Figure 3, { Base} is basis coordinates system of robot, and its pose is fixed, task of the present invention is set up exactly { contacting between Base} coordinate system and installed surface target co-ordinates system; { Flange} is robot end's coordinate system, and position is positioned at distal center, and attitude is determined by robot interior; { Ba} is target co-ordinates system, and position is positioned at the center of robot end's target ball, and attitude is identical with robot basis coordinates; { Laser} is laser tracker coordinate system, and pose is determined by laser tracker; { DB} is installed surface target co-ordinates system, determined by three targets on installed surface.
{ JG} is relative to basis coordinates system of the robot { position auto―control of Base} can to obtain laser tracker coordinate system by above coordinate system relation expression formula be
Be fixed on same position owing to can not ensure that laser tracker is measured each time, therefore introduce installed surface target co-ordinates system, set up contacting of basis coordinates system and installed surface target co-ordinates system this matrix is random device people motion and laser tracker change in location and changing not, can accurate description basis coordinates position, after obtaining this position auto―control, need measure each target of installed surface namely by relational expression by laser tracker obtain basis coordinates system position
According to above-mentioned principle, to the position auto―control in expression formula with ask for.As described below:
Position auto―control determination: control motion make its end arrive an orientation be convenient for measuring.Robot interior can return the posture information of now end, reads end pose parameter (X, Y, Z, A, B, C);
Can obtain according to above formula that { flange} is relative to { the position auto―control of Base}; If wherein for attitude matrix, for location matrix;
Position auto―control determination, be divided into following several step:
Keep robot end's invariant position, if target ball center A is in the ending coordinates system { homogeneous coordinates in Flange} flangea=(x ba, y ba, h, 1) t, wherein x ba, y bafor known robot interior parameter.Wherein h represents the distance of target ball center to end flange plane; flangea is location matrix.
In robot end's plane, measure 3 points containing whole plane with target ball, be respectively a B=(x b, y b, z b) t, some C=(x c, y c, z c) t, some D=(x d, y d, z d) t; Then vector with multiplication cross obtains:
Vector be the normal vector being made up of plane at 3 B, C, D, then the equation of plane BCD can be write as:
a(x-x B)+b(y-y B)+c(z-z B)=0
The distance of target ball center A to plane BCD is:
Therefore target ball center is to the distance of Flange Plane wherein D targetfor target bulb diameter;
Due to coordinate system Ba} relative to Base} only has translation, therefore with have identical attitude matrix, { Ba} is relative to the end flange coordinate system { position auto―control of Flange} therefore to obtain target spherical coordinate system
Position auto―control determination, be divided into following several step:
Measure target ball with laser tracker, read target ball center { coordinate in Laser} is set to A=(x a, y a, z a) t, this coordinate is the target spherical coordinate system { initial point of Ba}; Be placed on by target ball on target ball seat, control moves along its x-axis direction specific range, and altogether mobile n time (n generally gets 3 ~ 5), more respectively along y-axis, specific range is moved by the same manner in z-axis direction, respectively the position data of record target ball center
The three groups of data recorded are carried out fitting a straight line by least square method respectively, makes the error sum of squares between the straight line of trying to achieve and actual point minimum.For+X-direction, detailed step is:
If the equation of space line is:
By linear projection in XOZ plane and YOZ plane, obtain the linear equation in two planes:
Wherein
Space line fitting problems is converted into two plane and straight line fitting problems, need meets based on principle of least square method:
Above formula comprises two binary functions and asks extreme-value problem, and according to the extreme value theorem of the function of many variables, solving equation group, can obtain:
According to a x, b x, c xdefinition known: k 1: k 2: k 3=a x: c x: 1; Therefore, the direction vector that can obtain required+X is n x=(a x, c x, 1).The method establishment Y-axis of X-direction vector and the direction vector of Z axis are set up in analogy simultaneously, are respectively: n y=(a y, c y, 1) and n z=(a z, c z, 1);
Set up coordinate system { Ba} tri-reference axis, direction vector n x, n yand n zdue to robot localization error and laser tracker measure error instead of theoretic mutual vertical relation, therefore can not as coordinate system { three reference axis of Ba}.
Can by direction vector n xas Ba}+X-direction, direction vector n zwith n xmultiplication cross as coordinate system Ba}+Y direction, general+X-direction vector and+Y-direction vector multiplication cross obtain Ba}+Z axis unit vector, then coordinate system each axle unit vector of Ba} is as follows:
Then coordinate system Ba} relative to the position auto―control of Laser} is:
So far, position auto―control determine complete, can position auto―control be obtained
Finally need to determine position auto―control following several step can be divided into:
{ the three Ge Ba ball center positions of DB}, are set to P respectively to use laser tracker to measure installed surface target spherical coordinate system 1=(x 1, y 1, z 1) t, P 2=(x 2, y 2, z 2) t, P 3=(x 3, y 3, z 3) t; With P 2for { initial point of DB}, vector for coordinate system DB}+X-direction vector multiplication cross vector for DB}+Z-direction dB}+Y direction vector by+Z-direction vector multiplication cross+X-direction vector.
