CN105045091A - Dredging process intelligent decision analysis method based on fuzzy neural control system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种基于模糊神经控制系统的疏浚工艺智能决策分析方法,属于疏浚工程领域。The invention relates to an intelligent decision-making analysis method for dredging technology based on a fuzzy neural control system, which belongs to the field of dredging engineering.
背景技术Background technique
疏浚作为水下作业,工艺调控参量众多,而且目前国内疏浚自动化程度不高,仍以人工操作为主。即使经验丰富的操作人员,由于影响泥浆流动状态的因素错综复杂,诸如泥浆浓度、泥浆流速、泥沙粒径、不同泥沙的沉降速度和管道性能等,且各因素间相互影响导致定性测试相对困难。致使疏浚生产一直处于低产低效且高能耗高排放状态。因此,提高疏浚自动化程度在今天显得尤为迫切。As an underwater operation, dredging has many process control parameters, and at present, the degree of automation of dredging in China is not high, and manual operation is still the main method. Even for experienced operators, due to the complex factors affecting the mud flow state, such as mud concentration, mud flow velocity, sediment particle size, sedimentation velocity of different sediments and pipeline performance, etc., and the interaction of various factors makes qualitative testing relatively difficult . As a result, dredging production has been in a state of low production, low efficiency, high energy consumption and high emissions. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to improve the degree of dredging automation.
1965年,美国自动控制学者Z.A.Zadeh提出模糊集合概念,首创模糊集理论,用于描述没有明确界限和模糊外延的现象。1943年,法国心理学家W.S.McCuloch和W.Pitts提出神经元模型。用神经网络的空间复杂性来融合模糊控制的时间复杂性,两者结合便诞生了模糊神经控制系统,模糊神经控制系统为我们提供了一种新的思路。In 1965, Z.A. Zadeh, an American automatic control scholar, proposed the concept of fuzzy sets and pioneered fuzzy set theory, which is used to describe phenomena without clear boundaries and fuzzy extensions. In 1943, French psychologists W.S.McCuloch and W.Pitts proposed the neuron model. The space complexity of neural network is used to fuse the time complexity of fuzzy control, and the combination of the two creates a fuzzy neural control system. The fuzzy neural control system provides us with a new way of thinking.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实现了一种基于模糊神经控制系统的疏浚工艺智能决策分析方法,通过神经网络的空间复杂性来融合模糊控制的时间复杂性,使疏浚作业自动化程度更高。The invention realizes an intelligent decision-making analysis method for dredging technology based on a fuzzy neural control system, integrates the time complexity of fuzzy control through the space complexity of the neural network, and makes the dredging operation more automatic.
为了达到上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
基于模糊神经控制系统的疏浚工艺智能决策分析方法,包括以下步骤,An intelligent decision-making analysis method for dredging technology based on a fuzzy neural control system, including the following steps,
步骤一,收集影响疏浚作业施工工艺相关决策参量的数据资料;Step 1, collecting data related to decision-making parameters affecting the construction process of dredging operations;
步骤二,应用matlab主成分分析方法,找出贡献率最大的几个决策参量其特征阈值;Step two, apply the matlab principal component analysis method to find out the characteristic thresholds of several decision parameters with the largest contribution rate;
步骤三,建立知识库;所述知识库包括模糊规则库和模糊数据库;Step 3, establishing a knowledge base; the knowledge base includes a fuzzy rule base and a fuzzy database;
所述模糊规则库中定义了模糊规则;所述模糊数据库中定义了模糊规则中用到的隶属函数;Fuzzy rules are defined in the fuzzy rule base; membership functions used in the fuzzy rules are defined in the fuzzy database;
步骤四,选择模糊神经控制系统机构,建立人工神经元,根据疏浚作业复杂度确定神经网络的隐层数;Step 4, select the mechanism of the fuzzy neural control system, establish artificial neurons, and determine the number of hidden layers of the neural network according to the complexity of the dredging operation;
步骤五,建立模糊神经控制系统,对疏浚作业施工进行辅助决策。Step 5: Establish a fuzzy neural control system to assist in decision-making for dredging operations.
