CN105052000A - 使用t-分布测量能量需求和能量效率的电力系统控制 - Google Patents

使用t-分布测量能量需求和能量效率的电力系统控制 Download PDF

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CN105052000A
CN105052000A CN201480015512.3A CN201480015512A CN105052000A CN 105052000 A CN105052000 A CN 105052000A CN 201480015512 A CN201480015512 A CN 201480015512A CN 105052000 A CN105052000 A CN 105052000A
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voltage
energy
data
pairing
supply
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埃德蒙·J·霍尔
斯蒂芬·J·泰勒
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Dominion Energy Inc
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Dominion Resources Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/003Load forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future load demand
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R21/00Arrangements for measuring electric power or power factor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66Regulating electric power
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00004Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by the power network being locally controlled
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00024Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00034Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving an electric power substation
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/24Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00016Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus
    • H02J13/00017Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using a wired telecommunication network or a data transmission bus using optical fiber
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • H02J2310/12The local stationary network supplying a household or a building
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58The condition being electrical
    • H02J2310/60Limiting power consumption in the network or in one section of the network, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/124Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wired telecommunication networks or data transmission busses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04SSYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract

提供用于控制电力系统的方法、设备和计算机程序,包括使用配对t数据分析实施电压测量,应用该配对t数据分析仪计算在给定使用群体中每个用户从一个时间段到另一个时间段平均使用量中的变化,其中,使用新颖技术使配对处理最佳化以提高数据测量的准确性。

Description

使用t-分布测量能量需求和能量效率的电力系统控制
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制电力系统以最佳化电压、节约能量、降低需求和提高可靠性的方法、设备、系统和计算机程序,控制电力系统包括控制配电电路上的电压。具体而言,本发明涉及使用配对样本t-测试来测量电力需求和能量效率改进以在特定时间段内比较大众需求量和能量使用量的新颖实施方案。该方法能够对能量使用总体在两个时间段之间的能量和需求变化进行直接统计性测量。该比较能用作准确地量化因对电力系统施加修正所引起的节省的能量效率和需求降低值的基础。
背景技术
通常,通过电机械发电机在发电站产生电力,典型地,通过由化学燃烧或核裂变供给燃料的热力发动机或者通过水或风中流动的动能来驱动电机械发电机。一般而言,通过输电网将电力作为交流电信号提供给终端用户。输电网可包括发电站网络、输电电路、变电站等等。
将电力提供给输电系统之前,典型地,例如利用升压变压器将产生的电力升高电压。通过降低输电系统导体中流动的电流,升高电压提高了传输效率,同时保持传输的功率几乎等于输入功率。然后,通过输电系统将升压的电力传输给配电系统,配电系统将电力分配给终端用户。配电系统可包括从输电系统传送电力并将其传递给终端用户的网络。典型地,该网络可包括中压(例如,小于69kV)电力线、变电站、变压器、低压(例如,小于1kV)配电线路、电表等等。
下述内容描述涉及发电或配电的主题(在此通过引用将其整体内容结合在本说明书中):PowerDistributionPlanningReferenceBook,SecondEdition,H.LeeWillis,2004;EstimatingMethodologyforaLargeRegionalApplicationofConservationVoltageReduction,J.G.DeSteese,S.B.Merrick,B.W.Kennedy,IEEETransactionsonPowerSystems,1990;ImplementationofConservationVoltageReductionatCommonwealthEdison,IEEETransactionsonPowerSystems,D.Kirshner,1990;ConservationVoltageReductionatNortheastUtilities,D.M.Lauria,IEEE,1987;GreenCircuitFieldDemonstrations,EPRI,PaloAlto,CA,2009,Report1016520;EvaluationofConservationVoltageReduction(CVR)onaNationalLevel,PNNL-19596,PreparedfortheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyunderContractDE-AC05-76RL01830,PacificNorthwestNationalLab,July2010;UtilityDistributionSystemEfficiencyInitiative(DEI)Phase1,FinalMarketProgressEvaluationReport,No3,E08-192(7/2008)E08-192;SimplifiedVoltageOptimization(VO)MeasurementandVerificationProtocol,SimplifiedVOM&VProtocolVersion1.0,May4,2010;MINITABHandbook,UpdatedforRelease14,fifthedition,BarbaraRyan,BrianJoiner,JonathanCryer,Brooks/Cole-Thomson,2005;MinitabSoftware,http://www.minitab.com/en-US/products/minitab/;以及由MinitabCorporation提供的StatisticalSoftware。
