CN102540099A - System and method for testing thermoelectric conversion efficiency of miniature temperature-difference battery - Google Patents
System and method for testing thermoelectric conversion efficiency of miniature temperature-difference battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN102540099A CN102540099A CN2012100248296A CN201210024829A CN102540099A CN 102540099 A CN102540099 A CN 102540099A CN 2012100248296 A CN2012100248296 A CN 2012100248296A CN 201210024829 A CN201210024829 A CN 201210024829A CN 102540099 A CN102540099 A CN 102540099A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing system for testing the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of a miniature temperature-difference battery and a method thereof. The testing system for testing the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the miniature temperature-difference battery comprises three parts which are a testing fixture, a vacuum system and a controlling and testing circuit system. A miniature temperature-difference battery to be tested is placed in the testing fixture, and the testing process is positioned in a vacuum environment. According to the testing system, current flowing through a heating block can be regulated and controlled by the controlling and testing circuit system, the control of the flow rate of heat in the testing process and the collection of relevant testing data are realized, the testing data are also transmitted to a microcomputer in real time, and the controlling of the entire testing process, the processing of the testing data and the real-time displaying of the testing data and a calculating result on a computer display are realized by the microcomputer. According to the system, the accurate measurement of the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the miniature temperature-difference battery can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to thermoelectric cell performance test technology, more particularly, particularly a kind of miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro and method.
Background technology
Thermoelectric cell is the thermoelectric transition effects (also claiming Seebeck effect) that utilizes thermoelectric material, a kind of physical battery that utilizes the temperature difference to generate electricity that is assembled by n type and p type thermoelectric material.The conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of thermoelectric cell is an important indicator of estimating thermoelectric cell performance quality.The conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of thermoelectric cell defines as follows:
η＝P
out/P
in (1)
(1) η is the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of thermoelectric cell in the formula, P
InBe the heat of unit interval to the thermoelectric cell input, P
OutOutput power for thermoelectric cell.
The volume of miniature thermoelectric cell is little, and there is loss in the input heat that brings of the temperature difference, causes the difficulty for miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, a kind of test macro and method thereof that is used to test miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is provided, can realize accurate mensuration miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric.
The object of the invention is achieved through following technical proposals:
Miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro is made up of detection clamp, vacuum systems and control and test circuit system three parts.Miniature thermoelectric cell to be measured is placed in the detection clamp, and test process is in the vacuum environment.This test macro can be through control and the test circuit system regulation and control electric current on the heat block of flowing through; Realize the heat flux control of test process and the collection of relevant test data; And with the test data real-time Transmission to microcomputer, realize the control of whole test process, processing and the test data and the real-time demonstration of result of calculation on graphoscope of test data through microcomputer.This system can realize the accurate mensuration to miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric.Following specifically:
Detection clamp (shown in accompanying drawing 1, accompanying drawing 2) comprises miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1, miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame 2, fixedly slide block 3, turn screw rod 4, heat block 31, first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34, the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35, and the inside of wherein miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1 forms the sample chamber of placing miniature thermoelectric cell to be measured; The first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 lay respectively at the both sides of heat block 31, and through the turn screw rod 4 of screwing with the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 with the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 is fixed on miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame 2 and fixedly between the slide block 3; The first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32 is positioned at the cold junction of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5; The first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33 is positioned at the hot junction of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5; The second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34 is positioned at the hot junction of the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6, and the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 is positioned at the cold junction of the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6; The current/voltage p-wire 15 of the first miniature thermoelectric cell links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of the first miniature thermoelectric cell, and the current/voltage p-wire 16 of the second miniature thermoelectric cell links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of the second miniature thermoelectric cell; The electric current of regulating on the heat block 31 of flowing through through control and test circuit system makes its release heat; The temperature difference is set up at two ends at the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 respectively; Through being positioned at four temperature thermocouples in these two miniature thermoelectric cell cold junctions and hot junction, record the cold and hot end temperature of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 respectively; Record the output current and the output voltage of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 respectively through the current/voltage p-wire that links to each other with these two miniature thermoelectric cell both positive and negative polarities.