影响疏浚作业施工工艺相关决策参量包括泥浆浓度、绞刀转速、泥泵转速、管路流速、绞刀横移速度、绞刀切泥厚度、绞刀前进距离、绞刀深度、台车行程、管路均浓度和出口流速。The relevant decision-making parameters affecting the construction process of dredging operations include mud concentration, reamer speed, mud pump speed, pipeline flow rate, reamer traverse speed, reamer cutting mud thickness, reamer advance distance, reamer depth, trolley travel, pipe Road-average concentration and outlet velocity.
贡献率最大的决策参量包括泥浆浓度、绞刀转速、泥泵转速、绞刀横移速度和绞刀前进距离。The decision parameters with the largest contribution rate include mud concentration, reamer speed, mud pump speed, reamer traversing speed and reamer advance distance.
所述隶属函数采用三分法计算获得,具体过程为,The membership function is calculated by the rule of thirds, and the specific process is as follows:
1)定义空间Ω,将Ω划分为三个子空间A1、A2和A3;1) Define space Ω, divide Ω into three subspaces A 1 , A 2 and A 3 ;
2)定义A1和A2的分界点/面为ξ,定义A2和A3的分界点/面为η;2) define the boundary point/face of A 1 and A 2 as ξ, define the boundary point/face of A 2 and A 3 as η;
3)使用随即分割法计算隶属函数的公式如下,3) The formula for calculating the membership function using the random partition method is as follows,
设(ξ,η)是满足P(ξ,η)=1的一组连续随即向量,设(ξ,η)的每次取值对应一个映射e,有Let (ξ, η) be a set of continuous random vectors satisfying P(ξ, η)=1, and let each value of (ξ, η) correspond to a mapping e, we have
e(ξ,η):Ω→U={A1,A2,A3}e(ξ, η):Ω→U={A 1 ,A 2 ,A 3 }
即每确定一次边界后都可得出三个相应的子空间That is to say, three corresponding subspaces can be obtained every time the boundary is determined
且and
其中:U是包含三个子集A1,A2,A3的全集;e(ξ,η)表示(ξ,η)的每次取值对应一个映射e;e(ξ,η)(x)表示当ξ和η确定时A1,A2,A3的取值范围;Among them: U is the complete set including three subsets A 1 , A 2 , A 3 ; e(ξ, η) means that each value of (ξ, η) corresponds to a mapping e; e(ξ, η)(x) Indicates the value range of A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 when ξ and η are determined;
则三个模糊子集对应的三个隶属函数和为,Then the three membership functions corresponding to the three fuzzy subsets and for,
其中,Pξ(u)和Pη(u)分别为ξ与η的边缘分布密度函数。Among them, P ξ (u) and P η (u) are the marginal distribution density functions of ξ and η, respectively.
采用BP算法,建立人工神经元,根据疏浚作业复杂度确定神经网络的隐层数。The BP algorithm is used to establish artificial neurons, and the number of hidden layers of the neural network is determined according to the complexity of the dredging operation.
将模糊规则库作为隐层节点,建立模糊神经控制系统,通过不断的学习与训练直至输出误差减小到允许的程度。The fuzzy rule base is used as the hidden layer node, and the fuzzy neural control system is established, and the output error is reduced to the allowable level through continuous learning and training.
本发明所达到的有益效果:本发明通过神经网络的空间复杂性来融合模糊控制的时间复杂性,且模糊神经控制有较强的自适应性和鲁棒性,仿真结果表明,静、动态性能及抗干扰性能均优于常规PID和常规模糊控制,这可以使疏浚作业自动化程度更高。The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention: the present invention fuses the time complexity of fuzzy control through the space complexity of neural network, and the fuzzy neural control has strong adaptability and robustness. The simulation results show that the static and dynamic performance And anti-jamming performance are superior to conventional PID and conventional fuzzy control, which can make dredging operations more automated.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的流程图。Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present invention.
