CN105043741B - A kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep - Google Patents
A kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep Download PDFInfo
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- CN105043741B CN105043741B CN201510490884.8A CN201510490884A CN105043741B CN 105043741 B CN105043741 B CN 105043741B CN 201510490884 A CN201510490884 A CN 201510490884A CN 105043741 B CN105043741 B CN 105043741B
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Abstract
A kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep, the detection means include pretightning force acquisition system (A), bolt clamping connector system (B) and heating system (C), and three is connected with each other.It is relatively low that the detection means builds expense, and small volume, is convenient for carrying, and is easy to simulate the high-temerature creep under true environment.The present invention can provide hot environment, and accurate simulation bolt uses the creep process of process, while can gather the numerical value of pretightning force in real time, and feeds back in computer.It has preferable application prospect in engineering material test instrument and equipment technology field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep, belong to engineering material
Expect test apparatus and equipment technology field.
Background technology
Bolt connection is most widely used assembly method on engineering goods, in aero-engine, some important spiral shells
Tether to connect and have very important influence to the reliability of engine work.In order to ensure that the rotor of rotation at a high speed is safe and reliable
Work, adjustment bolt screw-down torque is needed to apply appropriate axial pre tightening force during assembling.It is but worked in engine rotor
Cheng Zhong, bolt is under pretightning force and the working condition of high temperature, it may occur that creep.Creep is a kind of expendable plastic deformation,
Pretightning force can be caused to degenerate after generation long-time creep, more serious influence can be produced to the performance of structure, cause engine
Failure.
In the Development and design stage, bolt creep process should be simulated, finds pretightning force deterioration law.Existing survey bolt is compacted
The technology of change is tested using large-scale creep testing machine, but its is expensive, and volume ratio is huger, can be only placed at spy
Fixed experimental enviroment, it is not portable.Can not be seldom applied to personal experiment, small organization or creep testing machine number of applications
Enterprise.Meanwhile existing this technology can not obtain the pretightning force degraded data of bolt in real time.
The content of the invention
(1) goal of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process for considering high-temerature creep is real-time
Detection means.It is relatively low that the device builds expense, and small volume, is convenient for carrying, and is easy to the high temperature simulated under true environment compacted
Become.Hot environment can be provided, accurate simulation bolt uses the creep process of process.The number of pretightning force can be gathered in real time simultaneously
Value, and feed back in computer.
(2) technical scheme
The technical scheme is that：A kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep,
The detection means includes three system units, respectively pretightning force acquisition system A, bolt clamping connector system B and heating
System C.Three is connected with each other.
The pretightning force acquisition system A of the detection means includes radial pull pressure sensor a1, change is sent in weighing-up wave amplification
Device b, recording instrument without paper c.Their mutual relations are：Radial pull pressure sensor a1 and weighing-up wave amplification converter
B is connected with each other, and weighing-up wave amplification converter b and recording instrument without paper c is connected with each other.Radial pull pressure sensor a1 amount
Journey can select according to actual acquired data, and for scope between 200Kg~30T, marginal surface has 8 apertures to be used for fixing device,
Centre bit is equipped with screwed hole and surveys bolt n for fixation；Weighing-up wave amplification converter b is used for sensing radial pressure
Device a1 signal is amplified；The most short numerical value that a pretightning force is can record every 1s of recording instrument without paper c.
The bolt clamping connector system B of the detection means includes the wheel in connecting screw d, pretightning force acquisition system A
Spoke pull pressure sensor a1, radial pull pressure sensor a2, connecting bolt matching nut e, the supporting pad f of connecting bolt,
Surveyed bolt matching nut g, survey bolt matching pad h.Their mutual relations are：8 connecting screw d and corresponding
The connecting bolt matching nut e and supporting pad f of connecting bolt senses radial pull pressure sensor a1 and radial pressure
Device a2 is fixed on upper and lower ends, surveys bolt matching nut g and surveys bolt matching pad h in radial pull pressure sensor table
Face is used for fastening surveyed bolt n.The range of radial pull pressure sensor a1, a2 can select according to actual acquired data, model
It is trapped among between 200Kg~30T, marginal surface there are 8 apertures to be used for fixing device, and centre bit is equipped with screwed hole and is used for fixed surveyed
Bolt n.Two sensor surfaces are parallel to each other；Connecting screw d, connecting bolt matching nut e, the supporting pad f of connecting bolt,
Surveyed bolt matching nut g, to survey bolt matching pad h be the connector purchased in market chosen on demand.