The connectivity port 7 of wherein miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame closely links to each other with connecting pipe 10 through the sealing clip; Said connecting pipe 10 through the sealing clip with connect outer lead threeway 11 and closely link to each other, saidly connect outer lead threeway 11 and closely link to each other with outer lead interface 12 through sealing clip; Be provided with O-ring seal in the said sealing clip, be tightly connected with realization.
Vacuum systems (shown in accompanying drawing 5, accompanying drawing 6) by miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1, tensimeter 20, connect pressure meter three-way 21, thermocouple vacuum gauge 22, connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway 23, vacuum pump threeway 24, air release 25, connect air release threeway 26, manual vacuum valve 27, vacuum pump interface 28, vacuum pump 29, gland bonnet 30, O-ring seal 9 and sealing clip 8 and form.It is characterized in that, connect external lead wire threeway 11 through sealing clip 8 with connect pressure meter three-way 21 and be connected, the tensimeter 20 that connects on the pressure meter three-way is used to show the test system pressure inside; Connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway 23 through sealing clip 8 with connect pressure meter three-way 21 and be connected, the thermocouple vacuum gauge of installing it on 22 is used to show the vacuum tightness of being with vacuum systems detection clamp inside; Connect vacuum pump threeway 24 through sealing clip 8 with connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway 23 and be connected; The manual vacuum valve of installing on it 27 is used to regulate the inner vacuum tightness of test system; Through sealing clip 8 manual vacuum valve 27 is linked to each other with vacuum pump interface 28, vacuum pump interface 28 is connected with vacuum pump 29 through external pipeline; Connect air release threeway 26 through sealing clip 8 with connect vacuum pump threeway 24 and be connected, the air release of installing it on 25 is used to regulate test macro gas inside pressure, its other end passes through to seal clip and links to each other with gland bonnet 30.Start vacuum pump 29, open manual vacuum valve 27 after, form vacuum environment in the detection clamp, the vacuum environment in the detection clamp can reduce the thermal loss on first miniature thermoelectric cell 5, the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 and heat block 31 surfaces significantly.
Control and test circuit system (shown in accompanying drawing 3) by connect heat block lead 13, connect the current/voltage p-wire 15 of battery temperature thermocouple lead 14, the first miniature thermoelectric cell, electric current and voltage p-wire 16, data line 17, microcomputer 18, control and the data collector 36 of the second miniature thermoelectric cell formed.It is characterized in that the current/voltage p-wire that connects heat block lead 13, the first miniature thermoelectric cell 15 in the sample chamber, the electric current and voltage p-wire of the second miniature thermoelectric cell 16, first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction the temperature thermocouple 34 and second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 all extend detection clamp through being installed in the outer lead interface 12 that connects in the outer lead threeway 11; Control and data collector 36 are realized the control big or small to the heating current on the heat block in the detection clamp of flowing through 31 through connecing heat block lead 13, thereby the hot-fluid of thermoelectric cell is imported in control into; Control and data collector 36 link to each other with first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34, the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 through connecing battery temperature thermocouple lead 14, realize the collection to first miniature thermoelectric cell 5, the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 cold and hot end temperature; Control and data collector 36 are gathered the output voltage and the output current of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 through the electric current and voltage p-wire 15 of first thermoelectric cell and the electric current and voltage p-wire 16 of second thermoelectric cell; Control and data collector 16 are made up of A/D converter, single-chip microcomputer, serial converter, power supply, the electronic circuit etc. that carries out transmission of Current Control and signal and signal Processing; Control and data collector 36 are connected on the microcomputer 18 through data line 17; Data by control of 18 pairs of microcomputers and data collector 36 collect and upload are handled, and on the display of microcomputer 18 video data and data processed result in real time.
