CN105047055A - Permanent magnet type Zeeman effect experiment apparatus and the experimental principle thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a permanent magnet type Zeeman effect experiment apparatus and an experimental principle thereof, and relates to the technical field of the Zeeman effect. One side of a selenium photocell is connected with a bright spot galvanometer. The upper part of the selenium photocell is connected with a spectrometer telescope. The upper part of the spectrometer telescope is in sleeve joint with a polarizing plate and a 1/4 wave plate. The 1/4 wave plate is arranged at the upper part of the polarizing plate. A loading platform is arranged at the upper part of the 1/4 wave plate. Permanent magnets, a filter and an etalon are drawn on the loading platform. The permanent magnets, the filter and the etalon are integrally arranged. The filter is arranged at the lower part of two permanent magnets. The permanent magnet type Zeeman effect experiment apparatus has the advantages of novel structure, accurate measurement result, easy adjusting and low cost, can be used as a spectrometer attachment, verifies the correctness of a document 1 (Zhang Zhixiang. Polarizing Issues of Zeeman Effect[J]. physics. 1978.7(6):339), and helps students to further understand the Zeeman effect.

Description

A kind of magneto zeeman effect experiment instrument and experimental principle thereof

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of magneto zeeman effect experiment instrument and experimental principle thereof, belong to Zeeman effect technical field.

Background technology:

1896, light source was placed in high-intensity magnetic field by the famous experimental physicist Zeeman (Zeeman) of Holland, and research magnetic field is on the impact of spectral line, found that, a splitting of spectral lines originally becomes several spectrum lines, and the spectral line composition of division is polarization, and this phenomenon is called Zeeman effect.Owing to having found this effect, Zeeman obtained Nobel Prize in physics in 1902.This is one of serious achievement of experimental physicist at that time, and it makes the structure of people to the spectrum of material, atom and molecule have more understanding.Zeeman effect test with Stern-Gai Lahe and two-wire in alkaline metal spectrum the same, convincingly demonstrated electronics and had spin, the division of energy level is due to electron trajectory magnetic moment and the interactional result of spin magnetic moment.

Current existing zeeman effect experiment instrument measurement result is inaccurate, regulate complicated, lose time, cost is high, increase experimental cost, and function singleness, practicality is not strong, at present also neither one experiment utilize Zeeman effect to prove document 1 (Xiang. the polarization problem [J] of Zeeman effect. physics .1978.7 (6): correctness 339), bring certain difficulty to the understanding of student.

Summary of the invention:

For the problems referred to above, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of magneto zeeman effect experiment instrument and experimental principle thereof.

A kind of magneto zeeman effect experiment instrument of the present invention and experimental principle thereof, it comprises selenium cell, light spot galvanometer, spectroscope telescope, polaroid, quarter wave plate, optical filter, permanent magnet, article carrying platform and etalon; The side of selenium cell is connected with light spot galvanometer, the top of selenium cell is connected with spectroscope telescope, the telescopical upper socket of spectroscope has polaroid and quarter wave plate, quarter wave plate is arranged on the top of polaroid, the top of quarter wave plate is provided with article carrying platform, article carrying platform picks permanent magnet, optical filter and etalon, permanent magnet, optical filter and etalon are wholely set, and optical filter is arranged on the bottom of two permanent magnets.

As preferably, experimental principle of the present invention is: light source is placed in external magnetic field, then perpendicular to the light that magnetic direction carries out, a line splitting is three, and these three is all linearly polarized lights, and the direction of vibration of middle is parallel to magnetic field, is π component; The direction of vibration that side is two, perpendicular to magnetic field, is δ component, and theoretical and experiment shows, the frequency of π component equals former spectral line without frequency v during magnetic field ₀, the frequency of δ component is (v ₀+ Δ v) and (v ₀-Δ v); The light intensity of two δ components is equal, and the light intensity of π component is the twice of each δ component, and the light intensity sum of three equals the light intensity of former spectral line, the horizontal effect of simple Zeeman effect that Here it is; Along the light that magnetic direction is advanced, a line splitting becomes two, and these two is all circularly polarized light, and their frequency is identical with the δ component frequencies of two in horizontal effect respectively, high frequency (v ₀+ Δ v) be a left circularly polarized light, low frequency (v ₀-Δ v) be a right-circularly polarized light, their intensity is equal, itself and equal the intensity of former spectral line, the longitudinal effect of simple Zeeman effect that Here it is;