此外,于2009年5月7日提交的、申请号为No.61/176,398、美国公开启号为2013/0030591且名称为“VOLTAGECONSERVATIONUSINGADVANCEDMETERINGINFRASTRUCTUREANDSUBSTATIONCENTRALIZEDVOLTAGECONTROL(使用了高级量测体系的电压保护和变电站集中电压控制)”的美国专利描述了一种用于输电及配电网的电压控制和能量节约系统,其中该输电及配电网被配置为向多个用户位置提供电能,在此通过引用将其整体内容结合在本说明书中。
发明内容
本文描述的各个实施例提供用于控制电能系统的新颖方法、设备、系统和计算机程序,包括使用配对t数据分析实施电压测量,应用该配对t数据分析以对于特定用电总体计算每个用户从一个时间段到另一个时间段平均使用量的改变,其中使用新颖技术使配对处理最佳化以提高数据测量的准确性。
根据本发明的一方面,能量验证处理(EVP)测量用于电能传递系统(EEDS)的能量使用中的变化水平,电能传递系统由电连接至一个或多个能量使用系统(EUS)的能量供应系统(ESS)构成。在测量期间的任何给定时间随机使用能量对EEDS的运行进行更改,或者对在电能量传递系统(EEDS)上若干掣位(electricalpoint)能量使用装置(EUD)进行更改,其中,电能量传递系统(EEDS)由许多能量使用装置构成。能量验证处理(EVP)的目的是测量用于EEDS能量使用的变化水平。在(a)EES供应点和(b)在能量使用系统(EUS)或计量点测量供给电能传递系统(EEDS)的以瓦特、千瓦(kw)或兆瓦(MW)为单位的电能。该测量记录在设置时间段(例如1小时)内,在供应点和计量点每一者的能量平均使用量(AUE)。
针对能量使用中变化水平的测试分为两个基本时间段:第一时间段是在不操作更改时,即,在“关闭”状态。第二时间段是在操作更改时,即,在“开启”状态。由于电能使用量不是恒定的而是随其他独立变量(例如天气和环境条件)的变化而变化,所以必须从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态对比中消除天气和环境变量以及其他独立变量。目的是在从“关闭”到“开启”条件平均能量使用量对比中,仅仅留下一个被测量的独立变量。
为了消除环境和/或天气条件的影响,使用配对处理匹配具有共同环境和/或天气条件的能量周期。例如,在设置时间段,记录用于每一个能量测量的温度、采暖度、降温度和其他天气条件。如果根据用于选择最准确配对的最佳处理,温度、采暖度、降温度和其他天气条件匹配,则配对这些周期。
为了消除引起测量变化的未被测量的其他独立变量,使用位于相同环境和/或天气系统中的近似相等(nearidentical)能量供应系统和近似相等能量使用系统的EEDS。为了消除其他独立变量,由在测试中的EEDS从被测量变化中减去近似相等能量供应系统的EEDS中能量的变化。该方法改正针对其他剩余独立变量效果的测试电路。
测量处理包括从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态平均能量使用数据的第一配对间隔。第一步是消除易于确定的与独立变量不相关闭的明显异常值。例如,如果由更改导致的期望负荷变换(根据经验或其他方式)最大值是2kw,以及数据显示群体成员具有10MW的负荷变换,则可以排除该元素。必须在群体中连续进行排除以不损坏群体正态性(normality)。
第二步是设置配对处理的界限。该界限可以至少部分地基于期望准确性而设置。准确性还依靠使用数据点的数量。例如,对于温度差异,可以选择1华氏度(F)为界限。利用选择的该界限,在被审查的数据测量中选择时间段类型。对于选则的分析,时间段的选择可以依靠EEDS操作环境条件与何相关闭。例如,可以选择24小时时间段以包括一整天中被测数据的变化。又例如,可以选择在晚上的4小时时间段以包括在高峰晚上用电时间段的被测数据的变化。
在时间段期间,从在EEDS上一部分的一组传感器中搜集数据,EEDS处于在“开启”状态中进行更改。在相同类型时间段(可以与用于“开启”状态搜集的时间段同时运行或不同时运行),从对于EEDS一部分而言已潜在配对的传感器组中搜集数据,EEDS处于在“开启”状态中进行更改。审查配对以确保选择匹配之间的最佳温度匹配。可以对其他变量重复该处理。一旦确定最佳配对组,则应用配对t的标准处理以确定从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态能量使用量的平均变化,针对确定配对组使用t分配。该处理可以在可信度内确定该群组从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态能量使用中实际变化范围。针对该处理,可以在电能传递系统(EEDS)(单个或多个)计量点或在能量使用系统(EUS)(单个或多个)计量点或在能量使用装置(EUD)(单个或多个)计量点或EEDS、EUS和EUD计量点的任何组合处进行测量。
然后,可以使用能量使用中导致的变化控制电能传递系统。例如,可以更改、调节、增加或删除EEDS的部件,包括增加电容器组合、更改稳压器、改变终端用户设备以更改用户效率,以及其他控制动作。
根据本发明的另一方面,能量验证处理(EVP)测量用于电能传递系统(EEDS)的能量使用量的变化水平,EEDS由电连接至一个或多个电能使用系统(EUS)的能量供应系统(ESS)组成。这与上述方面相似,然而,在测量期间的任何给定时间随机使用能量对EEDS的运行进行更改,或者对在电能量传递系统(EEDS)上若干掣位(electricalpoint)的能量使用装置(EUD)进行更改,其中,电能量传递系统(EEDS)由许多能量使用装置构成。能量验证处理(EVP)的目的是测量用于具有组合更改和单个更改的每一者的EEDS能量使用的变化水平。在(a)EES供应点和(b)在能量使用系统(EUS)或计量点测量供给电能传递系统(EEDS)的以瓦特、千瓦(kw)或兆瓦(MW)为单位的电能。该测量记录在设置时间段(例如1小时)内,在供应点和计量点每一者的能量平均使用量(AUE)。
针对能量使用提高中变化水平的测试分为两个基本时间段:第一时间段是在不操作更改时,即,在“关闭”状态。第二时间段是在操作更改时,即,在“开启”状态。由于电能使用量不是恒定的而是随其他独立变量(例如天气和环境条件)的变化而变化,所以必须从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态对比中消除天气和环境变量以及其他独立变量。目的是在从“关闭”到“开启”条件平均能量使用量对比中,仅仅留下被测量的独立变量。
为了消除环境和/或天气条件的影响,使用配对处理匹配具有共同环境和/或天气条件的能量周期。例如,在设置时间段,记录用于每一个能量测量的温度、采暖度、降温度和其他天气条件。如果根据用于选择最准确配对的最佳处理,温度、采暖度、降温度和其他天气条件匹配,则配对这些周期。
为了消除引起测量变化的未被测量的其他独立变量,使用位于相同环境和/或天气系统中的近似相等(nearidentical)能量供应系统和近似相等能量使用系统的EEDS。为了消除其他独立变量,由在测试中的EEDS从被测量变化中减去近似相等能量供应系统的EEDS中能量的变化。该方法改正针对其他剩余独立变量效果的测试电路。
测量处理包括从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态平均能量使用数据的第一配对间隔。第一步是消除易于确定的与独立变量不相关闭的明显异常值。例如,如果针对更改的期望负荷变换最大值是2kw,以及数据显示群体成员具有10MW的负荷变换,则可以排除该元素。必须在群体中连续进行排除以不损坏群体正态性(normality)。
第二步是设置配对处理的界限。例如,对于温度差异,可以选择1华氏度(F)为界限。利用选择的该界限,类似于前面所述的方面,在应当或已经从一组更改“开启”状态的传感器中、或者从对于更改“关闭”状态组是潜在配对的传感器组中取得的数据测量中选择时间段。审查配对以确保选择匹配之间的最佳温度匹配。可以对其他变量重复该处理,以及一旦确定最佳配对组,则应用配对t的标准处理以确定从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态能量使用量的平均变化,针对确定配对组使用t分配。该处理可以在可信度内确定该群组从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态能量使用中实际变化范围。针对该处理,可以在电能传递系统(EEDS)(单个或多个)计量点或在能量使用系统(EUS)(单个或多个)计量点或在能量使用装置(EUD)计量点或EEDS、EUS和EUD计量点的任何组合处进行测量。
然后,可以使用能量使用中导致的变化控制电能传递系统。例如,可以更改、调节、增加或删除EEDS的部件,包括增加电容器组合、更改稳压器、改变终端用户设备以更改用户效率,以及其他控制动作。
能量验证处理(EVP)还包括影响能量使用的诸如湿度的第二独立变量。然后,使用EVP提供辅助第一配对变量的第二配对变量。该处理利用用于选择能量间隔的群体“关闭”到“开启”值尽可能紧密地配对第一变量。匹配第二变量在间隔已经与第一变量匹配。基于能量和各个独立变量之间线性关闭系的相对斜率实施配对的加权数。这产生配对的最佳选择以最紧密地匹配两个群体点。该线性最佳匹配提供用于t-分布数据的最佳配对。该方法允许多个值成为使用t-分布计算平均能量变化的最佳配对。
能量验证处理(EVP)还可以包括电能传递系统(EEDS),电能传递系统由电连接至一个或多个具有三相电的能量使用系统(EUS)的能量供应系统(ESS)构成。然后,EVP通过在EEDS、ESS、EUS和EUD所有组合中相值进行所有功率和独立变量计算以计算由能量系统中更改引起的能量变化。因此,可以使用针对三相每一个特定感测性质的数据分别进行计算。用这种方法,对EEDS针对一相或多相进行更改的影响可以与针对其他一相或多相更改影响进行对比。