The test philosophy of the test macro that the present invention proposes is based on the Seebeck effect, and when there was the temperature difference in miniature thermoelectric cell two ends, miniature thermoelectric cell can externally be exported electric energy.Within certain hour, miniature thermoelectric cell is exactly the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of miniature thermoelectric cell to the power of external load output and the ratio that imports between the inner heat of miniature thermoelectric cell, and available following formula is represented:
η＝P
out/P
in (1)
(1) η is the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of thermoelectric cell in the formula, P
InFor the heat of unit interval, be two miniature thermoelectric cell heat supplies simultaneously because adopt a heat block 31 in the test macro of the present invention, so P to the thermoelectric cell input
InBe heat block in the certain hour 31 half the to thermoelectric cell input heat, can be by the electric current I of the heat block 31 of flowing through in the certain hour ' and the resistance R of heat block calculate: P
In=I '
2R/2; P
OutBe the output power of thermoelectric cell in the certain hour, P
OutCan calculate by the output voltage V and the output current I of miniature thermoelectric cell: P
Out=VI.According to this principle, carry out the collection and the processing of data, wherein T according to the flow chart of accompanying drawing 4
cCold junction temperature, T for miniature thermoelectric cell
hHot-side temperature (both differences are the temperature difference of miniature thermoelectric cell) for miniature thermoelectric cell; V
1Be output voltage, the I of the first miniature thermoelectric cell
1It is the output current (both products are the output power of the first miniature thermoelectric cell) of the first miniature thermoelectric cell; V
2Be output voltage, the I of the second miniature thermoelectric cell
2It is the output current (both products are the output power of the second miniature thermoelectric cell) of the second miniature thermoelectric cell; I ' (utilizes formula P for the electric current of the heat block 31 of flowing through
In=I '
2R/2 can calculate the heat to the thermoelectric cell input).
When utilizing test macro of the present invention to carry out the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test, can carry out according to following step:
At first; First thermoelectric cell 5 to be measured and second thermoelectric cell 6 are placed on heat block 31 both sides respectively and place miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame 2 and fixedly between the slide block 3, the turn screw rod 4 of screwing makes the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 closely contact with first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34, the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 respectively with the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6; The both positive and negative polarity of the first miniature thermoelectric cell is linked to each other with the electric current and voltage p-wire 15 of first thermoelectric cell respectively, the both positive and negative polarity of the second miniature thermoelectric cell is linked to each other with the electric current and voltage p-wire 16 of second thermoelectric cell respectively; Miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1 usefulness sealing clip 8 and O-ring seal 9 are fixed on the connecting pipe 10, and whole test system is in closed state;
Then, start vacuum pump 29, open manual vacuum valve 27, and detect the test macro pressure inside, when the test macro internal pressure reaches the required vacuum tightness of test, close manual vacuum valve 27 and vacuum pump 29 through tensimeter 20 and thermocouple vacuum gauge 22;
The 3rd, start-up control and data collector 36, and to control and data collector 36 proofread and correct
The 4th; Start microcomputer 18; The resistance value that input calculating needs; And the control after utilize proofreading and correct and data collector 36 are gathered the current value of output voltage values, output current value and the heating resistor of thermoelectric cell cold junction temperatures, hot-side temperature, miniature thermoelectric cell; Utilize microcomputer that above-mentioned data are proofreaied and correct and calculated simultaneously, with the output power of the output power of the temperature difference that obtains miniature thermoelectric cell, the first miniature thermoelectric cell, the second miniature thermoelectric cell, to the heat of thermoelectric cell input and the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of miniature thermoelectric cell.
Wherein, the vacuum tightness of said test needs can be chosen as 10
-4～10
-3Pa for avoiding scattering and disappearing of heat, can further improve the vacuum tightness value, but should be noted that the seal degree of whole test system.
When testing; Real-time testing and real-time display mode be can adopt, the cold and hot end temperature-time curve of miniature thermoelectric cell, miniature thermoelectric cell electric current and voltage-time curve, miniature thermoelectric cell power-current curve, miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric drawn.