For along the light of advancing with magnetic direction (0< θ <2 π) into θ angle, the polarization state of its spectral line and light intensity problem, document [1] application quantum mechanics method, pushes away the transition (m=m '-1) having demonstrate,proved m depreciation in detail; The value-added transition of m (m '+1); Transition (m=m ') several situation that m is constant;

In experiment, the vibration plane of polarized light piece is vertically placed in plane that magnetic field B and light going direction form, rotatory polarization sheet, it is made to remain and this plane orthogonal, when magnetic direction changes or direction of observation (θ angle) changes, the elegant total light intensity crossing polarized light piece on θ at an arbitrary position

$I_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}=I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{+}}+I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{-}}=\frac{1}{2}{I}_0(1+{\cos }^2\mathrm{\&theta;})---\left(1\right)$

In position, θ=0, the total light intensity through polaroid is

$I_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}=I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{+}}+I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{-}}=I_0---\left(2\right)$

In θ=pi/2 position, through total light intensity of polaroid

I _θ＝I ₀/4+I ₀/4＝I ₀/2(3)

If now take off polaroid, then have

I _θ＝I _θ++I _θ-+I _π＝I ₀/4+I ₀/4+I ₀/2＝I ₀(4)

According to the derivation of document [1], because formula (1) makes I _θ=y; a ₀=I ₀/ 2, a ₁=I ₀/ 2; cos ²θ=x, application Linear regression process data, can obtain I ₀.If I ₀value equal in measuring error allowed band with the direct measured value of longitudinal effect, then the quantum mechanics method inference of document [1] is correct.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: its novel structure, and measurement result is accurate, easy to adjust, cheap, can as spectroscope annexuse, demonstrate document 1 (Xiang. the polarization problem [J] of Zeeman effect. physics .1978.7 (6): correctness 339), is conducive to the further understanding of student to Zeeman effect.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

For ease of illustrating, the present invention by following concrete enforcement and accompanying drawingbe described in detail.

fig. 1for the structural representation of magneto zeeman effect experiment instrument in the present invention figure,

fig. 2for the Zeeman effect structural representation that light in the present invention is gone up in any direction figure,

fig. 3for Plays of the present invention is apart from the formation structural representation of light path and interference circle figure,

fig. 4for I in the present invention _θ~ cos ²θ curve figure,

fig. 5for going up light intensity and the polarization of Zeeman effect in the present invention in any direction,

fig. 6for the result that angle-measuring equipment and the galvanometer of spectroscope in the present invention record,

fig. 7for the measured value of interference ring diameter in the present invention.

in figure: D-selenium cell; G-light spot galvanometer; T-spectroscope telescope; P-polaroid; K-1/4 wave plate; F-optical filter; M-permanent magnet; C-article carrying platform; F-P-etalon.

embodiment:

For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below by accompanying drawingwith attached in tablethe specific embodiment illustrated is to describe the present invention.But should be appreciated that, these describe just exemplary, and do not really want to limit the scope of the invention.In addition, in the following description, the description to known features and technology is eliminated, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring concept of the present invention.

as Fig. 1shown in, this embodiment by the following technical solutions: it comprises selenium cell D, light spot galvanometer G, spectroscope telescope T, polaroid P, quarter wave plate K, optical filter F, permanent magnet M, article carrying platform C and etalon F-P; The side of selenium cell D is connected with light spot galvanometer G, the top of selenium cell D is connected with spectroscope telescope T, the upper socket of spectroscope telescope T has polaroid P and quarter wave plate K, quarter wave plate K is arranged on the top of polaroid P, the top of quarter wave plate K is provided with article carrying platform C, article carrying platform C picks permanent magnet M, optical filter F and etalon F-P, permanent magnet M, optical filter F and etalon F-P are wholely set, and optical filter F is arranged on the bottom of two permanent magnet M.