能量验证处理(EVP)还可以包括诸如电压的第二独立变量,其中,计算电压中平均变化和能量中平均变化的比率或者计算节约电压减小因子(CVRF)。该因子测量EEDS、EUS和EUD的容量以响应于电压独立变量而改变能量使用。EVP首先通过配对正如描述的从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态两个能量状态而计算CVRF。其次,在针对群体中每个样本的两个状态之间计算针对样本能量中百分比变化除以电压中百分比变化的比率。为了使用t-分布评估,最佳配对匹配最接近样本以确定用于CVRF平均值的可信区间。
能量验证处理(EVP)还可以包括诸如电压和电路不平衡(circuitunbalance)的多个独立变量,其中,计算电压中平均变化及电路不平衡与能量中平均变化的比率或者计算节约电压减小因子(CVRF)。该因子测量EEDS、EUS和EUD的容量以响应于多个独立变量而改变能量使用。EVP首先通过配对正如描述的从“关闭”状态到“开启”状态两个能量状态而计算CVRF。其次,在针对群体中每个样本的两个状态之间计算针对样本能量中变化除以多个变量组合百分比变化中变化的比率。为了使用t-分布评估,最佳配对匹配最接近样本以确定用于ERF平均值的可信区间。
能量验证处理(EVP)还可以包括电能传递系统(EEDS),电能传递系统由电连接至一个或多个能量使用系统(EUS)的能量供应系统(ESS)构成。可以在形成多个水平的EVP评估时间段(或间隔)。这对使用线性回归技术将被连接的EUD分类是有用的。作为起始点,间隔可以使用24小时标准间隔以捕捉多个小时负荷循环的效果。但是在一些情况中,并不是所有负荷在整个24小时期间被连接,以及能量测量可能在总时间段内不连续。为了解决该问题,例如,评估被分为季节以代表不同负荷,例如分别在夏季和冬季之间的空调和取暖。在秋季和春季,在温暖条件下可能不存在这些负荷,因此,分别按季节评估。此外,使用线性回归评估每个季节以代表每小时影响负荷的多个变量,例如,采暖度水平、降温度水平、日类型(周末、工作日或假期)、湿度、负荷增长以及其他。然后,按回归因子范围对小时分组以匹配负荷总特征。该回归导致将每个季节针对每个24小时时间段分为小时范围,可以独立地比较小时范围以确定群体中能量性能各自的特征。然后,EVP将通过EEDS、ESS、EUS和EDS所有组合的相值、季节和小时范围以计算由能量系统中更改引起的能量变化。
考虑详细的描述和附图,可以阐明本发明的附加特征、优点和实施例,或者,本发明的附加特征、优点和实施例显而易见。此外,应当理解,本发明前面的概述和后面的详述都是示例性的,目的是提供进一步说明,而不是限制权利要求所主张的本发明的范围。
附图说明
被包括以提供对本发明的进一步理解的附图合并在本说明书中并构成说明书的一部分,示出本发明的实施例并与详细描述一起用于说明本发明的原理。除了对本发明以及可以实施本发明的各种方式的基本理解所可能必需的之外,不试图更详细地示出本发明的结构细节。在附图中:
图1示出根据本发明原理的由连接至用户负荷的发电和配电系统组成的EEDS的例子;
图2示出根据本发明原理的在ESS计量点进行被测的电压控制和节约(VCC)系统的例子,其中由高级仪表基础设施(AMI)组成EUS测量电压和能量;
图3示出根据本发明原理的能量验证处理(EVP)的例子;
图4示出根据本发明原理的能量验证处理(EVP)数据库结构的例子;
图5示出根据本发明原理的一般离散点分析以确定正常操作外的总体测量的例子;
图6示出根据本发明原理的电压离散点分析以确定诸如电压测量的独立变量是否在正常操作之外的例子;
图7示出根据本发明原理的用于确定独立变量特点的“OFF”和“ON”电压柱状图对比图的例子;
图8示出在“ON”和“OFF”条件下受天气和季节影响的样本点图以观察在每个样本和样本对中天气和季节转变特点的例子;
图9示出根据本发明原理的用于匹配天气、日类型和针对总体样本的高水平配对处理的例子;
图10示出根据本发明原理的将负荷数据按照季节和有相似特点小时组分组结果的例子;
图11示出根据本发明原理的最佳配对处理的处理图的例子;
图12示出根据本发明原理的数据配对处理的柱状图以确定每位用户使用量变化的例子;
图13示出根据本发明原理的确定每位用户使用量变化的配对测试分析处理应用的例子,上方柱状图代表配对结果,下方散点图示出配对值的结果;
图14示出根据本发明原理的数据配对处理柱状图以确定用于EEDS的CVR因子的例子,一幅图具有控制EEDS以消除其他独立变量,一副图没有控制EEDS;以及
图15示出根据本发明原理的用于在前面图中显示关闭于CVR因子和每位用户能量节省数据的总图表的例子。
具体实施方式
参照在附图中描述和/说明并在下面的说明书中详细描述的非限制性实施例和实例,更完整地说明本发明及其各种特征和优点。应当注意,附图中示出的特征不一定按比例绘制,并且即使没有在此明确说明,就像本领域技术人员将认识到的,其他实施例可采用一个实施例的特征。可省略公知部件和处理技术的描述,因此不会不必要地模糊本发明的实施例。这里使用的实例只是要帮助理解实践本发明的方式,并进一步使得本领域技术人员能够实践本发明的实施例。因此,不应将这里的实例和实施例解释为限制本发明的范围。此外注意,附图的若干示意图中相同的附图标记表示相似的部件。
本发明中所使用“计算机”表示能够根据一个或多个指令处理数据的任何机器、装置、电路、部件、模块或者任何机器、装置、电路、部件、模块的系统等等,不作限制地,例如处理器、微处理器、中央处理单元、通用计算机、超级计算机、个人计算机、膝上型计算机、掌上型计算机、笔记本电脑、桌上型计算机、工作站计算机、服务器等等,或者处理器、微处理器、中央处理单元、通用计算机、超级计算机、个人计算机、膝上型计算机、掌上型计算机、笔记本电脑、桌上型计算机、工作站计算机、服务器的阵列等等。
本发明中所使用的“服务器”表示软件和/或硬件的任何组合,包括为连接的作为客户端-服务器架构一部分的客户端进行服务的至少一个应用和/或至少一个计算机。至少一个应用例如可包括但不限于可通过向客户端发送支持响应,接受连接来自客户端的服务要求的应用程序。服务器可被配置为运行至少一个应用,经常承受大工作量,无人值守,以最少的人工指示持续很长的时间周期。服务器可包括多个配置有至少一个应用的计算机,根据工作量,在计算机中分配所述至少一个应用。例如,在大负荷情况下,可要求多个计算机运行所述至少一个应用。服务器或者它的计算机的任何一个也可以用作工作站。
本发明中所使用的“数据库”表示软件和/或硬件的任何组合,包括至少一个应用和/或至少一个计算机。数据库可包括根据数据库模型组织的记录或数据的结构化集合,例如但不限于关闭系模型、分层模型、网络模型等等的至少其中之一。数据库可包括本领域公知的数据库管理系统应用(DBMS)。至少一个应用可包括但不限于例如可通过向客户端发送支持响应,接受连接来自客户端的服务请求的应用程序。数据库可被配置为运行至少一个应用,经常承受大工作量,无人值守,以最少的人工指示持续很长的时间周期。
本发明中所使用的“通信链路”表示在至少两个点之间传送数据或信息的有线和/或无线介质。不作限制地,有线或无线介质例如可包括金属导体链路、射频(RF)通信链路、红外(IR)通信链路、光学通信链路等等。RF通信链路例如可包括WiFi、WiMAX、IEEE802.11、DECT、0G、1G、2G、3G或4G移动电话标准、蓝牙等等。
本发明中所使用的术语“包括”、“包含”及其变体表示“包括但不限于”,除非另外明确指定。
本发明中所使用的术语“一”、“一个”和“该”表示“一个或多个”,除非另外明确指定。
相互通信的装置不需要相互连续通信,除非另外明确指定。此外,相互通信的装置可直接通信或通过一个或多个中介间接通信。
虽然可以按照连续的顺序描述处理步骤、方法步骤、算法等等,但是也可以按照交替的顺序配置这些处理、方法和算法。换言之,可描述的步骤的任何次序或顺序不一定表示要求按照该顺序进行所述步骤。可按照任何可行的顺序进行这里描述的处理、方法或算法的步骤。此外,可同时进行某些步骤。
尽管这里描述了单个装置或项目,但显然可以使用一个以上装置或项目代替单个装置或项目。类似地,尽管这里描述了一个以上的装置或项目,但显然可以使用单个装置或项目代替一个以上装置或项目。装置的功能性或特征可通过没有明确描述为具有这些功能性或特征的一个或多个其他装置来替代性地具体实施。
本发明中所使用的术语“计算机可读介质”表示参与提供可通过计算机读取的数据(例如指令)的任何介质。这些介质可采用多种形式,包括非易失性介质、易失性介质和传输介质。非易失性介质例如可包括光盘或磁盘和其他永久存储器。易失性介质可包括动态随机访问存储器(DRAM)。传输介质可包括同轴电缆、铜导线和光纤,含包括连接处理器的系统总线的导线。传输介质可包括或传播声波、光波和电磁辐射,例如射频(RF)和红外(IR)数据通信处理中产生的电磁辐射。计算机可读介质的普通形式例如包括软盘、柔性盘、硬盘、磁带、任何其他磁介质、CD-ROM、DVD、任何其他光介质、打孔卡片、纸带、带有孔图案的任何其他物理介质、RAM、PROM、EPROM、FLASH-EEPROM、任何其他存储器芯片或盒式存储器、如下所述的载波或者计算机可读的任何其他介质。
在向计算机传送指令序列时可涉及各种形式的计算机可读介质。例如,(i)可从RAM向处理器传递指令序列,(ii)可通过无线传输介质传送指令序列,和/或(iii)可根据多种格式、标准或协议将指令序列格式化,例如包括WiFi、WiMAX、IEEE802.11、DECT、0G、1G、2G、3G或4G移动电话标准、蓝牙等等。
根据本发明的一个非限制性实施例,提供电压控制和节约(VCC)系统200(在图2中示出)并且EVP被用于监测来自VCC的EEDS能量的变化。VCC包括三个子系统,子系统包括能量传递(ED)系统300、能量控制(EC)系统400和能量调节(ER)系统500。VCC系统200被配置为监测ED系统300的能量使用和确定EC系统(或电压控制器)400的一个或多个能量传递参数。然后,EC系统400可将一个或多个能量传递参数CED提供给ER系统500,以调节传递给多个用户的能量,以用于最大能量节约。能量验证处理(EVP)系统600经由通信链路610监测所有被计量的能量流并确定由ER系统的电压控制变化所引起的能量变化。EVP系统600还通过通信链路620从适当的气象站640处读取天气数据信息来执行EVP处理630。