Adopt the structure and the method for miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro of the present invention, can measure the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of miniature thermoelectric cell rapidly and accurately, solved the problem that present miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric can't be measured.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 detection clamp structural representation
Fig. 2 detection clamp structure partial cross-sectional schematic
Circuit between the miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of Fig. 3 test macro each several part connects synoptic diagram
Fig. 4 is installed in the data processing software flow chart on the microcomputer 18
The composite structure synoptic diagram of Fig. 5 vacuum systems and detection clamp
The composite structure partial schematic sectional view of Fig. 6 vacuum systems and detection clamp
In the accompanying drawing, 1, miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover; 2, miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame; 3, fixing slide block; 4, turn screw rod; 5, the first miniature thermoelectric cell; 6, the second miniature thermoelectric cell; 7, cell support frame connectivity port; 8, sealing clip; 9, O-ring seal; 10, connecting pipe; 11, connect the outer lead threeway; 12, outer lead interface; 13, connect the heat block lead; 14, connect sample temperature thermocouple lead; 15, the electric current and voltage p-wire of the first miniature thermoelectric cell; 16, the electric current and voltage p-wire of the second miniature thermoelectric cell; 17, data line; 18, microcomputer; 19, gib screw; 20, tensimeter; 21, connect pressure meter three-way; 22, thermocouple vacuum gauge; 23, connect the thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway; 24, connect the vacuum pump threeway; 25, air release; 26, connect the air release threeway; 27, manual vacuum valve; 28, vacuum pump interface; 29, vacuum pump; 30, threeway gland bonnet; 31, heat block; 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple; 33, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple; 34, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple; 35, the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple; 36, control and data collector.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed description:
Attach Fig. 1 and 2 and be detection clamp surface structure synoptic diagram and partial interior structure cross-sectional schematic.Detection clamp comprises miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1, miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame 2, fixedly slide block 3, turn screw rod 4, heat block 31, first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34, the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35, and the inside of wherein miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1 forms the sample chamber of placing miniature thermoelectric cell to be measured; The first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 lay respectively at the both sides of heat block 31, and through the turn screw rod 4 of screwing with the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 with the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 is fixed on miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame 2 and fixedly between the slide block 3; The first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32 is positioned at the cold junction of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5; The first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33 is positioned at the hot junction of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5; The second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34 is positioned at the hot junction of the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6, and the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 is positioned at the cold junction of the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6; The current/voltage p-wire 15 of the first miniature thermoelectric cell links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of the first miniature thermoelectric cell, and the current/voltage p-wire 16 of the second miniature thermoelectric cell links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of the second miniature thermoelectric cell; The electric current of regulating on the heat block 31 of flowing through through control and test circuit system makes its release heat; The temperature difference is set up at two ends at the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 respectively; Through being positioned at four temperature thermocouples in these two miniature thermoelectric cell cold junctions and hot junction, record the cold and hot end temperature of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 respectively; Record the output current and the output voltage of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 respectively through the current/voltage p-wire that links to each other with these two miniature thermoelectric cell both positive and negative polarities.
The connectivity port 7 of wherein miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame closely links to each other with connecting pipe 10 through the sealing clip; Said connecting pipe 10 through the sealing clip with connect outer lead threeway 11 and closely link to each other, saidly connect outer lead threeway 11 and closely link to each other with outer lead interface 12 through sealing clip; Be provided with O-ring seal in the said sealing clip, be tightly connected with realization.