Further, experimental principle of the present invention is: light source is placed in external magnetic field, then perpendicular to the light that magnetic direction carries out, a line splitting is three, and these three is all linearly polarized lights, and the direction of vibration of middle is parallel to magnetic field, is π component; The direction of vibration that side is two, perpendicular to magnetic field, is δ component, and theoretical and experiment shows, the frequency of π component equals former spectral line without frequency v during magnetic field ₀, the frequency of δ component is (v ₀+ Δ v) and (v ₀-Δ v); The light intensity of two δ components is equal, and the light intensity of π component is the twice of each δ component, and the light intensity sum of three equals the light intensity of former spectral line, the horizontal effect of simple Zeeman effect that Here it is; Along the light that magnetic direction is advanced, a line splitting becomes two, and these two is all circularly polarized light, and their frequency is identical with the δ component frequencies of two in horizontal effect respectively, high frequency (v ₀+ Δ v) be a left circularly polarized light, low frequency (v ₀-Δ v) be a right-circularly polarized light, their intensity is equal, itself and equal the intensity of former spectral line, the longitudinal effect of simple Zeeman effect that Here it is, as Fig. 2shown in;

For along the light of advancing with magnetic direction (0< θ <2 π) into θ angle, the polarization state of its spectral line and light intensity problem, document [1] application quantum mechanics method, pushes away the transition (m=m '-1) having demonstrate,proved m depreciation in detail; The value-added transition of m (m '+1); Transition (m=m ') several situation that m is constant.

In experiment, be vertically placed on by the vibration plane of polarized light piece in plane that magnetic field B and light going direction form, rotatory polarization sheet, makes it remain and this plane orthogonal, when magnetic direction changes or direction of observation (θ angle) changes, by fig. 5learn, at an arbitrary position the elegant total light intensity crossing polarized light piece on θ

$I_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}=I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{+}}+I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{-}}=\frac{1}{2}{I}_0(1+{\cos }^2\mathrm{\&theta;})---\left(1\right)$

In position, θ=0, the total light intensity through polaroid is

$I_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}=I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{+}}+I_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{-}}=I_0---\left(2\right)$

In θ=pi/2 position, through total light intensity of polaroid

I _θ＝I ₀/4+I ₀/4＝I ₀/2(3)

If now take off polaroid, then have

I _θ＝I _θ++I _θ-+I _π＝I ₀/4+I ₀/4+I ₀/2＝I ₀(4)

According to the derivation of document [1], because formula (1) makes I _θ=y; a ₀=I ₀/ 2, a ₁=I ₀/ 2; cos ²θ=x, application Linear regression process data, can obtain I ₀.If I ₀value equal in measuring error allowed band with the direct measured value of longitudinal effect, then the quantum mechanics method inference of document [1] is correct.

M in this embodiment on experimental apparatus is the permanent magnet that up-to-date permanent magnetic material (Nd-Fe-B) is made, the advantages such as it has good stability, magnetic field is strong, air gap is adjustable, lightweight.Cartridge diameter 40mm, in adjustable air gap 5.0 ~ 50.0mm, corresponding magnetic induction density is 0.90 ~ 0.47T, and by actual measurement, the magnetic induction density B between permanent magnet adjustable air gap and the distance x between two magnetic poles, roughly meet formula B=B ₀e ^-0.015x; B ₀=1000mT.During design, permanent magnet and optical filter F, F-P etalon are integrally formed, and be pull-in on the article carrying platform C of spectroscope securely, the air gap of permanent magnet will be convenient to regulate, different B values can be obtained between the two poles of the earth, light source bearing support on permanent magnet wants adjustable, and whole device is placed on spectroscope objective table, should not affect the adjustment of spectroscope and normal use.

K and P is quarter wave plate and polaroid, for the ease of adjustment, is locked on spectroscope telescope T.

D is selenium cell, i.e. YF-1 type spectroscope annex, G is light spot galvanometer.During experiment, taken off by the telescope ocular of spectroscope, install D, light intensity is that the light source to be measured of I shines on D, because galvanometer reading i and light intensity I has i=s (λ) I relational expression, is then drawn the value of I by i.

Learnt by Experiments of Modern Physics teaching material, in zeeman effect experiment, the empirical formula measuring the e/m of electronics is

$e/m=\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}c}{dB}\left(\frac{D_k^2-D_{k^{\&prime;}}^2}{D_{k-1}^2-D_k^2}\right)$

In formula, e/m is electron charge-mass ratio, and c is the light velocity, and d is the distance between F-P etalon two glass plate, and B is the magnetic induction density between permanent magnetism air gap, and D is the diameter of circle interference ring, and in experiment, d, B, c are constant, measure corresponding round interference ring diameter, can obtain e/m.