VCC系统200还被配置为监测经过通信链路610的来自EVP系统600的能量变化数据并且确定EC系统(或电压控制器)400的一个或多个能量传递参数。然后,EC系统400可将一个或多个能量传递参数CED提供给ER系统500,以调节传递给多个用户的能量,以用于最大能量节约。类似地,EC系统400可以其他方式使用能量变化数据来控制电能传递系统700。例如,可以更改、调整、增加或删除EEDS700的部件,包括增加电容器组、改变稳压器、更改终端用户设备来更改客户效率以及其他控制动作。
例如可将VCC系统200集成到电功率供应系统的既有负荷缩减计划。电功率供应系统可包括紧急电压降低计划,当触发一个或多个预定事件时可启动紧急电压降低计划。预定事件例如可包括紧急事件、当变压器输出的电功率例如超过其额定功率的80%时的电导体过热等等。VCC系统200被配置为当触发一个或多个预定事件时服从负荷缩减计划,允许执行负荷缩减计划,以降低提供给多个用户的电功率的电压。
图1类似于US公开启2013/0030591的图1,重复示出根据本发明原理的基于发电和配电系统100的包括EUS系统900和ESS系统800的EEDS700系统的例子。发电和配电系统100包括:发电站110、升压变压器120、变电站130、多个降压变压器140、165、167以及用户150、160。发电站110产生提供给升压变压器120的电功率。升压变压器升高电功率的电压,并将升压的电功率提供给输电介质125。ESS800包括发电站110、升压变压器120、变电站130、降压变压器140、165、167、本文所述的ER500和输电介质,该输电介质包括用于从发电站110向用户150、160传输功率的介质125。EUS900包括本文所述的ED300系统和若干能量使用装置(EUD)920,其中该能量使用装置可以是功率或负荷的消耗装置,该消耗装置包括客户装备等。
如图1所示,输电介质可包括导线导体,例如可通过电线杆127在地上承载导线导体,和/或例如通过屏蔽导体(未示出)在地下承载导线导体。电功率从升压变压器120作为电功率EIn(t)提供给变电站130,其中以兆瓦(MW)计的电功率EIn可作为时间t的函数而变化。变电站130将接收的电功率EIn(t)转换为电功率ESupply(t),并将转换的电功率ESupply(t)提供给多个用户150、160。将电功率ESupply(t)提供给用户150、160之前,变电站130例如可通过降低电压,可调节地变换接收的电功率EIn(t)的电压分量VIn(t)。可通过降压变压器140、165、167接收变电站130提供的电功率ESupply(t),并通过例如但不限于地下电导体(和/或地上电导体)的输电介质142、162将电功率ESupply(t)提供给用户150、160。
每个用户150、160可包括高级仪表基础设施(AMI)155、169。AMI155、169可连接区域操作中心(ROC)180。ROC180可通过多个通信链路175、184、188、网络170和/或无线通信系统190连接AMI155、169。无线通信系统190例如可包括RF收发器、卫星收发器等等,但不限于此。
网络170例如可包括Internet、局域网(LAN)、广域网(WAN)、城域网(MAN)、个人区域网(PAN)、校域网、公司区域网、输电介质125、135和变压器140、165、167、全球区域网(GAN)、宽带区域网(BAN)等等的至少其中之一,其中任何一个都可配置为经由无线和/或有线通信介质通信数据。网络170可配置为包括例如环形、网形、线形、树形、星形、总线、全连接等等网络拓扑。
AMI155、169可包括下列的任何一个或多个:智能仪表、网络接口(例如,WAN接口等等)、固件、软件、硬件等等。智能仪表可配置为确定下列的任何一个或多个:传递的千瓦时(kWh);接收的kWh;传递的千瓦时加上接收的千瓦时;传递的千瓦时减去接收的千瓦时;间隔数据;需求数据;电压;电流;相位等等。如果智能仪表是三相仪表,则可在平均值计算中使用低相电压,或者可以单独使用各相的数值。如果该仪表是单相仪表,可将单一电压分量取平均值。
AMI155、169还可包括配置为从一个或多个智能仪表收集智能仪表数据的一个或多个收集器(如图2所示),所述一个或多个智能仪表例如被分配以测量和报告一个或多个用户150、160的电功率传递和消耗的任务。替代性地(或附加地),可将一个或多个收集器设置在用户150、160外部,例如支承降压变压器140、165、167的壳体中。每个收集器可配置为与ROC180通信。
VCC系统200
图2示出根据本发明原理的VCC系统200和EVP系统600的实例,EVP系统600监测VCC在更加有效的较低5%的电压带控制EEDS所造成的能量变化。VCC系统200包括ED系统300、EC系统400和ER系统500,其中每一个都示出为虚线椭圆。VCC系统200配置为监测ED系统300的能量使用。ED系统300监测一个或多个用户150、160的能量使用(如图1所示),并将能量使用信息发送给EC系统400。EC系统400处理能量使用信息并产生发送给ER系统500的一个或多个能量传递参数CED。ER系统500接收一个或多个能量传递参数CED,并基于接收的能量传递参数CED调节提供给用户150、160的电功率ESupply(t)。EVP系统600接收天气数据和能量使用数据并计算计算由VCC200引起的能量使用的改进。
VCC系统200将功率系统损耗最小化,降低用户能量消耗并提供准确用户电压控制。VCC系统200可包括闭环处理控制应用,其利用ED系统300提供的用户电压数据例如控制ER系统500中配电电路(未示出)上的电压设置点VSP。也就是说,VCC系统200可通过调节ER系统500中配电电路的电压设置点VSP,控制提供给用户150、160的电功率ESupply(t)的电压VSupply(t),以降低功率损耗并促进用户位置150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)的有效使用,ER系统500例如可包括一个或多个负荷抽头变换(LTC)变压器、一个或多个稳压器或其它电压控制装备,以维持传递给用户150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)的电压VDelivered(t)的较紧凑工作带。
VCC系统200基于智能仪表数据和来自EVP系统600的验证数据控制或调节EC系统500提供的电功率ESupply(t)的电压VSupply(t),智能仪表数据包括来自ED系统300中用户150、160的测量电压VMeter(t)数据。VCC系统200例如可通过调节LTC变压器(未示出)、稳压器(未示出)等等,调节变电站的电压设置点VSP或ER系统500中的线路稳压器电平,以维持目标电压带VBand-n中的用户电压VMeter(t),用户电压VMeter(t)可包括安全的额定工作范围。
VCC系统200被配置为将传递给用户150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)维持在一个或多个电压带VBand-n中。例如,可以基本上同时地在两个或更多个电压带VBand-n中传递能量,其中两个或更多个电压带可以基本相同或不同。可通过以下方程式[1]确定值VBand-n
[1]VBand-n=VSP+ΔV
其中VBand-n是电压范围,n是大于零的正整数,对应于可以基本上同时处理的电压带VBand的数量,VSP是电压设置点值,ΔV是电压偏离范围。
例如,对于农村应用,VCC系统200可将传递给用户150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)维持在例如等于111V至129V的VBand-1带中,其中将VSP设置为120V,将ΔV设置为百分之七点五(+/-7.5%)的偏离。类似地,对于城市应用,VCC系统200可将传递给用户150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)维持在例如等于114V至126V的VBand-2带中,其中将VSP设置为120V,将ΔV设置为百分之五(+/-5%)的偏离。
通过对VSP和ΔV确定适当的值,VCC系统200可将传递给用户150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)维持在用户150、160可用的任何电压带VBand-n。就此,基于从ED系统300接收的用于用户150、160的能量使用信息,可通过EC系统400确定VSP和ΔV值。
EC系统400可将VSP和ΔV值作为能量传递参数CED发送给ER系统500,能量传递参数CED也可包括VBand-n值。然后ER系统500可将传递给用户150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)控制并维持在电压带VBand-n中。能量传递参数CED例如可进一步包括负荷抽头变换器(LTC)控制命令。
根据本发明的原理,通过比较电压设置点值VSP(或电压带VBand-n)变化前用户150、160的能量使用与电压设置点值VSP(或电压带VBand-n)变化后用户150、160的能量使用,EVP系统600可进一步测量和验证能量节省。例如通过降低传递给用户150、160的电功率EDelivered(t)的电压VDelivered(t),这些测量和验证可用于确定总体能量节省的效果,并对传递给用户150、160的能量功率EDelivered(t)确定最佳传递电压带VBand-n
ER系统500
ER系统500可通过网络170与ED系统300和/或EC系统400通信。ER系统500通过通信链路510、430分别连接网络170和EC系统400。ER系统500还通过电力线340连接ED系统300,电力线340可包括通信链路。