Control and test circuit system (shown in accompanying drawing 3) by connect heat block lead 13, connect the current/voltage p-wire 15 of battery temperature thermocouple lead 14, the first miniature thermoelectric cell, electric current and voltage p-wire 16, data line 17, microcomputer 18, control and the data collector 36 of the second miniature thermoelectric cell formed.It is characterized in that the current/voltage p-wire that connects heat block lead 13, the first miniature thermoelectric cell 15 in the sample chamber, the electric current and voltage p-wire of the second miniature thermoelectric cell 16, first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction the temperature thermocouple 34 and second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 all extend detection clamp through being installed in the outer lead interface 12 that connects in the outer lead threeway 11; Control and data collector 36 are realized the control big or small to the heating current on the heat block in the detection clamp of flowing through 31 through connecing heat block lead 13, thereby the hot-fluid of thermoelectric cell is imported in control into; Control and data collector 36 link to each other with first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34, the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 through connecing battery temperature thermocouple lead 14, realize the collection to first miniature thermoelectric cell 5, the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 cold and hot end temperature; Control and data collector 36 are gathered the output voltage and the output current of the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 and the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6 through the electric current and voltage p-wire 15 of first thermoelectric cell and the electric current and voltage p-wire 16 of second thermoelectric cell; Control and data collector 16 are made up of A/D converter, single-chip microcomputer, serial converter, power supply, the electronic circuit etc. that carries out transmission of Current Control and signal and signal Processing; Control and data collector 36 are connected on the microcomputer 18 through data line 17; Data by control of 18 pairs of microcomputers and data collector 36 collect and upload are handled, and on the display of microcomputer 18 video data and data processed result in real time.
Vacuum systems (shown in accompanying drawing 5, accompanying drawing 6) by miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1, tensimeter 20, connect pressure meter three-way 21, thermocouple vacuum gauge 22, connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway 23, vacuum pump threeway 24, air release 25, connect air release threeway 26, manual vacuum valve 27, vacuum pump interface 28, vacuum pump 29, gland bonnet 30, O-ring seal 9 and sealing clip 8 and form.It is characterized in that, connect external lead wire threeway 11 through sealing clip 8 with connect pressure meter three-way 21 and be connected, the tensimeter 20 that connects on the pressure meter three-way is used to show the test system pressure inside; Connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway 23 through sealing clip 8 with connect pressure meter three-way 21 and be connected, the thermocouple vacuum gauge of installing it on 22 is used to show the vacuum tightness of being with vacuum systems detection clamp inside; Connect vacuum pump threeway 24 through sealing clip 8 with connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway 23 and be connected; The manual vacuum valve of installing on it 27 is used to regulate the inner vacuum tightness of test system; Through sealing clip 8 manual vacuum valve 27 is linked to each other with vacuum pump interface 28, vacuum pump interface 28 is connected with vacuum pump 29 through external pipeline; Connect air release threeway 26 through sealing clip 8 with connect vacuum pump threeway 24 and be connected, air release 25 of installation is used to regulate test macro gas inside pressure on it.Start vacuum pump 29, open manual vacuum valve 27 after, form vacuum environment in the detection clamp, the vacuum environment in the detection clamp can reduce the thermal loss on miniature thermoelectric cell 1, miniature thermoelectric cell 26 and heat block 31 surfaces significantly.
When testing; At first; First thermoelectric cell 5 to be measured and second thermoelectric cell 6 are placed on heat block 31 both sides respectively and place miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame 2 and fixedly between the slide block 3, the turn screw rod 4 of screwing makes the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5 closely contact with first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 32, the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 33, the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple 34, the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple 35 respectively with the second miniature thermoelectric cell 6; The both positive and negative polarity of the first miniature thermoelectric cell is linked to each other with the electric current and voltage p-wire 15 of first thermoelectric cell respectively, the both positive and negative polarity of the second miniature thermoelectric cell is linked to each other with the electric current and voltage p-wire 16 of second thermoelectric cell respectively; Miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover 1 usefulness sealing clip 8 and O-ring seal 9 are fixed on the connecting pipe 10, and whole test system is in closed state;
Then, start vacuum pump 29, open manual vacuum valve 27; And through tensimeter 20 and thermocouple vacuum gauge 22 detection test macro pressure inside; Reach test during required vacuum tightness to the test macro internal pressure, close manual vacuum valve 27 and vacuum pump 29, make total system maintain 10
-4Pa (, can further improve the vacuum tightness value, but should be noted that the seal degree of whole test system) for avoiding scattering and disappearing of heat;
The 3rd, start-up control and data collector 36, and to control and data collector 36 proofread and correct
The 4th; Start microcomputer 18; The resistance value that input calculating needs; And the control after utilize proofreading and correct and data collector 36 are gathered the current value of output voltage values, output current value and the heating resistor of thermoelectric cell cold junction temperatures, hot-side temperature, miniature thermoelectric cell; Utilize microcomputer that above-mentioned data are proofreaied and correct and calculated simultaneously, with the output power of the output power of the temperature difference that obtains miniature thermoelectric cell, the first miniature thermoelectric cell, the second miniature thermoelectric cell, to the heat of thermoelectric cell input and the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of miniature thermoelectric cell.Adopt real-time testing and real-time display mode, draw the cold and hot end temperature-time curve of miniature thermoelectric cell, miniature thermoelectric cell electric current and voltage-time curve, miniature thermoelectric cell power-current curve, miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric.