图2为模糊神经控制系统基本结构图。Figure 2 is a basic structural diagram of the fuzzy neural control system.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示,基于模糊神经控制系统的疏浚工艺智能决策分析方法,包括以下步骤:As shown in Figure 1, the intelligent decision analysis method for dredging process based on fuzzy neural control system includes the following steps:
步骤一,收集影响疏浚作业施工工艺相关决策参量的数据资料。Step 1, collecting data on relevant decision-making parameters affecting the construction process of dredging operations.
影响疏浚作业施工工艺相关决策参量,需根据施工经验获得,在这里收集的决策参量包括泥浆浓度、绞刀转速、泥泵转速、管路流速、绞刀横移速度、绞刀切泥厚度、绞刀前进距离、绞刀深度、台车行程、管路均浓度和出口流速。The relevant decision-making parameters affecting the construction process of dredging operations need to be obtained based on construction experience. The decision-making parameters collected here include mud concentration, reamer speed, mud pump speed, pipeline flow rate, reamer traverse speed, reamer cutting mud thickness, reamer Knife advance distance, reamer depth, trolley travel, pipeline average concentration and outlet flow rate.
步骤二,应用matlab主成分分析方法,找出贡献率最大的几个决策参量其特征阈值。The second step is to use the matlab principal component analysis method to find out the characteristic thresholds of several decision parameters with the largest contribution rate.
应用matlab主成分分析方法,研究各决策参量对产量和能耗的贡献率及累计贡献率,得出影响产量与能耗的主成分及其特征阈值,为减少调控参数提供理论依据,为疏浚工艺决策的参数调控提供合理可行的值域,达到降低疏浚工艺决策的复杂性。Apply the matlab principal component analysis method to study the contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of each decision-making parameter to output and energy consumption, and obtain the principal components and characteristic thresholds that affect output and energy consumption. The decision-making parameter regulation provides a reasonable and feasible value range to reduce the complexity of dredging process decision-making.
这里影响产量与能耗的主成分,即贡献率最大的决策参量包括泥浆浓度、绞刀转速、泥泵转速、绞刀横移速度和绞刀前进距离。Here, the principal components that affect output and energy consumption, that is, the decision parameters with the largest contribution rate include mud concentration, reamer speed, mud pump speed, reamer traverse speed and reamer advance distance.
步骤三,建立知识库。Step three, build a knowledge base.
知识库包括模糊规则库和模糊数据库;模糊规则库中定义了模糊规则;模糊数据库中定义了模糊规则中用到的隶属函数。Knowledge base includes fuzzy rule base and fuzzy database; fuzzy rules are defined in fuzzy rule base; membership functions used in fuzzy rules are defined in fuzzy database.
隶属函数采用三分法计算获得,具体过程为,The membership function is calculated by the method of thirds, and the specific process is as follows:
A1)定义空间Ω,将Ω划分为三个子空间A1、A2和A3;A1) Define space Ω, divide Ω into three subspaces A 1 , A 2 and A 3 ;
A2)定义A1和A2的分界点/面为ξ,定义A2和A3的分界点/面为η;A2) define the boundary point/face of A1 and A2 as ξ , define the boundary point/face of A2 and A3 as η ;
3)使用随即分割法计算隶属函数的公式如下,3) The formula for calculating the membership function using the random partition method is as follows,
设(ξ,η)是满足P(ξ,η)=1的一组连续随即向量,设(ξ,η)的每次取值对应一个映射e;有Let (ξ, η) be a set of continuous random vectors satisfying P(ξ, η)=1, and let each value of (ξ, η) correspond to a mapping e;
e(ξ,η):Ω→U={A1,A2,A3}e(ξ, η):Ω→U={A 1 ,A 2 ,A 3 }
即每确定一次边界后都可得出三个相应的子空间。That is to say, three corresponding subspaces can be obtained every time the boundary is determined.
且and
其中:U是包含三个子集A1,A2,A3的全集;e(ξ,η)表示(ξ,η)的每次取值对应一个映射e;e(ξ,η)(x)表示当ξ和η确定时A1,A2,A3的取值范围;Among them: U is the complete set including three subsets A 1 , A 2 , A 3 ; e(ξ, η) means that each value of (ξ, η) corresponds to a mapping e; e(ξ, η)(x) Indicates the value range of A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 when ξ and η are determined;
则三个模糊子集对应的三个隶属函数和为,Then the three membership functions corresponding to the three fuzzy subsets and for,
其中,Pξ(u)和Pη(u)分别为ξ与η的边缘分布密度函数。Among them, P ξ (u) and P η (u) are the marginal distribution density functions of ξ and η, respectively.