The heating system C of the detection means includes rope type electric heater i, thermal insulation cotton j, temperature controller k, thermocouple
L, contactor m.Correlation between them is：Rope type electric heater i is connected m connections, contactor m by higher temperature line with contactor
Controlled by temperature controller k connections.Thermocouple l is connected by temperature controller k, and is fastened on surveyed spiral shell by rope type electric heater i
Bolt n surfaces.Thermal insulation cotton j is wrapped in rope type electric heater i surfaces and is thermally shielded insulation.Rope type electric heater i is according to reality
The heated length selection input voltage of screw rod is surveyed on border, with rope length；Thermal insulation cotton j is alumina silicate fiber felt, heat-insulation and heat-preservation
Insulation, maximum operation (service) temperature be able to need to be cut out in use to 1300 DEG C, can be wrapped in rope type electric heater i tables
Face, and Jacket thickness makes it within 8 connecting screw d；Temperature controller k belongs to intelligent programmable temperature control
Device, heat time, firing rate, maximum temperature and control parameter pid value can be set；Thermocouple l model can be according to need
The temperature to be heated is selected；Contactor m is used for coordinating temperature controller to carry out temperature control, and model can be according to rope type electricity
Heater i input voltage selection concrete model, if its input voltage is not 220V AC voltage, needs again adapted transformer to become
Pressure.
Wherein, the described material for surveying bolt n is consistent with the research object of reality, and its geomery can be according to reality
The analysis of border object is simplified.
Wherein, the bolt clamping connector B will select suitable clamp to fill according to surveyed bolt n size, performance
Put, make its deformation in test much smaller than surveying bolt n deformation.
Wherein, the connecting screw d, connecting bolt matching nut e, the supporting pad f of connecting bolt are standard component, also may be used
It is adjusted according to actual conditions.Its material should select non-deformability to be not less than in surveyed bolt n material.Connecting screw d
Diameter should be greater than the diameters of surveyed bolt n heated portions.8 connecting bolt d pass through two chaptrel spoke sensor surface sides
8 apertures of edge, for fixing device, adjustable range.Surveyed bolt matching nut g, the material ginseng for surveying bolt matching pad h
Examine the material in practical set.
In use, surveyed bolt n one end is screwed into radial pull pressure sensor a1, the other end passes through radial pressure
Sensor a2 and guarantee surveys bolt matching nut g and can be screwed onto radial pull pressure sensor a2 surfaces and be matched somebody with somebody by surveyed bolt
Cover pad h connections.Before tightening surveyed bolt matching nut g, recording instrument without paper c need to be reset, be twisted with torque spanner and survey spiral shell
Bolt matching nut g obtains required pretightning force to required torque.By whole experimental rig with radial pull pressure sensor a1
Periphery be bottom place, test ambient temperature be 25 DEG C.Temperature controller k parameter is set according to required heating condition,
Control rope type electric heater i to carry out heated at constant temperature to surveyed bolt n, and data are surveyed by recording instrument without paper c start recordings, heat
The change curve of pretightning force is obtained after end, incoming computer is analyzed.
(3) present invention has advantages below
1. detection means of the present invention can demonstrate creep situation of the bolt under worst hot case, pretension is recorded in real time
The degraded data of power.
2. detection means assembly and disassembly of the present invention are simple, it is relatively low to build expense, and small volume.Conveniently take
Band.All parts are all relatively conventional devices simultaneously, for ease of maintenaince change, may be reused after off-test.
3. the firing equipment of detection means of the present invention can be heated at high temperature to shorter screw rod, and can root
It is adjusted according to different heated lengths.One layer of thermal insulation cotton is enclosed with outside simultaneously so that the temperature of bolt will not go out
Now fluctuate.
4. detection means of the present invention it is set-mounted it is good after, can be run automatically according to predetermined heating curves, in
Between without manual operation, data needed for automatic record.
Brief description of the drawings
With reference to accompanying drawing and following detailed description, preceding feature of the invention is more readily understood that, wherein：
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram for the bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep.