Specifically; Open thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric testing software on the microcomputer 18; Click " Settings ", select and the corresponding PORT COM of side circuit, two batteries cold and hot end passage, electric current and voltage passage separately, key in the respective resistivity values of control circuit.Click " Heating Power " input heating power value.Open control circuit; The resistor power Test Switchboard of control and data collector 36 is pushed resistance test " R " shelves; Click " New Test "; Choose output voltage values, output current value that " AutoGet " then begins to gather battery cold junction temperature, hot-side temperature, thermoelectric cell, and calculate the temperature difference; Temperature that utilization collects and electric current and voltage value, the correlation parameter of adjusting control circuit carries out circuit and proofreaies and correct, and accomplishes the preceding preparation of test; After everything is ready; Resistor power Test Switchboard in control and the data collector 36 is pushed power test " P " shelves; Click " Start " and begin test; This moment, graphoscope began to show in real time the various performance parameters of battery, and drew the cold and hot end temperature-time curve of thermoelectric cell, thermoelectric cell electric current and voltage-time curve, thermoelectric cell power-current curve, miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric; After test is accomplished, click " Stop ", preserve data, withdraw from test interface to stop data acquisition.Utilize above-mentioned test macro and step, respectively following miniature thermoelectric cell is carried out efficiency test.
Test the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of first thermoelectric cell and second thermoelectric cell, be used to prepare the thin film thermoelectric material of above-mentioned miniature thermoelectric cell: n type thin film thermoelectric material is Bi
2Te
2.7Se
0.3, p type thin film thermoelectric material is Bi
0.5Sb
1.5Te
3After testing, the test result that graphoscope shows is following: under room temperature, the 10K temperature difference condition, the peak power output of miniature thermoelectric cell 1 is 22.1 μ W, and corresponding current is 142 μ A, and corresponding output voltage is 156mV, and conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is 0.87%.Under room temperature, the 10K temperature difference condition, the peak power output of miniature thermoelectric cell 2 is 26.0 μ W, and corresponding current is 147 μ A, and corresponding output voltage is 177mV, and conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is 0.92%.
Test the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of first thermoelectric cell and second thermoelectric cell, be used to prepare the thin film thermoelectric material of above-mentioned miniature thermoelectric cell: n type thin film thermoelectric material is Bi
2Te
3, p type thin film thermoelectric material is Sb
2Te
3After testing, the test result that graphoscope shows is following: under room temperature, the 10K temperature difference condition, the peak power output of miniature thermoelectric cell 1 is 22.1 μ W, and corresponding current is 142 μ A, and corresponding output voltage is 156mV, and conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is 0.74%.Under room temperature, the 10K temperature difference condition, the peak power output of miniature thermoelectric cell 2 is 26.0 μ W, and corresponding current is 147 μ A, and corresponding output voltage is 177mV, and conversion efficiency of thermoelectric is 0.72%.
More than the present invention has been done exemplary description; Should be noted that; Under the situation that does not break away from core of the present invention, the replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, modification or other those skilled in the art can not spend creative work all falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro is characterized in that, is made up of detection clamp, vacuum systems and control and test circuit system three parts; Miniature thermoelectric cell to be measured is placed in the detection clamp, and test process is in the vacuum environment; This test macro is through control and the test circuit system regulation and control electric current on the heat block of flowing through; Realize the heat flux control of test process and the collection of relevant test data; And with the test data real-time Transmission to microcomputer; Realize to realize accurate mensuration through microcomputer to miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric to the control of whole test process, processing and the test data and the real-time demonstration of result of calculation on graphoscope of test data.