Can obtain thus, land-based target spherical coordinate system DB} relative to the position auto―control of Laser} is:
Position auto―control by formula determine.
In sum, the present invention only needs laser tracker equipment just can realize demarcation task, shortens the nominal time, meanwhile, adopts laser tracker to demarcate robot, improves the precision of measurement; And after obtaining the relation between basis coordinates system and ground target coordinate system, only need measure land-based target cursor position data when practical operation, basis coordinates system position data can be obtained, saved the time repeatedly demarcated.
The invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned exemplary embodiment, and when not deviating from essential characteristic of the present invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms, all should the present invention be regarded as exemplary.The scope of the invention is defined by the following claims, and all changes be therefore intended in the implication of the condition of equivalent by dropping on claim and scope are encompassed in the present invention, Reference numeral any in claim should be considered as the claim involved by limiting.Simultaneously, only for clarity sake, description should be considered as entirety to above-mentioned detailed description of the invention by those skilled in the art, and the step in above-mentioned implementation method can appropriately combinedly change, but do not depart from its general principles and feature, form those skilled in the art's other embodiments intelligible.

Claims (4)

1., based on a kind of industrial robot basis coordinates system scaling method of laser tracker, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) adjust robot to suitable locus, robot installed surface installs three target seats, and target seat in a distance, and is not positioned on straight line; Laser tracker is placed on fixed position.One target seat is arranged on the locating hole of robot end, target is positioned on target seat;
(2) each coordinate system is set up: { Base} is basis coordinates system of robot, and its pose is fixed, and needs to measure it relative to the relation can surveying coordinate system; { Flange} is robot end's coordinate system, and position is positioned at distal center, and attitude is determined by robot interior; { Ba} is target co-ordinates system, and position is positioned at the center of robot end's target ball, and attitude is identical with robot basis coordinates; { Laser} is laser tracker coordinate system, and pose is determined by laser tracker inside; { DB} is installed surface target co-ordinates system, determined by three targets on installed surface;
(3) according to the transformation relation between each coordinate system, can obtain
(4) position auto―control is determined mobile robot to ad-hoc location, obtain robot interior read end { flange} free degree pose parameter, is converted to 4 × 4 position auto―control as calculated this matrix is that { Flange} is relative to { the position auto―control of Base};
(5) position auto―control is determined if the homogeneous coordinates of target ball center A in ending coordinates system flangea=(x ba, y ba, h, 1) t, wherein x ba, y bafor known parameters, h represents the distance of target ball center to end flange plane; { Ba} is relative to the ending coordinates system { position auto―control of Flange} in target co-ordinates system
(6) position auto―control is determined laser tracker reads end target ball position information as the translation vector of position auto―control; Control moves along its x-axis direction specific range, mobile n time altogether, more respectively along y-axis, specific range is moved by the same manner in z-axis direction, respectively the position data of record target ball center gained three groups of data are carried out fitting a straight line by least square method respectively, obtains X, Y, Z tri-direction vectors are n x=(a x, c x, 1), n y=(a y, c y, 1), n z=(a z, c z, 1); Obtain coordinate system through unitization { Ba} all directions component, to sum up obtains the spin matrix in position auto―control;
(7) calculate according to the relative pose relation between each coordinate system
(8) { DB} is relative to { the position auto―control of Laser} to determine installed surface target spherical coordinate system according to obtain that { DB} is relative to the basis coordinates system { position auto―control of Base}.Wherein { DB} determined by three target points coordinate system.
2. the basis coordinates system scaling method of robot according to claim 1, is characterized in that the acquiring method of h described in step 5 is: use target ball on end plane, measure three points, be respectively a B=(x b, y b, z b) t, some C=(x c, y c, z c) t, some D=(x d, y d, z d) t, vector with multiplication cross, obtains the normal vector of plane BCD and then the expression formula of the equation obtaining plane BCD is a (x-x b)+b (y-y b)+c (z-z b)=0,
The expression formula of the distance d of target center A to plane BCD is finally obtain the distance of target ball center to Flange Plane
3. the basis coordinates system scaling method of robot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the X obtained in step 6, Y, error is there is in Z tri-direction vectors due to during robot motion, not exact vertical, therefore need through orthogonalization process, obtain exact vertical and unitization durection component, the x-axis durection component obtained is y direction component by represent; Z-direction component is
4. the basis coordinates system scaling method of robot according to claim 1, is characterized in that in step 6, finally obtain coordinate system Ba} relative to the position auto―control of Laser} is:
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