Fig. 2 shows the pretightning force acquisition system for the bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep
A schematic diagrams.
Fig. 3 shows that the bolt clip for the bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep is close to tipping
Put system B schematic diagrams.
Fig. 4 shows the heating system C principles for the bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep
Figure.
Fig. 5, which is shown, considers this spiral shell of experiment institute's test sample of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus of high-temerature creep
The geomery of bolt.
Fig. 6 shows that the bolt pretightening for the bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep is degenerated
Curve.
Part description in figure representated by each label is as follows：
a1:Radial pull pressure sensor；b:Weighing-up wave amplifies converter；c:Recording instrument without paper；d:Connecting screw；
a2:Radial pull pressure sensor；e:Connecting bolt matching nut；f:The supporting pad of connecting bolt；g:Surveyed bolt matching spiral shell
It is female；h:Surveyed bolt matching pad；i:Rope type electric heater；j:Thermal insulation cotton；k:Temperature controller；l:Thermocouple；m:Connect
Tentaculum；n:Bolt is surveyed in experiment.
Embodiment
Here is the instantiation of the present invention, and technical scheme is further described with reference to accompanying drawing, but this
Invention is not limited to following instance.
Engine rotor bolt is in high-temperature work environment, and due to being caused pretightning force to degenerate by high-temerature creep, it is most
Elevated operating temperature is 500 DEG C, and initial pretightning force is set to 15kN.Actual work temperature is now simulated, detects the degeneration of pretightning force in real time
Process, obtain pretightning force degenerated curve.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that a kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process for considering high-temerature creep detects dress in real time
Put, as shown in Figure 1.The device includes three system units, respectively pretightning force acquisition system A, bolt clamping connector system
Unite B and heating system C.Three is connected with each other.
As shown in Fig. 2 the pretightning force acquisition system A of the experimental rig includes radial pull pressure sensor a1, letter of weighing
Number amplification converter b, recording instrument without paper c.Their mutual relations are：Radial pull pressure sensor a1 and weighing-up wave
Amplify converter b to be connected with each other, weighing-up wave amplification converter b and recording instrument without paper c is connected with each other.The radial pressure passes
Sensor a1 measurement range selection is 0~5T, and the aperture that marginal surface has a diameter of 11mm of 8 is used for fixing device, center
The screwed hole for having M16 × 1.5 is used for fixation and surveys bolt n；Weighing-up wave amplification converter b is used for passing radial pressure
Sensor a1 signal is amplified, and the output signal of selection is 4~20mA；Recording instrument without paper c set range be 0~
5000kg, the numerical value of a pretightning force is recorded per 1s.Input signal is 4~20mA.
As shown in figure 3, the bolt clamping connector system B of the experimental rig includes connecting screw d, pretightning force collection system
Radial pull pressure sensor a1, radial pull pressure sensor a2, connecting bolt matching nut e, connecting bolt in system A are matched somebody with somebody
Set pad f, survey bolt matching nut g, survey bolt matching pad h.Their mutual relations are：8 connecting screw d
And the corresponding connecting bolt matching nut e and supporting pad f of connecting bolt draws radial pull pressure sensor a1 and radial
Pressure sensor a2 is fixed on upper and lower ends, surveys bolt matching nut g and surveys bolt matching pad h in radial pressure
Sensor surface is used for fastening surveyed bolt n.The bolt clamping connector system B of the detection means includes connecting screw d, pre-
Radial pull pressure sensor a1, radial pull pressure sensor a2, connecting bolt matching nut e in clamp force acquisition system A,
The supporting pad f of connecting bolt, survey bolt matching nut g, survey bolt matching pad h.Their mutual relations are：8
The root connecting screw d and corresponding connecting bolt matching nut e and supporting pad f of connecting bolt is by radial pull pressure sensor a1
Upper and lower ends are fixed on radial pull pressure sensor a2, bolt matching nut g and surveyed bolt matching pad h is surveyed and is taking turns
Spoke pull pressure sensor surface is used for fastening surveyed bolt n.The range of radial pull pressure sensor a1, a2 selects
0~5T, the aperture that marginal surface has a diameter of 11mm of 8 are used for fixing device, and centre bit is equipped with the screwed hole of M16 × 1.5
Bolt n is surveyed for fixation.Two sensor surfaces are parallel to each other；Connecting screw d, connecting bolt matching nut e, connection spiral shell
The supporting pad f of bolt, to survey bolt matching nut g, survey bolt matching pad h be the connector purchased in market chosen on demand.