2. a kind of miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The detection clamp of said test macro comprises miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover (1), miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame (2), fixedly slide block (3), turn screw rod (4), heat block (31), the first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (32), the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (33), the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (34), the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (35), and the inside of wherein miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover (1) forms the sample chamber of placing miniature thermoelectric cell to be measured; The first miniature thermoelectric cell (5) and the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6) lay respectively at the both sides of heat block (31), and through the turn screw rod (4) of screwing with the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5) with the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6) is fixed on miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame (2) and fixedly between the slide block (3); The first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (32) is positioned at the cold junction of the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5); The first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (33) is positioned at the hot junction of the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5); The second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (34) is positioned at the hot junction of the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6), and the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (35) is positioned at the cold junction of the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6); The current/voltage p-wire (15) of the first miniature thermoelectric cell links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of the first miniature thermoelectric cell, and the current/voltage p-wire (16) of the second miniature thermoelectric cell links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of the second miniature thermoelectric cell; The electric current of regulating on the heat block (31) of flowing through through control and test circuit system makes its release heat; The temperature difference is set up at two ends at the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5) and the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6) respectively; Through being positioned at the temperature thermocouple in miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction and hot junction, record the cold and hot end temperature of the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5) and the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6) respectively; Record the output current and the output voltage of the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5) and the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6) respectively through the current/voltage p-wire that links to each other with miniature thermoelectric cell both positive and negative polarity.
3. a kind of miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The connectivity port of wherein miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame (7) closely links to each other with connecting pipe (10) through the sealing clip; Said connecting pipe (10) through the sealing clip with connect outer lead threeway (11) and closely link to each other, saidly connect outer lead threeway (11) and pass through to seal clip and closely link to each other with outer lead interface (12); Be provided with O-ring seal in the said sealing clip, be tightly connected with realization.
4. a kind of miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, the vacuum systems of said test macro by miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover (1), tensimeter (20), connect pressure meter three-way (21), thermocouple vacuum gauge (22), connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway (23), vacuum pump threeway (24), air release (25), connect air release threeway (26), manual vacuum valve (27), vacuum pump interface (28), vacuum pump (29), gland bonnet (30), O-ring seal (9) and sealing clip (8) and form.It is characterized in that, connect external lead wire threeway (11) through sealing clip (8) with connect pressure meter three-way (21) and be connected, the tensimeter (20) that connects on the pressure meter three-way is used to show the test system pressure inside; Connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway (23) through sealing clip (8) with connect pressure meter three-way (21) and be connected, the thermocouple vacuum gauge of installing it on (22) is used to show the vacuum tightness of being with vacuum systems detection clamp inside; Connect vacuum pump threeway (24) through sealing clip (8) with connect thermocouple vacuum gauge threeway (23) and be connected; The manual vacuum valve of installing on it (27) is used to regulate the inner vacuum tightness of test system; Through sealing clip (8) manual vacuum valve (27) is linked to each other with vacuum pump interface (28), vacuum pump interface (28) is connected with vacuum pump (29) through external pipeline; Connect air release threeway (26) through sealing clip (8) with connect vacuum pump threeway (24) and be connected, the air release of installing it on (25) is used to regulate test macro gas inside pressure, its other end passes through to seal clip and links to each other with gland bonnet (30).Start vacuum pump (29); After opening manual vacuum valve (27); Form vacuum environment in the detection clamp, the vacuum environment in the detection clamp can reduce the thermal loss on the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5), the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6) and heat block (31) surface significantly.