ER系统500包括变电站530,变电站530例如从线路520上的发电站110(如图1所示)接收电功率供应EIn(t)。电功率EIn(t)包括电压分量VIn(t)和电流分量IIn(t)。变电站530可调节地变换接收的电功率EIn(t),例如将电功率EIn(t)的电压分量VIn(t)降低(或降压)为提供给电力线340上多个智能仪表330的电功率ESupply(t)的电压分量VSupply(t)。
变电站530可包括变压器(未示出),例如负荷抽头变换(LTC)变压器。就此,变电站530可进一步包括配置为自动变换LTC变压器上的抽头的自动抽头变换器机构(未示出)。抽头变换器机构可以在有负荷(有负荷抽头变换器)或无负荷的情况下或者这两种情况下变换LTC变压器上的抽头。抽头变换器机构可以是电机驱动和计算机控制的。变电站530还可以包括降压/升压变压器,以调节提供给电力线340上的用户的电功率EDelivered(t)的功率因数。
附加地(或替代性地),变电站530可包括一个或多个稳压器或者本领域技术人员已知的其他电压控制装备,可以控制稳压器或其他电压控制装备,将输出的电功率ESupply(t)的电压分量VSupply(t)维持在预定电压值,或维持在预定电压值范围内。
变电站530在通信链路430上接收来自EC系统400的能量传递参数CED。当LTC变压器用于将电功率EIn(t)的输入电压分量VIn(t)降低为提供给ED系统300的电功率ESupply(t)的电压分量VSupply(t)时,能量传递参数CED例如可包括负荷抽头系数。就此,ER系统500可利用负荷抽头系数将LTC变压器低压侧的电压分量VSupply(t)保持为预定电压值,或保持在预定电压值范围内。
LTC变压器例如可包括17个或更多个步长(35个或更多个有效位置),可基于接收的负荷抽头系数选择每个步长。步长的每个变换可将LTC变压器低压侧的电压分量VSupply(t)调节例如小到大约十六分之五(0.3%)或更小。
替代性地,LTC变压器可包括少于17个步长。类似地,LTC变压器的步长的每个变换可将LTC变压器低压侧的电压分量VSupply(t)调节例如大于大约十六分之五(0.3%)。
例如通过对降压的电功率ESupply(t)的电压分量VSupply(t)采样或连续测量并将测量的电压分量VSupply(t)值作为时间t的函数存储在例如计算机可读介质的存储器(未示出)中,可以在LTC变压器的低压侧测量和监测电压分量VSupply(t)。例如可以在变电站配电总线等等上监测电压分量VSupply(t)。此外,对于ER系统500中的输电或配电系统,可以在能进行测量的任何点测量电压分量VSupply(t)。
类似地,可测量和监测输入LTC变压器高压侧的电功率EIn(t)的电压分量VIn(t)。此外,还可以测量和监测降压的电功率ESupply(t)的电流分量ISupply(t)以及电功率EIn(t)的电流分量IIn(t)。就此,可确定和监测电功率EIn(t)的电压分量VIn(t)与电流分量IIn(t)之间的相位差类似地,可确定和监测电功率ESupply(t)的电压分量VSupply(t)与电流分量ISupply(t)之间的相位差
ER系统500可将电能供应状态信息提供给通信链路430或510上的EC系统400。电能供应状态信息可包括监测的电压分量VSupply(t)。电能供应状态信息可进一步包括作为时间t的函数的电压分量VIn(t)、电流分量IIn(t)和/或相位差电能供应状态信息例如还可包括LTC变压器的负荷等级(loadrating)。
可以以周期时间间隔将电能供应状态信息提供给EC系统400,例如每秒钟、每5秒钟、每10秒钟、每30秒钟、每60秒钟、每120秒钟、每600秒钟,或者如同本领域技术人员确定的本发明范围和精神内的任何其他值。可通过EC系统400或ER系统500设置周期时间间隔。替代性地,可间断地将电能供应状态信息提供给EC系统400或ER系统500。
此外,响应于EC系统400的请求,或者当检测到预定事件时,可将电能供应状态信息传送给EC系统400。预定事件例如可包括在预定时间间隔里当电压分量VSupply(t)改变了大于(或小于)限定的阈值VSupplyThreshold(例如130V)的量时,当ER系统500中的一个或多个部件的温度超过所定义的温度阈值时,等等。
ED系统300
ED系统300包括多个智能仪表330。ED系统300可进一步包括可选择的至少一个收集器350。ED系统300可通过通信链路310连接网络170。ED系统300可通过通信链路320连接多个智能仪表330。智能仪表330可通过一个或多个电力线340连接ER系统500,电力线340也可以包括通信链路。
每个智能仪表330被配置为通过关闭联的用户150、160(如图1所示)测量、存储和报告能量使用数据。每个智能仪表330被进一步配置为测量和确定用户150、160的能量使用,包括用户150、160使用的作为时间的函数的电功率EMeter(t)的电压分量VMeter(t)和电流分量IMeter(t)。智能仪表330可以在离散的时间ts测量电功率EMeter(t)的电压分量VMeter(t)和电流分量IMeter(t),其中s是采样周期,例如s=5秒、10秒、30秒、60秒、300秒、600秒或更多。例如,智能仪表330例如可以每分钟(t60sec)、每5分钟(t300sec)、每10分钟(t600sec)或每更多分钟测量能量使用,或者以智能仪表330可变地设置(例如利用随机数发生器)的时间间隔测量能量使用。
智能仪表330可以在预定时间间隔里(例如5分钟、10分钟、30分钟或更多)将测量的电压VMeter(t)和/或IMeter(t)值取平均值。智能仪表330可将测量的电功率EMeter(t),包括测量的电压分量VMeter(t)和/或电流分量IMeter(t)作为智能仪表数据存储在例如计算机可读介质的本地(或远程)存储器(未示出)中。
对于落入目标分量带之外的任何电压VMeter(t)、电流IMeter(t)或能量使用EMeter(t),每个智能仪表330还能在“例外报告”模式下工作。目标分量带可包括目标电压带、目标电流带或目标能量使用带。在“例外报告”模式中,智能仪表330可以主动发起通信并将智能仪表数据发送给EC系统400。“例外报告”模式可用于重新配置例如用于表示改变系统条件所需的电路上的最低电压的智能仪表330。
通过通信链路320可将智能仪表数据周期性地提供给收集器350。附加地,智能仪表330可响应于从通信链路320上的收集器350接收的智能仪表数据请求信号,提供智能仪表数据。
替代性地(或附加地),例如通过通信链路320、410和网络170,可将智能仪表数据从多个智能仪表周期性地直接提供给EC系统400(例如MAS460)。就此,可将收集器350旁路,或者从ED系统300取消。此外,智能仪表330可响应于从EC系统400接收的智能仪表数据请求信号,将智能仪表数据直接提供给EC系统400。在没有收集器350的情况下,EC系统(例如MAS460)可实现这里所述的收集器350的功能。
请求信号例如可包括询问(或读取)信号以及智能仪表识别信号,智能仪表识别信号识别从中搜寻智能仪表数据的特定智能仪表330。智能仪表数据可包括以下用于每个智能仪表130的信息,例如包括传递的千瓦时(kWh)数据、接收的kWh数据、传递的kWh加上接收的kWh数据、传递的kWh减去接收的kWh数据、电压电平数据、电流电平数据、电压与电流之间的相位角、kVar数据、时间间隔数据、需求数据等等。
附加地,智能仪表330可将智能仪表数据发送给仪表自动系统服务器MAS460。可根据预定时间表或按照MAS460的请求将智能仪表数据周期性地发送给MAS460。
收集器350被配置为经由通信链路320从多个智能仪表330的每个智能仪表330接收智能仪表数据。收集器350将接收的智能仪表数据存储在例如计算机可读介质的本地存储器(未示出)中。收集器350将接收的智能仪表数据编译为收集器数据。就此,例如基于放置智能仪表330的地理区域、收集智能仪表数据的特定时间带(或范围)、在收集器控制信号中识别的智能仪表330的子集,可将接收的智能仪表数据集合在收集器数据中。在编译接收的智能仪表数据时,收集器350可将在来自所有智能仪表330(或所有智能仪表330的子集)的智能仪表数据中接收的电压分量VMeter(t)值取平均值。
EC系统400能够对于预定时间间隔选择或改变待监测的所有智能仪表330的子集,预定时间间隔例如可包括15分钟间隔。注意,预定时间间隔可短于15分钟或长于15分钟。根据需要,所有智能仪表330的子集是可选择的,并可通过EC系统400改变,以维持提供给智能仪表330的电压VSupply(t)的最小电平控制。
收集器350还可将在来自所有智能仪表330(或所有智能仪表330的子集)的智能仪表数据中接收的电功率EMeter(t)值取平均值。通过通信链路310和网络170,可由收集器350将编译的收集器数据提供给EC系统400。例如,收集器350可将编译的收集器数据发送给EC系统400中的MAS460(或ROC490)。
收集器350被配置为通过网络170和通信链路310从EC系统400接收收集器控制信号。基于接收的收集器控制信号,收集器350被进一步配置为选择多个智能仪表330中的特定仪表,并通过向选择的智能仪表330发送智能仪表请求信号,向仪表询问智能仪表数据。然后收集器350可以响应于询问,收集它从选择的智能仪表330接收的智能仪表数据。可选择的智能仪表330可包括多个智能仪表330的任何一个或多个。收集器控制信号例如可包括要询问(读取)的智能仪表330的识别、识别的智能仪表330测量VMeter(t)、IMeter(t)、EMeter(t)和/或(是在识别的智能仪表330测量的电功率EMeter(t)的电压VMeter(t)与电流IMeter(t)之间的相位差)的时间(多个时间)、自从识别的智能仪表330的最后一次读取以来的能量使用信息等等。然后收集器350可编译收集器数据并将编译的收集器数据发送给EC系统400中的MAS460(或ROC490)。
EC系统400
EC系统400可通过网络170与ED系统300和/或ER系统500通信。EC系统400通过一个或多个通信链路410连接网络170。EC系统400还可以通过通信链路430直接与ER系统500通信。