As shown in figure 4, the heating system C of the experimental rig includes rope type electric heater i, thermal insulation cotton j, temperature control
Device k, thermocouple l, contactor m.Correlation between them is：Rope type electric heater i is connected m companies by higher temperature line with contactor
Connect, contactor m is controlled by temperature controller k connections.Thermocouple l is connected by temperature controller k, and tight by rope type electric heater i
Gu on surveyed bolt n surfaces.Thermal insulation cotton j is wrapped in rope type electric heater i surfaces and is thermally shielded insulation.The rope type electrical heating
Device i is 24V according to the actual heated length selection input voltage for surveying screw rod, and rope length is 1.5 meters；Thermal insulation cotton j is silicon
Sour aluminum fiber mat, heat-insulation and heat-preservation insulation, maximum operation (service) temperature can need to be cut out, can wrap to 1300 DEG C in use
Rope type electric heater i surfaces are rolled in, and its thickness elects 15 millimeters as；Temperature controller k is that XMT63X Series Intelligent types can
Temperature controller is programmed, the setting heated at constant temperature time is 1000h, and control parameter pid value is respectively P=5, I=300, D=13；
Thermocouple l model can elect K-type thermocouple as according to 500 DEG C of the maximum operating temperature of reality；Contactor m is used for coordinating temperature
Spend controller and carry out temperature control, because the input voltage of rope type electric heater is 24V, then need 220V to turn 24V transformer
Carry out transformation.
Wherein, the geomery for surveying bolt n is processed as shown in Figure 5, material selection real engine rotor bolt
Material 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV.
Wherein, the connecting screw d, connecting bolt matching nut e, the supporting pad f of connecting bolt are standard component.Connection
Screw rod d material selection 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV, its a diameter of 10mm, 8 connecting bolt d pass through two wheel spoke type sensors
8 apertures of marginal surface, for fixing device, adjustable range.Surveyed bolt matching nut g is beryllium-bronze material, surveys spiral shell
The supporting pad h of bolt is stainless steel material.
In use, larger one in surveyed bolt n end faces is screwed into radial pull pressure sensor a1, other end is through wheel
Spoke pull pressure sensor a2 and guarantee survey bolt matching nut g can be screwed onto radial pull pressure sensor a2 surfaces and by
Surveyed bolt matching pad h connections.Before tightening surveyed bolt matching nut g, recording instrument without paper c need to be reset, be pulled with torque
Hand, which is twisted, surveys bolt matching nut g extremely to showing that registration is 15kN on recording instrument without paper.Whole experimental rig is drawn with radial
Pressure sensor a1 periphery is placed the bottom of for, and test ambient temperature is 25 DEG C of room temperature.Temperature controller k parameter is set,
Control rope type electric heater i to carry out heated at constant temperature to surveyed bolt n, and data are surveyed by recording instrument without paper c start recordings.Such as figure
Shown in 6, the degenerated curve of pretightning force is obtained after terminating for heating.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep, it is characterised in that：The detection means Including pretightning force acquisition system (A), bolt clamping connector system (B) and heating system (C), three is connected with each other；The pretightning force acquisition system (A) of the detection means includes the first radial pull pressure sensor (a1), weighing-up wave amplifies Converter (b), recording instrument without paper (c), the first radial pull pressure sensor (a1) are mutual with weighing-up wave amplification converter (b) Connection, weighing-up wave amplification converter (b) are connected with each other with recording instrument without paper (c)；The first radial pull pressure sensor (a1) range selects according to actual acquired data, and for scope between 200Kg~30T, marginal surface has 8 apertures to be used for fixing Device, centre bit are equipped with screwed hole and survey bolt (n) for fixation；Weighing-up wave amplification converter (b) was used for the first round The signal of spoke pull pressure sensor (a1) is amplified；The recording instrument without paper (c) is most short to record pretightning force every 1s Numerical value；The bolt clamping connector system (B) includes connecting screw (d), the first radial pull pressure sensor (a1), second Radial pull pressure sensor (a2), connecting bolt matching nut (e), the supporting pad (f) of connecting bolt, survey bolt matching spiral shell Female (g), survey bolt matching pad (h)；8 connecting screws (d) and corresponding connecting bolt