5. a kind of miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro according to claim 1; It is characterized in that, the control of said test macro and test circuit system by connect heat block lead (13), connect the current/voltage p-wire (15) of battery temperature thermocouple lead (14), the first miniature thermoelectric cell, electric current and voltage p-wire (16), data line (17), microcomputer (18), control and the data collector (36) of the second miniature thermoelectric cell formed.It is characterized in that the current/voltage p-wire (15) that connects heat block lead (13), the first miniature thermoelectric cell in the sample chamber, the electric current and voltage p-wire (16) of the second miniature thermoelectric cell, the first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (32), the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (33), the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (34) and the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (35) extend detection clamp through being installed in the outer lead interface (12) that connects in the outer lead threeway (11); Control and data collector (36) are realized the control to the size of the heating current on the heat block in the detection clamp of flowing through (31) through connecing heat block lead (13), thereby the hot-fluid of thermoelectric cell is imported in control into; Control and data collector (36) link to each other with the first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (32), the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (33), the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (34), the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (35) through connecing battery temperature thermocouple lead (14), realize the collection to the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5), the cold and hot end temperature of the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6); Control and data collector (36) are gathered the output voltage and the output current of the first miniature thermoelectric cell (5) and the second miniature thermoelectric cell (6) through the electric current and voltage p-wire (15) of first thermoelectric cell and the electric current and voltage p-wire (16) of second thermoelectric cell; Control and data collector (16) are made up of A/D converter, single-chip microcomputer, serial converter, power supply, the electronic circuit etc. that carries out transmission of Current Control and signal and signal Processing; Control and data collector (36) are connected on the microcomputer (18) through data line (17); By microcomputer (18) control and data collector (36) data that collect and upload are handled, and on the display of microcomputer (18) video data and data processed result in real time.
6. a method of utilizing miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric test macro as claimed in claim 1 to test is characterized in that, carries out according to following step:
At first; First thermoelectric cell (5) to be measured and second thermoelectric cell (6) are placed on heat block (31) both sides respectively and place miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame (2) and fixedly between the slide block (3), the turn screw rod (4) of screwing makes the first miniature thermoelectric cell 5, and (6 closely contact with the first miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (32), the first miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (33), the second miniature thermoelectric cell hot junction temperature thermocouple (34), the second miniature thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature thermocouple (35) respectively with the second miniature thermoelectric cell; The both positive and negative polarity of the first miniature thermoelectric cell is linked to each other with the electric current and voltage p-wire (15) of first thermoelectric cell respectively, the both positive and negative polarity of the second miniature thermoelectric cell is linked to each other with the electric current and voltage p-wire (16) of second thermoelectric cell respectively; With miniature thermoelectric cell bracing frame outer cover (1) with the sealing clip (8 and O-ring seal (9) be fixed on the connecting pipe (10), whole test system is in closed state;
Then; Start vacuum pump (29), open manual vacuum valve (27), and detect the test macro pressure inside through tensimeter (20) and thermocouple vacuum gauge (22); Reach test during required vacuum tightness to the test macro internal pressure, close manual vacuum valve (27) and vacuum pump (29);
The 3rd, start-up control and data collector (36), and to control and data collector (36) proofread and correct
The 4th; Start microcomputer (18); The resistance value that input calculating needs; And the control after utilize proofreading and correct and data collector (36) are gathered the current value of output voltage values, output current value and the heating resistor of thermoelectric cell cold junction temperature, hot-side temperature, miniature thermoelectric cell; Utilize microcomputer that above-mentioned data are proofreaied and correct and calculated simultaneously, with the output power of the output power of the temperature difference that obtains miniature thermoelectric cell, the first miniature thermoelectric cell, the second miniature thermoelectric cell, to the heat of thermoelectric cell input and the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric of miniature thermoelectric cell.
7. miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric method of testing according to claim 6 is characterized in that, the vacuum tightness that said test needs can be chosen as 10
-4～10
-3Pa for avoiding scattering and disappearing of heat, can further improve the vacuum tightness value, but should be noted that the seal degree of whole test system.
8. miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric method of testing according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; When testing; Real-time testing and real-time display mode be can adopt, the cold and hot end temperature-time curve of miniature thermoelectric cell, miniature thermoelectric cell electric current and voltage-time curve, miniature thermoelectric cell power-current curve, miniature thermoelectric cell conversion efficiency of thermoelectric drawn.
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