? fig. 1in shown instrument, measure D and directly use spectroscope angle-measuring equipment, due to θ in formula _kkth level interference circle diameter D _kcorresponding angle, l is and D _kcorresponding adjacent side, be constant in an experiment, then formula (14-4) can be written as

$e/m=\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}c}{dB}\&CenterDot;\frac{{\&lsqb;2l\tan \left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_k}{2}\right)\&rsqb;}^2-{\&lsqb;2l\tan \left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{k^{;}}}{2}\right)\&rsqb;}^2}{{\&lsqb;2l\tan \left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{k-1}}{2}\right)\&rsqb;}^2-{\&lsqb;2l\tan \left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_k}{2}\right)\&rsqb;}^2}$

$=\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}c}{dB}\&CenterDot;\frac{{\tan }^2\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_k}{2}\right)-{\tan }^2\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{k^{\&prime;}}}{2}\right)}{{\tan }^2\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{k-1}}{2}\right)-{\tan }^2\left(\frac{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_k}{2}\right)}---\left(5\right)$

(2) F-P etalon

The line splitting that Zeeman effect causes is very little, its relative value Δ σ/σ=Δ λ/λ=10 ^-5~ 10 ^-6, can at the order of magnitude of its split values of visible light wave range at 1/10nm.The explanation ability of prism spectrometer or grating spectrograph (being collectively referred to as conventional spectrometer) is 10 ³~ 10 ⁵, therefore be difficult to observe Zeeman effect with conventional spectrometer.Fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) standard is a kind of multiple-beam interference device, forms primarily of two pieces of flat glass plates, as Fig. 3shown in, the resolving power of Fabry-Perot (Fabry-Perot) etalon can reach 10 ⁶, therefore working standard tool observes Zeeman effect.But because the free spectral range of etalon is very little, after usually first will separating a rule spectrum line with conventional spectrometer, then with the further light splitting of etalon.

Experiment is light source with Cooper-Hewitt lamp, because its spectral line interval is very large, utilize optical filter can isolate 546.1nm spectral line, therefore this experiment adopts interference filter and Fabry-Perot etalons to complete light splitting task.

In the projection light of Fabry-Perot etalons, the optical path difference of adjacent two light beams is

Δ＝2ndcosi

N=1 in atmosphere, so

Δ＝2dcosi

Wherein d is etalon interval, and i is the incident angle of the light projecting etalon.When optical path difference Δ equals the several times of wavelength, formed and interfere bright ring, namely for k level interference ring, meet

Δ＝kλ＝2dcosi

(6)

By fig. 3can obtain

$\cos i=\frac{f}{\sqrt{f^2+{\left(\frac{D}{2}\right)}^2}}\&ap;1-\frac{D^2}{8f^2}---\left(7\right)$

(14-7) formula is substituted into (14-6) formula obtain

$2d\left(1-\frac{D^2}{8f^2}\right)=k\mathrm{\&lambda;}---\left(8\right)$

Namely to the light of a certain wavelength X, order of interference k and interference ring diameter square (D ²) linear.Along with the increase of interference fringe diameter, fringe density also increases, and wherein negative sign shows that D is larger, and order of interference is lower, and in the interference fringe at the same level that different wavelengths of light produces, the interference circle fringe diameter that the light of wavelength X produces is larger.The adjacent two-stage k produce Same Wavelength light and k-1 line, interference fringe diameter square is expressed as D _k ²and D _k-1 ², both differences are expressed as Δ D ², obtained by (8) formula

${\mathrm{\&Delta;D}}^2={D_{K-1}}^2-{D_k}^2=\frac{4f^2\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{d}---\left(9\right)$

To same one-level different wave length λ _aand λ _bwavelength difference obtained by (8) formula

${\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_a-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_b=\frac{d}{4f^{2}k}({D_b}^2-{D_a}^2)$

(9) formula is substituted into,

${\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_a-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_b=\frac{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}{k}\left(\frac{{D_b}^2-{D_a}^2}{{D_{k-1}}^2-{D_k}^2}\right)---\left(10\right)$