matching nut (e) and connecting bolt First radial pull pressure sensor (a1) and the second radial pull pressure sensor (a2) be fixed on by supporting pad (f), Lower both ends, survey bolt matching nut (g) and survey bolt matching pad (h) in the first radial pull pressure sensor (a1) and The surface of second radial pull pressure sensor (a2) is used for fastening surveyed bolt (n)；The first radial pull pressure sensor (a1) selected with the range of the second radial pull pressure sensor (a2) according to actual acquired data, scope 200Kg~30T it Between, marginal surface has 8 apertures to be used for fixing device, and centre bit is equipped with screwed hole and surveys bolt (n), two sensings for fixed Device surface is parallel to each other；The heating system (C) includes rope type electric heater (i), thermal insulation cotton (j), temperature controller (k), thermocouple (l), connect Tentaculum (m)；Rope type electric heater (i) is connected by higher temperature line with contactor (m), and contactor (m) is connected by temperature controller (k) and controlled System；Thermocouple (l) is connected by temperature controller (k), and is fastened on surveyed bolt (n) surface by rope type electric heater (i)；It is heat-insulated Heat-preservation cotton (j) is wrapped in rope type electric heater (i) surface and is thermally shielded insulation；The rope type electric heater (i) is surveyed according to actual The heated length selection input voltage and rope length of screw rod；The thermal insulation cotton (j) is alumina silicate fiber felt, and heat-insulation and heat-preservation insulate, Maximum operation (service) temperature need to be cut out in use to 1300 DEG C, can be wrapped in rope type electric heater (i) surface, and And Jacket thickness makes it within 8 connecting screws (d)；The temperature controller (k) belongs to intelligent programmable temperature controller, Heat time, firing rate, maximum temperature and control parameter pid value can be set；The temperature that the thermocouple (l) heats as needed Selected；The contactor (m) is used for coordinating temperature controller to carry out temperature control, according to the input of rope type electric heater (i) Voltage selects concrete model, if its input voltage is not 220V AC voltage, needs adapted transformer transformation again.
- 2. a kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：The described material for surveying bolt (n) is consistent with the research object of reality, and its geomery is according to actual right The analysis of elephant is simplified.
- 3. a kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：The bolt clamping connector system (B) will select suitable folder according to size, the performance of surveyed bolt (n) Tight device, its deformation in test is set to be much smaller than the deformation for surveying bolt (n).
- 4. a kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：The connecting screw (d), connecting bolt matching nut (e), the supporting pad (f) of connecting bolt, according to actual conditions It is adjusted；Its material should select non-deformability to be not less than in the material of surveyed bolt (n)；The diameter of connecting screw (d) should More than the diameter of surveyed bolt (n) heated portion；8 connecting bolts (d) pass through the 8 of two chaptrel spoke sensor surface edges Individual aperture, for fixing device, adjustable range；Surveyed bolt matching nut (g), the material ginseng for surveying bolt matching pad (h) Examine the material in practical set.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510490884.8A CN105043741B (en) | 2015-08-11 | 2015-08-11 | A kind of bolt pretightening degenerative process real-time detection apparatus for considering high-temerature creep |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105806609A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-27 | 江苏中成紧固技术发展股份有限公司 | Concrete detecting platform for relaxation coefficient of wind powder high-strength bolt |
| CN107063648B (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2019-02-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of load monitoring method of Intelligent optical fiber grating flange bolt load monitoring device |
| CN108332897B (en) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-12-29 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Test device for detecting high-temperature change of bolt pretightening force |
| CN111122134A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-05-08 | 河南航天精工制造有限公司 | Self-locking nut unscrewing test device and method for grouped floating supporting plates |
| CN111859762B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2023-04-07 | 电子科技大学 | Long-time high-temperature creep acceleration simulation method for sensor |
| CN112296714B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-09-07 | 许昌学院 | Novel clamp for machining parts of precision machine tool |
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