因此将几个输入主要参量分成A1,A2,A3三个等级:Therefore, several main input parameters are divided into three levels: A 1 , A 2 , and A 3 :
泥浆浓度:偏小、中等、偏大;Mud concentration: small, medium, large;
绞刀转速:偏慢、中等、偏快;Reamer speed: slow, medium, fast;
泥泵转速:偏慢、中等、偏快;Dredge pump speed: slow, medium, fast;
绞刀横移速度:偏慢、中等、偏快;Reamer traverse speed: slow, medium, fast;
绞刀前进距离:偏小、中等、偏大;Reamer advance distance: small, medium, large;
例如泥浆浓度,开始时输入设定浓度值,当输出浓度值小于输入值时认为泥浆浓度偏小,当输出值恰好等于输入值是则为中等,当输出值大于输入值时则为偏大,其他参量同理。For example, for mud concentration, input the set concentration value at the beginning. When the output concentration value is less than the input value, the mud concentration is considered small. When the output value is exactly equal to the input value, it is medium. When the output value is greater than the input value, it is considered high. The other parameters are the same.
具体隶属函数可由所需参量取值求出。The specific membership function can be obtained from the values of the required parameters.
步骤四,选择模糊神经控制系统机构,采用BP算法,建立人工神经元,根据疏浚作业复杂度确定神经网络的隐层数。Step 4: Select the mechanism of the fuzzy neural control system, use the BP algorithm to establish artificial neurons, and determine the number of hidden layers of the neural network according to the complexity of the dredging operation.
步骤五,建立模糊神经控制系统,对疏浚作业施工进行辅助决策。Step 5: Establish a fuzzy neural control system to assist in decision-making for dredging operations.
该模糊神经控制系统,将模糊规则库作为隐层节点,建立模糊神经控制系统,通过不断的学习与训练直至输出误差减小到允许的程度。In this fuzzy neural control system, the fuzzy rule library is used as the hidden layer node, and the fuzzy neural control system is established. Through continuous learning and training, the output error is reduced to the allowable level.
建立模糊神经控制系统如图2所示,其中x1、x2、x3…xn为输入参量,y1、y2、y3…yn为输出参量,隐层数为一层,隐层节点对应模糊规则库。The establishment of a fuzzy neural control system is shown in Figure 2, where x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ... x n are input parameters, y 1 , y 2 , y 3 ... y n are output parameters, and the number of hidden layers is one layer. The layer node corresponds to the fuzzy rule base.
设n=5,即x1、x2、x3…x5分别为泥浆浓度、绞刀转速、泥泵转速、绞刀横移速度和绞刀前进距离,y1、y2、y3…y5为输出的实际参量,在进行疏浚作业前会设定好高产量是的浓度值及在此浓度值下其他各个参量的值,当泥浆浓度高于或低于设定浓度值时,其它参量也会自动调节其输出量,来维持泥浆浓度达到或接近设定值。Let n=5, that is, x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ... x 5 are mud concentration, reamer speed, mud pump speed, reamer traverse speed and reamer advance distance respectively, y 1 , y 2 , y 3 ... y 5 is the actual output parameter. Before the dredging operation, the concentration value of the high output and the values of other parameters under this concentration value will be set. When the mud concentration is higher or lower than the set concentration value, other The parameter will also automatically adjust its output to maintain the mud concentration at or close to the set value.
上述的,基于模糊神经控制系统的疏浚工艺智能决策分析方法,通过神经网络的空间复杂性来融合模糊控制的时间复杂性,使疏浚作业自动化程度更高。The above-mentioned intelligent decision-making analysis method for dredging process based on fuzzy neural control system integrates the time complexity of fuzzy control through the space complexity of neural network, so that the degree of automation of dredging operations is higher.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和变形,这些改进和变形也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made. It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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