Interference fringe used during measurement is some interference fringes of immediate vicinity, makes i=0, obtains the order of interference of center interference fringe.Because this order of interference numerical value is very large, time difference of the level between it and tested order of interference is negligible, therefore can replace the order of interference of tested interference ring with the order of interference k of center interference ring, and the order of interference being obtained center interference ring by (6) formula is

$k=\frac{2d}{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}$

(10) formula of substitution obtains

${\mathrm{\&Delta;\&lambda;}}_{ab}={\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_a-{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}_b=\frac{{\mathrm{\&lambda;}}^2}{2d}\left(\frac{D_b^2-D_a^2}{D_{k-1}^2-D_k^2}\right)$

Be expressed as with wave-number difference

${\mathrm{\&Delta;\&sigma;}}_{ab}={\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_a-{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_b=\frac{1}{2d}\frac{{{\mathrm{\&Delta;D}}_{ab}}^2}{{\mathrm{\&Delta;D}}^2}---\left(11\right)$

Wherein Δ D _ab ²=D _b ²-D _a ², Δ D ²=D _k-1 ²-D _k ².This formula is exactly in order to calculate the formula of wave-number difference in experiment.

For normal Zeeman effect, the wave-number difference of division spectral line is

$\mathrm{\&Delta;}\mathrm{\&delta;}=L=\frac{eB}{4\mathrm{\&pi;}mc}$

If calculated this formula is substituted into (14-11) formula,

$\frac{e}{m}=\frac{2\mathrm{\&pi;}c}{dB}\&CenterDot;\frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;D}}_{ab}^2}{{\mathrm{\&Delta;D}}^2}$

Experiment content and measurement result example in this embodiment:

(1) relation of line strength and direction of observation

Adjustment polaroid, in guarantee without spectral line v ⁰under the condition of transmission, record following data by the angle-measuring equipment of spectroscope and galvanometer, see fig. 6, (have modified dark current and stray light), application Return Law process data:

$r=l_{xy}/\sqrt{l_{xy}{l}_{yy}}=0.999096;$ a ₁＝l _xy/l _xx＝20.6147；

$a_0=\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{y}-a_1\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x}=20.076;l_{xx}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\&Sigma;}}{x}_i^2-\frac{1}{12}{\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\&Sigma;}}{x}_i\right)}^2=0.335889;$

$l_{yy}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\&Sigma;}}{y}_i^2-\frac{1}{12}{\left(\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\&Sigma;}}{y}_i\right)}^2=143;l_{xy}=\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\&Sigma;}}{x}_i{y}_i-\frac{1}{12}\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\&Sigma;}}{x}_i\underset{i=1}{\overset{12}{\&Sigma;}}{y}_i=6.92425;$

$S=\frac{\sqrt{(1-r^2)l_{yy}}}{10}=0.16;S_{a_1}=S/\sqrt{l_{xx}}=0.3;$

$S_{a_0}=\sqrt{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{x^2}}\&CenterDot;S_{a_1}=0.08$

Experimental formula: I _θ=20.08+20.6cos ²θ does same measurement (data record slightly) in pi/2 < θ < π scope, makes I _θ~ cos ²θ figure (0< θ < π) as Fig. 4shown in, by in figurethe intercept of straight line also can obtain a ₀=I ₀/ 2=20.05 lattice.

In experiment, during θ=0, take off polaroid, record I ₀=40 lattice.When time, rotatory polarization sheet records δ ₊and δ _-during delustring, I _θ=I ₀/ 2=20 lattice, I during π delustring _θ=I ₀/ 2=19 lattice, now take off polaroid, record I _θ=I ₀=40 lattice, by fig. 4prove with measurement result fig. 6in conclusion be correct, formula (1) be set up.