EC系统400包括MAS460、数据库(DB)470、配电管理系统(DMS)480和区域操作中心(ROC)490。ROC490可包括计算机(ROC计算机)495、服务器(未示出)和数据库(未示出)。MAS460可通过通信链路420、440分别连接DB470和DMS480。DMS480可通过通信链路430连接ROC490和ER系统500。可将数据库470设置在与MAS460相同的位置(例如相邻或者在内),或者将数据库470设置在例如经由网络170可访问的远程位置。
EC系统400被配置为从监测的智能仪表330的子集中取消选择EC系统400先前选择来监视的智能仪表330,并选择被监测的智能仪表330的子集之外、但是在例外报告模式下工作的智能仪表330。从未选择智能仪表330接收主动智能仪表数据之后,EC系统400可实现这种改变。就此,EC系统400可取消或终止与取消选择的智能仪表330的连接并建立与新选择的在例外报告模式下工作的智能仪表330的连接。EC系统400被进一步配置为选择所述多个智能仪表330中从中接收例如包括最低测量电压分量VMeter(t)的智能仪表数据的任何一个或多个智能仪表330,并基于从提供最低测量电压分量VMeter(t)的智能仪表330接收的智能仪表数据,产生能量传递参数CED
MAS460可包括配置为从收集器350接收收集器数据的计算机(未示出),收集器350包括从选择的智能仪表330(或所有智能仪表330)收集的智能仪表数据。MAS460被进一步配置为响应于从ROC490接收的询问,取回智能仪表数据并将智能仪表数据传送给ROC490。MAS460可将包括智能仪表数据的收集器数据存储在本地存储器和/或DB470中。
DMS480可包括配置为从变电站530接收电能供应状态信息的计算机。DMS480被进一步配置为响应于从ROC490接收的询问,取回和传送测量的电压分量VMeter(t)值和电功率EMeter(t)值。DMS480可以被进一步配置为响应于从ROC490接收的询问,取回和传送测量的电流分量IMeter(t)值。DMS480还可以被进一步配置为从在“例外报告”模式下工作的智能仪表330取回所有“例外报告”电压VMeter(t),并将电压VMeter(t)指定为要在预定时间(例如每15分钟,或更少(或更多),或者在变化的时间)连续读取的其中一个控制点。“例外报告”电压VMeter(t)可用于控制EC500设置点。
DMS480可包括多个关闭系型数据库(未示出)。DB470包括大量记录,含用于每个智能仪表330、每个收集器350、每个变电站530的历史数据以及智能仪表330、收集器350和变电站530所在的地理区域(多个区域)(包括纬度、经度和海拔)。
例如,DB470可包括用于每个智能仪表330的一个或多个以下信息,包括:地理位置(包括纬度、经度和海拔);智能仪表识别号码;账号;账户名;账单地址;电话号码;智能仪表类型,包括型号和序列号;智能仪表首次投入使用的日期;上一次读取(或询问)智能仪表的时间戳;上一次读取时接收的智能仪表数据;读取(或询问)智能仪表的时间表,包括要读取的信息的类型;等等。
历史智能仪表数据例如可包括作为时间的函数的特定智能仪表330使用的电功率EMeter(t)。例如可以在智能仪表330测量或确定接收的电功率EMeter(t)的电功率EMeter大小(kWh)所在的离散间隔中测量时间t。历史智能仪表数据包括在智能仪表330接收的电功率EMeter(t)的测量的电压分量VMeter(t)。历史智能仪表数据可进一步包括在智能仪表330接收的电功率EMeter(t)的测量的电流分量IMeter(t)和/或相位差
如上所述,例如可以在每5秒钟、每10秒钟、每30秒钟、每1分钟、每5分钟、每10分钟、每15分钟等等采样周期测量电压分量VMeter(t)。也可以在基本上与电压分量VMeter(t)相同的时间测量电流分量IMeter(t)和/或接收的电功率EMeter(t)值。
鉴于存储器成本低,DB470可包括从首次由智能仪表330收集智能仪表数据的一开启始直到由智能仪表330接收最近的智能仪表数据的历史数据。
DB470可包括与每个测量的电压分量VMeter(t)、电流分量IMeter(t)、相位分量和/或电功率EMeter(t)相关闭联的时间值,其可包括在智能仪表330产生的时间戳值。时间戳例如可包括年、月、日、小时、分钟、秒以及零点几秒。替代性地,时间戳可以是编码值,例如利用查找表可将编码值解码,以确定年、月、日、小时、分钟、秒以及零点几秒。ROC490和/或智能仪表330可配置为例如接收通过美国国家标准和技术协会(NIST)等等传输的WWVB原子钟信号,并将其内部时钟(未示出)与WWVB原子钟信号同步。
DB470中的历史数据可进一步包括与每个收集器350相关闭联的历史收集器数据。历史收集器数据可包括以下信息的任何一个或多个,例如包括:与每个收集器350相关闭联的特定智能仪表330;每个收集器350的地理位置(包括纬度、经度和海拔);收集器类型,包括型号和序列号;收集器350首次投入使用的日期;上一次从收集器350接收收集器数据的时间戳;接收的收集器数据;希望收集器350发送收集器数据的时间表,包括要发送的信息的类型;等等。
历史收集器数据例如可进一步包括时间t在每个收集器350之外测量的外部温度值TCollector(t)。历史收集器数据例如可进一步包括用于每个收集器350的以下数据的任何一个或多个:时间t在收集器350附近测量的大气压力值PCollector(t);时间t在收集器350附近测量的湿度值HCollector(t);时间t在收集器350附近测量的风矢量值WCollector(t),包括测量的风的方向和大小;时间t在收集器350附近测量的太阳辐射值LCollector(t)(kW/m2);等等。
DB470中的历史数据可进一步包括与每个变电站530相关闭联的历史变电站数据。历史变电站数据可包括以下信息的任何一个或多个,例如包括:由变电站530供以电能ESupply(t)的特定智能仪表330的识别;变电站530的地理位置(包括纬度、经度和海拔);配电电路的数量;变压器的数量;每个变压器的变压器类型,包括型号、序列号和最大额定兆伏安(MVA);稳压器的数量;每个稳压器的稳压器类型,包括型号和序列号;上一次从变电站530接收变电站数据的时间戳;接收的变电站数据;希望变电站530提供电能供应状态信息的时间表,包括要提供的信息的类型;等等。
历史变电站数据例如可进一步包括提供给每个特定智能仪表330的电功率ESupply(t),其中ESupply(t)在变电站530的输出端测量或确定。历史变电站数据包括提供的电功率ESupply(t)的测量的电压分量VSupply(t),例如可以在来自变压器的配电总线(未示出)上测量电压分量VSupply(t)。历史变电站数据可进一步包括提供的电功率ESupply(t)的测量的电流分量ISupply(t)。如上所述,例如可以在每5秒钟、每10秒钟、每30秒钟、每1分钟、每5分钟、每10分钟等等采样周期测量电压分量VSupply(t)、电流分量ISupply(t)和/或电功率ESupply(t)。历史变电站数据可进一步包括电功率ESupply(t)的电压VSupply(t)与电流ISupply(t)之间的相位差值相位差值可用于确定提供给智能仪表330的电功率ESupply(t)的功率因数。
历史变电站数据例如可进一步包括在变电站530的输入端的线路520上接收的电功率EIn(t),其中在变电站530的输入端测量或确定电功率EIn(t)。历史变电站数据可包括接收的电功率EIn(t)的测量的电压分量VIn(t),例如在变压器的输入端测量电压分量VIn(t)。历史变电站数据可进一步包括接收的电功率EIn(t)的测量的电流分量IIn(t)。如上所述,例如可以在每5秒钟、每10秒钟、每30秒钟、每1分钟、每5分钟、每10分钟等等采样周期测量电压分量VIn(t)、电流分量IIn(t)和/或电功率EIn(t)。历史变电站数据可进一步包括电功率EIn(t)的电压分量VIn(t)与电流分量IIn(t)之间的相位差基于相位差可确定电功率EIn(t)的功率因数。
根据本发明的一个方面,EC系统400可存储变电站级的集合kW数据、变电站级的电压数据以及天气数据,与每个智能仪表330的能量使用进行比较,以确定VCC系统200的能量节省,并利用线性回归从计算中消除天气、负荷增长、经济效应等等的影响。
在VCC系统200中,例如可从ROC计算机495发起控制。就此,可在ROC计算机495上显示控制屏幕305,例如美国公开启号2013/0030591的图3所示。控制屏幕305可对应于ER系统500中拥有特定变电站530(例如TRABUE变电站)的数据。ROC计算机495例如基于从ED系统300接收的用于用户150、160的智能仪表数据,可以控制和超驰(如果必要的话)变电站530负荷抽头变换变压器。ED系统300可以在预定(或可变的)间隔,例如平均每15分钟确定提供给用户150、160的电功率的电压,同时将电压维持在所需的电压限度以内。
为了系统安全,可通过直接通信链路430从ROC490和/或DMS480控制变电站530,包括通过通信链路430将数据传递给ER500、EUS300和EVP600并且从ER500、EUS300和EVP600传递数据。
此外,操作员可以在ROC490上发起电压控制程序,如果必要的话,超驰控制,并监测读取例如用于ER系统500中的变电站LTC变压器(未示出)的控制的用户电压VMeter(t)所用的时间。
图3示出用于确定通过操作图1-2中的VCC系统所实现的每位客户能量节约量的能量验证处理600。该处理开启始于601,由处理管理者下载开启和关闭周期数据602。下一步骤是从来自DSM480的VCC系统上的计量数据点收集每小时的电压和功率(MW)数据603,其中DMS可以是监测控制和数据采集(SCADA)型工业控制系统的一部分。接下来,为相同的每小时条件收集相应的天气数据604。处理数据605、606、607、608,以使用过滤器和分析技术提高其质量,从而消除可能不正确地影响结果的异常点,如下文进一步所述的。如果小时配对完成,则使用线性回归技术确定小时组609。下一个主要步骤是确定样本的最佳配对611、612、613、614、615、616、617,如下文进一步所述的。