(2) e/m is measured

Photoelectric cell is taken off, load onto the telescopical eyepiece of former spectroscope, adjustment spectroscope makes it in running order, make telescope optic axis vertical with F-P etalon minute surface with autocollimation method, and more than 10 grades interference circles can be observed, the central angle θ of interference ring diameter D article carrying platform corresponding to string is directly measured, result with spectroscope as Fig. 7shown in:

θ _k-1/2＝3°48'；θ _k/2＝3°0'；θ _k/2＝2°50'；B＝0.630T

d＝3.00mm；c＝3×10 ⁸m/s,e/m＝1.785×10 ¹¹C·kg ^-1

Relative error $E_r=\frac{(1.785-1.759)\&times;{10}^{11}}{1.759\&times;{10}^{11}}=1.5\%$

(3) observation of polarization state on any direction

To the observation of the polarization state of any direction glazing, use spectroscope FGY-01 type annex1/4 wavelength sheet and 1/2 wavelength sheet carry out verifying (omission of result example), during experiment, 1/4 wavelength sheet 1/2 wavelength sheet is inhaled on permanent magnetism or before being enclosed within spectroscope telescope objective, quarter wave plate 14 with have the support of angle dial to be connected, they can integrally rotate at own layer, its position is kept in mind by reading φ, and element then equals the knots modification of φ value around the angle that spectroscope telescope and parallel light tube optical axis turn over.

More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (2)

1. a magneto zeeman effect experiment instrument, is characterized in that: it comprises selenium cell (D), light spot galvanometer (G), spectroscope telescope (T), polaroid (P), quarter wave plate (K), optical filter (F), permanent magnet (M), article carrying platform (C) and etalon (F-P), the side of selenium cell (D) is connected with light spot galvanometer (G), the top of selenium cell (D) is connected with spectroscope telescope (T), the upper socket of spectroscope telescope (T) has polaroid (P) and quarter wave plate (K), quarter wave plate (K) is arranged on the top of polaroid (P), the top of quarter wave plate (K) is provided with article carrying platform (C), article carrying platform (C) picks permanent magnet (M), optical filter (F) and etalon (F-P), permanent magnet (M), optical filter (F) and etalon (F-P) are wholely set, optical filter (F) is arranged on the bottom of two permanent magnets (M).

2. an experimental principle for magneto zeeman effect experiment instrument, is characterized in that: light source is placed in external magnetic field, then perpendicular to the light that magnetic direction carries out, article one, line splitting is three, these three is all linearly polarized lights, and the direction of vibration of middle is parallel to magnetic field, is π component; The direction of vibration that side is two, perpendicular to magnetic field, is δ component, and theoretical and experiment shows, the frequency of π component equals former spectral line without frequency v during magnetic field ₀, the frequency of δ component is (v ₀+ Δ v) and (v ₀-Δ v); The light intensity of two δ components is equal, and the light intensity of π component is the twice of each δ component, and the light intensity sum of three equals the light intensity of former spectral line, the horizontal effect of simple Zeeman effect that Here it is; Along the light that magnetic direction is advanced, a line splitting becomes two, and these two is all circularly polarized light, and their frequency is identical with the δ component frequencies of two in horizontal effect respectively, high frequency (v ₀+ Δ v) be a left circularly polarized light, low frequency (v ₀-Δ v) be a right-circularly polarized light, their intensity is equal, itself and equal the intensity of former spectral line, the longitudinal effect of simple Zeeman effect that Here it is;

For along the light of advancing with magnetic direction (0< θ <2 π) into θ angle, the polarization state of its spectral line and light intensity problem, document [1] application quantum mechanics method, pushes away the transition (m=m '-1) having demonstrate,proved m depreciation in detail; The value-added transition of m (m '+1); Transition (m=m ') several situation that m is constant;

In experiment, the vibration plane of polarized light piece is vertically placed in plane that magnetic field B and light going direction form, rotatory polarization sheet, it is made to remain and this plane orthogonal, when magnetic direction changes or direction of observation (θ angle) changes, the elegant total light intensity crossing polarized light piece on θ at an arbitrary position

In position, θ=0, the total light intensity through polaroid is

In θ=pi/2 position, through total light intensity of polaroid

I _θ＝I ₀/4+I ₀/4＝I ₀/2(3)

If now take off polaroid, then have

I _θ＝I _θ++I _θ-+I _π＝I ₀/4+I ₀/4+I ₀/2＝I ₀(4)

According to the derivation of document [1], because formula (1) makes I _θ=y; a ₀=I ₀/ 2, a ₁=I ₀/ 2; cos ²θ=x, application Linear regression process data, can obtain I ₀.If I ₀value equal in measuring error allowed band with the direct measured value of longitudinal effect, then the quantum mechanics method inference of document [1] is correct.