图4示出数据库结构的例子,其中保留初始数据以便进行分析。该相关闭数据库允许数据的快速处理以及因异常而将不再使用的数据标记。有效存储用于后续分析的数据对为EVP提供评估性能是有用的。
图5示出处理前的数据质量审查的应用的例子。使用数据库扫描所有种类中超出范围水平的数值,例如零MW读数622和非常低的电压读数623。这些读数在处理前被识别并且被移除。其次,它示出重复数值,例如数据框621中重复的电压读数122.331伏特,这些重复数值是不良测试的指示并且将严重降低能量变化的计算。这些重复数值也将从后续计算中移除。还移除包括因夏季时间时间变化624所引起的缺失记录的已知异常值。
图6示出电压在每小时间隔的频率图的例子。期望绝大部分数据在分析时遵循标准的形式。这使得更容易发现本图所示异常数据中的不良质量数据。使用频率图审查数据并审查异常点,以与系统上的标准操作条件一致。诸如电压623之类的异常点如果落在预定带之外,则它们将被消除。该是适用于所有变量的分析的例子。
图7示出用于电压和MW两者的“关闭”到“开启”数据对比的柱状图。正如上面两幅图所示的,用于“开启”状态的电压具有比“关闭”数据明显更宽的偏离。这也是对比数据标准偏差不匹配时的担忧。具有超出范围或不匹配标准偏差的数据组可以被过滤掉。作为对比,MW数据在“开启”到“关闭”状态群体特征中具有非常一致的标准偏差和非常小的差距。
图8示出“OFF”(散点图上的黑色点)到“ON”(散点图上的红色点)总体按季节和按群组的散点图的对比的例子。这些图对审查整个性能水平范围内的采样水平是有用的。正如从这些例子中所看到的,存在若干区域624、625,其中这些区域没有针对“关闭”性能水平的大面积的“开启”样本。这意味着需要更多的采样,以准确代表这些节约性能区域。散点图的快速审查能够给出该类型测量的样本大小和妥当性的重要信息。
图9示出基于良好建立数据对比技术(称为配对t)的高水平配对处理的例子。该计算的目的在于对比数据的两个样本以确定从一个样本组到另一个样本组可变平均值的平均变化。配对t分析细节的文献资料可以在若干标准数据出版物中发现并且在标准软件包中易于获得。图9是应用到变电站530变压器和ED300电路MW和电压数据的处理的高水平描述。被计算的数值是CVR因子,该因子建立从样本1(P1)到样本2(P2)功率(瓦特)变化百分比与从样本1(V1)到样本2(V2)电压(伏特)变化百分比的比率。CVR因子=((P1-P2)/P1)/((V1-V2)/V1)。样本1在CVR控制系统是“关闭”时从MW和仪表处电压数据中选取,样本2在CVR是“开启”时从数据中选取。更大CVR因子表明来自电压降低更多功率节约,而用于一些CVR系统的普通被观察的CVR因子被观察到在约0.2到1.2的范围内。
使用图9中规则对几组样本进行配对。图9中记录1和2分别针对样本1和2。针对样本1和2:瞬时上游变压器(TX#1)必须是相同的(=);状态(例如,CVR是关闭还是开启)必须是不相同的(<>),日类型(例如,工作日、周末或假期)必须是相等的(=);降温日和升温日(CDD/HDD)每一者应当在正或负一度日(±1DD)内匹配,以及相对湿度应当在正或负百分之五(±5相对湿度)内匹配。来自“关闭”和“开启”状态的两个样本的匹配创建一对样本。一旦配对,来自样本1和2的电压和功率可以用于CVR因子计算。这些配对中的至少30对需要用于两个样本组之间平均差的计算以具有数据显著性(约95%可信度)。
有用于阐释实施例的配对分析的三个特征。首先,配对样本是独立的。这要求针对从数据组选取的每个样本,无论是针对样本1(关闭状态)或样本2(开启状态),只能使用来自样本的数值并在分析中配对一次。一旦样本被使用,该样本从数据组中移除以选择下一对。第二个特征是数据组是标准数据组。该特征针对每个分析都进行数据审查。使用Anderson-Darling常态性测试审查常态性。第三,配对t样本的数量大于约30以呈现数据显著。将显示针对每组分析的该计算。一旦出现这三个特征,则实施配对t分析并且通过配对样本变化确定具有可信区间的平均差。该阐释实施例使用用于CVR分析的95%可信水平。
图10示出用于通过将样本分为连续组而减小计算中变量的方法的例子。针对MW和电压数据,该分组是通过将样本数据分为相互连续的时间组而完成的。可以利用线性回归技术完成该分组。使用线性回归审查变量的连续性。在一天中相同时刻(图10的表开启头处时刻0到23)选取的样本被分为一组并且在图10相同栏中标示。通过使用线性回归常数确定代表相似数据的样本时刻以审查被分组在一起的时刻之间的连续性。此外,每个数据还组被分组成为季节组。该分组处理的结果是首先将样本数据分成春夏秋冬季节组。然后,使用线性回归将用于每个季节日(0到23)的时刻分为用于配对t测试的相似组。该技术将使用于从一个样本组到另一个样本组平均差的配对t计算中的变量变少。
图11示出用于VCC配对HDD/CDD和湿度两者的多个变化例子的详细配对处理。该处理创建所有组合中可能配对的总列表。基于线性最佳化方法储存每一个配对以近似基于该配对的能量效果加权独立变量并且使用线性化形成用于配对的最佳存储,包括使用线性回归常数HDD/CDD独立变量两者。例如,如果用于HDD/CDD的能量效果(例如,CVR因子中的改变)是用于湿度的能量效果的五倍,则样本之间HDD/CDD的差被加权为样本间湿度的差的五倍。
一旦完成该处理,则审查列表以获得最佳存储。这些数据被配对并且从配对列表上移除。如图11的处理图所示,对剩余配对的每一者重复该处理直到所有配对已经在公差水平内对变量最佳匹配。以这种方式,根据具有给定标准的所述实施例,对总体最佳配对给出可获取数据的最佳准确性。
图12示出来自CVR因子配对计算的数据柱状图的例子。注意配对被标准化并且符合t-分布特性。利用该消息,数据可以在选取数据期间被用于评估用于电路的CVR因子平均值的范围。可以针对一组30或更多的数据组计算该数据并且将产生CVR因子范围的准确表征。每个数据组需要一天时间。正常地,使用95%可靠区间确定用于CVR因子的可用范围。该数据因子具体地用于在评估的电路并且提供低至30个数据组最小值从而为30天间隔的电路性能的持续评估。
图13示出来自相同配对t分析间隔每位用户能量节省柱状图和散点图的例子。上面的图是kW/用户变化的测量,并且具有与t-分布可靠区间分析相兼容的相同类型的标准化特性。在“关闭”到“开启”状态下绘制的配对总体的散点图给出配对数据的快速直觉评估。总体上,如果大多数配对在红线一下,则VCC系统在提高节省,如果大多数配对均匀间隔在线的任何一侧,则VCC系统没有任何效果,如果大多数配对平均地在线以上,则VCC系统具有相反效果。在这种情况下,容易看到样本清楚地显示在能量节省中的提高。
图14示出用于另一个电路CVR因子分析的替换例子。图14的右图阐释在不使用控制电路补偿其它独立变量时完成测量的特征。结果显示具有更高CVR节省的非正常总体。在这种情况下,因为由经济衰退造成更低用电需求,因此在负荷中有实质的减少,从而使CVR因子看起来异常高。图14的左图具有控制电路,并且使用该电路移除负经济增长的异常影响。使用该控制电路的CVR因子减小,但是异常性变得很强,数据回归到用于VCC控制系统的正常范围以成为控制影响的唯一独立变量。
图15示出CVR因子和能量节省两者的最终计算的例子,以上两者源于VCC系统能量的最佳配对。电路容量直接计算中的结果以减少CVR因子所述的能量。该容量是通过减少较低操作带中电压以保存能量的能力。当实施对电压性能的其他更改时,VCC系统执行该类型的控制,EVP独立地计算电路的容量以继续存储。
图15还示出在研究的测量期间用于能量节省最终计算的例子。该能量节省是电路能力的持续报告,以继续保持为VCC系统计算的能量节省。该能力持续追踪性能而非不得不重复电路的一次测试以评估性能的能力代表技术中先前的重要步骤。既有系统基于大大减小效率性能的一次测试指示为了评估CVR因子和能量节省性能。此外,既有系统必须规律间隔地重复以确定是否保持节省。该EVP系统提供能够不减小VCC系统效果下产生近计量节省的向前的主要步骤。
虽然根据示例性实施例描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员将认识到,可以通过所附权利要求书的精神和范围内的修改实践本发明。这些实例仅仅是说明性的,并非要成为本发明的所有可能设计、实施例、应用或修改的穷尽列举。

Claims (42)

1.一种电压控制和能量节约系统,该系统使用配对t分布以在不使用天气标准化时计算系统上的能量使用变化或能量降低节约性能的提高,所述系统包括:
电能量传递系统,其具有变电站,所述变电站被配置为通过配电系统向电力使用系统供电的供能系统,所述电力使用系统供多个用户位置处的电力使用装置使用;
仪表,其位于所述多个用户位置中的至少一者和所述变电站处并被配置为基于通过AMI接收到的电力的测量分量产生AMI数据;以及
电压控制器,其被配置为基于所述AMI数据产生能量传递参数,
其中,所述变电站还被配置为基于所述能量传递参数调节提供给所述多个用户位置的电力的电压设置点值,以及
其中,利用能量验证处理间隔地测量所述电压和所述能量,利用配对t测量来测量能量特征(例如,CVR因子)的变化以及CVR“开启”设置点的电压与CVR“关闭”设置点的电压之间的能量节省,所述配对t测量利用最佳配对处理来为所述电能传递系统确定所述CVR因子和所述能量使用修正。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述配对处理包括:
将配对处理按季节分为CVR因子和节约能量节省的测量以使用应用线性回归常数以确定小时块的新颖技术的附加步骤,在所述附加步骤中,存在连续负荷并且能够最准确地计算配对t对比。
3.一种电压控制和能量节约系统,该系统使用配对t分布以在不使用天气标准化时计算系统上的能量使用变化或能量降低节约性能的提高,所述系统包括:
电能传递系统,其具有变电站,所述变电站被配置为通过配电系统向电力使用系统供电的供能系统,所述电力使用系统供多个用户位置处的电力使用装置使用;
多个仪表,其包括位于所述变电站的供应点处的仪表和位于各自的若干用户位置的至少一者处的至少一个仪表,并且被配置成基于由所述仪表接收的电力的测量分量产生仪表数据;
电压控制器,其被配置为在节约电压降低开启状态或节约电压降低关闭状态下运行;其中,当所述控制器处于所述节约电压降低开启状态而非所述节约电压降低关闭状态时,所述电压控制器应用节约电压降低以基于所述仪表数据产生节约电压降低能量传递参数;
其中,所述变电站还被配置为基于所述能量传递参数调节提供给所述多个用户位置的所述电力的电压设置点值,以及
其中,利用能量验证处理由所述仪表间隔地测量所述电压和所述能量,利用配对t测量来确定所述节约电压降低开启状态和所述节约电压关闭状态之间的能量特征的变化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述变电站还被配置成基于能量特征的变化调节在所述供应点处提供给所述多个用户位置的所述电功率的电压设置点值。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述电压控制器还被配置成基于能量特征的变化调节所述能量传递参数。
6.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述能量特征是节约电压降低因子。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述能量特征是能量节省。
8.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,在所述间隔内将每个仪表的数据取平均值。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述间隔为24小时的一段时间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述间隔为4小时的一段时间。
11.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述间隔为1小时的一段时间。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述配对处理包括附加处理,所述附加处理将所述配对t处理分割成按季节测量节约电压降低因子和节约电压节省,并且使用线性回归常量确定在预定界限内的恒定负荷存在并且配对t比较能被精确计算的时间块。
13.一种用于输电和配电网的控制系统,所述输电和配电网被配置为从供应点向多个用户位置供电,所述系统包括:
多个传感器,其中,每个传感器位于所述分配网上的多个配电位置的各者处,所述分配网位于所述多个用户位置的至少一者和所述供应点处或者位于所述多个用户位置的至少一者和所述供应点之间,并且其中,每个传感器被配置为感应在所述各自的配电位置处的供应电力的分量并且基于感应的所述电力的分量产生测量数据;
控制器,其被配置为基于从所述多个传感器接收的所述测量数据产生能量传递参数,并且被配置为使所述输电和配电网在修正开启状态或修正关闭状态下运行;
分量调节装置,其被配置为响应于所述能量传递参数来调节所述输电和配电网的分量;
其中,所述控制器被配置为使用能量验证处理和配对t测量确定所述修正开启状态和所述修正关闭状态之间的能量特征的变化。
14.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为当所述控制器处于所述修正开启状态时而非所述修正关闭状态时应用所述修正以基于所述仪表数据产生能量传递参数。
15.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述被供应电力的分量由所述仪表间隔测量。
16.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述被供应电力的分量是电压。
17.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述修正是节约电压降低。
18.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其中,所述输电和配电网的分量调节装置包括:负荷抽头变换变压器,其基于负荷抽头变换系数调节所述供应点处供应的所述电力的电压;或者电压调节器,其基于所述能量传递参数调节所述供应点处供应的所述电力的电压。
19.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述能量特征是节约电压降低因子。
20.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述能量特征是能量节省。
21.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,在所述间隔内将每个仪表的数据取平均值。
22.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述间隔为24小时的一段时间。
23.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述间隔为4小时的一段时间。
24.根据权利要求15所述的系统,其中,所述间隔为1小时的一段时间。
25.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述配对处理包括附加处理,所述附加处理将所述配对t处理分割成按季节测量节约电压降低因子和节约电压节省,并且使用线性回归常量确定在预定界限内的恒定负荷存在并且配对t比较能被精确计算的时间块。
26.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为基于能量特征中的变化调节电压。
27.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为使用配对p-因子消除数值在相应数值预定标准范围外的数据,以确定测量准确性。
28.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为基于第一变量确定能量特征中的变化。
29.根据权利要求28所述的系统,其中,所述第一变量是季节、成组的小时或用户类型。
30.根据权利要求28所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置提供仅次于所述第一配对变量的第二配对变量,以将所述第一变量值配对到最近的修改关闭数值至修改开启数值,并且基于第一相对变量和第二相对变量之间的线性关闭系的相对斜率来确定配对的加权数。
31.根据权利要求13所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为排除受非有效变量影响的数据。
32.一种用于控制供应给多个配电位置的电力的方法,所述多个配电位置位于供应点和至少一个用户位置处或者位于所述供应点和所述至少一个用户位置之间,所述多个配电位置中的每一者包括至少一个传感器,所述至少一个传感器被配置成感应在所述各自的配电位置处的供应电力的电压并且基于所述感应的电压产生测量数据,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在修正开启状态或者在修正关闭状态下控制输电和配电网;其中,当控制器处于所述修正开启状态时而非所述修正关闭状态时,所述控制器应用修正以基于所述仪表数据产生能量传递参数;
运行分量调节装置,所述调节装置被配置为响应于所述能量传递参数调节所述输电和配电网的分量;
利用能量验证处理由所述仪表间隔地测量所述供应电力的分量,并且利用线性回归确定所述节约电压降低开启状态和所述节约电压降低关闭之间的能量特征的变化。
33.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述被供应电力的分量是电压。
34.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述修改是节约电压降低。
35.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述输电和配电网的分量调节装置包括:负荷抽头变换变压器,其基于负荷抽头变换系数调节所述供应点处供应的所述电力的电压;或者电压调节器,其基于所述能量传递参数调节所述供应点处供应的所述电力的电压。
36.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述能量特征是节约电压降低因子。
37.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述能量特征是能量节省。
38.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,在所述间隔内将每个仪表的数据取平均值。
39.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述间隔为24小时的一段时间。
40.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述间隔为4小时的一段时间。
41.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述间隔为1小时的一段时间。
42.根据权利要求32所述的方法,其中,所述配对处理包括附加处理,所述附加处理将所述配对t处理分割成按季节测量节约电压降低因子和节约电压节省,并且使用线性回归常量确定在预定界限内的恒定负荷存在并且配对t比较能被精确计算的时间块。
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